Corresponding author: Sergio I. Salazar-Vallejo (
Academic editor: C. Glasby
Among polychaetes, polynoids have the highest number of symbiotic species found living with a wide variety of marine invertebrates, including other polychaetes.
Salazar-Vallejo SI, González NE, Salazar-Silva P (2015)
The polychaete family
There are few detailed studies on the relationships between polynoids, and their thelepodid or terebellid hosts. From a physiological perspective,
There are no world-wide keys to species of
Some authors have dealt with the delineation of what we now regard as
In this contribution,
Centro Nacional Patagónico
El Colegio de la Frontera Sur
Colección de Referencia, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Chetumal, México
Allan Hancock Foundation Polychaete Collection, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, U.S.A
Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Museo de Zoologia, Universidad Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
Museo de Zoologia, Universidad Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
(modif.
The pattern of the presence of elytra on posterior segments in
It is unfortunate that there is no redescription for the type species of
(Modif.
1 | Body with elytrae continued through posterior segments; sometimes reduced in size in medial and posterior segments |
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– | Body with elytra limited to anterior and medial regions |
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2 | Notochaetae present |
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– | Notochaetae absent; parapodial surface usually smooth |
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3 | Lateral antennae with ceratophores as long as wide; dorsal cirri about three times longer than ventral ones (numerous segments, up to 90 pairs of elytra) |
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– | Lateral antennae with ceratophores twice as long as wide; dorsal cirri 6–7 times longer than ventral ones (reduced number of segments, 15 pairs of elytra) |
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4 | Elytra alternate with cirri in medial and posterior regions |
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– | Elytra present every third segment in medial and posterior regions |
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5 | First chaetiger with a middorsal anterior projection over prostomium; neurochaetae unidentate with two subdistal teeth; elytra smooth |
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– | First chaetiger without anterior projection; elytra with microtubercles |
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6 | Neurochaetae mostly bidentate with series of 10–20 lamellae; elytral microtubercles along exposed area |
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– | Neurochaetae only unidentates with series of about 10 tiny lamellae; elytral microtubercles scattered | |
7 | Elytrophores elongated, pedunculate; ventral cirri sometimes irregularly swollen |
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– | Elytrophores short, not transformed into peduncles; ventral cirri tapered or subdistally swollen |
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8 | Medial segments with large elytra, overlapping successive ones or approaching middorsally |
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– | Medial segments with tiny, non-overlapping elytra |
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9 | Eyes small, on prostomial upper surface; ventral parapodial surface papillate; all neurochaetae of a single type, with about 20 series of lamellae |
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– | Eyes large, on prostomial margins; ventral parapodial surface smooth; neurochaetae of three types: lamellate, denticulate and smooth |
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10 | Notochaetae present; parapodial surface smooth; neurochaetae with rows of large lamellae |
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– | Notochaetae absent; parapodial surface rugose; neurochaetae with rows of tiny lamellae |
(modif.
There was some confusion regarding the presence of notochaetae, but in the original diagnosis for
It must be emphasized that what can be regarded as the
Holotype (
Prostomium with eyes black, medium-sized (as wide as antennal width), central on prostomium; anterior eyes more separated than posterior ones (Fig.
Elytra on segments 2, 4, 5, alternating with dorsal cirri to chaetiger 26, thereafter on every three segments but last 7 segments more irregular. First pair of elytra largest, covering prostomium and middorsal region, grayish, slightly darker around junction area, laterally with a paler, thin area. Second pair of elytra blackish, oval, less than half as large as first elytra, slightly overlapping anterior elytra, not covering middorsal region, laterally with a paler, thin area. Third pair of elytra blackish, subcircular, less than half as large as second elytra, non-overlapping with previous elytra, not covering middorsal region. Following elytra with same pigmentation, progressively reducing in size, up to chaetiger 20, about twice as large as junction area.
Parapodia sub-biramous throughout body. Notopodia reduced to a projecting, digitate lobe, reducing in size posteriorly. Neuropodia projecting lobes throughout body, neurochaetal lobes truncate or rounded. Dorsal cirri with cirrophores blackish, about as long as wide, cirrostyles tapered, with long tips, longer anteriorly, slightly reducing in length and pigmentation posteriorly, about twice as long as neuropodium. Ventral cirri small, tapered, basal-half blackish, tips mucronate, arising at base of parapodia, about as long as half neuropodial length.
Notopodia without notochaetae. Neurochaetae of different size and shape. Anterior chaetigers with about 15 neurochaetae per bundle, of similar width, smaller ventrally, each with bidentate tips, accessory tooth smaller, directed distally, and 10 or more series of subdistal lamellae (Fig.
Posterior region tapered; pygidium truncate, anus dorsal. Nephridial papillae from chaetiger 9; anterior region with papillae pale, smaller along anterior body half, progressively larger and darker in posterior body half.
Pharynx (observed in some paratypes) with marginal prismatic papillae, upper ones larger, 9 upper and 9 lower. Two pairs of dark brown jaws.
This species name honors the late José María Orensanz, in recognition of his many contributions to the study of Southwestern Atlantic and Antarctic polychaetes, of his continued support of our research dreams, and for his participation in the field trip that collected the species. The specific epithet is derived from his nickname, Lobo, and is a noun in apposition.
Cerro Avanzado rocky shore, intertidal, Puerto Madryn (
Paratypes 12–64 mm long, 2–6 mm wide, 37–99 chaetigers. Smallest specimen with transverse bands restricted to anterior region; larger specimens more heavily pigmented and showing variation in the amount of spots or darkening of paler areas between successive transverse bands. Intensity of pigmentation increased in larger specimens, and in some (including holotype), posterior region had an irregular pattern probably due to imperfect regeneration, which is rather uncommon in other errant polychaetes (
Another species has been recorded from Brazil by
First,
Second,
The specimens were found in two localities in two southern Argentina Gulfs: Cerro Avanzado, Puerto Madryn, Golfo Nuevo, and San Antonio Oeste, Golfo San Matías, but might co-occur with
1 | Anterior eyes larger than posterior ones |
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– | Anterior eyes smaller or subequal to posterior ones |
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2 | Dorsal cirri subdistally swollen; ventral cirri digitate | |
– | Dorsal cirri tapered; ventral cirri basally swollen, tapered | |
3 | Dorsal cirri subdistally swollen; ventral cirri tapered, surpassing neurochaetal lobe tip; neuroaciculae falcate | |
– | Dorsal and ventral cirri tapered, ventral cirri short, not reaching neurochaetal lobe tip; neuraciculae tapered, straight |
* A junior synonym of
Emilia and Sergio wholeheartedly thank Ana Parma and the late Lobo Orensanz for housing us during one month in The Monster. Conversations and meals were wonderful, especially because we had the best wine in the world: the one shared with good friends. Leslie Harris, Pat Hutchings, Ruth Barnich and Chris Glasby carefully read an earlier draft and made many recommendations helping us improve this current version. Marcelo Fukuda (