Corresponding author: Cindy M. Assumpção (
Academic editor: J. Maldonado
The Quaternary in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (
Assumpção CM, Quintela FM, Corrêa F, Loebmann D (2016) The ichthyofauna of limnic systems in Quaternary deposits of extreme southern Brazil. ZooKeys 638: 85–104.
The Quaternary in the state of Rio Grande do Sul
In relation to the ichthyofauna, limnic systems enclosed in
The west margin of the Patos Lagoon is characterized by the presence of Pleistocene-Holocene sedimentary deposits, with the predominance of silty-clayey sand (
Four main geological formations from the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil. The study area (Quaternary deposits) as well as previous studies used in Dice Similarity Index analysis is entirely inserted in Coastal Plain. Key:
Fishes were sampled in four marginal swamps: swamp 1 (S1)
The ichthyofauna of the study area was sampled seasonally during the year of 2010 with the use of a 5 m long, 2 m high seine net with a 5 mm mesh between adjacent nodes. We applied an effort of three seines by seasonal sampling campaign in each swamp, totalizing an effort of 48 seines. Captured individuals were euthanized in clove oil solution, fixed in 10% formalin, preserved in 70% ethanol and housed in the Fish Reference Collection of the Instituto de Ciências Biológicas at the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande
Aiming to evaluate similarities on species composition between the study area assemblage and other fish assemblages recorded in Dice Similarity Index Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Means Analysis of Similarity
Finally, we compiled data regarding fish species recorded in limnic systems of
A total of 4,206 individuals was captured in the four marginal-lacustrine swamps sampled. They were distributed in nine orders, 18 families, 31 genera and 42 species.
Checklist of fish species recorded in limnic systems of Quaternary deposits in Rio Grande do Sul State. References: 1) = present study
Taxon | Habit | References | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
|
||||
|
||||
M,E | 10, 28 | |||
M | 10 | |||
E, L | 8, 10, 13, 14, 18, 25, 26, 28, |
|||
M, E | 10 | |||
|
||||
|
||||
M, E | 10 | |||
|
||||
|
||||
E,L | 10 | |||
|
||||
|
||||
M | 10 | |||
|
||||
|
||||
M,E,L | 10, 25 | |||
M,E,L | 10, 25 | |||
M,E,L | 10, 25, 28, |
|||
|
||||
M | 10 | |||
M,E | 8, 10, 24, 25, |
|||
|
||||
|
||||
L | 26 | |||
|
||||
L | 13, 14, 18, 24, 26 | |||
L | 1, 8, 10, 13, 14, 15, 18, 24, 26, |
|||
L | 1, 2, 8, 10, 13, 14, 15, 18, 24, 25, 26, 28, |
|||
L | 21, |
|||
L | 1, 8, 10, 13, 14, 18, 25, 28, |
|||
L | 21 | |||
L | 28 | |||
L | 13, 14, 18, 28 | |||
L | 1, 8, 13, 14, 18, 24, 26, 28, |
|||
L | 1, 10, 13, 14, 15, 18, 24, 25, 26, 28, |
|||
L | 1, 2, 10, 14, 15, 18, 24, 25, 26, 28, |
|||
L | 1, 10, 13, 14, 15, 18, 24, 26, 28, |
|||
L | 24, 28 | |||
L | 1, 2, 10, 13, 14, 15, 24, 25, 26, 28, |
|||
L | 1, 2, 10, 13, 14, 18, 24, 25, 26, 28, |
|||
