Corresponding author: Liang Tang (
Academic editor: J. Klimaszewski
The
Tang L, Liu S-Y, Niu T (2016) A revision of the
The
The specimens examined in this paper were collected by sifting leaf litters in forests and killed with ethyl acetate. For examination of the genitalia, the last three abdominal segments were detached from the body after softening in hot water. The aedeagi or the spermathecae, together with other dissected pieces, were mounted in Euparal (Chroma Gesellschaft Schmidt, Koengen, Germany) on plastic slides. Photos of sexual characters were taken with a Canon G9 camera attached to an Olympus SZX 16 stereoscope; habitus photos were taken with a Canon macro photo lens MP-E 65 mm attached to a Canon EOS 7D camera and stacked with Zerene Stacker (
The type specimens treated in this study are deposited in the following public and private collections:
Canadian National Collection of Insects, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Department of Biology, Shanghai Normal
private collection V. Puthz, Schlitz, Germany
private collection M. Schülke, Berlin, Germany
private collection A. Smetana, Ottawa, Canada
private collection Y. Watanabe, Tokyo, Japan
The measurements of proportions are abbreviated as follows:
body length, measured from the anterior margin of the clypeus to the posterior margin of abdominal tergite X
forebody length, measured from the anterior margin of the clypeus to the apex of the elytra (apicolateral angle)
width of head including eyes
width of pronotum
width of elytra
length of pronotum
length of elytra, measured from humeral angle
length of elytral suture
Brachypterous; Head black, other body parts dark brown, each elytron with a large orange spot, which is about 3/5 as long as and 1/2 as broad as the respective elytron. Antennae yellowish brown, club infuscate, maxillary palpi and legs yellowish brown.
Head 1.25–1.31 times as wide as elytra; interocular area with two deep longitudinal furrows, median portion convex, slightly extending beyond the level of inner eye margins; punctures round, mostly well delimited, slightly larger and sparser on median area than those near inner margins of eyes, diameter of large punctures about as wide as apical cross section of antennal segment II; interstices smooth, narrower than half to entire diameter of punctures except those along the midline of the convex median portion, which may be twice as wide as diameter of punctures. Paraglossa coniform.
Pronotum 1.05–1.08 times as long as wide; disk slightly uneven, with distinct median longitudinal furrow, which is about 3/5 as long as pronotum; punctures more or less confluent, slightly larger than those of head; interstices smooth, distinctly narrower than half the diameter of punctures except those at the actual middle of longitudinal furrow, which could be three times as wide as diameter of punctures.
Elytra 0.95–0.98 times as long as wide; disk relatively even; punctures more or less longitudinally confluent, slightly larger than those of pronotum; interstices smooth, distinctly narrower than half the diameter of punctures.
Legs with tarsomeres IV deeply bilobed.
Abdomen cylindrical; line-like paratergites present only in segment III, tergites and sternites totally fused in segment IV–VI, tergite VII without apical membranous fringe; punctures mostly round, becoming slightly smaller posteriad; interstices smooth, mostly narrower than diameter of punctures.
Male. Sternite VIII (Fig.
Habitus.
Habitus.
Female. Sternite VIII inconspicuously prominent at middle of posterior margin; sclerotized spermatheca (Fig.
China (Sichuan).
The species can be distinguished from other related species by the following characters: body size smaller, surfaces of pronotum and elytra rather even and ratio of
This species is named in honor of Mr. Zhong Peng who collected some specimens of the new species.
Brachypterous; head broadly black along the inner eye margins, median portion dark brown or rarely black, labrum reddish brown, rest body parts reddish brown, elytra each with trace of yellow spot at humeral impression. Antennae, maxillary palpi and legs yellowish brown except antennal club infuscate.
Head 1.03–1.07 times as wide as elytra, interocular area with two deep longitudinal furrows, median portion convex, slightly extending beyond the level of inner eye margins; punctures round, slightly confluent, slightly larger and sparser on median area than those near inner margins of eyes, diameter of large punctures about as wide as apical cross section of antennal segment II; interstices smooth, much narrower than half the diameter of punctures except those along the midline of the convex median portion, which may be twice as wide as diameter of punctures. Paraglossa coniform.
Pronotum 0.91–0.95 times as long as wide, disk uneven, with broad median longitudinal furrow throughout, two shallow impressions in anterior half, two shallow impressions in about middle, two shallow impressions in posterior half; punctures confluent, of similar size to those of head; interstices smooth, narrower than half the diameter of punctures except those at the bottom of longitudinal furrow, which could be much larger.
