Pariaconus gracilis and Pariaconus minutus immatures. A–FP. gracilis: A 4th instar B detail of marginal setae (5th instar) C 4th instar abdomen indicating position of anal ring (stained) D antenna and tarsi E anal ring (5th instar) F 1st instar with detail of marginal sectasetae (inset) G–PP. minutus: G 5th instar with anal ring detail (inset below) and marginal and dorsal sectasetae detail (inset right) (form minutus) H 2nd instar with marginal sectasetae detail (inset) I tarsi and antenna J 1st instar with detail of fan-shaped sectasetae (inset) K eggs scattered on upper leaf margin L, M, N raised gall tissue around empty pits on upper leaf surface: L pale coloured M red coloured N orange coloured O immatures inside pits on upper leaf surface P detail of immature seated in pit.