a Scatter plot of PC1 against PC2 for a PCA carried out on five raw meristic characters (scale counts) for 162 specimens of the Pseudobarbus afer complex b Scatter plot of PC1 against PC2 for a PCA carried out on 17 morphometric characters for 154 specimens of the Pseudobarbus afer complex. Syntypes were not included in the analyses as all three specimens are in very poor condition, with very few intact scales, flaccid bodies and damaged fins. The plots indicate that P. senticeps, P. afer s.s. and P. swartzi can be clearly separated based on scale counts, but the three species show considerable overlap in morphological characters.