Corresponding author: Rhainer Guillermo-Ferreira (
Academic editor: C. Peña
Butterflies and moths are found in all terrestrial environments and require efforts for a better understanding of its mega-diversity. These taxa have been the subject of several studies involving phylogeny, ecology and environmental impacts. Nevertheless, several areas in the tropics remain unexplored, resulting in gaps in the taxonomic composition and distribution of butterflies in endemic environments. Therefore, a survey of the butterfly fauna of the Bodoquena Plateau in Brazil was conducted. This area consists of tropical Atlantic Forests, with marginal influences of Savannah, Chaco and Pantanal. Sampling was carried out in 20 locations using Van Someren Rydon traps and insect nets between November 2009 and April 2015. Active collection of individuals was conducted from 9:00 to 17:00h, totaling 240 hours of sampling effort. In total, we registered 768 individuals belonging to 146 species of 98 genera, six families and 18 subfamilies.
Souza PRB, Guillermo-Ferreira R (2015) Butterflies of the Bodoquena Plateau in Brazil (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea). ZooKeys 546: 105–124. doi:
Insects occupy a prominent position in biological studies on communities and habitats conservation due to its biodiversity and role in ecological processes (
Butterflies and moths are found in all terrestrial environments and require efforts to better understand its mega-diversity (
In Brazil, foreigners made the first studies on butterflies, and the first Brazilian to conduct studies was Adolpho Mabilde, who also was the first to put together a collection of Mato Grosso do Sul State
The first studies to provide information about the butterfly fauna of
Therefore, this study aimed to assess the diversity of butterflies of the Bodoquena Plateau, which is a conservation priority hotspot with great geological and biogeographical importance, but with insufficient data. The Bodoquena Mountains are part of the ecological corridor of Cerrado-Pantanal biodiversity, belonging to the core area of the endangered Atlantic Forest Reserve and the Pantanal Biospheres. This region has been highly threatened by tourist development and the increasing growth of agricultural practices in adjacent farms (Brazil 2007). The knowledge on the fauna of this region is scarce, except for frogs (
The Serra da Bodoquena National Park ( Parque Nacional da Serra da Bodoquena -
Sampling sites. Maps of the location of sampling sites in the Bodoquena Mountains in the Serra da Bodoquena National Park (
The vegetation is a mix of alluvial semi-deciduous forest (gallery forest), submontane deciduous forest (dry forest), wetlands, pasture and regenerating areas (
Sampling was carried out in 20 locations (Table Biodiversity Museum Federal University of Grande Dourados
Sampling sites in the Bodoquena Plateau, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil.
Code | Sites | Geographic Coordinates | Height (m) | Sampling Date |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Palmeirinhas II |
|
341 | November 2009 |
2 | Palmeirinhas I |
|
350 | November 2009 |
3 | Faz. California |
|
733 | November 2009 |
4 | Taquaral |
|
569 | November 2009 |
5 | As. Canaã |
|
214 | November 2009 |
6 | Faz. Pitangueiras |
|
469 | November 2009 |
7 | Kadwéu |
|
519 | November 2009 |
8 | Afluente Salobra |
|
447 | November 2009 |
9 | Faz. Morro Alto II |
|
528 | November2009 |
10 | Rio da Prata |
|
255 | March 2011 |
11 | Buraco das Araras |
|
318 | March 2011 |
12 | Hotel Cabanas |
|
276 | March 2011 |
13 | Nascente do Gruta |
|
476 | March 2011 |
14 | Marambaia |
|
665 | December 2013 |
15 | Faz. Sol de Maio |
|
399 | February 2013 |
16 | Faz. Rancho Branco |
|
178 | December 2013 |
17 | Boqueirão |
|
542 | December 2013 |
18 | Santa Fé |
|
485 | June 2013 |
19 | Ponte Rio Perdido |
|
422 | February 2014 |
20 | Ouro Verde |
|
487 | March 2011 |
The species identification was performed with the aid of specialized bibliography (
The effectiveness of the survey was analyzed with individual and sample-based rarefaction curves (
In total, 768 butterfly individuals were registered, belonging to 146 species in 98 genera, six families in 18 subfamilies (
The richest subfamilies were
Butterfly richness in the Bodoquena Mountains. Observed and estimated richness of butterflies of the Bodoquena Plateau for both traps (
Half of the listed species, (52.05% - 76 species) of the butterfly fauna consists of species with records in areas of Cerrado (
. Rare species collected in the Bodoquena Mountains.
