Corresponding author: Shuqiang Li (
Academic editor: Y. Marusik
Twenty one jumping spider species from South Yunnan are reported, diagnosed, described and illustrated; 19 of them are described as new:
Cao Q, Li S, Żabka M (2016) The jumping spiders from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China (Araneae, Salticidae). ZooKeys 630: 43–104. doi:
Of 598 salticid genera and 5912 species known worldwide (
Being a border area with Vietnam, Laos and Myanmar, Yunnan shares the jumping spider taxa with those countries, of which the fauna of Vietnam is the best studied, with 56 genera and 116 species (
While studying spiders in Xishuangbanna in South Yunnan, 21 salticid species were found. The goal of this paper is to report these species, including descriptions of 19 new species and the redescriptions of two known species.
The material came from Xishuangbanna in South Yunnan (21°08'N–22°36'N, 99°56'E–101°50'E). The area belongs to the transitional zone from tropical South to subtropical East Asia (
The specimens were preserved in 95% ethanol and were examined and measured with Olympus SZX12 and BX41 microscopes. Photos were taken with an Olympus C7070 wide zoom digital camera mounted on an Olympus SZX12 stereomicroscope. The images were processed with Helicon image stacking software. Vulvae were removed and digested with lactic acid or a 10% warm solution of potassium hydroxide
anterior eye row
anterior lateral eyes
abdomen length
anterior median eyes
abdomen width
copulatory ducts
carapace length
copulatory opening
carapace width
dorsal-basal bulge
dorsal tibial apophysis
embolus
embolus base
extension of cymbium
length of eye field
fertilization ducts
hood
lamellar process
pocket
posterior extension
posterior eye row
posterior lateral eyes
posterior median eyes
prolateral process
receptacles
retrolateral bulbal bump
retrolateral process
retrolateral tibial apophysis
retrolateral ventral tibial apophysis
serration
sclerotized apophysis
seminal duct
retrolateral process
seminal duct angle
tegular apophysis
translucent duct
tegulum protrusion
ventral tibial apophysis
The leg spination pattern is given after
For 12 species the DNA barcodes were obtained for future use (the samples collected in 2006, 2007 and 2009 were not extracted successfully). A partial fragment of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase subunit I Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Voucher specimen information,
Species | Sequence length | GenBank accession number | Collecting localities in Xishuangbanna |
---|---|---|---|
629 bp |
|
Mengyang, Jinghong | |
|
629 bp |
|
Menglun, Mengla |
629 bp |
|
Menglun, Mengla | |
629 bp |
|
Menglun, Mengla | |
629 bp |
|
Menga, Jinghong | |
629 bp |
|
Mengyang, Jinghong | |
629 bp |
|
Xiaolongha, Mengla | |
629 bp |
|
Xiaolongha, Mengla | |
629 bp |
|
Menghai, Jinghong | |
629 bp |
|
Mengyang, Jinghong | |
|
629 bp |
|
Menglun, Mengla |
629 bp |
|
Menglun, Mengla |
The new species is named after Francesco Ballarin (
The male resembles
Palp of
Habitus of
Carapace brown with grey and white hairs (Fig.
Known only from the type locality.
From Latin
The male is similar to that of
Palp of
Carapace greyish-yellow (Fig.
Abdomen higher and broader than in male, other characters similar. Epigyne heavily sclerotised along the posterior margin (Fig.
Known only from the type locality.
1♂, CHINA, Yunnan, Mengla County, Menglun Town, Xishuangbanna Nature Reserve: nearby fish pond (
Differs from the closely related
Palp of
Carapace reddish-brown, lighter dorsally, ocular area dark brown (Fig.
Malaysia to Australia, Pacific Islands, and South China.
Female of
From Latin
Similar to
Palp of
Carapace dark brown with central lighter trapezoid dorsally (Fig.
Habitus of
Known only from the type locality.
The new species is named after Mr Kevin Li (=Kaiwen Li) for his assistance in field work; noun (name) in genitive case.
Cymbium twice as long as bulb (Fig.
Palp of
Carapace brown (Fig.
Known from several localities in Xishuangbanna.
The new species is named after Dr Sarah Crews for her contribution to the study of the spider family
The male resembles that of
Palp of
Carapace dark brown, margin and area around eyes dark with white hairs (Fig.
Habitus of
Known only from the type locality.
The species name is derived from the name of type locality; adjective.
The male can be distinguished from the other congeners by the broad and bifurcate embolus and the nearly rectangular tegulum (in ventral view) (Fig.
Palp of
Carapace dark brown (Fig.
Legs light brown. Spination of leg I: femur d2-1-1; tibia v2-2-2; metatarsus v2-0-2. Epigyne wider than long, with posterior projection and two pockets (Fig.
