Review of the genus Promecidia Lelej, 1996, with description of two new species from China (Hymenoptera, Mutillidae, Trogaspidiini)

Abstract Eleven species of Promecidia Lelej, 1996 are reviewed and keyed, and the diagnosis of the genus is given. The genus Promecidia is newly recorded from China and Promecidia abnormis Lelej, sp. n. (China: Guangdong, Hainan) and Promecidia chui Lelej & Xu, sp. n. (China: Yunnan, Hainan) are described and illustrated. New combination is proposed for Promecidia boopis (Kohl, 1882), comb. n. (from the genus Petersenidia Lelej, 1996). New status is proposed for Promecidia saturnia (Mickel, 1935), stat. n. and Promecidia samawangensis (Mickel, 1935), stat. n.


Introduction
Mutillidae currently include 217 genera and about 4300 described species (Lelej 2007;Lelej and Brothers 2008;Aguiar et al. 2013, updated). In the Palaearctic region 525 species in 61 genera and in the Oriental region 640 species in 64 genera are reported (Lelej 2002, updated;Lelej 2005). The mutillid fauna of China includes 158 species in 32 genera (Chen 1957;Lelej 2002Lelej , 2005He 2004;Tu et al. 2014aTu et al. , b, 2015, To study male genitalic characters, the male genitalia were extracted after being previously softened. The muscles were removed in a sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH 10%), several hours without heating; the genitalia were later placed in water to neutralize the NaOH and stored in micro vials filled with glycerin. Male genitalia were studied under a stereomicroscope in a depression slide.
Photographs of imagos and genitalia were taken with a digital camera Cool SNAP attached to Zeiss stereomicroscope Stemi 2000-CS and stacked using CombineZM software (Hadley 2008). The final illustrations were post-processed for contrast and brightness using Adobe® Photoshop® software. The terminology for morphology is based on the glossary provided by the Hymenoptera Anatomy Consortium (2013). The nomenclature of integument sculpture follows Harris (1979), morphological terms are from Brothers (1975) and Lelej (1985). The terminology of wing venation and cells follows Goulet and Huber (1993). Abbreviations are: POL postocellar (interocellar) distance between posterior ocelli which is measured dorsally, and OOL ocellocular distance between posterior ocellus and compound eye which is measured dorsally.
Comments. The male of Promecidia Lelej, 1996 has very short asymmetrical penial valves and definitely belongs to tribe Trogaspidiini. Based on similar penial valves, coupled with having the mandible not strongly excised beneath and simple mesoscutellum the male of Promecidia is related to that of Afrotropical Spinulomutilla Nonveiller, 1994 but differs by lacking strong lateral carinae on metasomal sterna 7 and 8 (with strong ones in Spinulomutilla) and by metacoxa (dentate in Spinulomutilla). The male of Promecidia is superficially similar with that of Taiwanomyrme Tsuneki, 1993 from the tribe Petersenidiini, but differs asymmetrical penial valves (symmetrical in Taiwanomyrme). Within the tribes Trogaspidiini and Petersenidiini the female of Promecidia easily differs by the absence of a scutellar scale (with more or less developed scutellar scale in other genera of these tribes) and absence of a pygidial area, metasomal tergum 6 glabrous, shiny, not carinate even apically (with more or less developed pygidial area, at least carinate apically in other genera of these tribes; if without pygidial area (Orientidia Lelej, 1996) then scutellar scale visible).   Description. MALE. Body length 8.5-10.2 mm. Black with ferruginous metasomal terga 1-2, sterna 1-3, and base of terga 3 and 4. Head, mandible and scape with yellowish, dense, subappressed setae; pronotum dorsally, mesoscutum, scutellum and metanotum medially with subappressed and erect golden setae, longer on scutellum and metanotum, posterodorsal margin of pronotum densely fringed; propleuron, mesopleuron, and propodeum laterally with whitish appressed and subappressed setae, denser on mesopleuron; posterior propodeal slope with whitish yellow, sparse, erect setae; dorsal propodeal slope with short appressed white setae; legs with dense pale yellow, suberect setae. Metasomal terga with appressed and erect yellowish setae, apically sparsely fringed with pale yellowish setae, sterna with sparse subappressed yellowish setae. Metasomal tergum 2 laterally with felt line, sternum 2 without lateral felt line.

