Corresponding author: Jiang-Li Tan (
Academic editor: M. Sharkey
Four new species of the genus
Tan JL, Achterberg C van, Tan QQ, Chen XX (2016) Four new species of
The family
The specimens were mainly collected by hand net or sweep netting, rarely in Malaise traps during 2015. Specimens from Shaanxi were directly stored in 70% ethanol, prepared using the AXA method (van
Measurements ( = antesternal carina
For comparison of head shapes it is essential that the middle of the vertex is in plane of objective of binocular microscope. For the other terminology, see
Entomology Collection,
College of Life Sciences,
Parasitic
1 | Ovipositor present (a); antenna with 14 segments (b) (females) |
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– | Ovipositor absent (aa); antenna with 13 segments (bb) (males); [if males are unknown the species is provisionally included, see Materials and methods] |
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2 | Apex of ovipositor sheath entirely blackish or dark brown, OR, if narrowly pale apically, then white, ivory or brownish yellow part at most 0.3 times as long as hind basitarsus (a); (intermediate species are included in both alternatives) |
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– | Apex of ovipositor sheath distinctly white or ivory (but rarely pale brown) and pale part 0.3–8.0 times as long as hind basitarsus (aa) |
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3 | Ovipositor sheath 0.6–1.9 times as long as hind tibia and 0.3–1.2 times as long as hind tibia and tarsus combined (a); incision of hypopygium shallow, V-shaped and extending to apical 0.2 (b); occipital carina obsolescent to narrowly lamelliform medio-dorsally (c) |
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– | Ovipositor sheath 3.0–7.0 times as long as hind tibia and 1.9–4.0 times as long as hind tibia and tarsus combined (aa); incision of hypopygium often deep and slit-like and extending to apical 0.3–0.5 (bb); occipital carina obsolescent (c) or distinctly lamelliform (cc) medio-dorsally |
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4 | Malar space in anterior view 0.5–0.6 times length of pedicellus and 0.4–0.6 times basal width of mandible and mandibular condylus distinctly below lower level of eyes (a); in lateral view condylar incision of malar space remains far removed from eye (b); ovipositor sheath 0.4–0.9 times as long as hind tibia (c); first discal cell of fore wing usually suddenly narrowed (d) |
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– | Head in anterior view slightly protruding below lower level of eyes by less than half basal width of mandible and mandibular condylus near lower level of eyes (aa); in lateral view condylar incision of malar space close to eye (bb); ovipositor sheath 0.8–2.7 times as long as hind tibia (cc); first discal cell of fore wing usually gradually narrowed (dd) |
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5 | Clypeus with rather large shallow depression (a); mesoscutum densely reticulate-rugulose or -rugose (b); hind basitarsus stout (c); apical antennal segment 1.4–1.6 times third antennal segment (d) |
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– | Clypeus with small depression or depression obsolescent (aa); mesoscutum mainly densely coriaceous or rugulose (bb); hind basitarsus slender (cc), rarely similarly stout; apical antennal segment at most 1.2 times as long as third antennal segment (dd) |
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6 | Mesoscutum coarsely (often “crater”-like) punctate (a); head distinctly emarginate medio-posteriorly (b); head less protruding in lateral view (c) and narrower in anterior view (d) |
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– | Mesoscutum predominantly densely coriaceous, at most with some shallow punctures (aa); head truncate medio-posteriorly or nearly so (bb); head more protruding in lateral view (cc) and wider in anterior view (dd) |
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7 | Hind tibia about as long as hind femur and trochanter combined or slightly longer (a); head somewhat longer in dorsal (b) and lateral (c) view; head directly narrowed behind eyes in dorsal view (d) |
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– | Hind tibia 1.1–1.2 times as long as hind femur and trochanter combined (aa); head somewhat shorter in dorsal (bb) and lateral (cc) view; head roundly narrowed behind eyes in dorsal view (dd) |
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8 | Hind tibia comparatively slender (a); side of pronotum slender and with narrow and weakly crenulated grooves (b); propleuron granulate antero-dorsally (c); [hind basitarsus slender; vertex distinctly punctulate or very finely coriaceous] |
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– | Hind tibia distinctly inflated (aa); side of pronotum robust and with wider and distinctly crenulated grooves (bb); propleuron rugulose or coriaceous antero-dorsally (cc) |
