Corresponding author: Alexander Riedel (
Academic editor: M. Alonso-Zarazaga
The genus
Riedel A, Tänzler R, Balke M, Rahmadi C, Suhardjono YR (2014) Ninety-eight new species of
The area covered herein includes parts of Sundaland (i.e. Sumatra, Java, Borneo, and the Philippine island of Palawan) and the Lesser Sunda Islands. No species of
We have previously established that
This study is based on > 4,000 specimens of
The methods applied for DNA sequencing and sequence analysis are described by
Morphological terminology follows
Fully apterous genus of
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC2482 (EMBL # LM655819), East Java Prov., Kediri, Mt. Wilis, Besuki, sample 1,
E-Java Prov. (Mt. Wilis). Elevation: 1379–1485 m.
This epithet is based on the Latin adjective
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC1472 (EMBL # LM655570), West Nusa Tenggara Prov., Lombok, Gn. Rinjani, Tetebatu, Kokok Belimbing, Rinjani-track, sample 3,
West Nusa Tenggara Prov., Lombok (Santong, Sembalun, Senaru, Tetebatu), Sumbawa (Batu Dulang, Tepal). Elevation: 830–1350 m.
This epithet is a combination of the Latin adjectives
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC2326 (EMBL # LM655779), East Java Prov., Banyuwangi Reg., Alas Purwo N.P., Pancur, sample 3,
E-Java Prov. (Alas Purwo N.P.). Elevation: 25 m.
This epithet is based on the type locality, Alas Purwo National Park.
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC2680 (EMBL # LM655938), West Java Prov., Sumedang, Sukajadi, Mt. Cakrabuana, sample 6,
W-Java Prov. (Mt. Bukittinggul, Mt. Cakrabuana, Mt. Cikuray, Mt. Payung, Mt. Sawal, Talagabodas, Mt. Tikukur). Elevation: 1560–2050 m.
This epithet is based on the Greek
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC1513 (EMBL # LM655611), West Nusa Tenggara Prov., Sumbawa, Batu Dulang, Mt. Batu Pasak, sample 2,
West Nusa Tenggara Prov., Sumbawa (Batu Dulang). Elevation: 1305 m.
This epithet is the latinized form of a combination of the Greek adjective
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC2654 (EMBL # LM655912), West Java Prov., Sukabumi, Mt. Gede, Cisaat, Situ Gunung, sample 1,
W-Java Prov. (Mt. Gede). Elevation: 1281–1342 m.
This epithet is a combination of the Latin adjective
Selected male (Fig.
Syntypes: “Pedada Bay, Lampongs, 2 males, 22.I.1922 (Dr. K.W.Dammerman)”
(MZB, SMNK, ZSM): East Sumatra, Lampung Prov.: 2 exx, ARC0261 (EMBL # LM655452), ARC0262 (EMBL # LM655453), Bawang, Pedada Bay, Mt. Tanggang, sample 2,
Lampung Prov. (Bukit Barisan Selatan, Pedada Bay). Elevation: 371–813 m.
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC2457 (EMBL # LM655795), East Java Prov., Krucil, Bremi, Mt. Argopuro (trail to Taman Hidup), sample 2,
E-Java Prov. (Mt. Argopuro). Elevation: 1457–1785 m.
This epithet is based on the type locality, Mt. Argopuro.
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC2474 (EMBL # LM655811), East Java Prov., Mt. Arjuno, road Batu - Pacet, Cangar, sample 5,
E-Java Prov. (Mt. Arjuno, Mt. Wilis). Elevation: 1388–1432 m.
This epithet is based on the type locality Mt. Arjuno.
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC2520 (EMBL # LM655857), West Java Prov., Bandung, Lembang, Pangli, Mt. Bukittinggul, sample 3,
W-Java Prov. (Mt. Bukittinggul). Elevation: 1983–2185 m.
This epithet is based on the Latin adjective
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC2543 (EMBL # LM655880), W-Kalimantan Prov., Bengkayan, Suka-Bangun, Mt. Bawang, sample 5,
W-Kalimantan Prov. (Mt. Bawang). Elevation: 652 m.
This species is named in honour of Sir David F. Attenborough in recognition of his outstanding documentaries on natural history.
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC0580 (EMBL # LM655516), Bali, Bedugul, Tamblingan, above the village along water pipe, sample 4,
Bali (Mt. Andeng, Mt. Batukaru, Bedugul, Mt. Mesehe). Elevation: 600–1690 m.
This epithet is based on the island of Bali.
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC2303 (EMBL # LM655757), Bali, Mt. Batukaru, Wangayagede, sample 3,
Bali (Mt. Batukaru). Elevation: 835–1310 m.
This epithet is based on the type locality Mt. Batukaru.
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC2535 (EMBL # LM655872), W-Kalimantan Prov., Bengkayan, Suka-Bangun, Mt. Bawang, sample 1,
W-Kalimantan Prov. (Mt. Bawang). Elevation: 246–556 m.
This epithet is based on the type locality.
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC0202 (EMBL # LM655424), West Java Prov., Ciamis, Mt. Sawal, Batu Cakra, sample 1,
W-Java Prov. (Pangandaran, Mt. Sawal). Elevation: 156–990 m.
This epithet is a combination of the Latin prefix
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC0710 (EMBL # LM655535), E-Kalimantan Prov., Berau Dist., Hutan Wisata Sei Tangap, ca. 8 km W of Tanjungredeb,
E-Kalimantan Prov. (Tanjungredeb). Elevation: 20–30 m.
This epithet is based on the island of Borneo.
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC2678 (EMBL # LM655936), West Java, Prov., Sumedang, Sukajadi, Mt. Cakrabuana, sample 6,
W-Java Prov. (Mt. Cakrabuana, Mt. Sawal). Elevation: 990–1593 m.
The species is named for arachnologist Cahyo Rahmadi, who collected the first specimens of this species. The epithet is a noun in the genitive case.
