﻿First record of the genus Catatemnus Beier, 1932 from China, with the description of six new species (Pseudoscorpiones, Atemnidae)

﻿Abstract The genus Catatemnus Beier, 1932 is reported for the first time from China and includes six new species: C.huaesp. nov. from Hainan Island, C.laminosussp. nov., C.ramussp. nov., C.scabersp. nov., and C.tengchongensissp. nov. all from Yunnan Province, and C.tibetanussp. nov. from Xizang Autonomous Region. Descriptions and illustrations of all the new species are provided.

Catatemnus Beier, 1932, one of the genera within the family Atemnidae, is currently represented by 13 species, which are widespread in Africa (Angola, Cameroon, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea, Kenya, Mayotte, Nigeria, Somalia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda and Zimbabwe), south Asia (India), and southeast Asia (Indonesia and Myanmar); none are recorded in China (WPC 2023).
The genus Catatemnus can be diagnosed as follows: carapace longer than broad, with two eyespots or no eyes, surface smooth and with a median furrow; tergites XI incompletely divided in some species and other tergites undivided; galea present and with dentations or branchlets apically; rallum composed of four blades and with one or two dentated blades; pedipalp stout, surface smooth or with granulations on prolateral surface; palpal trochanter with two well-developed granular tubercles; trichobothrium it away from fixed chelal ZooKeys 1168: 295-327 (2023), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1168.100798 Yanmeng Hou et al.: New Catatemnus pseudoscorpions from China fingertip, but distance between it and fingertip shorter to distance between ist and isb; st closer to sb than to t generally; legs moderately stout, a long tactile setae of leg IV situated near the base of tarsal segment (Beier 1932;Murthy and Ananthakrishnan 1977).
During the identification of atemnid pseudoscorpion specimens collected from 2011 to 2018, six new species belonging to Catatemnus were found, which are presented with detailed diagnoses, descriptions, and illustrations.

Materials and methods
The specimens are preserved in 75% ethanol and deposited in the Museum of Hebei University (MHBU) (Baoding, China) and the Museum of Southwest University (MSWU) (Chongqing, China).Photographs were taken with a Leica M205A stereomicroscope equipped with a Leica DFC550 camera and the LAS software v. 4.6, and the Leica M205A stereomicroscope with a drawing tube was used for drawings and measurements.The chela and the chelal hand were measured in ventral view.Detailed examination was carried out with an Olympus BX53 compound light microscope.Temporary slide mounts were made in glycerol.
Terminology and measurements mostly follow Chamberlin (1931), with some minor modifications to the terminology of trichobothria (Harvey 1992), chelicerae (Judson 2007), and male genitalia (Klausen 2005).All measurements are given in mm unless noted otherwise.
Remarks.Prior to this study, 13 species of Catatemnus have been recorded around the world, of which five come from Asia, but none have been recorded in China.The medial furrow on the carapace of Catatemnus huae sp.nov.was a little faint (but still visible) probably due to the pale body color.
Distribution.Known only from the type locality.