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9 | Mandible dark brown or reddish brown basally (a), rarely brownish yellow; basal depression of mandible rather large and deep (b); fifth (= pre-apical) sternite dark brown or blackish or narrowly pale medio-apically (c) |
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– | Mandible pale yellow basally (aa); basal depression of mandible often smaller and shallower (bb); fifth sternite yellowish brown medio-apically (cc) |
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10 | Vertex matt or with satin sheen and densely coriaceous (a); mesoscutum densely coriaceous and without indication of punctures (b); head gradually narrowed posteriorly in dorsal view (c); antero-ventral tooth of pronotum absent or indistinct (d); [third antennal segment 1.5–1.7 times as long as pedicellus; ovipositor sheath only with short fine setae] |
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– | Vertex shiny and punctulate (aa); mesoscutum with some fine punctures (bb); head directly narrowed posteriorly in dorsal view (cc); antero-ventral tooth of pronotum distinct (dd); [occipital carina distinct medio-dorsally] |
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11 | Apical half of ovipositor sheath with dense and adpressed setosity (a); sculpture of mesoscutum distinctly coarser than that of vertex (b); ovipositor sheath 1.1–1.3 times as long as hind tibia (c); head more narrowed behind eyes in dorsal view (d) |
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– | Apical half of ovipositor sheath with erect bristles, angled at about 45º (aa); sculpture of mesoscutum slightly coarser than that of vertex (bb); ovipositor sheath 0.7–1.0 times as long as hind tibia (cc); head less narrowed in dorsal view (dd) |
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12 | Head longer and directly narrowed in dorsal view (a); posteriorly vertex moderately convex in lateral view (b); metasoma mainly black or dark brown (c); tegula dark brown (d) |
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– | Head shorter and less directly narrowed in dorsal view (aa); vertex flattened in lateral view (bb); metasoma with distinctly yellowish pattern (cc); tegula yellow (dd) |
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13 | Head not protruding below eyes (a) and malar space 0.3 times length of second antennal segment and 0.2 times basal width of mandible and mandibular condylus close to lower level of eyes (b); hind basitarsus rather stout and at least partly ivory dorsally (c); hind tibia dark ventrally, similar to colour dorsally (d); mesoscutum somewhat coarser sculptured (e) |
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– | Head somewhat protruding below eyes (aa) and malar space 0.5 times length of second antennal segment and 0.4 times basal width of mandible and mandibular condylus below lower level of eyes (bb); hind basitarsus slender and entirely dark brown dorsally (cc); hind tibia ventrally paler than dorsally (dd); mesoscutum finely sculptured (ee) |
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14 | Vertex with reversed V-shaped emargination medio-posteriorly (a), flat (b) |
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– | Vertex truncate medio-posteriorly (aa) or reversed U-shaped emarginate (aaa), shorter and moderately convex (bb); |
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15 | Head rather elongate and below eyes slightly enlarged, minimum length of malar space 0.3–0.4 times second antennal segment (a); head distinctly reversed U-shaped emarginate medio-posteriorly (b); mandible brown (c); hind tarsus brownish apically, paler than basally (d); [apex of ovipositor sheath ivory; first metasomal tergite orange or yellowish brown] |
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– | Head less elongate and below eyes not enlarged, minimum length of malar space 0.1–0.2 times second antennal segment (aa); head shallowly emarginate medio-posteriorly (bb); if intermediate (bbb) then mandible brownish yellow (cc); apically hind tarsus dark brown as basally (dd); [apex of ovipositor sheath dark brown or black] |
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16 | Hind tibia slender (a); hind femur black or blackish brown (b); middle lobe of mesoscutum finely sculptured (c); scapus ventrally and third antennal segment black (d); [length of ovipositor sheath 3–6 times as long as hind tibia; scutellum coriaceous] |
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– | Hind tibia distinctly inflated (aa); hind femur orange brown to dark brown (bb); middle lobe of mesoscutum punctate or punctate-rugose (cc); scapus ventrally paler than third antennal segment or both dark brown (dd) |
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17 | Middle lobe of mesoscutum transversely wrinkled (a); apex of ovipositor sheath ivory (b); apical half of hypopygium largely blackish (c); [ovipositor sheath about 3 times as long as hind tibia] |
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– | Middle lobe of mesoscutum coriaceous between punctures (aa); apex of ovipositor sheath blackish (bb); apical half of hypopygium brown (cc) or yellowish brown; [ovipositor sheath 4–6 times as long as hind tibia] |