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC2470 (EMBL # LM655807), E-Java, Mt. Semeru, road Senduro - Ranupani, sample 4,
E-Java Prov. (Mt. Semeru, Mt. Wilis). Elevation: 1345–1572 m.
This epithet is a combination of the Latin nouns
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC2235 (EMBL # LM655691), East Nusa Tenggara Prov., Flores, Labuhan Bajo, Tebedo, sample 1,
East Nusa Tenggara Prov., Flores (Labuhan Bajo). Elevation: 525–955 m.
This epithet is based on the Latin adjective
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC1506 (EMBL # LM655604), West Nusa Tenggara Prov., Sumbawa, Batu Dulang, Mt. Batu Pasak, sample 2,
West Nusa Tenggara Prov., Sumbawa (Batu Dulang, Tepal). Elevation: 1305–1350 m.
This epithet is based on the Latin adjective
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC1527 (EMBL # LM655625), West Nusa Tenggara Prov., Sumbawa, Batu Dulang, Mt. Batu Pasak, sample 3,
West Nusa Tenggara Prov., Sumbawa (Batu Dulang, Tepal), East Nusa Tenggara Prov., Flores (Mt. Ranaka, L. Ranamese). Elevation: 1270–1730 m.
This epithet is based on the name of
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC2242 (EMBL # LM655697), East Nusa Tenggara Prov., Flores Isl., Labuhan Bajo, Tebedo, sample 1,
East Nusa Tenggara Prov., Flores (Labuhan Bajo). Elevation: 525 m.
This epithet is based on the Indonesian word for “eight” and is treated as a noun in apposition.
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC1468 (EMBL # LM655566), West Nusa Tenggara Prov., Lombok, Tetebatu, Rinjani-trail from Orong Gerisak, sample 7,
West Nusa Tenggara Prov., Lombok (Santong, Senaru, Tetebatu). Elevation: 830–1240 m.
This epithet is based on the combination of the Latin nouns
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC0290 (EMBL # LM655480), C-Java Prov., N slopes of Dieng figau, Petungkriyono, mountain N Tinalum, sample 1,
C-Java Prov. (Dieng). Elevation: 1115 m.
This epithet is based on the type locality.
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC0211 (EMBL # LM655433), West Java Prov., Mt. Halimun N.P., Citalahab, sample 2,
W-Java Prov. (Mt. Halimun N.P.). Elevation: 1000–1200 m.
This epithet is a combination of the prefix
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC1490 (EMBL # LM655588), West Nusa Tenggara Prov., Lombok, road between Sembalun and Sapit, sample 5,
West Nusa Tenggara Prov., Lombok (Mt. Pengasingan, Sajang, Santong, Sembalun, Senaru, Sesaot, Tetebatu). Elevation: 625–1450 m.
This epithet is based on the Latin participle
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC2232 (EMBL # LM655688), East Nusa Tenggara Prov., Flores Isl., Labuhan Bajo, Roe, sample 3,
East Nusa Tenggara Prov., Flores (Labuhan Bajo). Elevation: 525–975 m.
This epithet is based on the Indonesian word for “two” and is treated as a noun in apposition.
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC0284 (EMBL # LM655474), C-Java Prov., N slopes of Dieng figau, Petungkriyono, Mt. Deles, sample 1,
C-Java Prov. (Dieng, Mt. Slamet). Elevation: 1505–1858 m.
This epithet is based on the Indonesian word for “twelve” and is treated as a noun in apposition.
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC0204 (EMBL # LM655426), W-Java Prov., Ciamis, Mt. Sawal, Batu Cakra, sample 1,
W-Java Prov. (Mt. Payung, Mt. Sawal). Elevation: 990–1314 m.
This epithet is based on the Latin adjective
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC2192 (EMBL # LM655648), East Nusa Tenggara Prov., Flores Isl., Ruteng, Danau Ranamese, sample 1,
East Nusa Tenggara Prov., Flores (Ruteng). Elevation: 1320–1685 m.
This epithet is based on the Indonesian word for “four” and is treated as a noun in apposition.
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC2224 (EMBL # LM655680), East Nusa Tenggara Prov., Flores Isl., Labuhan Bajo, Roe, sample 5,
East Nusa Tenggara Prov., Flores (Labuhan Bajo). Elevation: 790–965 m.
This epithet is based on the Indonesian word for “six” and is treated as a noun in apposition.
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC2211 (EMBL # LM655667), East Nusa Tenggara Prov., Flores Isl., Ruteng, Danau Ranamese, sample 6,
East Nusa Tenggara Prov., Flores (Lake Ranamese). Elevation: 1215 m.
This epithet is based on a combination of the Latin adjective
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC3618 (EMBL # LM656048), East Nusa Tenggara Prov., Flores, Ruteng, Mt. Ranaka, sample 1,
East Nusa Tenggara Prov., Flores (Golo Lusang, Mt. Ranaka, Lake Ranamese). Elevation: 1250–1590 m.
This epithet is based on the island of Flores.
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC2690 (EMBL # LM655948), W-Java, Ciamis, Pangandaran, sample 1,
W-Java Prov. (Leuweung Sancang, Pangandaran). Elevation: 74–157 m.
This epithet is based on the Latin adjective
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC2274 (EMBL # LM655728), West Nusa Tenggara Prov., Lombok, Santong, Rinjani-track, sample 1,
West Nusa Tenggara Prov., Lombok (Santong, Sembalun, Senaru). Elevation: 830–1240 m.
This epithet is based on the Latin adjective
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC0249 (EMBL # LM655441), West Java Prov., Cianjur, above kebun Gede, sample 2,
W-Java Prov., (Mt. Gede). Elevation: 1940–2117 m.
This epithet is based on the type locality.
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC2647 (EMBL # LM655905), West Java Prov., Bogor, Cidahu, Mt. Salak (near Javana Spa), sample 1,
W-Java Prov. (Mt. Halimun Salak N.P.). Elevation: 1429–1756 m.