Catatemnus laminosus
Description.Adult male (Figs 4A, 5A-E, G-I, 6A, B, D, E-G, I-K).Color: carapace and tergites dark brown; pedipalps reddish brown, paler in trochanter; chelicerae pale yellow.Carapace (Figs 5A, 6A): 1.24× longer than broad; surface smooth, but with a medial furrow; with two distinct eyespots situated near anterior margin of carapace; anterior margin with six setae, posterior margin with seven setae, 47 in total, each seta acicular and very slightly curved; with lyrifissures on both halves.Chelicera (Fig. 6B, D): much smaller than carapace length; surface smooth; four setae (sbs absent) and two lyrifissures (exterior condylar lyrifissure and exterior lyrifissure) present on hand; movable finger with one galeal seta (shorter than others); bs and es dentate apically, is and ls long and acute.Fixed finger with six large retrorse teeth and three small apical teeth, movable finger with two large teeth; galea present, slender and apically with five dentations (Fig. 6B).Serrula interior connected to fixed finger for entire length, proximally modified to form velum, serrula exterior with 27 or 29 lamellae, the basal one longest; lamina exterior present.Rallum composed of four blades, the basal two blades shorter than others, the distal one dentated anteriorly, remainder smooth (Fig. 6D).Pedipalp (Figs 5B-D, 6G, K): slightly stout, trochanter 1.80×, femur 2.46×, patella 2.02×, chela with pedicel (without pedicel) 2.68× (2.43×), hand with pedicel (without pedicel) 1.71× (1.46×) longer than broad; movable chelal finger 0.57× (0.67×) longer than hand with pedicel (without pedicel) and 0.37× (0.41×) longer than chela with pedicel (without pedicel).Setae generally long and acuminate.Retrolateral surface of trochanter and hand, prolateral surface of patella, femur, and hand granular; trochanter with a rounded ventral tubercle and a well-developed conical dorsal tubercle.Fixed chelal finger with eight trichobothria, movable chelal finger with four trichobothria: eb and esb situated at base of fixed finger on retrolateral face, esb slightly distal to eb; ib and isb situated at base of fixed finger on prolateral face, isb slightly distal to ib; est in the middle of fixed finger; et near sub-distal of fixed finger; est closer to et than to esb; it slightly distal to est and proximal to et; ist situated proximal to est and distal to isb; it closer to ist than to fingertip; distance between ist and isb twice that of ist and it; b and sb situated at base of movable finger on retrolateral face; t in the middle of movable finger and at same level as est; sb closer to b than to st; st midway between t and sb (Fig. 6G).Venom apparatus only present in fixed chelal finger, venom ducts curved and short, terminating in inflated nodus ramosus between et and est.Both chelal fingers with a row of acute teeth, spaced contiguously along the margin, slightly rounded proximally: fixed chelal finger with 26 or 28 teeth, with 12 sense spots between esb and est; movable chelal finger with 30 or 33 teeth (nearly as large as teeth on fixed chelal finger), basal half with ten sense spots; without accessory teeth (Fig. 6G).Femur without long tactile setae.Movable chelal finger slightly curved in lateral view (Figs 5B,6G).Opisthosoma: typical, all setae long and acuminate, setal bases distinct larger; pleural membrane longitudinally striate, without setae.Tergites I and XI undivided and other tergites incompletely divided, tergal chaetotaxy I-XI: 8: 8: 8: 12: 13: 7-8: 7-7: 8-7: 8-9: 8-8 (14 + 2T): 16 (14 + 2T).Sternites incompletely divided, sternal chaetotaxy IV-XI: 6-5: 8-9: 8-8: 7-7: 7-8: 8-8: 8-8 (14 + 2T): 14 (10 + 4T).Anus (tergite XII and sternite XII) without raised rim.Anterior genital operculum with 18 setae, posterior margin with nine setae.Male genitalia (Figs 5E, 6I, J): the distal part (l) of lateral apodemes with a distinctive inner ridge curved into semicircle; the hooked branch (br) bowed distally and terminated in a plate-like tip; the proximal part with a distinct dark sclerotized bar (c); the longitudinal fold of medial diverticula (d) with a projection midway along its length, forming a digitiform bulge; the ejaculatory canal atrium (e) not well-developed, curved distally; the lateral rods (f) long and diverging proximally; the tip of dorsal apodeme (g) completely joined; the ventral diverticulum (h) bilobed; genital atrium without genital setae.Legs (Figs 5G-I, 6E, F): typical, fairly smooth, slightly stout; junction between femora and patellae I and II oblique.Femoropatella of leg IV 2.74× longer than deep; tibia 3.43× longer than deep; with basal tactile setae on tarsal segment: tarsus 4.23× longer than deep (TS = 0.11); subterminal tarsal setae arcuate and acute.Arolium slightly shorter than claws, not divided; claws smooth.
