Architecture, construction, retention, and repair of faecal shields in three tribes of tortoise beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cassidinae: Cassidini, Mesomphaliini, Spilophorini)


	Life stages of Cassida sphaerula Boheman, 1853 (Cassidini) 65 instar I, neonate 66 instar II, with faeces on caudal processes 67 mature larva with faeces + exuviae shield 68 pupa with entire larval shield (faeces + exuviae) 69 pupa with shield comprised of only 5th instar exuvia 70 adult (photographs: S. Adam, September 2021).

Part of: Chaboo CS, Adam S, Nishida K, Schletzbaum L (2023) Architecture, construction, retention, and repair of faecal shields in three tribes of tortoise beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cassidinae: Cassidini, Mesomphaliini, Spilophorini). In: Chaboo CS, Schmitt M (Eds) Research on Chrysomelidae 9. ZooKeys 1177: 87-146. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1177.102600