This epithet is based on the type locality.
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC1547 (EMBL # LM655645), Java, Banten-Prov., Ujung Kulon N.P., Tama Jaya, Mt. Honje, sample 4,
Banten Prov. (Ujung Kulon N.P.). Elevation: 395–540 m.
This epithet is based on the type locality, Mt. Honje.
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC0305 (EMBL # LM655495), East Java Prov., Banyuwangi, Mt. Ijen, Licin, sample 4,
E-Java Prov. (Mt. Ijen). Elevation: 1225–1575 m.
This epithet is based on the type locality.
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC0192 (EMBL # LM655416), West Java Prov., Mt. Halimun N.P., N Ciptarasa, sample 3,
W-Java Prov. (Mt. Gede, Mt. Halimun N.P., Mt. Cakrabuana, Mt. Sawal), C-Java Prov. (Dieng, Mt. Slamet). Elevation: 990–1671 m.
This epithet is based on the name of Java Island.
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC1421 (EMBL # LM655548), E-Kalimantan Prov., Berau Dist., 1 km off road Tanjungredeb - Tanjungselor, ca. 45 km N of Tanjungredeb,
E-Kalimantan Prov. (Tanjungredeb). Elevation: 190 m.
This epithet is based on the Indonesian name for Borneo, Kalimantan.
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC0589 (EMBL # LM655525), Bali, Kintamani, Mt. Abang, sample 1,
Bali (Kintamani). Elevation: 1440 m.
This epithet is based on the type locality, Kintamani.
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC0595 (EMBL # LM655531), Bali, National Park, Mt. Klatakan, sample 1,
Bali (Mt. Klatakan). Elevation: 500–600 m.
This epithet is based on the type locality, Mt. Klatakan.
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC0266 (EMBL # LM655457), East Sumatra, Lampung Prov., Bawang, Pedada Bay, Mt. Tanggang, sample 2,
Lampung Prov. (Bukit Barisan Selatan N.P., Pedada Bay). Elevation: 421–813 m.
This epithet is based on the Indonesian province of Lampung.
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC2466 (EMBL # LM655804), East Java Prov., Mt. Semeru, road Senduro - Ranupani, sample 4,
E-Java Prov. (Mt. Semeru). Elevation: 1430 m.
This epithet is based on a combination of the Latin adjective
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC2199 (EMBL # LM655655), East Nusa Tenggara Prov., Flores Isl., Ruteng, Mt. Ranaka, sample 3,
East Nusa Tenggara Prov., Flores (Ruteng). Elevation: 1730–2205 m.
This epithet is based on the Indonesian word for “five” and is treated as a noun in apposition.
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC1458 (EMBL # LM655556), West Nusa Tenggara Prov., Lombok, Tetebatu, Rinjani-trail from Orong Gerisak, sample 6,
West Nusa Tenggara Prov., Lombok (Santong, Senaru, Sesaot, Tetebatu). Elevation: 625–1345 m.
This epithet is based on the island of Lombok.
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC2332 (EMBL # LM655785), East Java Prov., Banyuwangi Reg., Meru Betiri N.P., Sukamade, sample 2,
E-Java Prov. (Meru Betiri N.P.). Elevation: 260–340 m.
This epithet is based on the type locality, Meru Betiri National Park.
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC2250 (EMBL # LM655705), Bali, Negara, Kampung Pasatan, Desa Pohsanten, Mt. Mesehe, sample 2,
Bali (Mt. Mesehe). Elevation: 460–840 m.
This epithet is based on the type locality Mt. Mesehe.
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC2213 (EMBL # LM655669), East Nusa Tenggara Prov., Flores, Labuhan Bajo, Roe, earthworm-dominated habitat, sample 1,
East Nusa Tenggara Prov., Flores (Labuhan Bajo). Elevation: 790–975 m.
This epithet is based on the Latin adjective
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC0263 (EMBL # LM655454), E-Sumatra, Lampung Prov., Bawang, Pedada Bay, Mt. Tanggang, sample 1,
Lampung Prov. (Pedada Bay). Elevation: 579–744 m.
This epithet is based on the Latin adjective
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (SMNK): ARC1440 (EMBL # LM655554), PHILIPPINES, Palawan, Puerto Princessa region, Sabang, Mt. Bloomfield,
Palawan (Mt. Bloomfield). Elevation: ca. 500–700 m.
This epithet is based on the type locality, the island of Palawan.
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC2682 (EMBL # LM655940), West Java Prov., Ciamis, Pangandaran, sample 2,
W-Java Prov. (Pangandaran). Elevation: 156–157 m.
This epithet is based on the type locality, Pangandaran.
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC3622 (EMBL # LM656052), East Nusa Tenggara Prov., Flores, Ruteng, Mt. Ranaka, sample 7,
East Nusa Tenggara Prov., Flores (Mt. Ranaka). Elevation: 1730 m.
This epithet is based on a combination of the Greek prefix
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC0585 (EMBL # LM655521), Bali, Bedugul, Tamblingan, above the village along water pipe, sample 4,
Bali (Mt. Batukaru, Mt. Mesehe, Tamblingan). Elevation: 825–1520 m.
This epithet is based on a combination of the Greek prefix
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC3603 (EMBL # LM656033), West Nusa Tenggara Prov., Sumbawa, Batu Dulang, Gn. Batu Pasak, sample 3,
West Nusa Tenggara Prov., Sumbawa (Batu Dulang). Elevation: 1385 m.
This epithet is based on the Greek prefix
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC2340 (EMBL # LM655790), West Nusa Tenggara Prov., Sumbawa, Tepal, Pc. Nengas, sample 7,
West Nusa Tenggara Prov., Sumbawa (Batu Dulang, Tepal). Elevation: 1280–1490 m.
