Nests of representative stingless bees A physogastric queen of Melipona (Michmelia) illota Cockerell from Peru B colony of Tetragonisca angustula (Latreille) from Colombia C, D colony with honey pots of Scaura (Scaura) latitarsis (Friese) from Peru E Nannotrigona (Nannotrigona) melanocera (Schwarz) from Peru F Melipona (Melikerria) beecheii Bennett from Mexico G Heterotrigona (Heterotrigona) itama (Cockerell) from Brunei H Geniotrigona lacteifasciata (Cameron) from Brunei. All photographs C. Rasmussen except F R. Ayala and G and H M.S. Engel.