Key to species of Promecidia
Relation of head width and mesosoma width including tegulae 55:60; relation of maxillary palpus length and cardo length 5.0:1.5. Mandible bidentate apically, with subbasal tooth on outer margin beneath and dorsal carina extending from base to subapical tooth. Clypeus with median area subtriangularly raised, anterior margin with two denticles, distance between them much less than between denticle and base of mandible. Scape not widened apically, bicarinate beneath. First flagellomere 1.2× flagellomere 2; antennal scrobe carinate above. Ocelli small, POL:OOL = 0.36. Distance between outer ocellar margins equal to distance between posterior ocelli and posterior border of occiput. Frons and vertex with shallow dense punctures. Tegula large, not projecting scuto-scutellar suture, with smooth and shiny disc and posterior border. Mesoscutellum evenly convex. Notauli well developed, half length of mesoscutum. Parapsides poorly defined. Metanotum densely punctured, medially with deep glabrous area medially. Pronotum and mesopleuron with large, sometimes confluent punctures; mesoscutum with moderately coarse, more or less separated punctures; mesoscutellum with moderately coarse, somewhat confluent punctures; propleuron obscurely striato-punctate; inferior portions of metapleuron glabrous and shiny. Propodeum reticulate, more finely so laterally, and with larger reticulae dorsomedially.
Fore wing fuscous, first submarginal cell large, subtriangular, apically acute, 0.8× length of marginal cell; second submarginal cell receiving recurrent vein at midpoint; third submarginal cell less distinct than submarginal cell 2 and receiving recurrent vein at midpoint. Pterostigma length equal to distance between origin of RS 1 on SC and pterostigma.
Fore wings fuscous, first submarginal cell large, subtriangular, apically acute, 0.7× length of marginal cell; second submarginal cell receiving recurrent vein at midpoint; third submarginal cell less distinct than submarginal cell 2 and receiving recurrent vein at midpoint. Pterostigma length equal to distance between origin of RS 1 on SC and pterostigma.
Etymology. It is a great pleasure for us (A. Lelej and Z. Xu) to name this species after the well-known Chinese hymenopterist Prof. Chu Joo-tsu (1900Joo-tsu ( -1981. Distribution. China (Yunnan, Hainan). Comments. The male and female are collected by the same collectors in July 2006 sites Hainan which are close to each other. There is no direct evidence to support the relationship.
Distribution. Malaysia (Sabah, Sarawak). The record of this species from Perak (Zavattari 1914: 76) is doubtful (Mickel 1935) and probably belongs to a female of Promecidia saturnia (Mickel), which is distributed in the Malay Peninsula.
Remarks. The males of Promecidia saturnia and P. samawangensis differ in coloration, distribution and body length; therefore we consider these to be distinct species.
Distribution. Malaysia (Malacca, Negeri Sembilan, Selangor, Sabah), Singapore. Comments. Possibly the specimens from Singapore are taken in copula because they are with the same labels and marked by additional label "K". The specimens have been collected by C.F. Baker presumably during 1917-1918 when he was Director of Singapore Botanic Gardens (Ascher et al. 2016). The female of P. saturnia is related with that of P. mamblia (Cameron, 1902). The original description of the both sexes of Mutilla urania by Smith (1857) cited Sarawak, Borneo as the type locality. Mickel (1935) examined the syntypes in the Saunders Collection (Museum of Natural History, Oxford University) and found that both syntypes were labelled "Mt. Ophir", which is located in the Malay Peninsula. The material covered in Smith (1857Smith ( -1858 paper came from Borneo, Mt. Ophir and Singapore. Possibly, the citation of the type locality as "Borneo" was an error and the correct type locality is Mt. Ophir, Malacca (Mickel 1935). According to Mickel (1935) both sexes of M. urania belong to different genera. The female was designated by Mickel as lectotype (holotype sensu Mickel 1935) of urania which currently belongs to the genus Odontomutilla Ashmead, 1899. For the male of M. urania (sensu Smith 1857) Mickel (1935) proposed a new name Timulla (Trogaspidia) saturnia, but really it was actually a new species based on the paralectotype of M. urania, which became the holotype of T. (Trogaspidia) saturnia which was later transferred to Promecidia Lelej, 1996by Lelej (2005. Lelej, 1996 Promecidia yamanei Lelej, 1996b: 15 Diagnosis. MALE unknown. FEMALE. Body length 9.0-12.0 mm. Metasoma dark metallic blue. Head and legs black, mesosoma ferruginous; flagellomeres 2-10 ventrally reddish. Metasomal tergum 2 with two small yellowish spots and narrow apical yellowish fascia interrupted medially, tergum 3 with broad yellowish or golden band.
Remark. Possibly, this species is the female of Promecidia rubrocyanea (Mickel, 1935) because both are from Borneo, with dark metallic blue metasoma (other species of Promecidia with black metasoma).