This epithet is based on the Latin adjective
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC2710 (EMBL # LM655966), West Java Prov., Garut, Cikajang, Mt. Payung, sample 2,
W-Java Prov. (Mt. Payung). Elevation: 1085–1250 m.
This epithet is based on the type locality.
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC2699 (EMBL # LM655955), West Java, Garut, Cikajang, Mt. Payung, sample 1,
W-Java Prov. (Mt. Payung, Mt. Cakrabuana). Elevation: 1085–1563 m.
This epithet is based on the Latin
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC2209 (EMBL # LM655665), East Nusa Tenggara Prov., Flores, Ruteng, Mt. Ranaka, sample 6,
East Nusa Tenggara Prov., Flores (Mt. Ranaka). Elevation: 1995–2010 m.
This epithet is based on the Greek prefix
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC3602 (EMBL # LM656032), West Nusa Tenggara Prov., Sumbawa, Batu Dulang, Gn. Batu Pasak, sample 3,
West Nusa Tenggara Prov., Sumbawa (Batu Dulang). Elevation: 1385 m.
This epithet is based on the Greek prefix
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC1497 (EMBL # LM655595), West Nusa Tenggara Prov., Sumbawa, Tepal, Pc. Nengas, sample 2,
West Nusa Tenggara Prov., Sumbawa (Batu Dulang, Tepal). Elevation: 1305–1385 m.
This epithet is based on a combination of the Latin participles
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC2196 (EMBL # LM655652), East Nusa Tenggara Prov., Flores Isl., Ruteng, Mt. Ranaka, sample 1,
East Nusa Tenggara Prov., Flores (Ruteng). Elevation: 1535–2205 m.
This epithet is based on the type locality.
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC0308 (EMBL # LM655498), E-Java Prov., Banyuwangi, Mt. Ijen, Licin, sample 4,
E-Java Prov. (Mt. Argopuro, Mt. Ijen). Elevation: 1100–1628 m.
This epithet is based on the Latin participle
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC2263 (EMBL # LM655717), West Nusa Tenggara Prov., Lombok, Gn. Rinjani, Senaru, Rinjani-track, sample 3,
West Nusa Tenggara Prov., Lombok (Senaru, Sembalun, Tetebatu). Elevation: 1195–1465 m.
This epithet is based on the type locality, Mt. Rinjani.
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC2219 (EMBL # LM655675), East Nusa Tenggara Prov., Flores, Labuhan Bajo, Roe, sample 1,
East Nusa Tenggara Prov., Flores (Labuhan Bajo). Elevation: 525–955 m.
This epithet is based on the type locality.
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC2672 (EMBL # LM655930), West Java Prov., Sumedang, Sukajadi, Mt. Cakrabuana, sample 4,
W-Java Prov. (Mt. Cakrabuana, Mt. Sawal). Elevation: 990–1569 m.
This epithet is a combination of the Latin adjective
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC0586 (EMBL # LM655522), Bali, Bedugul, Mt. Catur, sample 3,
Bali (Mt. Andeng, Bedugul, Kintamani). Elevation: 1385–1785 m.
This epithet is based on the Latin adjective
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC2193 (EMBL # LM655649), East Nusa Tenggara Prov., Flores Isl., Danau Ranamese, sample 2,
East Nusa Tenggara Prov., Flores (Ruteng). Elevation: 1215–1610 m.
This epithet is based on the type locality.
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC1530 (EMBL # LM655628), West Nusa Tenggara Prov., Sumbawa, Batu Dulang, Gn. Batu Pasak, sample 3,
West Nusa Tenggara Prov., Sumbawa (Batu Dulang). Elevation: 1385 m.
This epithet is based on the Latin noun
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (SMNK): ARC2523 (EMBL # LM655860), MALAYSIA, Sarawak, Kuching, Mt. Santubong, sample 3,
Sarawak (Santubong). Elevation: 138–496 m.
This epithet is based on the type locality.
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC1482 (EMBL # LM655580), West Nusa Tenggara Prov., Lombok, Sesaot, Rinjani-trail, sample 4,
West Nusa Tenggara Prov., Lombok (Mt. Pusuk, Sajang, Sembalun, Sesaot). Elevation: 615–945 m.
This epithet is based on the Sasak tribe traditionally inhabiting the island of Lombok. It is a noun in apposition.
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC2331 (EMBL # LM655784), E-Java Prov., Banyuwangi Reg., Meru Betiri N.P., Sukamade, sample 2,
E-Java Prov. (Meru Betiri N.P.). Elevation: 260–340 m.
This epithet is based on the Indonesian word for “one” and is treated as a noun in apposition.
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (SMNK): ARC1438 (EMBL # LM655552), PHILIPPINES, Palawan, Puerto Princessa region, Sabang, Mt. Bloomfield,
Palawan (Mt. Bloomfield). Elevation: ca. 500–700 m.
This species is named in honour of Andreas Schulz (Leverkusen, Germany), a successful collector of edaphic arthropods.
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC0715 (EMBL # LM655540), E-Kalimantan Prov., Berau Dist., Hutan Wisata Sei Tangap, ca. 8 km W of Tanjungredeb,
E-Kalimantan Prov. (Tanjungredeb). Elevation: 20–190 m.
This epithet is based on the Indonesian word for “eleven” and is treated as a noun in apposition.
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC1499 (EMBL # LM655597), West Nusa Tenggara Prov., Sumbawa, Tepal, Pc. Nengas, sample 2,
West Nusa Tenggara Prov., Sumbawa (Batu Dulang, Tepal). Elevation: 1305–1490 m.
This epithet is based on the Indonesian word for “nine” and is treated as a noun in apposition.
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC2538 (EMBL # LM655875), W-Kalimantan Prov., Bengkayan, Suka-Bangun, Mt. Bawang, sample 5,
W-Kalimantan Prov. (Mt. Bawang). Elevation: 652 m.
This epithet is based on the Indonesian word for “ten” and is treated as a noun in apposition.