Remarks.Catatemnus laminosus sp.nov.can be distinguished from C. birmanicus by the trait of eyespots (with two distinct eyespots vs with two faint eyespots) and the traits of tergites (e.g., tergite III incompletely divided vs with trace of a division); from C. concavus by the trait of eyespots (with two distinct eyespots vs with two faint eyespots) and the traits of pedipalps (the dorsal surface of femur and hand almost smooth vs with minute and low granules everywhere except on fingers); from C. monitor by the trait of eyespots (with two distinct eyespots vs no eyespots visible) and the shorter legs (♂) (e.g., tibia of leg IV 3.43× vs 3.88× longer than broad, length 0.72 mm vs 0.84 mm; tarsus of leg IV 4.23× vs 5.00×, length 0.55 mm vs 0.63 mm); from C. nicobarensis by the trait of eyespots (with two distinct eyespots vs with two indistinct eyespots) and the traits of the palpal trochanter (anterior surface granular vs smooth or almost  smooth); from C. thorelli by the trait of furrow on the carapace (distinctly curved vs almost straight) and the traits of pedipalps (surface of all segments (except chelal fingers) more or less granular vs surface of palps smooth; chelal hand (with pedicel) 1.71× vs 1.68× longer than broad, length 1.08 mm vs 1.25 mm) (Thorell 1889;Balzan 1891;With 1906;Beier 1932).
Distribution.Known only from the type locality.

Catatemnus ramus
Description.Adult males (Figs 7A, 8A-E, G-I, 9A-C, E-I, K, M).Color: anterior half of carapace yellowish brown, paler in posterior half; pedipalps reddish brown, paler in female; tergites brown, paler in legs; remainder yellow.Carapace (Figs 8A, 9A): 1.25× longer than broad; surface smooth, but with a medial furrow; with two distinct eyespots situated near anterior margin of carapace; anterior margin with four setae, posterior margin with eight or nine setae, 34 or 35 in total, each seta acicular and very slightly curved; more lyrifissures on posterior margin.Chelicera (Figs 9B, C, E): much smaller than carapace length; surface smooth; four setae (sbs absent) and two lyrifissures (exterior condylar lyrifissure and exterior lyrifissure) present on hand; movable finger with one galeal seta (shorter than others); bs and es dentate apically, is and ls long and acute.Fixed finger with five large retrorse teeth and two or three small apical teeth, movable finger with one large teeth; galea present, shorter and with seven or eight branchlets (Fig. 9C).Serrula interior connected to fixed finger for entire length, proximally modified to form velum, serrula exterior with 26 lamellae, the basal one longest; lamina exterior present.Rallum composed of four blades, the basal two blades shorter than others, the distal two dentated anteriorly, remainder smooth (Fig. 9E).Pedipalp (Figs 8B-D, 9F, G): stout, trochanter 1.52-1.59×,femur 2.59-2.76×,patella 1.93-1.94×,chela with pedicel (without pedicel) 2.49-2.66×(2.31-2.45×),hand without pedicel 1.37-1.44×longer than broad; movable chelal finger 0.56-0.61×(0.63-0.71×) longer than hand with pedicel (without pedicel).Setae generally long and acuminate.Retrolateral surface of trochanter, prolateral surface of patella, surface of femur and hand granular; trochanter with a rounded ventral tubercle and a well-developed conical dorsal tubercle.Fixed chelal finger with eight trichobothria, movable chelal finger with four trichobothria: eb and esb situated at base of fixed finger on retrolateral face, esb slightly distal to eb; ib and isb situated at base of fixed finger on prolateral face, isb slightly distal to ib; est in the middle of fixed finger; et near sub-distal of fixed finger; est closer to et than to esb; it slightly distal to est and proximal to et; ist situated proximal to est and distal to isb; it closer to ist than to fingertip; distance between est and esb nearly equal to that of ist and isb; b and sb situated at base of movable finger on retrolateral face; t in the middle of movable finger and at same level as est; sb closer to b than to st; st midway between t and sb (Fig. 9G).Venom apparatus only present in fixed chelal finger, venom ducts curved and short, terminating in inflated nodus ramosus between et and est, closer to et.Both chelal fingers with a row of acute teeth, spaced contiguously along the margin, slightly rounded proximally: fixed chelal finger with 25 teeth; movable chelal finger with 32 teeth (nearly as large as teeth on fixed chelal finger), basal half with ten sense spots; without accessory teeth (Fig. 9G).lae I and II oblique.Femoropatella of leg IV 2.82-2.83×longer than deep; tibia 3.55-3.80×longer than deep; with basal tactile setae on tarsal segment: tarsus 4.14-4.15×longer than deep (TS = 0.09-0.11);subterminal tarsal setae arcuate and acute.Arolium slightly longer than claws, not divided; claws smooth.