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18 | Apex of ovipositor sheath ivory, brownish-yellow or brown and pale part 0.3–1.0 times as long as hind basitarsus (a); mesosoma sparsely setose laterally (b); hind femur dark brown or brown (c); [ovipositor sheath 4.8–6.0 times as long as hind tibia] |
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– | Apex of ovipositor sheath mainly dark brown (aa), pale part at most 0.3 times as long as hind basitarsus; mesosoma densely setose laterally (bb); hind femur orange or reddish brown (cc); [head darker than mesoscutum anteriorly] |
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19 | Ovipositor sheath 3.1–4.4 times as long as hind tibia (a); mesoscutum often bicoloured (b); vertex densely setose (c); mesosoma largely or entirely black laterally (d); [hind femur and tibia (except basally) similarly coloured, orange brown or dark brown] |
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– | Ovipositor sheath about 7.0 times as long as hind tibia (aa); mesoscutum unicoloured (bb); vertex sparser setose (cc); mesosoma dark reddish or orange brown laterally (dd) |
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20 | Ventral half of outer side of hind tibia dark brown or blackish except well differentiated subbasal ivory part (a); basal half of hind coxa mainly transversely rugose dorsally (b); apex of ovipositor sheath dark brown (c); propleuron, mesoscutum and pronotum similarly dark brown (d) |
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– | Outer side of hind tibia partly reddish brown and ivory subbasal part less defined (aa); basal half of hind coxa superficially coriaceous dorsally (bb); apex of ovipositor sheath ivory or brownish yellow (cc); mesoscutum and pronotum distinctly paler than propleuron (dd) |
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21 | Head with comparatively wide medial depression in front of occipital carina and with pair of lateral depressions (a); occipital carina wide lamelliform (b); medially mesoscutum distinctly transversely punctate-rugulose (c) |
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– | Head flat or evenly convex in front of occipital carina (aa), |
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22 | Ovipositor sheath comparatively wide and about 0.9 times as long as hind tibia, 0.3 times as long as metasoma and 0.2 times as long as body (a); middle lobe of mesoscutum rather protuberant in lateral view (b); pronotal tooth slender and acute |
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– | Ovipositor sheath comparatively narrow and 1.1–9.0 times as long as hind tibia, 0.6–2.8 times as long as metasoma and 0.4–1.4 times as long as body (aa); middle lobe of mesoscutum less protuberant in lateral view (bb); if convex (bbb) then pronotal tooth wider and rather blunt (cc) |
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23 | Ovipositor about 0.4 times as long as body and 0.6 times as long as metasoma (a); hind coxa very slender (b); ovipositor widened apico-ventrally and more or less angularly up curved apically in dead specimens (c) |
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– | Ovipositor 0.8–1.4 times as long as body and 1.2–1.9 times as long as metasoma (aa); hind coxa slightly less slender (bb); ovipositor narrow apico-ventrally and nearly straight or gradually up curved apically (cc) |
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24 | Pale apical part of ovipositor sheath 3.0–3.5 times as long as hind basitarsus (a); vertex shiny and largely smooth or finely punctulate (b); fourth antennal segment 1.7–2.3 times as long as third antennal segment (c); mesoscutum more or less coarsely spaced punctate or punctate-rugose medio-posteriorly (d) |
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– | Pale apical part of ovipositor sheath 0.3–3.2 times as long as hind basitarsus (aa); |
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25 | Hind femur and tibia widened (a); hind basitarsus robust (b); head slightly narrowed in dorsal view (c); head slender in anterior view (d) and face narrower than clypeus (e); hind basitarsus entirely dark brown (f); [ovipositor sheath about 1.4 times as long as body and 8.5 times as long as hind tibia] |
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– | Hind femur and tibia slender (aa); hind basitarsus slender (bb); head in dorsal view distinctly narrowed (cc); head in anterior view subglobular (dd), |
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26 | Mesoscutum punctulate between rather coarse punctures (a); head slimmer in anterior view (b); [pale apical part of ovipositor sheath up to about 0.3 times as long as hind basitarsus; metasoma entirely orange or yellowish brown, at most darkened apically; ovipositor sheath 1.0–1.3 times as long as body] |
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– | Mesoscutum coriaceous between punctures (aa) or coriaceous-punctulate; head in anterior view less slender (bb) |
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27 | Mesosoma dorsally (a), hind coxa (b) and femur (c) reddish or orange brown; hind basitarsus mainly ivory (d) |
