Corresponding author: Ge-Xia Qiao (
Academic editor: R.Blackman
These authors contributed equally to this work.
A new species of
Jiang L-Y, Chen J, Qiao G-X (2015) A new species of
The oriental genus
Metrical data (mean, range and standard deviation) of , antennal segments I, II, III, IV, V and the base of antennal segment VI , processus terminalis , the basal diameter of antennal segment III , ultimate rostral segment , basal width of ultimate rostral segment , second hind tarsal segment , mid-width of hind tibia , siphunculi , basal width of siphunculi , distal width of siphunculi , width of expanded part on siphunculi , basal width of cauda : marginal setae on abdominal tergite I : spinal setae on abdominal tergite VIII
Parts | Apterous viviparae (n=5) | Alate viviparae (n=2) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | Range | Standard deviation | Mean | Range | ||
Length (mm) | Body length | 2.14 | 1.92–2.34 | 0.12 | 2.11 | 2.07–2.15 |
Body width | 0.98 | 0.92–1.04 | 0.04 | 0.79 | 0.77–0.81 | |
Whole antennae | 1.59 | 1.53–1.67 | 0.05 | 1.76 | 1.76 | |
Ant. I | 0.11 | 0.11–0.12 | 0.002 | 0.11 | 0.11 | |
Ant. II | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0 | 0.07 | 0.07 | |
Ant. III | 0.54 | 0.51–0.59 | 0.03 | 0.62 | 0.58–0.67 | |
Ant. IV | 0.18 | 0.16–0.21 | 0.01 | 0.24 | 0.23–0.25 | |
Ant. V | 0.21 | 0.17–0.23 | 0.01 | 0.26 | 0.26 | |
Ant. VIb | 0.20 | 0.19–0.21 | 0.005 | 0.21 | 0.21 | |
|
0.27 | 0.26–0.29 | 0.01 | 0.30 | 0.30 | |
|
0.21 | 0.18–0.22 | 0.01 | 0.21 | 0.21 | |
Hind femur | 0.53 | 0.51–0.57 | 0.01 | 0.58 | 0.57–0.59 | |
Hind tibia | 0.84 | 0.80–0.90 | 0.03 | 0.96 | 0.96 | |
|
0.13 | 0.125–0.134 | 0.004 | 0.13 | 0.13 | |
|
0.77 | 0.73–0.86 | 0.03 | 1.16 | 1.12–1.2 | |
0.07 | 0.07–0.09 | 0.007 | 0.07 | 0.06–0.09 | ||
0.07 | 0.06–0.08 | 0.005 | 0.05 | 0.048–0.053 | ||
0.16 | 0.13–0.19 | 0.02 | 0.10 | 0.09–0.12 | ||
Cauda | 0.05 | 0.05–0.07 | 0.008 | 0.05 | 0.05 | |
|
0.19 | 0.18–0.20 | 0.006 | 0.18 | 0.17–0.18 | |
|
0.04 | 0.03–0.04 | 0.002 | 0.03 | 0.03 | |
|
0.05 | 0.04–0.05 | 0.002 | 0.04 | 0.04 | |
Cephalic setae | 0.18 | 0.16–0.19 | 0.01 | 0.16 | 0.15–0.16 | |
|
0.13 | 0.12–0.13 | 0.007 | 0.06 | 0.06–0.07 | |
|
0.09 | 0.08–0.12 | 0.01 | 0.13 | 0.12–0.13 | |
Setae on ANT. III | 0.18 | 0.17–0.19 | 0.008 | 0.18 | 0.17–0.18 | |
Setae on Hind tibia | 0.09 | 0.08–0.11 | 0.006 | 0.09 | 0.09–0.10 | |
Ratio (times) | Whole antennae / Body | 0.7 | 0.71–0.72 | 0.2 | 0.9 | 0.9 |
Hind femur / Ant. III | 1 | 0.9–1.0 | 0.03 | 0.9 | 0.9–1.0 | |
Hind tibia / Body | 0.8 | 0.75–0.83 | 0.03 | 0.9 | 0.89–0.93 | |
1.4 | 1.3–1.5 | 0.06 | 1.4 | 1.4 | ||
5 | 4–6 | 0.6 | 5.5 | 5.5 | ||
1.6 | 1.4–1.8 | 0.1 | 1.7 | 1.7 | ||
Cauda / |
0.3 | 0.2–0.4 | 0.04 | 0.3 | 0.26–0.28 | |
Cephalic setae / |
4.9 | 4.3–5.7 | 0.5 | 4.7 | 4.6–4.9 | |
3.5 | 3.3–4.0 | 0.2 | 1.9 | 1.7–2.0 | ||
2.6 | 2.3–3.4 | 0.4 | 3.7 | 3.4–4.0 | ||
Setae on ANT. III / ANT. III BD | 5 | 4.5–5.7 | 0.4 | 5.3 | 5.1–5.4 | |
