Shield of pupa of Cassida sphaerula Boheman, 1853 (Cassidini) 87 host leaf chewed by beetles, with one larva and two pupae (dorsal views; upper one with exuvio-faecal shield; lower one with exuviae-only shield) 88 posterior view showing exuvial-faecal shield (of instars I–IV) attached to caudal processes of instar V exuviae 89 ventral view showing complete instar V exuvia and exuvio-faecal shield (photographs: S. Adam, September 2021).

 
 
  Part of: Chaboo CS, Adam S, Nishida K, Schletzbaum L (2023) Architecture, construction, retention, and repair of faecal shields in three tribes of tortoise beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cassidinae: Cassidini, Mesomphaliini, Spilophorini). In: Chaboo CS, Schmitt M (Eds) Research on Chrysomelidae 9. ZooKeys 1177: 87-146. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1177.102600