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– | Mesosoma dorsally black (aa), hind coxa (bb), hind femur (cc) and hind basitarsus (dd) dark brown |
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28 | Pale apical part of ovipositor sheath 0.3–1.0 times as long as hind basitarsus (a); occipital carina non-lamelliform medio-dorsally (b) |
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– | Pale apical part of ovipositor sheath 1.1–3.2 times as long as hind basitarsus (aa); occipital carina narrow lamelliform medio-dorsally (bb), |
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29 | Anterior half of mesoscutum normally coriaceous and with distinct punctures (a); head dorsally with satin sheen and micro-sculptured (b); head slightly narrowed in dorsal view (c) |
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– | Anterior half of mesoscutum very finely and densely coriaceous, without (aa) or with punctures (aaa), rarely very finely transversely rugulose; head dorsally more or less shiny and smooth (bb), at most very finely punctulate; head directly narrowed posteriorly in dorsal view (cc) |
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30 | Occipital carina fine and non-lamelliform dorsally (a); vertex in front of occipital carina without depression (b); head rather stout in dorsal view (c); mesoscutum at most punctulate, usually hardly or not punctate (d) |
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– | Occipital carina narrow lamelliform dorsally (aa); vertex in front of occipital carina with indistinct depression (bb); head slimmer in dorsal view (cc); mesoscutum more or less punctate (dd) |
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31 | Mesoscutum moderately punctate (a); hind coxa rather robust basally (b); white or ivory apical part of ovipositor sheath 1.4–2.2 times as long as hind basitarsus (cc); [hind basitarsus often partly ivory] |
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– | Mesoscutum at most finely punctate (aa); hind coxa slimmer basally (bb); white or ivory apical part of ovipositor sheath 2.1–3.2 times as long as hind basitarsus (cc) |
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32 | Vertex with distinct medio-posterior depression or a groove with two minute tubercles in front of distinctly lamelliform occipital carina (a); mesoscutum medially transversely or obliquely rugulose, in large specimens transversely rugose (b); occipital carina wide lamelliform (c) |
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– | Vertex flat or evenly convex in front of occipital carina (aa), |
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33 | Clypeus with rather large shallow depression (a); hind basitarsus rather stout (b); mesoscutum reticulate or rugose (c); [head and scapus more or less orange or reddish-brown, but sometimes entirely black] |
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– | Clypeus with small depression or depression obsolescent (aa); hind basitarsus often slimmer (bb) or mesoscutum coriaceous or rugulose (cc) |
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34 | Head in anterior view distinctly protruding below lower level of eyes (a), in lateral view condylar incision of malar space remains distinctly removed from eye, malar area behind indentation square and at least 0.8 times as long as second antennal segment (= pedicellus) and 0.7–0.9 times basal width of mandible (b); mesoscutum densely coriaceous and matt, similar to vertex (c) |
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– | Head in anterior view hardly protruding below lower level of eyes (aa), in lateral view condylar incision of malar space close to eye and malar area behind indentation transverse and 0.3–0.5 times as long as second antennal segment and 0.2–0.3 times basal width of mandible (bb); |
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35 | Mesoscutum only coriaceous or finely rugulose medially (a), at most with a few shallow punctures; [ |
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– | Mesoscutum with several distinctly impressed punctures medially (aa; but often shallow in |
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36 | Hind tibia slender, hardly to moderately inflated (a); mesoscutum often very finely and regularly sculptured (b) |
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– | Hind tibia distinctly inflated (aa); mesoscutum mainly densely coriaceous or irregularly rugulose (aa), especially near notauli (bb) |
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37 | Mesoscutum distinctly regularly transversely rugulose (a); hind tibial spurs yellowish and distinctly contrasting with dark hind basitarsus (b) |
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– | Mesoscutum mainly finely coriaceous or superficially irregularly rugulose (aa); hind tibial spurs more or less brown and less contrasting with hind basitarsus (bb) |
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38 | Fourth antennal segment 2.5–3.5 times as long as third segment (a); face rather narrow (b) |