Distribution.Known only from the type locality.

Catatemnus
Description.Adult males (Figs 10A, 11A-E, G-I, 12A-C, E, F, H, I, K-M).Color: carapace and tergites dark brown; pedipalps reddish brown, but paler in trochanter; legs pale yellow.Carapace (Figs 11A, 12A): 1.16-1.33×longer than broad; surface smooth, but with a medial furrow; with two distinct eyespots situated near anterior margin of carapace; anterior margin with six setae, posterior margin with eight setae, each seta acicular and very slightly curved.Chelicera (Fig. 12B, C, E): much smaller than carapace length; surface smooth; four setae (sbs absent) and two lyrifissures (exterior condylar lyrifissure and exterior lyrifissure) present on hand; movable finger with one galeal seta (shorter than others); bs and es dentate apically, is and ls long and acute.Fixed finger with five large retrorse teeth and two or three small apical teeth, movable finger with one large teeth; galea present, shorter and with seven or eight branchlets (Fig. 12C).Serrula interior connected to fixed finger for entire length, proximally modified to form velum, serrula exterior with 26 lamellae, the basal one longest; lamina exterior present.Rallum composed of four blades, the basal two blades shorter than others, the distal two dentated anteriorly, remainder smooth (Fig. 12E).Pedipalp (Figs 11B-D, 12K, M): stout, trochanter 1.62-1.79×,femur 2.38-2.65×,patella 2.08-2.11×,chela with pedicel (without pedicel) 2.76-2.83×(2.51-2.60×),hand with pedicel (without pedicel) 1.65-1.73×(1.41-1.50×)longer than broad; movable chelal finger 0.64-0.67×(0.74-0.78×) longer than hand with pedicel (without pedicel) and 0.39-0.40×(0.42-0.44×) longer than chela with pedicel (without pedicel).Setae generally long and acuminate.Retrolateral surface of trochanter, surface of femur and hand granular; trochanter with two inconspicuous tubercles.Fixed chelal finger with eight trichobothria, movable chelal finger with four trichobothria: eb and esb situated at base of fixed finger on retrolateral face, esb slightly distal to eb; ib and isb situated at base of fixed finger on prolateral face, isb slightly distal to ib; est in the middle of fixed finger; et near sub-distal of fixed finger; est closer to et than to esb; it slightly distal to est and proximal to et; ist situated proximal to est and distal to isb; it closer to ist than to fingertip; distance between est and esb farther to that of ist and isb; distance between it and fingertip shorter to distance between ist and isb; b and sb situated at base of movable finger on retrolateral face; t in the middle of movable finger and at same level as est; sb closer to b than to st; st midway between t and sb (Fig. 12M).Venom apparatus only present in fixed chelal finger, venom ducts curved and short, terminating in inflated nodus ramosus between et and est, closer to et.Both chelal fingers with a row of acute teeth, spaced contiguously along the margin, slightly rounded proximally: fixed chelal finger with 23 or 25 teeth; movable chelal finger with 32 teeth (nearly as large as teeth on fixed chelal finger); without accessory teeth (Fig. 12M).Femur without long tactile setae.Movable chelal finger slightly curved in lateral view (Figs 11B,12M).Opisthosoma: typical, all setae long and acuminate, setal bases distinct larger; pleural membrane longitudinally striate, without setae.Tergites I-III and XI undivided and other tergites incompletely divided, tergites I-III each with nine setae, uniseriate; other tergites with 13 setae, biseriate; tergites