Howaia mogera A male palp (holotype), ventral view B same, retrolateral view C same, ventro-prolateral view D same, dorsal view E female epigyne ventral view (specimen from Tokyo area) F same after dissection, shape variation G vulva, dorsal view H habitus of male (specimen from Tokyo area) I habitus of female J cephalic area of female, frontal view. Abbreviations: Cd – copulatory duct; Co – copulatory opening; Id – insemination duct; S – spermatheca; Sc – scapus. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A–G, J); 1.0 mm (H, I).