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– | Fourth antennal segment 1.4–1.7 times as long as third segment (aa; unknown of |
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39 | Fourth antennal segment about 3.5 times as long as third segment (a); second and third antennal segments robust (b); hind femur and tibia slender (c) |
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– | Fourth antennal segment about 2.5 times as long as third segment (aa); second and third antennal segments slender (bb); hind femur and tibia rather robust (cc) |
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40 | Head strongly convex in lateral and anterior view (a); head long in dorsal view (b); hind coxa and tibia rather robust (c) |
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– | Head moderately convex in lateral and anterior view (aa); head rather short in dorsal view (bb); hind coxa and tibia slender (cc) |
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41 | Mandible largely dark brown (a); hind coxa and femur elongate (b) |
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– | Mandible yellowish brown (aa); hind coxa and femur less elongate (bb); [occipital carina non-lamelliform medio-dorsally] |
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42 | Frons and vertex shiny and smooth (a); mesoscutum rugose medio-posteriorly (b) and near notauli (c) |
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– | Frons and vertex matt or with satin sheen, micro-sculptured (aa); mesoscutum coriaceous or rugulose near notauli (bb) and medio-posteriorly rugulose (cc) or mainly punctate |
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43 | Mandible pale yellowish basally (a); apex of paramere yellowish brown (b); apical metasomal sternites yellowish posteriorly (c) |
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– | Mandible brown, dark brown or black basally (aa); apex of paramere dark brown or blackish (bb); apical metasomal sternites dark brown or black posteriorly (cc) |
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44 | Head longer and rather trapezoid in dorsal view (a); hind tibia broadly darkened basally (b) |
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– | Head shorter and transverse in dorsal view (aa); hind tibia yellowish or narrowly darkened basally (bb) |
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45 | Hind tibia strongly inflated (a); head less narrowed posteriorly in dorsal view (b); basal antennal segments slightly more robust (c) |
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– | Hind tibia less inflated (aa); head slightly more narrowed posteriorly in dorsal view (bb); basal antennal segments slightly slimmer (c) |
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46 | Mesoscutum distinctly more coarsely sculptured than vertex (a); head directly narrowed behind eyes (b); malar space short (c) |
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– | Mesoscutum slightly more coarsely sculptured than vertex (aa); head less narrowed behind eyes (bb); malar space more or less enlarged (cc) |
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47 | Posteriorly vertex flat in lateral view and long (a); head smooth and shiny dorsally (b); head moderately narrowed posteriorly (c); mesosoma laterally often paler than dorsally (d) |
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– | Posteriorly vertex convex in lateral view and usually shorter (aa); sculpture of head dorsally variable (bb), if smooth (bbb) them more narrowed posteriorly (cc); mesosoma usually unicoloured (dd) or dorsally paler than laterally |
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48 | Hind coxa orange brown or dark brown (a); mesoscutum rather densely setose (b); metasoma largely reddish brown (c); [mandible orange yellow or yellowish brown; mesoscutum finely or coarsely punctate and often with narrow interspaces] |
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– | Hind femur black (aa); mesoscutum less densely setose (bb); metasoma often largely dark brown or black (cc) |
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49 | Mesoscutum finely punctate, with rather wide interspaces (a); hind tibia yellowish brown or indistinctly infuscate basally (b); apical half of hind basitarsus partly dark brown and only apically ivory (c) |
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– | Mesoscutum coarsely punctate and interspaces narrower (aa); hind tibia distinctly dark brown basally (bb); apical half of hind basitarsus mainly ivory (cc) |
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50 | Basal half of hind coxa rugose dorsally (a); outer side of hind tibia (except basally) dark brown or blackish (b); head subtruncate posteriorly in dorsal view (c) |
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– | Basal half of hind coxa superficially coriaceous dorsally (aa); ventral half of outer side of hind tibia orange-brown (bb); head emarginate posteriorly in dorsal view (cc) |