X and XI each with a pair of tactile setae.Sternites completely divided, each half sternites with seven or eight setae; sternites X and XI each with two pairs of long tactile setae.Anus (tergite XII and sternite XII) without raised rim.Anterior genital operculum with 18 setae.Male genitalia (Figs 11E, 12F, L): the distal part (l) of lateral apodemes with a distinctive inner ridge curved into semicircle; the hooked branch (br) bowed distally and termi-   on the dorsal part); from C. monitor by the trait of eyespots (with two distinct eyespots vs no eyespots visible) and the stouter pedipalps (e.g., palpal femur (♂) 2.38-2.65×vs 2.25×, (♀) 2.44-2.50×vs 2.27× longer than broad, length (♂) 0.76-0.82mm vs 1.01 mm, (♀) 0.75-0.78mm vs 0.95 mm); from C. nicobarensis by the trait of eyespots (with two distinct eyespots vs with two indistinct eyespots) and the traits of the palpal trochanter (anterior surface granular vs smooth or almost smooth); from C. thorelli by the traits of pedipalps (surface of all segments except chelal fingers granular vs surface of palps smooth; palpal femur 2.38-2.65×vs 2.40× longer than broad, length 0.76-0.82mm vs 1.15 mm; movable finger teeth length 0.53-0.54mm vs 0.70 mm) (Thorell 1889;Balzan 1891;With 1906;Beier 1932).
Distribution.Known only from the type locality.

Catatemnus tengchongensis
Description.Adult male (Figs 13A, 14A-D, F-I, 15A, B, D-H, J).Color: carapace dark brown, slightly paler in tergites and sternites; pedipalps reddish brown, but paler in trochanter; legs pale yellow.Carapace (Figs 14A, 15A): 1.20× longer than broad; surface smooth, but with a medial furrow; with two distinct eyespots situated near anterior margin of carapace; anterior margin with five setae, posterior margin with eight setae, each seta acicular and very slightly curved.Chelicera (Fig. 15B, D): much smaller than carapace length; surface smooth; four setae (sbs absent; es shorter than others) and two lyrifissures (exterior condylar lyrifissure and exterior lyrifissure) present on hand; movable finger with one galeal seta (shorter than others); bs and es dentate apically, is and ls long and acute.Fixed finger with seven unequally sized teeth, movable finger with two large teeth; galea present, shorter with two small branchlets and two dentations (Fig. 15B).Serrula interior connected to fixed finger for entire length, proximally modified to form velum, serrula exterior with 25 lamellae, the basal one longest; lamina exterior present.Rallum composed of four blades, the basal two blades shorter than others, the distal two dentated anteriorly, remainder smooth (Fig. 15D).Pedipalp (Figs 14B-D, 15G, J): stout, trochanter 1.77×, femur 2.59×, patella 1.95×, chela with pedicel (without pedicel) 2.72× (2.51×), hand with pedicel (without pedicel) 1.66× (1.45×) longer than broad; movable chelal finger 0.64× (0.74×) longer than hand with pedicel (without pedicel) and 0.39× (0.42×) longer than chela with pedicel (without pedicel).Setae generally long and acuminate.All segments (except chelal fingers) with fine granulations; trochanter with an inconspicuous ventral tubercle and a well-developed conical dorsal tubercle.Fixed chelal finger with eight trichobothria, movable chelal finger with four trichobothria: eb and esb situated at base of fixed finger on retrolateral face, esb slightly distal to eb; ib and isb situated at base of fixed finger on prolateral face, isb slightly distal to ib; est in the middle of fixed finger; et near sub-distal of fixed finger; est midway between et and esb; it slightly