Setae on hind tibia / |
2 | 1.8–2.2 | 0.1 | 2.4 | 2.2–2.5 | |
0.4 | 0.3–0.4 | 0.02 | 0.6 | 0.5–0.6 | ||
1.4 | 1.3–1.5 | 0.06 | 1.9 | 1.8–2.0 | ||
10.7 | 8.7–12.6 | 1.12 | 16.7 | 13.9–19.5 | ||
11.4 | 10. 7–13.0 | 0.8 | 23.1 | 21.3–25.0 | ||
5.0 | 4.2–5.6 | 0.5 | 11.7 | 10.4–13.0 |
cytochrome cytochrome Neighbor-joining Kimura’s two-parameter
Natural History Museum
Voucher information and GenBank accession numbers for aphid samples used in the molecular study.
Species | Voucher number | Host plant | Collection locality |
|
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|
14414 |
|
Fujian: Mt. Wuyi | |||
14488 |
|
Fujian: Mt. Wuyi | |||
18104 |
|
Fujian: Mt. Wuyi | |||
21910 | Unknown | Guangdong: Shixing | |||
16504 | Unknown | Tibet: Zhangmu | |||
18324 | Unknown | Tibet: Zayu | |||
23754 |
|
Yunnan: Jingdong | |||
14712 |
|
Yunnan: Baoshan | |||
15370 | Unknown | Tibet: Medog | |||
18382 |
|
Tibet: Tangmai | |||
23101 | Unknown | Sichuan: Mt. Luoji | |||
14560 |
|
Fujian: Mt. Wuyi | |||
14805 |
|
Fujian: Mt. Wuyi | |||
17329 | Zhejiang: Taishun | ||||
17331 |
|
Zhejiang: Taishun | NA | ||
17333 |
|
Zhejiang: Taishun | NA | ||
17387 |
|
Zhejiang: Taishun | NA | ||
18499 | Hainan: Mt. Diaoluo | NA | |||
18510 |
|
Hainan: Mt. Diaoluo | |||
21773 | Unknown | Hunan: Mt. Bamian | NA | ||
21859 | Unknown | Guangdong: Ruyuan | NA | ||
21916 |
|
Guangdong: Shixing | NA | ||
21966 | Unknown | Guangdong: Shixing | |||
22101 |
|
Fujian: Longyan | |||
14405 | Fujian: Mt. Wuyi | ||||
14417 |
|
Fujian: Mt. Wuyi | |||
18913 |
|
Guangxi: Longsheng | |||
19258 |
|
Guangxi: Xing’an | |||
21845 | Unknown | Hunan: Mt. Mang | |||
21856 | Unknown | Guangdong: Ruyuan | |||
21872 | Unknown | Guangdong: Ruyuan | |||
18508 |
|
Hainan: Mt. Diaoluo | |||
18511 |
|
Hainan: Mt. Diaoluo | |||
18513 |
|
Hainan: Mt. Diaoluo | |||
18514 |
|
Hainan: Mt. Diaoluo | |||
20811 |
|
Hainan: Mt. Wuzhi | |||
20858 |
|
Hainan: Mt. Diaoluo | |||
14421 | Fujian: Mt. Wuyi | ||||
14537 |
|
Fujian: Mt. Wuyi | |||
18506 |
|
Hainan: Mt. Diaoluo | |||
18614 |
|
Guangdong: Shixing | |||
18892 |
|
Guangxi: Longsheng | |||
19242 |
|
Hainan: Mt. Bawang | |||
19521 | Hainan: Mt. Jianfeng | ||||
20530 |
|
Yunnan: Simao | |||
20866 |
|
Hainan: Mt. Jianfeng | |||
20938 |
|
Hainan: Mt. Jianfeng | |||
22152 | Unknown | Fujian: Zhangzhou | |||
22155 | Unknown | Fujian: Zhangzhou | |||
22161 | Unknown | Fujian: Zhangzhou | |||
22166 | Unknown | Fujian: Zhangzhou | |||
23843 |
|
Yunnan: Cangyuan | |||
26029 |
|
Guangxi: Lingui | |||
26261 | Guangxi: Mt. Shiwandashan | ||||
26270 | Guangxi: Mt. Shiwandashan | ||||
26510 |
|
Taiwan: Mt. Taman | |||
26515 |
|
Taiwan: Hualian |
Reference sequences form previous studies: PaP
Holotype: apterous viviparous female,
The name of this species is derived from its most distinctive feature, its markedly swollen siphunculi. The specific name is composed of “