Known from several localities in Xishuangbanna.
The species name is derived from the name of type locality; adjective.
Similar to
Palp of
Carapace dark brown, tegument iridescent with a few sparse colourless setae (Fig.
Abdomen dark brown. Legs grey. Other characters similar to those of male. Epigyne: Copulatory ducts stout, receptacles kidney-shaped, with anteriorly bent translucent ducts (Fig.
Known from several localities in Xishuangbanna.
The species name is derived from the name of the type locality; adjective.
Similar to
Palp of
Carapace dark brown with short recumbent and white setae (Fig.
Abdomen dorsally greyish. Spination of leg I: femur d4-1-1; patella p0-1-0, r0-1-0; tibia v2-2-2, p1-0-1, r1-0-1, d1-1-1; metatarsus v0-2-0, d2-0-2. Other characters similar to those of male. Epigyne: dark amber clothed in creamy hairs. Epigyne with two rectangular and strongly sclerotised posterior projections (Fig.
Known from several localities in Xishuangbanna.
The species name is derived from the name of the type locality; adjective.
Similar to
Palp of
Carapace dark brown (Fig.
Carapace yellow (Fig.
Known from several localities in Xishuangbanna.
The species name derived from the name of the type locality; adjective.
Differs from all known congeners by the shape of the tegulum (prolateral large bulge and posterior translucent extension) (Fig.
Palp of
Carapace brown, covered with dense, white setae (Fig.
Habitus of
Known only from the type locality.
From Latin
Similar to
Palp of
Known only from the type locality.
The specific is named in honour of the collector Guo Zheng from Shenyang Normal University; noun (name) in genitive case.
Differs from the similar
Palp of
Carapace dark brown (Fig.
Habitus of
Known only from the type locality.
The species was collected from a
The male resembles
Palp of
Carapace dark brown (Fig.
Habitus of
Known only from the type locality.
The species name is derived from the name of the type locality; adjective.
The male resembles that of
Palp of
Carapace dark brown (Fig.
Spination of leg I: femur d0-1-0; tibia v2-2-2; metatarsus v2-0-2. Other characters similar to those of male. Epigyne with two rectangular posterior projections and central bulge formed by the copulatory ducts (Fig.
Known from several localities in Xishuangbanna.
From Latin
Similar to
Palp of
Carapace dark brown, moderately high and slightly broadened posteriorly, with white or greyish hairs and lighter mediodorsally (Fig.
Habitus of
Known from the type locality.
From Latin
Male can be distinguished from other congeners by the wrench-like structure comprising the embolus and lamellar process (Fig.
Palp of
Carapace dark brown (Fig.
Posterior part of carapace with broader white stripe of hairs than in male. Abdomen with broad, dark decorative pattern. Legs yellowish. Spination of leg I: femur d2-1-1; tibia v2-2-2-2; metatarsus v2-0-2. Other characters similar to these of male. Epigyne sclerotised along the anterior margin (Fig.
Known from two localities in Xishuangbanna.
From Chinese Pinyin
Similar to
Palp of
Carapace brown (Fig.
Habitus of
Known only from the type locality.
1♂1♀: CHINA, Yunnan, Mengla County, Menglun Town, 48 km landmark in Nature Reserve (
Male well diagnosed by
Palp of
Carapace light grey with dense setae (Fig.
Known from Gaoligong Mountains and Xishuangbanna in Yunnan, China.
From Greek prefix
Similar to
Palp of
Carapace dark brown with dense white hairs on both sides of the posterior edge (Fig.
Abdomen light brown with irregular white patches. Venter yellowish with black longitudinal stripe. Spination of leg I: femur d3-1-1; patella p0-1-0; tibia v2-2-2, p1-0-1; metatarsus v2-0-2. Other characters similar to the male. Copulatory ducts long, broad and located laterally. Receptacles long and convoluted, forming four loops. Fertilisation ducts located at the anterior part of the receptacles (Fig.
Known from several localities in Xishuangbanna.
From Latin
Similar to
Palp of
Carapace dark, moderately high and slightly broadened posteriorly (Fig.
Habitus of
Four main collection localities in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China.
Known only from the type locality.
The manuscript benefitted greatly from comments by Yuri M. Marusik (Magadan, Russia), Galina N. Azarkina (Novosibirsk, Russia) and Dmitri Logunov (Manchester, UK). Sarah Crews (Oakland, USA) kindly checked the English of the manuscript. This study was supported by the Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences (2015CASEABRI005, Y4ZK111B01) and the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (NSFC-31272280, 31471960, 31530067). MŻ’s contribution is a part of 18/91/S project supported by his university.