distal to est and proximal to et; ist situated proximal to est and distal to isb; it closer to ist than to fingertip; distance between est and esb farther to that of ist and isb; distance between it and fingertip nearly equal to distance between ist and isb; b and sb situated at base of movable finger on retrolateral face; t in the middle of movable finger and at same level as est; sb closer to b than to st; st closer to sb than to t (Fig. 15G).Venom apparatus only present in fixed chelal finger, venom ducts curved and short, terminating in inflated nodus ramosus between et and est.Both chelal fingers with a row of acute teeth, spaced contiguously along the margin, slightly rounded proximally: fixed chelal finger with 24 teeth; movable chelal finger with 28 teeth (nearly as large as teeth on fixed chelal finger); without accessory teeth (Fig. 15G).Femur without long tactile setae.Movable chelal finger slightly curved in lateral view (Figs 14B,15G).Opisthosoma: typical, all setae long and acuminate; pleural membrane longitudinally striate, without setae.Tergites incompletely divided, tergal chaetotaxy I-XI: 10: 8: 5: 11: 13: 14: 15: 15: 17: 17(13 + 4T): 12(10 + 2T).Sternites X and XI undivided and other sternites divided, sternal chaetotaxy IV-XI: 5-5: 8-8: 8-8: 7-8: 7-7: 7-7: 18: 16; sternites X and XI each with two pairs of long tactile setae.Anus (tergite XII and sternite XII) without raised rim.Anterior genital operculum with five or seven setae on each side, posterior margin with eight setae.Legs (Figs 14G-I, 15E, F): generally typical, fairly smooth, slightly stout; junction between femora and patellae I and II oblique.Femoropatella of leg IV 2.80× longer than deep; tibia 3.86× longer than deep; with basal tactile setae on tarsal segment: tarsus 3.55× longer than deep (TS = 0.10); subterminal tarsal setae arcuate and acute.Arolium slightly shorter than claws, not divided; claws smooth.
Remarks.Catatemnus tengchongensis sp.nov.can be distinguished from C. birmanicus by the smaller body size (♂) (e.g., body length 2.73 mm vs 4.27 mm; palpal femur 2.59× vs 2.44× longer than broad, length 0.75 mm vs 1.09 mm; movable chelal finger length 0.50 mm vs 0.78 mm) and the trait of eyespots (with two distinct eyespots vs with two faint eyespots); from C. concavus by the trait of eyespots (with two distinct eyespots vs with two faint eyespots), the stouter pedipalps (♀) (e.g., palpal femur 2.42-2.52×vs 2.29× longer than broad, length 0.75-0.78mm vs 0.90 mm) and the traits of the three first tergites (regularly convex from the one side to the other vs with a descending lateral portion, perpendicular on the dorsal part); from C. monitor by the trait of eyespots (with two distinct eyespots vs no eyespots visible) and the stouter pedipalps (e.g., palpal femur (♂) 2.59× vs 2.25×, (♀) 2.42-2.52×vs 2.27× longer than broad, length (♂) 0.75 mm vs 1.01 mm, (♀) 0.75-0.78mm vs 0.95 mm); from C. nicobarensis by the trait of eyespots (with two distinct eyespots vs with two indistinct eyespots) and the traits of the palpal trochanter (anterior surface granular vs smooth or almost smooth); from C. thorelli by the trait of furrow on the carapace (distinctly curved vs almost straight) and the traits of pedipalps (surface of all segments except chelal fingers granular vs surface of palps smooth; palpal femur 2.59× vs 2.40× longer than broad, length 0.75 mm vs 1.15 mm; movable chelal finger teeth length 0.50 mm vs 0.70 mm) (Thorell 1889;Balzan 1891;With 1906;Beier 1932).
Distribution.Known only from the type locality.