Elytra 0.82–0.90 times as long as wide; disk moderately even with indistinct longitudinal humeral impression, indistinct postero-lateral impression and indistinct long sutural impression, suture moderately convex; punctation strongly and longitudinally confluent; interstices smooth, very narrow and ridge-like.
Legs with tarsomeres IV deeply bilobed.
Abdomen cylindrical; paratergites very narrow and punctate, present only in segment III, tergites and sternites totally fused in segment IV–VI, tergite VII without apical membranous fringe; punctures gradually becoming smaller posteriad, punctures of abdominal tergites III slightly larger than those of pronotum in average; interstices smooth except sometimes traces of reticulation presented at last three tergites, narrower than the diameter of punctures on tergites III–VI.
Male. Sternite VII (Fig.
Female. Sternite VIII entire; spermatheca (Fig.
China (Sichuan).
The species can be distinguished from other related species except
The specific name is derived from the type locality of this species.
Similar to
Male. Sternite VII (Fig.
Female. Sternite VIII entire; sclerotized spermatheca (Fig.
China (Sichuan).
The species resembles
The specific name is a combination of the Latin words “cornic” and “ulus” after its sternite VII decorated by sharp projections.
Brachypterous; body brownish except head with interocular area somewhat darker and elytra lighter, each elytron with slender spot, which is about 1/2 as long as and 1/3 as broad as the respective elytron, sometimes they are inconspicuous. Antennae, maxillary palpi and legs yellowish brown except antennal club infuscate.
Head 1.06–1.08 times as wide as elytra; interocular area with two deep longitudinal furrows, median portion convex, reaching the level of inner eye margins; punctures round, partly confluent, slightly larger and sparser on median area than those near inner margins of eyes, diameter of large punctures about as wide as apical cross section of antennal segment II; interstices smooth, much narrower than half the diameter of punctures except those along the midline of the convex median portion, which may be twice as wide as the diameter of punctures. Paraglossa coniform.
Pronotum 1.04–1.07 times as long as wide; disk uneven, with distinct median longitudinal furrow, two impressions in anterior half, transverse impression in the middle, and two impressions in posterior half; punctures more or less confluent, of similar size to those of head; interstices partially and indistinctly reticulated, more or less narrower than half the diameter of punctures except those at the bottom of longitudinal furrow, which could be larger.
Elytra 0.98–0.99 times as long as wide; disk uneven with longitudinal humeral impression, postero-lateral impression and deep sutural impression, suture moderately convex; punctation longitudinally confluent; interstices smooth and ridge-like.
Legs with tarsomeres IV deeply bilobed.
Abdomen cylindrical; paratergites very narrow and punctate, present only in segment III, tergites and sternites totally fused in segment IV–VI, tergite VII without apical membranous fringe; punctures round, becoming slightly smaller posteriad; interstices smooth except those of last two tergites shallowly reticulated, narrower than half the diameter of punctures on tergite III–VI.
Male. Sternite VII (Fig.
Female. Sternite VIII entire; spermatheca (Fig.
China (Sichuan).
The species is similar to
This species is named in honor of Mr. Cong-Chao Dai who collected some specimens of the new species.
Brachypterous; Body reddish brown except head with interocular area blackish, each elytron with a very vague and inconspicuous small spot. Antennae, maxillary palpi and legs yellowish brown except antennal club infuscate.
Head 1.13–1.15 times as wide as elytra, interocular area with two deep longitudinal furrows, median portion convex, slightly extending beyond the level of inner eye margins; punctures round, more or less confluent, almost the same size, diameter of punctures about as wide as apical cross section of antennal segment II; interstices smooth, much narrower than half the diameter of punctures except those along the midline of the convex median portion, which may be slightly narrower than diameter of punctures. Paraglossa coniform.
Pronotum 1.02–1.05 times as long as wide; disk uneven, with broad median longitudinal furrow throughout, two impressions in anterior half each with an small outer tubercle, two impressions in about middle each with an inner tubercle, two deep impressions in posterior half each with an larger outer tubercle; punctures confluent, slightly smaller than those of head; interstices smooth, narrower than half the diameter of punctures except those at the bottom of longitudinal furrow, which could be much larger.
