Review of the genus Harnischia Kieffer from China (Diptera, Chironomidae), with description of one new species

Abstract The genus Harnischia Kieffer, 1921 from China is reviewed and one new species, Harnischia parallela Yan & Wang, sp. n., is described and illustrated as adult male. Harnischia okilurida Sasa is recognized as a new synonym of Harnischia longispuria Wang & Zheng. The pupae of Harnischia fuscimana Kieffer and Harnischia curtilamellata Malloch are redescribed from material collected in China, and an unplaced pupa is described. Key to male adults and pupae of known species of Harnischia from China is given.

In this paper the genus Harnischia from China is reviewed and a description of the male adult of Harnischia parallela Yan & Wang, sp. n., is given. Harnischia okilurida Sasa is recognized as a new synonym of H. longispuria Wang & Zheng. The pupae of H. fuscimana Kieffer and H. curtilamellata Malloch are redescribed from China, and an unplaced pupa is described. Key to male adults and pupae of known species of Harnischia from China is provided.

Material and methods
Morphology and terminology follow Saether (1980). The material examined consists of slide-mounted following the procedures outlined by Saether (1969). Measurements are given as the ranges followed by a mean when four or more measurements are made. The specimens examined in this study are deposited in the collection of the College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, China (BDN).

Harnischia angularis
Remarks. The species can be easily distinguished by gonostylus with strong hooklike apical teeth. We agree with Wang (1999) Diagnostic characters. Frontal tubercles absent. R 1 without microtrichia. Tergite IX with shoulder-like posterior margin. Anal point slightly swollen in the distal 1/3, sharp at the apex, with median ridges but without lateral setae. Anal tergite bands Y-shaped, slightly flat at the bottom. Superior volsella present, bearing 4 strong setae and microtrichia. Gonocoxite with an obvious projection in distal portion of inner margin, bearing 2-3 strong setae and microtrichia; Gonostylus swollen-to knife-like at the middle, with sharp teeth at the apex.

Harnischia fuscimana
Abdomen (Fig. 5B, E-F). Tergite I (Fig. 5E) bare; II with posteromedian group of small points; III-VI with transverse, posterior band of spinules; VII with a pair of anterior patches fine shagreen; VIII with a pair of anterior and posterolateral patches of shagreen. Hook row widely interrupted medially. Conjunctives bare. Pedes spurii A present on segment IV; pedes spurii B present on segment I and II. Sternite I (Fig.  5B) with spinose anterolateral tubercles. Segment VIII without posterolateral comb or spur. Segment II-IV with 3 strong L setae; V-VII with 4 LS setae, VIII with 5 LS setae.

Harnischia japonica
Distribution. China (Fujian, Shandong, Guangxi); Korea; Japan; Russian Far East. Diagnostic characters. Thorax yellow with dark brown spots; AR 0.98, frontal tubercles absent; postrior margin of tergite IX triangular and cone-like; anal point constricted at base and swollen distally, with median ridges, bearing setae and microtrichia; anal tergite bands V-shaped, slightly flat at bottom; a fusion of gonostylus and gonocoxite obviously constricted, gonostylus straight, rod-like, both sides almost parallel, round and blunt at apex, without conspicuous short setae in inner margin.
Remarks. This species can easily be separated from other known pupa of Harnischia species by the following characters: sternite I with a pair of spinose anterolateral tubercles, dark and well developed; tergites III-VI with narrow posterior robust spines; hook row medially interrupted; segment II-IV with 2 L setae situated on tubercles; anal lobe with complete fringe of 68-72 lamelliform setae.