L | 2, 8, 10, 13, 14, 15, 18, 24, 25, 26, 28, |
|||
L | 1, 2, 10, 13, 14, 18, 24, 25, 26, 28, |
|||
L | 26, |
|||
L | 13, 18, 28 | |||
L | 10, 24, 25, 26, 28 | |||
L | 1, 26 | |||
L | 1, 2, 8, 10, 13, 14, 15, 18, 24, 25, 26, 28, |
|||
L | 1, 2, 8, 10, 13, 14, 18, 25, 26, 28, |
|||
L | 1, 10, 13, 14, 24, 26, 28, |
|||
L | 14 | |||
|
||||
L | 14, 26 | |||
L | 3, 24, 23, 28, |
|||
L | 3, 10, 13, 14, 18, 23, 24, 28, |
|||
L | 28 | |||
L | 14, 18, 28 | |||
|
||||
L | 1, 10, 14, 24, 26, 28 | |||
L | 1, 2, 8, 10, 13, 14, 18, 24, 26, 28, |
|||
L | 1, 24, 26, 28, |
|||
|
||||
L | 1, 2, 8, 10, 13, 14, 18, 24, 25, 26, 28, |
|||
|
||||
L | 1, 14, 26 | |||
|
||||
|
||||
M,E | 10, 28 | |||
|
||||
L | 28 | |||
L | 13, 14, 28 | |||
|
||||
L | 26 | |||
L | 8, 13, 14, 18, 24, 26 | |||
|
||||
L | 1, 10, 13, 24, 25, 26, 28 | |||
L | 1, 2, 8, 10, 13, 14, 15, 18, 24, 25, 26, 28, |
|||
L | 1,26 | |||
L | 1, 10, 13, 14, 18, 24, 25, 26, 28, |
|||
L | 14 | |||
|
||||
L | 1, 2, 13, 24, 25, 26, 28 | |||
L | 28 | |||
L | 26 | |||
L | 1, 2, 10, 13, 14, 18, 24, 26, |
|||
L | 1, 28 | |||
L | 1, 2, 8, 10, 13, 14, 15, 18, 24, 25, 26, 28, |
|||
|
||||
L | 14, 28 | |||
L | 28, |
|||
L | 26 | |||
L | 23, 24, 28 | |||
L | 28 | |||
L | 2, 13, 18, 24 | |||
L | 28 | |||
L | 1, 13, 14, 18, 26, 28 | |||
L | 1, 8, 13, 14, 18, 24, 26, 28 | |||
L | 26, 28 | |||
L | 28 | |||
L | 13, 14, 18, 24, 28 | |||
L | 1, 13, 18, 28 | |||
L | 1, 8, 26 | |||
L | 28 | |||
L | 14,18, 28 | |||
|
||||
L | 13, 18, 28 | |||
L | 13, 14, 18, 28 | |||
|
||||
L | 26 | |||
L | 2, 13, 14, 18, 28 | |||
|
||||
L | 28 | |||
L | 1, 13, 14, 18, 24, 28 | |||
|
||||
|
||||
L | 28 | |||
L | 29 | |||
L | 1, 13,14 | |||
|
||||
L | 24, 28 | |||
L | 16, 20, 26, |
|||
L | 22, 24, 26, 28, |
|||
|
||||
L | 1, 2, 10, 13, 14, 24, 26, 28 | |||
|
||||
|
||||
E,L | 2, 10, 13, 14, 15, 18, 24, 25, 26, 28, |
|||
|
||||
E,L | 2, 10, 13, 15, 18, 26, 28 | |||
E,L | 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 18,24, 25, 26, 28, |
|||
L | 17 | |||
L | 10, 11, 26, |
|||
E,L | 1, 26 | |||
|
||||
L | 19, 26 | |||
L | 12, 14 | |||
L | 4, 12, 21 | |||
L | 6, 12 | |||
L | 12, 21 | |||
L | 4, 12, 15, 24 | |||
L | 12 | |||
L | 4, 12 | |||
L | 21 | |||
L | 9 | |||
L | 12, 15, 27 | |||
L | 5, 27 | |||
L | 2, 5, 13, 15, 21, 28, |
|||
L | 5, 27 | |||
L | 14 | |||
|
||||
|
||||
M,E | 10, 24, 26, |
|||
L | 13, 18 | |||
M,E,L | 10, 26, |
|||
L | 7, 26 | |||
M,E,L | 13, 18, 26 | |||
L | 13, 18 | |||
E,L | 7, 8, 26 | |||
L | 13, 18 | |||
L | 7, 26 | |||
L | 18 | |||
|
||||
|
||||
M,E | 10 | |||
M,E | 10 | |||
M | 10, 25 | |||
M | 10 | |||
|
||||
M,E,L | 10 | |||
|
||||
M,E,L | 10 | |||
M,E,L | 25 | |||
|
||||
M,E | 25 | |||
|
||||
M,E | 10 | |||
|
||||
M,E | 10, 25 | |||
L | 14 | |||
M,E | 10 | |||
M | 10 | |||
|
||||
M | 10 | |||
M | 10 | |||
|
||||
|
||||
L | 1, 2, 10, 13, 14, 18, 24, 25, 28, |
|||
L | 10, 13, 14, 18, 24, 25, 26, 28, |
|||
L | 1, 2, 8, 10, 13, 14, 18, 24, 25, 26, 28, |
|||
L | 26 | |||
L | 8, 13, 18, 28 | |||
L | 1, 2, 8, 10, 13, 14, 18, 24, 25, 26, 28, |
|||