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51 | Third antennal segment robust (a); ventral half of pronotal side largely superficially coriaceous to nearly smooth, only grooves crenulated (b); pronotum partly densely setose (c) |
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– | Third antennal segment slender (aa); ventral half of pronotal side largely moderately reticulate-rugose, at most ventrally coriaceous (bb); pronotum sparsely setose (cc) |
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52 | Malar space narrow (a); head less emarginate medio-posteriorly (b); mesoscutum usually with less coarse sculpture (c); scutellum mainly micro-sculptured (d), at most with few large punctures |
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– | Malar space slightly wider (aa); head distinctly emarginate medio-posteriorly (bb); mesoscutum with coarser sculpture (cc); scutellum coarsely punctate (dd) |
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53 | Hind tibia distinctly inflated (a); head directly narrowed posteriorly in dorsal view (b); third antennal segment slender, 1.6–1.9 times as long as second segment (c); [mesoscutum distinctly “crater-like” punctate; head concave medio-posteriorly] |
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– | Hind tibia slender (aa); head usually gradually narrowed posteriorly in dorsal view (bb); third antennal segment robust, 1.2–1.7 times as long as second segment (cc) |
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54 | Hind tibia strongly inflated (a); third antennal segment less slender (b) |
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– | Hind tibia moderately inflated (aa); third antennal segment slender (bb) |
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55 | Occipital carina moderately wide (a); vertex distinctly convex (b); [middle lobe of mesoscutum coarsely punctate laterally] |
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– | Occipital carina narrow lamelliform or non-lamelliform (aa); vertex comparatively flat (bb) |
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56 | Occipital carina narrow lamelliform (a) and slightly depressed in front of it medio-dorsally (b); mesoscutum less coarsely punctate (c) |
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– | Occipital carina less or non-lamelliform (aa) and flat medio-dorsally (bb); mesoscutum more or less coarsely punctate (cc) |
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57 | Head slightly enlarged below eyes in anterior view (a); medium-sized punctures of mesoscutum not connected to form transverse elements (b); lateral lobe of mesoscutum largely finely coriaceous and rather matt, more or less punctate (c) |
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– | Head not enlarged below eyes in anterior view (aa); large punctures of mesoscutum connected to transverse rugae or part of reticulation (bb); lateral lobe of mesoscutum more coarsely coriaceous or rugose and with satin sheen (cc) |
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1♂ (
Holotype, ♀ (
Runs in
Holotype, female, length of body 9.9 mm, of fore wing 4.9 mm.
China (Shaanxi). Montane: 1095 m.
Unknown. Collected JuneAugust.
Named after the bicoloured hind tibia in both sexes (“bi” is Latin for “two”).
Holotype of
(after Johansson and van Achterberg submitted) Head in dorsal view subparallel-sided behind eyes (Fig.
Unknown. Collected May-July.
Holotype, ♀ (
The new species runs in the key by
Holotype, female, length of body 12.5 mm, of fore wing 6.0 mm.
China (Shaanxi).
Unknown, but the new species was collected together with a
Named after Huang Shi Gong (supposed teacher of the early Han general Zhang Liang), because the specimens were collected outside the hall with Huang Shi Gong’s statue at the Zhang Liang Temple.
2♀ (
The lectotype female of
2♀ (
The East Palaearctic specimens provisionally identified as
Holotype ♀ (
Runs in
Holotype, female, length of body 10.0 mm, of fore wing 6.2 mm.
China (Shaanxi).
Unknown.
Named after the rugulose (“wrinkled”) sculpture of the middle lobe of the mesoscutum: “pannuceus” is Latin for “wrinkled”.
Holotype, ♀ (
Runs in
Holotype, female, length of body 13.1 mm, of fore wing 5.9 mm.
China (Ningxia, Inner Mongolia).
Unknown.
Named after the collector, Prof. Dr Mao-Ling Sheng, for his contribution of our knowledge of Chinese parasitoid
1♀ (
Known in China from Jilin, Zhejiang, Taiwan and Tibet; new for Shaanxi.
Thanks are due to Prof. Mao-ling Sheng (Shenyang) for the much appreciated gift of material from Inner Mongolia and Ningxia to the first author and to Prof. Masahiro Ohara (Sapporo) for the loan of the Watanabe types. The research was supported jointly by the Foundation for Key University Teachers by the Ministry of Education (No. 2011697505), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, No. 31201732, 31572300), the foundation of Shaanxi Educational Committee (No. 11JK0614), the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (No. 20116101120001), the National Science Foundation for Fostering Talents in Basic Research of NSFC (No. J12100063) and the Opening Foundation of Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in western China (