﻿Two new species of Sinolachnus Hille Ris Lambers (Hemiptera, Aphididae, Lachninae) from China

﻿Abstract Two new Sinolachnus species from China, Sinolachnusrubusis Qiao & Li, sp. nov. feeding on Rubus sp. from Shaanxi and Sichuan Provinces, and Sinolachnusyunnanensis Qiao & Li, sp. nov. feeding on Elaeagnus sp. from Yunnan Province, are described and illustrated. Keys to Sinolachnus species distributed in China are presented. All examined specimens are deposited in the National Zoological Museum of China, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.

Sinolachnus is distinguished within Lachninae by the presence of numerous protuberant secondary rhinaria on the antennae of alatae (Tao 1961;Ghosh 1982;Blackman and Eastop 1994), which was further demonstrated as a reliable characteristic of the genus (Kanturski et al. 2022(Kanturski et al. [2023]]); other diagnostic generic characteristics were provided including the arrangement of accessory rhinaria on antennal segment VI and several "sense pegs" on the first tarsal segments.

Morphological description
Aphid terminology and the measurements in this paper generally follow Blackman and Eastop (1994) and Kanturski et al. (2022Kanturski et al. ( [2023]]).The unit of measurement is millimeter (mm).The following abbreviations are used: Ant. I, II, III, IV, V, VIb antennal segment I, II, III, IV, V and the base of segment

Specimen depositories
The holotype and paratypes of the new species are deposited in the National Zoological Museum of China, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.Etymology.The new species is named after the genus name of its host plant, rubusis being the masculine form.
Biology.The species feeds on roots of host plants and was visited by ants.
Comments.Apterae of the new species are related to Sinolachnus rubi in having abdominal tergites with scattered sclerites and sometimes fused.Sinolachnus rubi was originally regarded as a member of Maculolachnus, but transferred to Sinolachnus by Kanturski et al. (2022Kanturski et al. ( [2023]]).Based on the detailed    Mounted specimens.Head, antennae, rostral segments III-V, pronotum, mesonotum, legs, siphunculi, cauda, anal plate and genital plate dark brown; other parts pale brown; setae on metanotum and abdominal tergites, and some on venter of abdomen bearing dark base-sclerites.For morphometric data, see Table 2.
Mounted specimens.Head, antennae, rostral segments III-V, thorax, legs except basal part of femora, siphunculi, cauda, anal plate and genital plate dark brown, other parts pale brown; dorsal and ventral setae on abdomen bearing dark base-sclerites.For morphometric data, see Table 2.
Wings with scaly imbrications entirely (Fig. 57); campaniform sensilla near the base of subcosta slightly protuberant, fore wings and hind wings each with 10-14 and 7-9 campaniform sensilla on basal part, respectively; fore wings with pterostigma elongate, pale media once branched and faint on basal part (Fig. 45); hind wings with two oblique veins.Abdomen.Abdominal tergites smooth, reticulations obvious or not; tergites VII, VIII and venter with spinulose stripes.Abdominal tergites I-III each with 1 pair of marginal sclerites, tergites V and VI with a few scattered spinal sclerites, tergite VII with a broad transverse patch with irregular margin; tergite VIII with a narrow band; intersegmental muscle sclerites small and dark.Setae on abdominal tergites fine, most long and pointed, few short and blunt, dorsal setae sparser than on venter.Abdominal tergite VIII with 28 setae.Spiracles oval and closed, on brown spiracular plates.Siphunculi truncate, on dark brown seta-bearing cones, apical with few transverse striae and flange, surrounding by 140-156 setae.Cauda round with spinulose stripes, with 32-43 long or short setae.Anal plate broadly round with spinules, with 71-78 long or short setae.Genital plate transverse elliptical with spinulose stripes, with 110-124 setae.Genopophyses three, each with 7, 8, 7 setae.
Biology.The species colonizes branches and stems of host plants near the ground under ant nests.
Alatae of the new species resemble S. nipponicus, which is only known from alate viviparous females, in having the body relatively small (body length less than 3.00 mm), Ant.III with fewer secondary rhinaria (66-88 secondary rhinaria), PT with several long setae on basal part, media of fore wings once branched, but differs from it as follows: PT 0.57 times as long as Ant.VIb (the latter: 0.73-0.83times); Ant.VIb with 32 setae (the latter: 21-23 setae); Setae on Hind tibiae 0.10-0.12mm (the latter: 0.070-0.075mm); abdominal tergites V and VI with few scattered spinal sclerites, tergite VII with a broad transverse patch with irregular margin (the latter: abdominal tergites I-VII without spinal and pleural patches); genital plate transverse elliptical (the latter: genital plate with irregular and divided proximal part).

Diagnosis.
Body relatively small, less than 3 mm in length.PT with 2-6 long setae on basal part.Abdominal tergites of apterous viviparous females often with small scattered spinal sclerites and sometimes fused or unobvious.Alate viviparous females with fewer secondary rhinaria, Ant.III-VI with 70-80, 14, 8, 3 secondary rhinaria, respectively; fore wings with media once branched; abdominal tergite VII with a broad transverse patch with irregular margin.Description.Apterous viviparous female: Body oval, with densely long setae, reddish-brown in life, apical or whole antennae and legs, siphunculi, and a transverse patch on abdominal tergite VII dark brown.

Setae on Ant. III the
longest seta on antennal segment III; Setae on Hind tibia the longest seta on hind tibia; Setae on Tergite I the longest marginal seta on abdominal tergite I; Setae on Tergite VIII the longest seta on abdominal tergite VIII.