Some taxonomic notes on the genus Oberea Dejean, 1835 from Asia (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae)

Abstract In the current work, the following taxonomic changes of genus Oberea Dejean, 1835 are proposed: Oberea flavescens Breuning, 1947, rest. stat.; Oberea toi Gressitt, 1939, rest. stat.; Oberea sylvia Pascoe, 1858, rest. stat.; Oberea taiwana Matsushita, 1933 = Oberea taihokuensis Breuning, 1962, syn. n.; Oberea sumbana Breuning, 1961 = Oberea antennata Franz, 1972, syn. n.; Oberea brevithorax Gressitt, 1939 is newly recorded from Vietnam.


Introduction
The genus Oberea Dejean, 1835, belonging to the subfamily Lamiinae, family Ceramby cidae, consists of more than 300 species worldwide. The two monographic books on the taxonomy of Cerambycidae from China (Gressitt 1951) and Laos (Rondon and Breun ing 1970), the most important works on Oberea in Asia, treated 77 and 20 Oberea spe cies, respectively. Oberea worldwide was revised by Breuning (1960Breuning ( -1962. Some species were downgraded to infrasubspecific rank in Breuning's work basing on the similarity of body coloration (Breuning 19601962), and some of them were restored or described as new species (Kurihara and Ohbayashi 2007;Kurihara 2009;Li et al. 2014Li et al. , 2016. During the recent study, some further taxonomic clarification of the genus Oberea is presented in the current work, based on examination of types.

Material and methods
Pictures of adult morphology are composites taken using a digital camera mounted onto a Leica MZ Apo dissecting microscope and subsequently processed using Auto montage® software. For detailed examination, genitalia were extracted from specimens softened in water, cleared in 10% KOH, observed in water on glass microscope slides, then transferred into ethanol 70% and stored in capsules mounted on the same pin as the specimens. Drawings were made using a drawing tube mounted onto a compound microscope.
The following collection abbreviations are used in the text. .5 in females. Prothorax wider than long; apical and basal margins slightly emarginated; sides rounded at middle, slightly constricted basally and apically; pronotum raised in middle, finely and densely punctured. Scutellum squared, slightly emarginated. Elytra very long, nearly 5.5 times as long a humeral width, and 4.5 times as long as head and prothorax combined, slightly narrowed from behind base to apical quarter, basal punctured arranged in 6 longitudinal series, and the punctures large and deep at basal area, gradually finer and irregular towards apex. Metepisternum and sides of abdominal segments finely punc tured. Hind femora reaching posterior edge of abdominal segment I; hind tibiae al most twice as long as tarsi. Abdominal sternite V with a shallow triangular concave in males and with a median longitudinal groove in females. Male terminalia: (Fig. 2) Tergite VIII broader than long, apex truncated and slightly emarginated, densely clothed with short setae (Fig 2a); tegmen curved in pro file, parameres elongate, mostly covered with long setae at the apical half; base of each parameres transversely and obliquely ridged on ventral side; the ridge covered with dense fine hairs (Fig. 2be); Median lobe 1.1 times as long as tegmen and slightly curved in profile; the median struts 3/5 times as long as the whole median lobe in length; dorsal plate slightly longer than ventral plate; apex of ventral plate rounded; median foramen rounded (Fig. 2f); endophallus with 2 pairs of rods at apical portion; longer pair very slender baculiform, about 3.5 times as long as shorter pair (Fig. 2g). punctata Pic, 1916Pic, in his revisionary work (1960Pic, -1962. A careful examination and comparison of the types of O. flavescens and O. atropunctata  show that they are different species. Oberea flavescens differs from O. atropunctata in having longer elytra and shorter antennae. They can be distinguished by having differently shaped male genitalia, the long pair of rods being 3.5 times as long as the short pair (1.5 times as long as in O. atropunctata) and the short pair consisting of two simple short rods. Gressitt, 1939, rest. stat. Fig. 3 Oberea toi Gressitt, 1939a: 106. Gressitt, 1939 was originally described by Gressitt from Guang dong, China, and then was downgraded to a variety of O. atropunctata by Breuning (1960Breuning ( -1962. It was regarded as the synonym of O. atropunctata (Löbl & Smetana, 2010); however, the examination of the types shows that they are different species. Despite the similar color pattern of their bodies, O. toi differs from O. atropunctata in the following characters: antennae as long as the body in female, and hind femora exceeding the pos terior edge of abdominal segment I. Therefore, we suggest restoring O. toi Gressitt, 1939 from synonymy of O. atropunctata Pic, 1916. Oberea atropunctata Pic, 1916 Figs 4-5 Oberea atropunctata Pic, 1916: 17. Type locality: China, Yunnan.