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC2730 (EMBL # LM655986), E-Sumatra,, Lampung Prov., Bukit Barisan Selatan N.P., Kota Agung, Sukaraja,
Lampung Prov. (Bukit Barisan Selatan N.P., Pedada Bay). Elevation: 371–744 m.
This epithet is based on the Latin adjective
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC2236 (EMBL # LM655692), East Nusa Tenggara Prov., Flores, Labuhan Bajo, Tebedo, sample 1:
East Nusa Tenggara Prov., Flores (Roe, Tebedo). Elevation: 525–975 m.
This epithet is a combination of the Latin nouns
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC2713 (EMBL # LM655969), West Java, Garut, Cikajang, Mt. Payung, sample 3,
W-Java Prov. (Mt. Payung). Elevation: 1250–1560 m.
This epithet is a combination of the Latin noun
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC2668 (EMBL # LM655926), West Java Prov., Sumedang, Sukajadi, Mt. Cakrabuana, sample 3,
W-Java Prov. (Mt. Cakrabuana). Elevation: 1292–1563 m.
This epithet is based on the Latin adjective
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC2547 (EMBL # LM655884), W-Kalimantan Prov., Singkawang, Mt. Poteng, sample 3,
W-Kalimantan Prov. (Singkawang). Elevation: 651 m.
This epithet is based on the type locality.
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC0281 (EMBL # LM655471), East Sumatra, Lampung Prov., Kalianda, Mt. Rajabasa, sample 1,
Lampung Prov. (Mt. Rajabasa). Elevation: 1257–1281 m.
This epithet is based on the Latin adjective
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC1510 (EMBL # LM655608), West Nusa Tenggara Prov., Sumbawa, Batu Dulang, Mt. Batu Pasak, sample 2,
West Nusa Tenggara Prov., Sumbawa (Batu Dulang, Tepal). Elevation: 1305–1490 m.
This epithet is based on the Latin adjective
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC2737 (EMBL # LM655993), East Sumatra, Lampung Prov., Gisting, Sidokaton, Mt. Tanggamus, sample 1,
Lampung Prov. (Mt. Tanggamus). Elevation: 1539–1759 m.
This epithet is based on the Latin adjective
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC2743 (EMBL # LM655999), East Sumatra, Lampung Prov., Gisting, Sidokaton, Mt. Tanggamus, sample 2,
Lampung Prov. (Sumberjaya, Mt. Tanggamus). Elevation: 1351–1636 m.
This epithet is based on the name of Sumatra Island.
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC3609 (EMBL # LM656039), West Nusa Tenggara Prov., Sumbawa, Tepal, Pc. Nengas, sample 3,
West Nusa Tenggara Prov., Sumbawa (Batu Dulang, Tepal). Elevation: 1280–1490 m.
This epithet is based on the island of Sumbawa.
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC1536 (EMBL # LM655634), Banten Prov., Pandegelang, Mt. Karang, sample 3,
Banten Prov. (Mt. Karang), W-Java Prov. (Mt. Halimun N.P.). Elevation: 1100–1200 m.
This epithet is based on the type locality which is situated just east of the Sunda Strait; it is also part of the Sunda region of Java.
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC2652 (EMBL # LM655910), West Java Prov., Bogor, Cidahu, Mt. Salak (near Javana Spa), sample 3,
W-Java Prov., (Mt. Gede, Mt. Halimun N.P., Kawah Kamojang, Mt. Salak). Elevation: 1400–1940 m.
This epithet is based on the Latin adjective
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC2195 (EMBL # LM655651), East Nusa Tenggara Prov., Flores, Ruteng, Mt. Ranaka, sample 1,
East Nusa Tenggara Prov., Flores (Ruteng). Elevation: 1535 m.
This epithet is based on the weevil genus
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC2312 (EMBL # LM655765), Bali, Busungbiu – Pupuan, Telaga, Primatani reserve, sample 2,
Bali (Telaga). Elevation: 625 m.
This epithet is based on the type locality, Telaga.
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC3588 (EMBL # LM656020), West Nusa Tenggara Prov., W-Sumbawa, Tepal, Pc. Nengas, sample 5,
West Nusa Tenggara Prov., Sumbawa (Tepal). Elevation: 1330 m.
This epithet is based on the type locality.
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC2243 (EMBL # LM655698), East Nusa Tenggara Prov., Flores Isl., Labuhan Bajo, Tebedo, sample 1,
East Nusa Tenggara Prov., Flores (Labuhan Bajo). Elevation: 525–790 m.
This epithet is based on the Indonesian word for “three” and is treated as a noun in apposition.
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC2531 (EMBL # LM655868), W-Kalimantan Prov., Bengkayan, Suka-Bangun, Mt. Bawang, sample 2,
W-Kalimantan Prov. (Mt. Bawang). Elevation: 275–556 m.
This epithet is based on the generic name, which is describing the triangular shape of the elytra very well. It is to be treated as a noun in apposition.
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC2231 (EMBL # LM655687), East Nusa Tenggara Prov., Flores Isl., Labuhan Bajo, Roe, sample 3,
East Nusa Tenggara Prov., Flores (Labuhan Bajo). Elevation: 975 m.
This epithet is based on the Indonesian word for “seven” and is treated as a noun in apposition.
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC1540 (EMBL # LM655638), Java, Banten Prov., Ujung Kulon N.P., Tama Jaya, Mt. Honje, sample 5,
Banten Prov. (Ujung Kulon N.P.). Elevation: 260–395 m.
This epithet is based on the type locality.
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC0314 (EMBL # LM655504), West Java Prov., SW Bandung, Ciwidey, Mt. Patuha, sample 2,
W-Java Prov., (Mt. Cikuray, Mt. Patuha, Mt. Tilu). Elevation: 1900–2100 m.