Elytra 0.92–0.94 times as long as wide; disk moderately uneven with distinct longitudinal humeral impression, distinct postero-lateral impression and long sutural impression, suture moderately convex; punctation and interstices similar to those of pronotum, except punctures slightly larger.
Legs with tarsomeres IV deeply bilobed.
Abdomen cylindrical; paratergites very narrow and punctate, present only in segment III, tergites and sternites totally fused in segment IV–VI, tergite VII without apical membranous fringe; punctures round, becoming slightly smaller posteriad; interstices smooth, narrower than half the diameter of punctures on tergite III–VI.
Male. Sternite VII (Fig.
Female. Unknown.
China (Sichuan).
The new species is characterized by large and dense punctation of entire body especially of abdominal tergites.
The specific name is derived from the dense punctation of abdominal tergites.
Brachypterous, reddish brown, head especially interocular area along the inner margins of eyes darker, abdomen moderately glossy. Antennae yellowish, club infuscate. Maxillary palpi yellowish. Legs reddish yellow, tarsomeres slightly infuscate.
Head 1.06–1.08 times as wide as elytra; interocular area with two deep longitudinal furrows, median portion strongly convex, distinctly extending beyond the level of inner eye margins; punctures round, well delimited on the posterior areas of furrows and distinctly confluent on the rest parts especially on median portion, diameter of large punctures about as wide as medial cross section of 2nd antennal segment; interstices between punctures smooth, distinctly narrower than half the diameter of punctures. Paraglossa coniform.
Pronotum 0.90–0.96 times as long as wide; disk conspicuously uneven, with broad and deep median longitudinal furrow which begins from the anterior margin and ends at about basal 1/5, two deep impressions in anterior half each with an outer tubercle, two distinct impressions in about middle each with an inner tubercle, two deep impressions in posterior half each with an outer tubercle; punctures round and strongly confluent, mostly slightly smaller than those on frons; interstices smooth, much narrower than half the diameter of punctures except in median furrow, which is partially reticulated and broadly impunctate.
Elytra 0.85–0.89 times as long as wide; disk uneven with deep humeral impression, distinct postero-lateral impression and deep sutural impression, median portion between humeral impression and sutural impression distinctly convex; punctation irregular, punctures confluent, slightly larger than those on pronotum; interstices smooth, much narrower than half the diameter of punctures.
Legs with tarsomeres IV strongly bilobed.
Abdomen cylindrical; paratergites very narrow and punctate, present only in segment III, tergites and sternites totally fused in segment IV–VI, tergite VII without apical membranous fringe; punctures mostly round, becoming slightly smaller posteriad; interstices smooth on the basal four tergites and more or less sculptured on the rest tergites, narrower than half the diameter of punctures on basal three tergites and narrower than diameter of punctures on the following two tergites.
Male. Seventh sternite (Fig.
Female. sternite VIII entire; valvifers (Fig.
China (Sichuan).
This new species is closely related to
The specific name is derived from the similar appearance of
Similar to
Male. Sternites VII (Fig.
Female. Sternite VIII entire; spermatheca (Fig.
China (Sichuan).
The species is similar to
The specific name is derived from the similar appearance of
Brachypterous; body reddish brown except head broadly blackish along the inner eye margins. Antennae, maxillary palpi and legs yellowish brown except antennal club infuscate.
Head 1.06–1.09 times as wide as elytra; interocular area with two deep longitudinal furrows, median portion convex, slightly extending beyond the level of inner eye margins; punctures round, slightly larger and sparser on median area than those near inner margins of eyes, diameter of large punctures about as wide as apical cross section of antennal segment II; interstices smooth, much narrower than half the diameter of punctures except those along the midline of the convex median portion, which may be 1.5 times as wide as diameter of punctures. Paraglossa coniform.
Pronotum 0.95–1.00 times as long as wide; disk uneven, with distinct median longitudinal furrow, two impressions in anterior half, transverse impression in the middle, and two impressions in posterior half; punctures partially confluent, of similar size to those of head; interstices smooth except few reticulations at the bottom of median furrow, more or less narrower than half the diameter of punctures except those at the bottom of longitudinal furrow, which may be twice as wide as diameter of punctures.
Elytra 0.89–0.93 times as long as wide; disk moderately uneven with distinct longitudinal humeral impression, distinct postero-lateral impression and long sutural impression, suture moderately convex; punctation and interstices similar to those of pronotum except punctures slightly confluent longitudinally.
Legs with tarsomeres IV deeply bilobed.
