Corresponding author: Francisco Diogo R. Sousa (
Academic editor: A. Myers
Sousa FDR, Elmoor-Loureiro LMA, Santos S (2016) Position of the
The taxonomic status of
Likewise, the position of
Thus, our aim is to evaluate the morphological traits of
The description of the new genus was based on material collected in different localities in Brazil and Argentina (see material examined) and data from the literature (
The following abbreviations were used in the text, table and figures:
antennule
antenna
accessory seta
copulatory brush seta
endite
epipod
exopod
filter comb
gnathobasic filter plate
gnathobase
inner distal lobe
inner lobe
male seta
outer distal lobe
limbs I-IV
postabdomen
pre-epipod
sensillum
Personal collection of Francisco Diogo R. Sousa
Slides collection of the GEEA, at Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brazil
Zoological Museum of Oslo University
Zoological Museum of Moscow State University
The name “
The synapomorphies of
Main differences and similarities between genera related to
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Maximum length | 0.5 | 0.35–0.7 | 0.5–1.1 | 0.53–0.9 | 0.32–0.48 | 0.25–0.6 | 0.3–04 | 0.4–0.45 | 0.68 |
Dorsal keel | absent | absent | present | present | absent | present in one species | absent | absent | absent |
Labral denticle | absente | absent | absent | absent | absent | present in one species | absent in three species | absent | absent |
Rostrum | rounded | rounded | truncated | truncated | rounded or truncated | rounded | rounded | rounded | rounded |
Main head pores | three connected | three connected, connection interrupted or absent | three connected | three connected | absent or three connected | three connected | two connected | two connected | three connected |
Lateral head pores | minute | minute, except in one species | minute | minute | absent or minute | minute | specialized, with underneath sacks | minute | minute |
large | large | small | small | large | large | large | large | small | |
Valves – ventral margin with a distinctive rounded angle | absent | absent | absent or slightly expressed | absent | present | absent | absent | absent | absent |
Valves – length of ventral setae from anterior group/posterior group | not differentiated | anterior longer than posterior | not differentiated | anterior shorter than posterior | anterior very longer than posterior | not differentiated | anterior longer than posterior in three species | anterior longer than posterior | not differentiated |
Valves – denticles | absent | 1–2 denticles in one species | absent | absent | 1–5 large denticles | 1–2 short denticles in two species | absent | short denticles in most species | absent |
short, narrowing | short and rounded or elongated and narrow | elongated, narrowing | elongated, narrowing | elongated, narrowing | short, rounded | short, rounded | short, rounded | elongated, straight | |
short | short | short | well-developed, shorter than 2/3 of postabdominal claw | well-developed, longer 2/3 of postabdominal claw | short | short | reduced or short | short | |
well- developed | well- developed | weakly developed | well- developed | weakly developed | well- developed | well- developed | well- developed | weakly developed | |
P1 – |
well- developed | well- developed | rudimentary | rudimentary | rudimentary or absent | rudimentary or absent | absent | well- developed | absent |
P1 – |
with thin setules | with thin setules | with hard setules | with thin or hard setules | with basal denticles | with denticles or hard setules in one species | with denticles or thin setules in three species | with thin setules | with thin setules |
P1 – long anterior seta on endite 1 | absent | absent | absent | absent | absent | absent | absent | absent | present |
P2 – exopod seta | very short | short or moderated length | absent | absent | short | moderated length, rudimentary in two species | present in one species | absent | absent |
P3 – number of setae on the exopod | six | seven | six | six | six | six | six | six | six |
P4 – Number of flaming-torch | three | three | three | three | three | three | generally three, two in one species | two | three |
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six | two | two | two-six | two | absent | absent | one | unknown | |
almost parallel | parallel or narrowing | narrowing | narrowing | narrowing | almost parallel | almost parallel | almost parallel | unknown | |
up 0.4 of postabdominal claw | absent or 0.5 of postabdominal claw | 0.2–0.5 of postabdominal claw | 0.1–0.3 of postabdominal claw | up 0.5 of postabdominal claw | 0.2–0.5 of postabdominal claw | 0.1–0.3 of postabdominal claw | 0.1 of postabdominal claw | unknown | |
above of projection for claw insertion | above of projection for claw insertion | at base of postabdominal claw | above of projection for claw insertion or lateral | at base of postabdominal claw | above of projection for clauw insertion | above of projection for claw insertion | above of projection for claw insertion | unknown |
“neighborhood of São Paulo”, State of São Paulo, Brazil.
Lectotype: Parthenogenetic ♀,
Nine parthenogenetic females and one adult male from Henrique pond, Brasília National Park, Distrito Federal, Brazil (
Neotropics, from Southern U.S.A to Argentina (
Rice field at Ban Bayao Baghe Sub-district, Phannanichom District, Sakhonnakhon Province, Thailand, 01.09.2004.
Holotype: parthenogenetic female,
Malysia, Thailand (Sinev 2007;
In the redescription of
The morphology of head shield, main head pores and of some structures of the limbs are different between
Recently,
The trend in morphological radiation in the clade
The morphology of the postabdomen is the most evident trait of
Some studies observed that the male’
When evaluating the morphology of species of the
The male of
Differently from
We thank Prof. Dra. Adriana M. Güntzel (FUNDECT/MS), Dr. Jose Roberto Debastiani Junior and Biologist Lediane Pereira Diniz for providing the material of