The new species is distinctly different from the other known species in the genus, based on siphunculi of alatae distinctly expanded on the apical half. It is similar to the species
It is also similar to the species
Colonizing the underside of young leaves of new growth of
The alignment sequences of
Neighbour-joining tree for
Neighbour-joining tree for
For the sampled known species of
Kimura’s two-parameter genetic distances (mean ± standard deviation) among
Species | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. |
0.075±0.001 | 0.060±0.002 | 0.104±0.002 | 0.036±0.001 | 0.002±0 | 0.076±0.001 |
|
|
2. |
0.074±0.001 | 0.050±0.003 | 0.094±0.002 | 0.081±0.003 | 0.077±0.001 | 0.104±0.001 |
|
|
3. |
0.066±0.001 | 0.045±0.003 | 0.097±0.002 | 0.068±0.001 | 0.058±0.002 | 0.077±0.001 |
|
|
4. |
0.102±0.001 | 0.089±0.002 | 0.095±0.002 | 0.114±0.002 | 0.102±0.002 | 0.117±0.002 |
|
|
5. |
0.030±0.001 | 0.074±0.001 | 0.065±0.001 | 0.103±0.002 | 0.035±0.001 | 0.082±0.001 |
|
|
6. |
0.003±0 | 0.074±0.001 | 0.063±0.001 | 0.100±0.001 | 0.030±0.001 | 0.075±0.001 |
|
|
7. |
0.077±0 | 0.088±0.001 | 0.082±0.002 | 0.121±0.003 | 0.084±0.001 | 0.074±0 |
|
|
8. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The results of
1 | Antennal setae with similar length on inner and outer sides of the segment; hind tibia with 17–22 transverse ridges |
|
– | Antennal setae long or short, long setae being mainly on the inner side of the segment; hind tibia with 20–84 transverse ridges |
|
2 | Hind tibia with more than 84 short transverse ridges |
|
– | Hind tibia with 20–63 short transverse ridges |
|
3 | Abdominal tergite VII with 13 or 14 setae; body with pointed and dense dorsal setae |
|
– | Abdominal tergite VII with only 2–4 setae |
|
4 | Siphunculi long, 0.7–0.9 times as long as body |
|
– | Siphunculi at most 0.7 times as long as body |
|
5 | Body with long and stout dorsal setae, pointed at apex |
|
– | Body at least with some bifurcate dorsal setae |
|
6 | Dorsal of abdomen with fused dark brown sclerotic patterns; hind tibia with 31–33 transeverse ridges; ultimate rostral segment 0.3–0.4 mm long, 6.1–8.4 times as long as basal width, 2.4–2.8 times as long as hind second tarsal segment, with 7 pairs of secondary setae |
|
– | Dorsal of abdomen pale brown, without sclerotic pattern; hind tibia with 57–62 transeverse ridges; ultimate rostral segment 0.18–0.22 mm long, 4–6 times as long as basal width, 1.36–1.77 times as long as hind second tarsal segment, with 3 pairs of secondary setae |
|
7 | Length of ultimate rostral segment less than 2 times that of hind second tarsal segment length |
|
– | Length of ultimate rostral segment more than 2 times that of hind second tarsal segment length |
|
8 | Body 2.9 mm long; hind tibia with 37–43 transverse ridges |
|
– | Body 1.4–2.2 mm long; hind tibia with 27–38 transverse ridges |
|
9 | Hind tibia with less than 30 transverse ridges |
|
– | Hind tibia with more than 30 transverse ridges |