This epithet is based on the Latin adjective
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (MZB): ARC2514 (EMBL # LM655851), West Java Prov., Bandung, Lembang, Pangli, Mt. Bukittinggul, sample 1,
W-Java Prov. (Mt. Gede N.P., Mt. Bukittinggul, Mt. Cikuray, Mt. Payung, Talagabodas, Mt. Sawal), C-Java Prov. (Dieng, Mt. Slamet). Elevation: 990–1898 m.
This epithet is based on the Latin adjective
Holotype, male (Fig.
Holotype (SMNK): ARC2525 (EMBL # LM655862), MALAYSIA, Sarawak, Kuching, Mt. Santubong, sample 3,
Sarawak (Santubong). Elevation: 487–700 m.
This species is named in honour of Alfred Russel Wallace (1823–1913) for laying the foundation of research on the Natural History of the Indo-Australian Archipelago. He spent some time at this species´ type locality where he prepared the draft of his “Sarawak Law”.
1 | Metafemur subapically simple, without stridulatory patch. Length 1.90–2.65 mm. (subgenus |
|
1' | Metafemur subapically with stridulatory patch. Length 2.35–3.80 mm |
|
2 (1) | Elytra (Figs |
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2' | Elytra (e.g. Figs |
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3 (2) | Sutural interval of elytra swollen subapically, projecting in dorsal aspect. Penis (Fig. |
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3' | Elytral apex with sutural interval costate but not distinctly projecting in dorsal aspect. Penis (Fig. |
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4 (2') | Elytral striae with rows of elongate-claviform, rather slender scales |
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4' | Elytral striae with rows of claviform, wider scales |
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5 (4) | Elytral intervals costate-tuberculate. Penis (Fig. |
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5' | Elytral intervals costate. Penis (Fig. |
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6 (4') | Elytral intervals with relatively low costae. Penis (Figs |
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6' | Elytral intervals with costae more distinct. Penis (Figs |
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7 (6) | Color largely ferruginous. Penis (Fig. |
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7' | Color largely black. Penis (Fig. |
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8 (6') | Penis with endophallic structures as in Fig. |
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8' | Penis with endophallic structures as in Fig. |
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9 (1') | Elytra with striae deeply impressed; intervals costate to carinate. Femora each with small tooth. Penis (Fig. |
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9' | If elytral intervals costate, at least profemur edentate. Penis different, without pair of subapical blade-like processes |
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10 | Anteroventral ridge of femora forming blunt tooth, especially in meso- and metafemur |
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10' | All femora without tooth, or if species from Sumatra, meso- and metafemur with small denticle |
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11 (10) | Sutural interval of elytra at apex markedly swollen, forming pair of distinct apical protrusions. Species from W-Java |
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11' | Sutural interval of elytra at apex simple or weakly swollen. Species from E-Java |
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12 (11) | Sutural interval of elytra at apex forming median, apically bifid protrusion. Penis (Fig. |
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12' | Sutural interval of elytra at apex markedly swollen, forming pair of rounded apical protrusions. Penis (Figs |
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13 (12') | Transfer apparatus of penis (Fig. |
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13' | Transfer apparatus of penis (Fig. |
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14 (11') | Disk of pronotum (Fig. |
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14' | Punctation of pronotum more coarsely, forming more or less distinct pattern (Figs |
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15 (14') | Disk of pronotum (Fig. |
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15' | Disk of pronotum (Fig. |
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16 (10') | Elytral intervals each with secondary rows of punctures resembling striae; at middle with transverse subglabrous band |
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16' | Elytra with sculpture different; if sculpture coarse, never with transverse subglabrous band at middle |
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17 (16') | Elytra with striae indistinct, marked by fine lines and rows of small punctures; intervals flat, more or less coriaceous |
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17' | Elytra with striae deeply impressed and / or intervals elevated |
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18 (17) | Tarsomere 3 of protarsus 2.8–3.0 × as wide as tarsomere 1, markedly larger than of mesotarsus, (Fig. |
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18' | Tarsomere 3 of protarsus 2.4–2.7 × as wide as tarsomere 1, at most slightly larger than of mesotarsus (Figs |
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19 (18') | Body (Fig. |
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19' | Body (Fig. |
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20 (17') | Pronotum laterally without distinct preapical constriction. Usually larger species, length of elytra+pronotum 2.05–3.44 mm |
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20' | Pronotum laterally with distinct preapical constriction. Usually smaller species, length of elytra+pronotum 1.76–3.22 mm |
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21 (20) | Pronotum in apical half slightly rounded apicad. Species from East Sumatra |
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21' | Pronotum anterolaterally subangularly projecting. Species from Java |
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22 (21) | Elytra 2.62–2.65 × as long as pronotum. Penis (Fig. |
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22' | Elytra 2.50–2.56 × as long as pronotum. Sides of penis (Fig. |
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23 (21') | Elytral intervals carinate; striae with rows of long erect piliform scales |
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23' | Elytral intervals costate; striae with rows of shorter subrecumbent scales |
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24 (23) | Rostrum apically without distinct median denticle. Apex of penis (Fig. |
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24' | Rostrum apically with distinct median denticle. Apex of penis (Fig. |
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25 (23') | Elytral apex (Fig. |
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25' | Elytral apex (Fig. |
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26 (20') | Sides of pronotum behind preapical constriction rounded, without distinct angular projections |
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26' | Sides of pronotum behind preapical constriction angularly projecting |
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27 (26) | Sutural intervals of elytra extended into median apical tooth. Mt. Gede |
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27' | Sutural intervals of elytra at most swollen, but without distinct tooth |
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28 (27') | Elytral intervals costate-tuberculate; striae each with sparse row of suberect bristles |
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28' | Elytral intervals carinate; striae each with row of suberect piliform scales or without conspicuous pubescence |
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29 (28) | Penis (Fig. |
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29' | Penis (Fig. |
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30 (28') | Elytral striae each with row of minute recumbent scales. E-Sumatra |
