Corresponding author: Xian-Jin Peng (
Academic editor: Shuqiang Li
The present paper deals with two new species of
Liu W, Yang S-F, Peng X-J (2016) Two new species of
While examining the specimens collected in the Gaoligong Mountains (Yunnan Province, Southwest China) by the Sino-American Expeditions (1998–2008), two new species of the genus
All specimens were kept in 75% ethanol, examined, measured, and drawn with an Olympus SZX16 stereomicroscope and an Olympus BX53 compound microscope. Photos were taken with a digital camera Canon PowerShot G12 mounted on an Olympus SZX16. Compound focus images were generated using Helicon Focus software (3.10).
All measurements are given in millimeters. Leg measurements are given as: total length (femur, patella + tibia, metatarsus, tarsus). The abbreviations used in text include:
anterior eye row
anterior lateral eyes
anterior median eyes
copulatory ducts
copulatory openings
embolus
length of eye
hood
median ocular area
posterior eye row
posterior lateral eyes
posterior median eyes
spermatheca
tibial apophysis
Females in
Palpal organ in males rather simple, with end of embolus lying in a special groove on the ventral surface of cymbium usually more or less expanded laterally. Seminal receptacle thick. Cymbium densely covered with setae. Tibial apophysis robust and heavily sclerotized. Species differ in length and shape of embolus, bulb, and cymbium.
The specific name refers to the type locality, Lushui County.
The male of the new species can be distinguished from all known congeneric species in ventral view of palpal organ by: embolus short, spatuliform; genital bulb without distinct posterior lobe; tibial apophysis extends to the top of genital bulb; embolus about 1/2 length of genital bulb. The female of the new species can be distinguished from all known congeneric species by: epigynum about circular; copulatory openings transverse.
Male palp (Figs
Epigyne (Figs
The male length 4.60–4.80 (n = 2) and the female length 4.80–5.60 (n = 4).
China (Yunnan).
The specific name is the combination of the Latin prefix “
The male of this new species can be separated from all known congeneric species in ventral view of palpal organ by: basal portion of embolus touches the margin of genital bulb; distal portion of tibial apophysis covers the posterior margin of cymbium and far away from the margin of genital bulb. The female of this new species can be separated from all known congeneric species by: epigynum about as long as wide; copulatory openings almost parentheses-shaped; hoods locate above the outside area of the copulatory openings.
Male palp (Figs
Epigyne (Figs
Localities of new
The male length 4.30–5.40 (n = 2) and the female length 4.80–5.80. (n = 3).
China (Yunnan).
We are grateful to Dr. Peter Fritsch (California Academy of Sciences) and Prof. Heng Li (Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science) for supporting the joint biodiversity survey of the Gaoligong Mountains. We thank Guo Tang and Charles Griword for collecting the specimens. Special thanks also should be given to He Lei for her kind help on specimen identification. This research was sponsored by the National Science Foundation of the USA through the grant “Biotic survey of the Gaoligongshan, a biodiversity hotspot in western Yunnan, China” (No. DEB-0103795). It is also partly supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (NSFC-30970327, 31272271, 31272272), the National Special Fund on Basic Research of Science and Technology of China (No. 2014FY110100), Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No.11JJ1004/12JJ3028), Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET-12-0717), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 20100471221/201104506), the program of Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Plans (No. 2010RS4006) and by the Hunan Provincial Program for Development of Key Disciplines in Ecology.