|
10 | Body setae mostly pointed; ultimate rostral segment 2.3–2.4 times as long as hind second tarsal segment; on plants of |
|
– | Body setae mostly bifurcate; ultimate rostral segment 1.8 |
|
11 | Body pale in mounted specimens, except for brown siphunculi; processus terminalis 1.6–1.8 times as long as the base of antennal segment VI; hind tibia with 35–46 transverse ridgest |
|
– | Body brown in mounted specimens; processus terminalis 1.3–1.6 times as long as the base of antennal segment VI; hind tibia with 53–63 transverse ridges |
|
(Remark:
1 | Antennal setae on flagellum with similar length on inner and outer sides of the segment |
|
– | Antennal setae on flagellum long or short, long setae mainly on the inner side of the segment |
|
2 | Abdominal tergite VII with 9–12 setae |
|
– | Abdominal tergite VII with 2–6 setae |
|
3 | Antennal segment III with 5–10 secondary rhinaria |
|
– | Antennal segment III with more than 14 secondary rhinaria |
|
4 | Hind tibia with 25–43 transverse ridges; ultimate rostral segment 3.9–4.5 times as long as its basal width; each siphunculus with 65–96 setae |
|
– | Hind tibia with 69–72 transverse ridges; ultimate rostral segment 5.5 times as long as its basal width; each siphunculus with 105–120 setae |
|
5 | Hind tibia with more than 42 transverse ridges |
|
– | Hind tibia with less than 38 transverse ridges |
|
6 | Ultimate rostral segment 1.8–1.9 times as long as hind second tarsal segment |
|
– | Ultimate rostral segment more than 2.4 times of hind second tarsal segment length |
|
7 | Hind tibia with 49–53 transverse ridges; antennal segment III with 14–16 secondary rhinaria |
|
– | Hind tibia with about 43 transverse ridges; antennal segment III with 20 secondary rhinaria |
|
8 | Hind tibia with about 30 transverse ridges; antennal segment III with 20 or 21 secondary rhinaria; siphunculi 0.8 times as long as body length |
|
– | Hind tibia with about 34 transverse ridges; antennal segment III with less than 20 secondary rhinaria; siphunculi at most 0.8 times as long as body length |
|
9 | Ultimate rostral segmentIV about 5.2 times as long as segment V; siphunculi about 2.4 mm long, about 17.3 times as long as its basal width |
|
– | Ultimate rostral segment IV 6.4–-7.0 times as long as segment V; siphunculi 1.7–1.8 mm long, 14.6–17.0 times as long as its basal width |
|
Thanks are due to F.D. Yang for making slides, to X.L. Huang for collecting specimens and taking pictures in the field. We thank Prof. Blackman R.L., Dr. Susan Halbert and other two reviewers for their reviews of the manuscript and for providing very valuable suggestions. The work was supported by National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (Nos. 31561163002, 31430078), National Science Fund for Fostering Talents in Basic Research (No. J1210002), and a grant from the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China (Nos. 2011FY120200, 2014FY210200).