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30' | Elytral striae with rows of suberect piliform scales. W-Java |
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31 (26') | Elytral intervals irregularly costate-tuberculate; especially towards sides costae laterally corrugate |
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31' | Elytral intervals costate-carinate |
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32 (31) | Rostrum apically with denticle |
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32' | Rostrum apically without denticle |
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33 (32) | Metatibia ventrally with sparse row of long erect setae. Penis (Fig. |
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33' | Metatibia ventrally simple, without row of long setae. Penis (Fig. |
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34 (32') | Elytral intervals partly flat, partly costate-tuberculate; interval 5 subbasally swollen. E-Sumatra |
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34' | Elytral intervals irregularly costate-tuberculate; interval 5 subbasally simple. W-Java |
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35 (34') | Penis (Fig. |
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35' | Penis (Fig. |
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36 (32') | Elytra subnude, with sparse small recumbent setae |
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36' | Elytral striae each with row of suberect piliform scales |
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37 (36) | Anterolateral angular projections of pronotum distinct. Elytra setae recumbent but distinct. Java |
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37' | Anterolateral angular projections of pronotum indistinct. Elytral setae minute, easily overlooked. E-Sumatra |
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38 (36') | Profemur edentate, meso- and metafemur ventrally with small denticle. E-Sumatra |
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38' | All femora edentate. Java |
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39 (38') | Sutural interval of elytra basally swollen, widened, raised above level of other intervals |
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39' | Sutural interval of elytra surmounted by other intervals |
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40 (39') | Rostrum subapically with median denticle. Abdominal ventrite 5 swollen, at middle with shallow impression |
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40' | Rostrum subapically simple. Abdominal ventrite 5 flat or slightly swollen in apical half |
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41 (40) | Profile of abdominal ventrite 2 projecting angularly. Penis (Fig. |
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41' | Profile of abdominal ventrite 2 simple. Penis (Fig. |
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42 (40') | Body (Fig. |
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42' | Body (Fig. |
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43 (42') | Penis (Fig. |
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43' | Penis (Fig. |
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1 | Body in dorsal aspect with marked constriction between pronotum and elytron. Pronotum in basal half with pair of sublateral, kidney-shaped impressions (Fig. |
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1' | Body subovate, in dorsal aspect with weak constriction between pronotum and elytron. Pronotum without pair of distinct sublateral impressions |
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2 | Profile with distinct constriction between pronotum and elytron. Pronotum (Figs |
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2' | Profile dorsally convex. Pronotum coarsely punctate, reticulate |
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3 (2') | Elytral intervals (Figs |
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3' | Elytral intervals (Figs |
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4 (3) | Median rod of transfer apparatus thick, straight, 2.0 × as long as body of penis (Fig. |
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4' | Median rod of transfer apparatus flagelliform, forming almost full coil, ca 2.7 × as long as body of penis (Fig. |
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5 (3') | Median rod of male transfer apparatus thin, shorter (1.4 × as long as body of penis), projecting basad (Fig. |
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5' | Median rod of male transfer apparatus thick, longer (1.6–1.7 × as long as body of penis), projecting basad further than apicad (Figs |
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6 (5') | Body of penis (Fig. |
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6' | Body of penis (Fig. |
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1 | Body in dorsal aspect with marked constriction between pronotum and elytron (e.g. Figs |
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1' | Body subovate, in dorsal aspect with weak constriction between pronotum and elytron (e.g. Figs |
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2 (1) | Length 1.44–2.20 mm. Pronotum in basal half with pair of sublateral impressions. Coloration of body dark ferruginous to black |
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2' | Length 2.20–4.04 mm. Pronotum without pair of distinct impressions. Coloration of body partly ferruginous, coppery, bronze, or black |
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3 (2) | Flagelliform transfer apparatus (Fig. |
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3' | Flagelliform transfer apparatus (Figs |
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4 (3') | Penis (Figs |
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4' | Penis with weakly subangulate or rounded apex never extended medially |
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5 (4) | Flagelliform transfer apparatus (Fig. |
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5' | Flagelliform transfer apparatus (Fig. |
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6 (4') | Flagelliform transfer apparatus (Fig. |
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6' | Flagelliform transfer apparatus (Figs |
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7 (6') | Flagelliform transfer apparatus ca. 3.0–3.3 × longer than body of penis; apodemes 2.4–2.5 × as long as body of penis. Sumbawa |
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7' | Flagelliform transfer apparatus ca. 4.0–7.0 × longer than body of penis; apodemes 3.2–4.1 × as long as body of penis. Flores |
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8 (7) | Penis (Fig. |
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8' | Penis (Fig. |
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9 (7') | Penis (Fig. |
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9' | Penis (Figs |
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10 (9') | Elytra more compact (Fig. |
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10' | Elytra more slender (Fig. |
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11 (2') | Profemur with large subacute tooth. Color of elytra black, usually basal third ferruginous |
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11' | Profemur with blunt tooth or simple |
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12 (11') | Color of elytra with bright metallic lustre, coppery |
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12' | Color of elytra black, sometimes basally ferruginous; at most with bronze lustre, never bright metallic |
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13 (12) | Onychium minute, drop-shaped, with median spine instead of pair of claws; weakly projecting beyond margin of tarsomere 3 |
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13' | Onychium distinctly projecting beyond margin of tarsomere 3, apically with pair of claws |
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14 (13') | Elytra with humeri markedly swollen, laterally markedly projecting (Figs |
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14' | Elytra with humeri simple (Fig. |