Abdomen cylindrical; paratergites very narrow and punctate, present only in segment III, tergites and sternites totally fused in segment IV–VI, tergite VII without apical membranous fringe; punctures of abdominal tergites III–VIII round, gradually becoming smaller posteriad; interstices smooth except those of last three tergites more or less shallowly reticulated, narrower than half the diameter of to the diameter of punctures.
Male. Sternite VIII (Fig.
Female. Sternite VIII inconspicuously prominent at middle of posterior margin; valvifers as in fig. 55, sclerotized spermatheca undetected.
China (Sichuan).
The new species shares the same appearance with
The specific name is derived from the type locality of this species.
Similar to
China (Sichuan).
See that of
This species is named in honor of Mr. De-Yao Zhou who collected some specimens of the new species.
Brachypterous; forebody yellowish brown except areas along the inner margins of eyes slightly darker, abdomen reddish brown. Antennae, maxillary palpi and legs reddish yellow, except antennal club infuscate.
Head 1.15–1.19 times as wide as elytra, interocular area with two deep longitudinal furrows, median portion convex, distinctly extending beyond the level of inner eye margins; punctures round, mostly well delimited, slightly larger and sparser on median area than those near inner margins of eyes, diameter of large punctures about as wide as apical cross section of antennal segment II; interstices smooth, much narrower than half the diameter of punctures except those along the midline of the convex median portion, which may be as wide as diameter of punctures. Paraglossa coniform.
Pronotum 0.98 times as long as wide, disk uneven, with distinct median longitudinal furrow, two impressions in anterior half, transverse impression in the middle, and two impressions in posterior half; punctures slightly confluent, of similar size to those of head; interstices smooth, more or less narrower than half the diameter of punctures except those at the bottom of longitudinal furrow, which could be larger.
Elytra 0.85–0.86 times as long as wide; disk moderately uneven with shallow longitudinal humeral impression, distinct postero-lateral impression and long sutural impression, suture moderately convex; punctures more or less longitudinally confluent, slightly larger than those of pronotum; interstices smooth, distinctly narrower than half the diameter of punctures.
Legs with tarsomeres IV deeply bilobed.
Abdomen cylindrical; line-like paratergites present only in segment III, tergites and sternites totally fused in segment IV–VI, tergite VII without apical membranous fringe; punctures of abdominal tergites III–VIII round to elliptic, gradually becoming smaller posteriad; interstices smooth except those of last two tergites shallowly reticulated, narrower than half the diameter of punctures.
Male. Sternite VIII (Fig.
Female. Sternite VIII entire; spermatheca (Fig.
China (Sichuan).
To distinguish the new species from other species with small body length, see characters listed in key.
The specific name is derived from the type locality of this species.
Brachypterous; body blackish with pronotum and elytra somewhat lighter, antennae, maxillary palpi and legs reddish yellow, except antennal club infuscate.
Head 1.14 times as wide as elytra; interocular area with two deep longitudinal furrows, median portion convex, reaching the level of inner eye margins; punctures round, slightly larger on posterior areas of furrows than those on rest areas, diameter of large punctures about as wide as basal cross section of antennal segment II; interstices smooth, much narrower than half the diameter of punctures except those along the midline of the convex median portion, which may be as wide as diameter of punctures. Paraglossa coniform.
Pronotum as long as wide; disk uneven, with distinct median longitudinal furrow, two impressions in anterior half, transverse impression in the middle, and two impressions in posterior half; punctures more or less confluent, of similar size to those of head; interstices faintly reticulated, more or less narrower than half the diameter of punctures except those at the bottom of longitudinal furrow, which could be three times as wide as diameter of punctures.
Elytra 0.95 times as long as wide; disk relatively uneven with shallow longitudinal humeral impression, distinct postero-lateral impression and long sutural impression, suture moderately convex; punctation and interstices similar to those of pronotum.
Legs with tarsomeres IV deeply bilobed.
Abdomen cylindrical; distinct paratergites absent, rudimentary lateral border present only on anterior half of segment III, tergites and sternites totally fused in posterior half of segment III and entire segment IV–VI; posterior margin of tergite VII without membranous fringe; punctures mostly round, becoming slightly smaller posteriad; interstices smooth except those of last three tergites shallowly reticulated, larger to much larger than diameter of punctures except those on basal impressions of basal three abdominal tergites, which could be narrower than half the diameter of punctures.
Male. Sternite VIII (Fig.
Female. Unknown.
China (Sichuan).