L | 1, 13, 14, 18, 26, 28 | |||
L | 1, 26 | |||
L | 1, 13, 14, 18, 24, 26, 28 | |||
|
||||
|
||||
M,E,L | 10, 25 | |||
M,E,L | 10, 25 | |||
|
||||
E,L | 10 | |||
E,L | 10, 13, 18, 24, 25, 26, |
|||
M,E,L | 10 | |||
|
||||
|
||||
M,E,L | 10 | |||
M,E | 10, 24 | |||
|
||||
|
||||
L | 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 24, 25, 26, 28, |
Values of Dice Similarity Index (Rio Grande coastal streams; (Tapes (Corrientes Stream; (Lagoa do Peixe; (Lagoa Fortaleza; (Lagoa Mangueira; (Lagoa Pequena marginal marshes; present study) (peat forest; (Cassino coastal streams; (Taim wetland; (Turuçu River basin;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
1 | 0.745 | 0.524 | 0.484 | 0.390 | 0.729 | 0.586 | 0.432 | 0.421 | 0.641 | 0.574 |
|
0.745 | 1 | 0.544 | 0.547 | 0.463 | 0.897 | 0.566 | 0.405 | 0.447 | 0.660 | 0.620 |
|
0.524 | 0.544 | 1 | 0.705 | 0.427 | 0.52 | 0.674 | 0.388 | 0.406 | 0.542 | 0.475 |
AS | 0.484 | 0.547 | 0.705 | 1 | 0.418 | 0.522 | 0.548 | 0.475 | 0.328 | 0.477 | 0.368 |
|
0.390 | 0.463 | 0.427 | 0.418 | 1 | 0.405 | 0.394 | 0.435 | 0.375 | 0.373 | 0.297 |
|
0.729 | 0.897 | 0.520 | 0.522 | 0.405 | 1 | 0.542 | 0.394 | 0.466 | 0.580 | 0.571 |
|
0.586 | 0.566 | 0.674 | 0.548 | 0.394 | 0.542 | 1 | 0.444 | 0.462 | 0.674 | 0.542 |
|
0.432 | 0.405 | 0.388 | 0.475 | 0.435 | 0.394 | 0.444 | 1 | 0.350 | 0.328 | 0.258 |
|
0.421 | 0.447 | 0.406 | 0.328 | 0.375 | 0.466 | 0.462 | 0.350 | 1 | 0.348 | 0.316 |
|
0.641 | 0.660 | 0.542 | 0.477 | 0.373 | 0.580 | 0.674 | 0.328 | 0.348 | 1 | 0.639 |
|
0.574 | 0.620 | 0.475 | 0.368 | 0.297 | 0.571 | 0.542 | 0.258 | 0.316 | 0.639 | 1 |
The dendrogram obtained from
Dendrogram generated from the values of (Rio Grande coastal streams; (Tapes (Corrientes Stream; (Lagoa do Peixe; (Lagoa Fortaleza; (Lagoa Mangueira; (Lagoa Pequena marginal marshes; present study) (Peat forest; (Cassino coastal streams; (Taim wetland; (Turuçu River basin;
The marginal-lacustrine swamps sampled in the present study host a considerable ichthyofaunistic diversity, showing a species richness within the range observed in limnic systems of
Regarding system comparisons, the assemblage of marginal-lacustrine swamps is more similar on its species composition to the assemblage of the lower course of the Corrientes Stream (
With the exception of
The compilation of bibliographic information associated to our sample data revealed a total of 156 species (114 limnic, 15 marine/estuarine/limnic, ten marine/estuarine, nine estuarine/limnic and eight marine) occurring in limnic systems inserted in
The
An analysis of the geographic distribution of species occurring in
The
In contrast, there is one group of species that is widely distributed in Brazil and in the Neotropical region and is also well distributed in the
Biogeographic hypotheses on South American ichthyofauna date back to the early twentieth century (
In conclusion, limnic systems of Quaternary
The authors are grateful to Chyntia Ibarra
List of vouchers housed in the Fish Reference Collection of FURG (