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15 (14) | Elytra (Fig. |
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15' | Elytra (Fig. |
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16 (14') | Elytra (Fig. |
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16' | Elytra (Fig. |
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17 (12') | Body (Fig. |
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17' | Body (Figs |
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18 (17') | Elytra (Fig. |
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18' | Elytra basally ferruginous; intervals 5 and 6 simple |
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19 (18') | Elytral interval 5 in front of middle swollen, dorsally projecting. Penis (Fig. |
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19' | Elytral interval 5 simple. Penis (Fig. |
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20 (1') | species from Lombok |
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20' | species from Sumbawa |
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20' | species from Flores |
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21 (20) | Elytral intervals flat, subglabrous. Pronotum longitudinally rugose |
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21' | Elytral intervals costate. Pronotum coarsely punctate |
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22 (21') | Elytra black except sutural interval ferruginous; intervals 3 and 5 more distinctly swollen, with row of punctures |
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22' | Elytra with bronze lustre; intervals 3 and 5 as other intervals, subglabrous |
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23 (20') | Elytra with intervals flat, striae marked by regular rows of punctures |
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23' | Elytra with striae deeply impressed, intervals costate |
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24 (23') | Elytra with bronze lustre |
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24' | Elytra largely black, without distinct metallic lustre |
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25 (24') | Sutural intervals of elytra costate, with row of punctures facing laterad. Abdominal ventrite 5 medially with shallow impression |
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25' | Sutural intervals of elytra forming pair of ridges, inner face with dense row of punctures. Abdominal ventrite 5 with median carina |
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26 (25') | Elytral interval 3 with dense row of punctures. Penis as in Fig. |
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26' | Elytral interval 3 subglabrous, with few punctures. Penis as in Fig. |
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27 (20') | Tarsomere 3 of protarsus enlarged, medially deeply incised. Penis (Fig. |
|
27' | Tarsomere 3 of protarsus of similar shape as tarsomere 3 of mesotarsus. Penis without marked constriction |
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28 (27') | Elytral intervals weakly costate, almost flat; striae consisting of rows of deeply impressed punctures |
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28' | Elytral intervals distinctly costate; striae incised |
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29 (28') | Abdominal ventrite 5 with median carina, at least in basal third |
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29' | Abdominal ventrite 5 without median carina |
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30 (29) | Elytral interval black; suture broadly sunk-in. Abdominal ventrite 5 with median carina in basal third |
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30' | Elytral interval ferruginous. Abdominal ventrite 5 with complete median carina |
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31 (30') | Elytral intervals subglabrous, forming regular costae. Penis (Fig. |
|
31' | Elytral intervals on dorsum punctate, along basal margin corrugate. Penis (Fig. |
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32 (29') | Metatibia apically with uncus and small premucro |
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32' | Metatibia apically with uncus, without premucro |
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33 (32) | Body (Fig. |
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33' | Body (Fig. |
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34 (32') | Body (Fig. |
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34' | Body wider (Figs |
|
35 (34') | Penis (Fig. |
|
35' | Penis (Fig. |
|
1 | Body subovate. Elytra with striae each bearing distinct row of suberect scales, intervals costate |
|
1' | Body subovate or subrhomboid. Elytra with striae simple, punctures containing small scale or seta; intervals flat. IF elytra with sparse rows of suberect scales and costate intervals, then body subrhomboid |
|
2 | Epistome with dorsoposteriad directed horn and rostrum at middle with dorsal protrusion |
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2' | Epistome with denticle; rostrum with median and pair of submedian ridges, without dorsal protrusion between antennal insertions |
|
3 (2) | Length 1.52–1.79 mm. Elytral intervals narrow, weakly costate |
|
3' | Length 2.32–2.45 mm. Elytral intervals subcarinate |
|
4 (1') | Elytra with humeri swollen, laterally markedly projecting |
|
4' | Elytra with humeri simple, not markedly projecting |
|
5 (4) | Pronotum anteriorly simple. Elytral striae deeply impressed; intervals costate. Anteroventral ridge of meso- and metafemur simple |
|
5' | Pronotum anteriorly with flanges projecting laterally. Elytral striae marked by small punctures; intervals flat. Anteroventral ridge of meso- and metafemur denticulate |
|
6 (4') | Profemur in basal half posteroventrally with slightly bifid tooth. Male metatibia ventrally with dense fringe of long, stiff setae |
|
6' | Profemur in basal half posteroventrally without tooth. Male metatibia with sparse rows of setae |
|
7 (6') | Elytral apex with suture distinctly incised. Abdominal ventrite 2 in profile simple. | |
7' | Elytral apex with suture simple, not incised. Abdominal ventrite 2 in profile projecting dentiform |
|
8 (7) | Penis as in Fig. |
|
8' | Penis as in Fig. |
|
9 (7') | In front of forehead median ridge of rostrum swollen, projecting subangularly from profile |
|
9' | Base of rostrum in profile simple, evenly confluent with forehead | |
10 (9) | Penis as in Fig. |
|
10' | Penis as in Fig. |
|
11 (9') | Color largely black. Elytral intervals flat. Penis as in Fig. |
|
11 | Color largely ferruginous. Elytral intervals weakly costate. Penis as in Fig. |
|
Herein, we apply our fast track taxonomy approach (
At the start of this project and based on literature the high diversity of
The field work for this study focused on eastern parts of Sumatra, Java and the Lesser Sunda Islands. Materials stored in museum collections neither contained
Most localities sampled by us harbour at least one species of
Wide areas of East Java and the Lesser Sunda Islands are markedly influenced by seasonal climate resulting in extensive monsoon forests, while wet evergreen forests persist on the slopes of higher mountains (
Looking at the distribution of
Herein, we provide faces to 98 hitherto unknown species by publishing their descriptions and images, in parallel also on the wiki-site Species-ID. The new names will be useful to deposit scientific data reliably and sustainably. Separate studies on the phylogeny and distribution patterns of
We thank LIPI (Indonesian Institute of Sciences), RISTEK (Ministry of State for Research and Technology, Indonesia) and the Indonesian Department of Forestry for providing relevant permits. The field work in Indonesia would not have been possible without the generous hospitality and help of many local people, and we thank all of them very warmly. Michi Schrödl (Munich) gave inspiration to use numbers as species epithets. We are grateful to Lyubomir Penev (Sofia) for his constant support during the publication of this study. We thank the German Research Foundation DFG (RI 1817/1-1, 3-1, 3-3) for financial support.