The percentage of 8.27% for
In this study, 32.19% of the species showed were singletons. In the study conducted by
The results obtained in this study represent the only information on the butterfly species composition of the Bodoquena Plateau, an area considered of utmost priority for biodiversity conservation. Interestingly, 44.5% of the whole butterfly fauna of
We are extremely gateful to Marcio Uehara-Prado, Eduardo de Proenca Barbosa, Ricardo Russo Siwert, Lucas Augusto Kaminski, Danilo Bandini Ribeiro and André Victor Lucci Freitas for insect identification confirmations. We would like to thank Manoel Araécio-Uchoa Fernandes for logistic support, the National Counsel of Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq, Process 476484/28-1) for funding, and the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) for a grant to PRBS. RGF thank CAPES, CNPq and FAPESP for constant financial support.
Butterfly species list for the Serra da Bodoquena National Park, including 20 occurrence sites (represented by codes, see Table
Family | Subfamily | Tribe | Species | Abundance | Occurrence site (codes) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bonito | Bodoquena | Jardim | Porto Murtinho | |||||
|
|
1 | 18 | |||||
|
14 | 4,14,17 | 13 | 18 | ||||
11 | 4 | 18 | ||||||
|
|
16 | 4,14 | 13 | 18 | |||
|
6 | 4 | 11,18 | |||||
1 | 11 | |||||||
7 | 6,9 | 16 | 18 | |||||
|
4 | 2,4,9 | 8 | |||||
11 | 4,9 | |||||||
1 | 9 | |||||||
50 | 2,4,9,14,17 | 3,5,15 | ||||||
1 | 18 | |||||||
9 | 4,9,14 | 18 | ||||||
9 | 2,4 | 18 | ||||||
|
25 | 4,6,14 | 3,5,13,16 | 18,19 | ||||
1 | 12 | |||||||
20 | 4,14 | 18, 19 | ||||||
2 | 14 | 18 | ||||||
|
2 | 18,19 | ||||||
1 | 4 | |||||||
1 | 14 | 12 | 18 | |||||
15 | 4,9,14 | 13 | 11,18 | |||||
21 | 4,6,12 | 3,20 | 11,18 | 7 | ||||
1 | 11 | |||||||
4 | 4 | 10 | ||||||
|
2 | 6,12 | ||||||
7 | 1,9 | 20 | 10,18,19 | |||||
|
|
11 | 4,14,17 | 3, 16 | 18 | |||
1 | 14 | |||||||
5 | 12 | 18 | ||||||
5 | 1,2,14 | 8 | ||||||
33 | 1,4,12,14, 17 | 8 | 11,18 | |||||
17 | 1,4,14 | 3,130 | 18,19 | |||||
|
6 | 1,2,4,12 | 18 | |||||
1 | 4 | |||||||
|
|
3 | 4 | 16 | ||||
1 | 16 | |||||||
1 | 13 | |||||||
1 | 11 | |||||||