Oberea toi
Description. Male terminalia: (Fig. 5) Tergite VIII broader than long, apex truncated and slightly emarginated, rounded at side, densely clothed with short setae (Fig. 5a); tegmen curved in profile, parameres stouter, mostly covered with long hairs; transverse and oblique ridge at basal lobe on ventral side with dense fine hairs (Fig. 5b-e); penis 1.25 times as long as tegmen and curved in profile; the median struts 4/5 times as long as the whole median lobe in length; dorsal plate slightly longer than ventral plate; apex of ventral plate rounded; median foramen rounded (Fig. 5f ); endophallus with two pairs of sclerites apically, the long pair very slender baculiform, the short pair fused at base forming a "Y" (Fig. 5g).
Diagnosis. Body 17.9 mm long and 3.0 mm wide. The species is very similar to O. flavescens Breuning and O. toi Gressitt, especially in color patterns. The following com bination of characters separates it from O. flavescens: shape of rods in the endophallus; elytra nearly 4.2 times as long as humeral width, and 3.7 times as long as head and prothorax combined.      Kurihara and Ohbayashi (2007) revised the Oberea species from Taiwan and redescribed O. taihokuensis based on the original description. According to the original description of O. taiwana, the type was deposited in Hokkaido University, but Dr. Kurihara could not find any type there (Kurihara in litt.). After having compared photo and description of O. taiwana in Kurihara and Ohbayashi's publication (2007) and the holotype of O. taihokuensis, it is suggested that O. taihokuensis Breuning, 1962 is junior synonym of O. taiwana Matsushita, 1933. Oberea sylvia Pascoe, 1858, rest. stat.

Figs 7-8
Oberea sylvia Pascoe, 1858: 261. Type locality: "China, Borealis". Redescription (Fig. 7). Body 12.5-13.5 mm long and 2.3mm wide. Head black ex cept for labrum yellowish brown to reddish brown, maxillary palpus and labial palpus pale yellowish brown; antennae reddish brown, scape dark brown. Prothorax, elytra and ventral surface (except for the abdominal segment V black) ochraceous; legs yellowish brown, apical half of hind tibia and tarsi darker brown. Body clothed with short golden pubescence and some erect hairs on pronotum, base of elytra and ventral surface of the basal antennal segments. Head short, with distinctly depressed vertex; eyes very large, in ferior lobes 2 times as long as the gena in male. Antennae of males longer than body, an tennomere III longer than pedicel and antennomere IV. Prothorax 1.2 times wider than long, slightly constricted basally and apically; pronotum with a tubercle in middle, finely and densely punctured. Scutellum squared, slightly emarginated. Elytra nearly three times as long as humeral width, and 3.6 times as long as head and prothorax combined, slightly narrowed from behind base to apical quarter, apex truncate; basal disc with large and deep punctures arranged in line, punctures becoming gradually finer and irregular towards apical quarter. Metepisternum and sides of abdominal surface finely punctate. Metafemora reaching posterior edge of abdominal segment I; metatibiae almost twice as long as tarsi. Abdominal sternite V with a shallow triangular concave in males.
Male terminalia. (Fig. 8) Tergite VIII broader than long, apex truncated and slightly emarginated, rounded at sides, densely clothed with long hairs and short setae (Fig. 8a); Teg men curved and penis curved in profile, parameres mostly covered with long setae on the apical half; base of each lobe in ventral side transversely and obliquely ridged; the ridge with dense fine hairs (Fig. 8b-e); penis 1.2 times as long as tegmen, dorsal plate slightly longer than ventral plate; the median struts 3/5 times as long as the whole median lobe in length; apex of the ventral plate rounded; median foramen rounded (Fig. 8f); apical endophallus with 2 pairs of baculiform rods, the long pair 2.8 times as long as short pair (Fig. 8g).   (Breuning, 1962). After comparing the types, O. sylvia, which distinctly differs from O. nigriceps in male genitalia (Fig. 8), is restored to specific rank.
The holotype probably was collected by Robert Fortune. According to his book "Three years wandering in the north provinces of China", the northern province of China included Shanghai, Zhejiang Province and Jiangsu Province; therefore "N. Chi na" or "China borealis" might mean east China. Unfortunately, there is no detailed information about the location of the specimen that the first author examined. Gressitt, 1936 Fig. 9 Oberea brevithorax Gressitt, 1936: 108. Type locality: China, Taiwan. Oberea brevithorax inepta Gressitt, 1939b: 122. Type locality: China, Fujian.  Oberea binotaticollis v. brevithorax : Breuning 1962: 193. Oberea binotaticollis v. inepta: Breuning 1962 Kurihara and Ohbayashi (2007) compared them and confirmed that they were two different species, easily distinguished from each other by different body pro portions, antennal lengths, and male genitalia. The species was only recorded in China but recently, some specimens collected in Tonkin, Vietnam, were found in MHNG, and they are a new record to Vietnam.  Breuning, 1961 Figs 10-11 Oberea sumbana Breuning, 1961: 131. Breuning, 1961.