Etymology.Named after the type locality, Tengchong (Yunnan).♂).This new species is characterized by: two distinct developed eyespots, 1.32× longer than broad; palpal slightly stout, femur 2.44×, chela with pedicel 2.82×, chela without pedicel 2.62× longer than broad; distance between ist and isb farther to distance between est and esb; retrolateral surface of trochanter, prolateral surface of patella, femur and hand and base of chelal fingers granular.

Catatemnus tibetanus
Description.Adult male (female unknown) (Figs 16,17).Color: anterior half of carapace and pedipalps reddish brown, posterior half of carapace yellowish brown; tergites brown.Carapace (Figs 16B, 17A): length distinctly longer than breadth (1.32×); anterior half darker than posterior half; surface smooth, but with a medial furrow; with two distinct eyespots situated near anterior margin of carapace; anterior margin with four setae, posterior margin with eight setae, 40 in total, each seta acicular and very slightly curved.Chelicera (Fig. 17B-D): much smaller than carapace length; surface smooth; four setae (sbs absent; es shorter than others) and two lyrifissures (exterior condylar lyrifissure and exterior lyrifissure) present on hand; movable finger with one galeal seta; bs dentate apically, is and ls long and acute.Fixed finger with five large retrorse teeth and two or three small apical teeth, movable finger with a long broadly rounded subapical lobe; galea present, short and apically with five branchlets (Fig. 17C).Serrula interior connected to fixed finger for entire length, proximally modified to form velum, serrula exterior with 27 lamellae, the basal one longest; lamina exterior present.Rallum comprising four blades, the basal two blades shorter than others, the distal one dentated anteriorly, remainder smooth (Fig. 17D).Pedipalp (Figs 16C-E, 17E, F): stout, trochanter 1.74×, femur 2.44×, patella 1.98×, chela with pedicel (without pedicel) 2.82× (2.62×), hand without pedicel 1.50× longer than broad; movable chelal finger 0.66× longer than hand with pedicel.Setae generally long and acuminate.Retrolateral surface of trochanter, prolateral surface of patella, femur, and hand granular; trochanter with two well-developed conical tubercles.Fixed chelal finger with eight trichobothria, movable chelal finger with four trichobothria: eb and esb situated at base of fixed finger on retrolateral face, esb slightly distal to eb; ib and isb situated at base of fixed finger on prolateral face, isb slightly distal to ib; est in the middle of fixed finger; et near sub-distal of fixed finger; est midway between et and esb; it distal to est and proximal to et; ist situated very slightly distal to est; it closer to ist than to fingertip; distance between est and esb shorter to that of ist isb; b and sb situated at base of movable finger on retrolateral face; t in the middle of movable finger and at same level as est; sb closer to b than to st; st midway between t and sb (Fig. 17F).Venom apparatus only present in fixed chelal finger, venom ducts curved and short, terminating in inflated nodus ramosus between et and est.Both chelal fingers with a row of acute teeth, spaced contiguously along the margin, slightly rounded proximally: fixed chelal finger with 26 teeth; movable chelal finger with 32 teeth (nearly as large as teeth on fixed chelal finger); without accessory teeth (Fig. 17F).Sense spots absent; femur without long tactile setae.Movable chelal finger straight in lateral view (Figs 16E,17F).Opisthosoma: typical, surface irregular grid decoration, all setae long and acuminate.Pleural membrane longitudinally striate, without setae.Tergites I-III and XI undivided, tergal chaetotaxy I-XI: 8: 7: 9: 6-6: 6-6: 6-5: 7-6: 6-7: 7-5:   smooth, slightly stout; junction between femora and patellae I and II oblique.Femoropatella of leg IV 2.67× longer than deep; tibia 3.53× longer than deep; with basal tactile setae on tarsal segment: tarsus 3.82× longer than deep (TS= 0.11); subterminal tarsal setae arcuate and acute.Arolium slightly shorter than claws, not divided; claws smooth.
