Managed and natural nests of stingless bees as well as workers collecting materials A beekeeper sampling comb and honey from a nest of Frieseomelitta sp. in Peru B workers of Trigona sp. collecting from a rotting orange in Peru C a managed nest of Melipona sp. in Peru D Tetragona sp. [likely Tetragona goettei (Friese)] grabbing a bit of pitch in Peru E arboreal nest of Partamona sp. in Mexico F arboreal nest of Dactylurina sp. in Kenya. All photographs C. Rasmussen except E R. Ayala.