The new species can be readily separated from other related species by abdominal segment III fused on posterior half.
This species is named in honor of Mr. Yue-ye Tu who collected some specimens of the new species.
Brachypterous; body reddish brown except interocular area of head and abdominal segments VIII–X blackish. Antennae, maxillary palpi and legs yellowish brown except antennal club infuscate.
Head 1.15–1.21 times as wide as elytra, interocular area with two deep longitudinal furrows, median portion convex, extending beneath the level of inner eye margins; punctures round, mostly well delimited, slightly larger and sparser on median area than those near inner margins of eyes, diameter of large punctures about as wide as basal cross section of antennal segment II; interstices faintly reticulated, much narrower than half the diameter of punctures except those along the midline of the convex median portion, which may be twice as wide as diameter of punctures. Paraglossa coniform.
Pronotum 0.96–1.05 times as long as wide; disk uneven, with median longitudinal furrow throughout; punctures confluent, of similar size to large punctures of head; interstices reticulated, narrower than half the diameter of punctures everywhere.
Elytra 0.83–0.93 times as long as wide, disk moderately uneven with distinct longitudinal humeral impression, distinct postero-lateral impression and long sutural impression, suture moderately convex; punctures longitudinally confluent and slightly larger than those of pronotum; interstices faintly reticulated, narrower than half the diameter of punctures.
Legs with hind tarsi 0.73 times as long as hind tibiae, tarsomeres IV deeply bilobed.
Abdomen cylindrical; line-like paratergites present only in segment III, tergites and sternites totally fused in segment IV–VI, tergite VII without apical membranous fringe; punctures distinctly smaller than those of elytra, gradually becoming smaller posteriad; interstices smooth, wider than the diameter of punctures except some on tergites III and IV, which could be smaller.
Male. Sternite VII with week emargination at middle of posterior margin; sternite VIII (Fig.
Female. Sternite VIII slightly prominent at middle of posterior margin; spermatheca (Fig.
China (Shaanxi).
The species can be easily recognized by distinctly darkened abdominal tip and reticulated forebody.
The specific name is derived from the type locality of this species.
1 | Abdominal segment III without distinct paratergites, rudimentary lateral border present only on the anterior half, tergite and sternite entirely fused on the posterior half. Habitus: Fig. |
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– | Abdominal segment III with line-like paratergites, tergite and sternite clearly separated |
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2 | Smaller with |
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– | Larger with |
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3 | Last three abdominal segments distinctly darker than the basal segments; head, pronotum and elytra with interstices reticulated. Habitus: Fig. |
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– | Abdominal segments unicolor; head, pronotum and elytra with interstices smooth or rarely reticulated only at the bottom of longitudinal furrow of pronotum |
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4 | Head much wider than elytra with |
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– | Head less wider than elytra with |
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5 | Punctation of entire body very dense, head with interstices along the midline narrower than diameter of punctures. Habitus: Fig. |
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– | Punctation of entire body relatively sparse, head with some interstices along the midline distinctly wider than diameter of punctures |
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6 | Elytra especially sutural impression with punctation longitudinally confluent and interstices very narrow and ridge-like |
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– | Elytra especially sutural impression with punctation less confluent and interstices broader |
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7 | Robust, |
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– | Slender, |
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8 | Pronotum narrower with |
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– | Pronotum broader with |
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9 | Aedeagus (Figs |
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– | Aedeagus (Figs |
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10 | Pronotum much shorter than width with |
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– | Pronotum at most slightly shorter than width with |
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11 | Elytra much shorter than width with |
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– | Elytra at most slightly shorter than width with |
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12 | Posterior margin of male sternite IX with long median projection; spermatheca with very long basal porch. Habitus: Fig. 5 in |
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– | Posterior margin of male sternite IX with short median projection; spermatheca with short basal porch. Habitus: Fig. |
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13 | Body coloration darker with head entirely black; punctation of pronotum very confluent; interstices narrowed into rugae. Habitus: Fig. 6 in |
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– | Body coloration lighter with head brown to dark brown; punctation of pronotum less confluent; interstices mostly not narrowed into rugae. Habitus: Fig. |
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We express our sincere gratitude to dear Dr. V. Puthz (Schlitz) for his constant guidance on our study, to Dr. A. Smetana (Ottawa), Prof. Y. Watanabe (Tokyo) and Mr. M. Schülke (Berlin) for providing material, and to all the collectors mentioned in the paper.