Skeletal spines of Aphanipathes puertoricoensis sp. nov. holotype (USNM 1660436) (A–D) and Aphanipathes pedata (E, F): A spines on branch 0.45 mm in diameter B spines on branch 0.45 mm in diameter C small conical tubercles on spine tips with faint striations between tubercles D small conical tubercles on spine tip with slight papillae between tubercles E Aphanipathes pedata holotype (NHMUK 1843.2.6.105), spines on branch about 0.22 mm in diameter F Aphanipathes cf. pedata (USNM 1410008), spines on branch 0.16 mm in diameter.