Palumbina grandiunca and its host plant. A host plant: Toxicodendron succedaneum (Anacardiaceae) B infected young petiole C initial small hole on young petiole D small holes after the larva leave from the petiole E larva feces inside the infected petiole F leaf cut by larva G larval case attached to leaf surface H leaf cases I larva inside its leaf case J young pupa K pupa L pupal exuvia left by an emerged adult.