Phylogeny of subtribe Meliponina (New World Meliponini), summarized from Rasmussen and Cameron (2010), with hypothesized placements of Paratrigonoides Camargo & Roubik and Meliwillea Roubik, Lobo Segura, & Camargo. Representative bees at right (from top to bottom, not to same scale): Nogueirapis mirandula (Cockerell), Scaptotrigona (Scaptotrigona) magdalenae Engel, Trigona (Necrotrigona) crassipes (Fabricius), Frieseomelitta trichocerata Moure, Plebeia (Nanoplebeia) pleres Engel, Melipona (Mouremelia) fuliginosa Lepeletier, Trigonisca (Trigonisca) mepecheu Engel & Gonzalez. Representative fossil bees (from top to bottom, not to same scale): Cretotrigona prisca (Michener & Grimaldi) in Maastrichtian New Jersey amber, Proplebeia silacea (Wille) in Miocene Chiapas amber. Images of fossil bees from Engel (2000a) and Engel et al. (2021a). All images M.S. Engel (used with permission).