|
|
1 | 17 | |||||
|
2 | 15 | ||||||
1 | 6 | |||||||
|
|
6 | 14,17 | 18 | ||||
1 | 18 | |||||||
|
|
7 | 1,2,4,12,14 | 8 | ||||
1 | 4 | |||||||
54 | 4,14 | 18 | ||||||
|
14 | 4,14 | 18 | |||||
5 | 6,12 | 11,18 | ||||||
|
5 | 6 | 13 | 11,18 | ||||
5 | 9,17 | 5 | ||||||
2 | 1 | |||||||
8 | 4, 14 | 3,5,16 | ||||||
|
2 | 18 | ||||||
|
|
8 | 1,2,4 | 18 | ||||
3 | 14 | 19 | ||||||
2 | 2,4 | |||||||
1 | 14 | |||||||
6 | 4,14 | 18 | ||||||
3 | 14 | 18 | ||||||
4 | 2,9 | 18 | ||||||
3 | 2,12 | |||||||
3 | 1, 14 | |||||||
1 | 14 | |||||||
9 | 1,6,9,14 | 20 | 18,19 | |||||
14 | 1,4,9,14 | 20 | 18,19 | |||||
4 | 1,2,6 | 18 | ||||||
6 | 2 | 8,15 | ||||||
5 | 1,14 | 8 | ||||||
7 | 4 | 8 | 18,19 | |||||
2 | 1 | |||||||
1 | 15 | |||||||
1 | 8 | |||||||
1 | 8 | |||||||
1 | 8 | |||||||
5 | 4,12 | 18 | ||||||
1 | 9 | |||||||
|
2 | 4 | 10 | |||||
5 | 1,2,4 | 7 | ||||||
3 | 12 | 10,18 | ||||||
8 | 4,14 | 18 | ||||||
|
21 | 4,12 | 15,20 | 10,19 | ||||
|
|
|
1 | 16 | ||||
|
3 | 15 | 18 | |||||
4 | 6,9 | 16 | ||||||
1 | 14 | |||||||
2 | 16 | |||||||
2 | 16 | |||||||
2 | 1 | 3 | ||||||
|
1 | 17 | ||||||
1 | 16 | |||||||
2 | 1,4 | |||||||
2 | 1 | 19 | ||||||
|
7 | 1 | 16 | |||||
2 | 1,6 | |||||||
3 | 1,6 | 16 | ||||||
4 | 1,6 | 16 | 18 | |||||
1 | 18 | |||||||
1 | 18 | |||||||
|
2 | 4 | 18 | |||||
1 | 6 | |||||||
2 | 6 | |||||||
|
1 | 14 | ||||||
|
|
1 | 18 | |||||
2 | 1 | |||||||
|
2 | 1,14 | ||||||
7 | 1 | 18,19 | ||||||
10 | 1,6 | |||||||
1 | 18 | |||||||
2 | 16 | |||||||
8 | 1 | 16 | 18 | |||||
1 | 3 | |||||||
3 | 16 | 18 | ||||||
|
1 | 19 | ||||||
1 | 18 | |||||||
|
|
1 | 1 | |||||
1 | 1 | |||||||
1 | 1 | |||||||
1 | 18 | |||||||
1 | 17 | |||||||
6 | 14 | 3,16 | 18 | |||||
2 | 18 | |||||||
1 | 18 | |||||||
1 | 1 | |||||||
2 | 5 | |||||||
3 | 1 | |||||||
2 | 16 | |||||||
1 | 16 | |||||||
1 | 16 | |||||||
|
5 | 1,14,17 | 16 | |||||
8 | 6 | 16 | 18 | |||||
3 | 17 | 16 | ||||||
3 | 1,6 | 18 | ||||||
1 | 18 | |||||||
1 | 14 | |||||||
|
|
26 | 4,6 | 15,16 | ||||
|
4 | 14 | 18 | |||||
|
2 | 16 | ||||||
|
|
2 | 16 | |||||
|
2 | 16 | ||||||
|
6 | 16 | ||||||
|
|
4 | 9 | 3,16 | ||||
|
8 | 6 | 16 | |||||
|
2 | 16 | ||||||
|
1 | 16 | ||||||
|
3 | 9 | 3,5 | |||||
|
1 | 16 |