Remarks.Catatemnus tibetanus sp.nov.can be distinguished from C. birmanicus by the smaller body size (♂) (e.g., body length 3.34 mm vs 4.27 mm; palpal femur length 0.83 mm vs 1.09 mm; movable chelal finger length 0.56 mm vs 0.78 mm) and the trait of eyespots (with two distinct eyespots vs with two faint eyespots); from C. concavus by the trait of eyespots (with two distinct eyespots vs with two faint eyespots) and the traits of pedipalps (the dorsal surfaces of femur and hand almost smooth vs with minute low granules everywhere except on fingers); from C. monitor by the trait of eyespots (with two distinct eyespots vs no eyespots visible) and the stouter pedipalps (♂) (e.g., palpal femur 2.44× vs 2.25× longer than broad, length 0.83 mm vs 1.01 mm); from C. nicobarensis by the trait of eyespots (with two distinct eyespots vs with two indistinct eyespots) and the traits of the palpal trochanter (anterior surface granular vs smooth or almost smooth); from C. thorelli by the trait of furrow on the carapace (distinctly curved vs almost straight) and the stouter pedipalps (e.g., palpal femur 2.44× vs 2.82× longer than broad, length 0.83 mm vs 0.96 mm; movable chelal finger teeth length 0.56 mm vs 0.70 mm) (Thorell 1889;Balzan 1891;With 1906;Beier 1932).
Distribution.Known only from the type locality.
Etymology.Named after the type locality, Tibet (China).

Figure 2 .
Figure 2. Catatemnus huae sp.nov., holotype male (A-E, G-I), paratype female (F) A carapace (dorsal view) B left chela (lateral view) C left chelal fingers (lateral view) D left pedipalp (dorsal view) E male genital area (ventral view) F female genital area (ventral view) G tarsus of left leg IV (lateral view) H left leg I (lateral view) I left leg IV (lateral view).Scale bars: 0.20 mm (B, D, H, I); 0.10 mm (A, C, E-G).

Figure 5 .
Figure 5. Catatemnus laminosus sp.nov., holotype male (A-E, G-I), paratype female (F) A carapace (dorsal view) B left chela (lateral view) C left chelal fingers (lateral view) D left pedipalp (dorsal view) E male genital area (ventral view) F female genital area (ventral view) G tarsus of left leg IV (lateral view) H left leg I (lateral view) I left leg IV (lateral view).Scale bars: 0.50 mm (A, C, D, F, I); 0.20 mm (B, E, G, H).

Figure 11 .
Figure 11.Catatemnus scaber sp.nov., holotype male (A-E, G-I), paratype female (F) A carapace (dorsal view) B left chelal fingers (lateral view) C left chela (lateral view) D left pedipalp (dorsal view) E male genital area (ventral view) F female genital area (ventral view) G tarsus of left leg IV (lateral view) H left leg I (lateral view) I left leg IV (lateral view).Scale bars: 0.50 mm (A, C, D); 0.20 mm (B, E-I).

Figure 14 .
Figure 14.Catatemnus tengchongensis sp.nov., holotype male (A-D, F-I), paratype female (E) A carapace (dorsal view) B left chelal fingers (lateral view) C left chela (lateral view) D left pedipalp (dorsal view) E female genital area (ventral view) F male genital area (ventral view) G tarsus of left leg IV (lateral view) H left leg I (lateral view) I left leg IV (lateral view).Scale bars: 0.50 mm (A, C, D); 0.20 mm (B, E-I).

Figure 16 .
Figure 16.Catatemnus tibetanus sp.nov., holotype male A habitus (dorsal view) B carapace (dorsal view) C left pedipalp (dorsal view) D left chela (lateral view) E left chela fingers (lateral view) F genital area (ventral view) G tarsus of left leg IV (lateral view) H left leg I (lateral view) I left leg IV (lateral view).Scale bars: 1.00 mm (A); 0.20 mm (B-I).