Corresponding author: Eduard Jendek (
Academic editor: L. Penev
The
The following new taxonomic and nomenclatural acts are proposed.
This publication presents the first comprehensive revision of the
The state of species taxonomy has remained unrevised despite the fact that the two most serious pests in the citrus orchards
The format of the taxonomic part, style of the new species descriptions and morphological terms follow those used in
According to Article 74.7.3 of the
Within the
Species:
Diagnostic characters: antennae very short, serrate from antennomere 5; pronotum obviously convex, without apparent impressions, maximum width of pronotum at posterior margin; groove on apex of last ventrite deeply sinuate; ovipositor square.
Species:
Diagnostic characters: body large or medium sized; head with deep medial longitudinal impressions; maximum width of pronotum at posterior margin, rarely at middle; elytral pubescence at least partly fasciate; apex of elytra pubescent and concolor with elytral disk; ovipositor prolonged.
Species:
Diagnostic characters: body medium sized; head with deep medial longitudinal impressions; anterior pronotal lobe obvious; pronotum widest at posterior margin or at middle; prehumerus long, reaching to anterior pronotal angles, often joined with pronotal marginal carina; elytral pubescence at least partly fasciate; apex of elytra with strikingly different color than disk; prosternal lobe emarginate; apex of pygidium arcuate; groove on apex of last ventrite arcuate; ovipositor prolonged.
Species:
Diagnostic characters: body medium or large, robust; head with deep medial longitudinal impressions; pronotum widest at posterior margin or at middle; elytral pubescence mosaic or at least partly mosaic; apex of pygidium angulate or with short protrusion, rarely arcuate; apex of last ventrite smooth, without medial carinula; ovipositor square.
Species:
Diagnostic characters: body medium sized, slender; head with medium or deep medial impressions; antennae long; pronotum widest in middle, rarely at anterior margin; elytral pubescence mosaic or at least partly mosaic; pygidium angulate, with protrusion or long spine; ovipositor prolonged.
Species:
Diagnostic characters: body medium or large, robust; head with or without medial impression; pronotum widest at anterior margin or in middle, rarely at posterior margin; elytral pubescence fasciate or ornamental, rarely missing; elytral apex concolor with elytral disk, rarely indistinctly carmine; ovipositor prolonged.
Species:
Diagnostic characters: body medium, robust; head rarely without medial impression; pronotum widest in middle; elytral pubescence fasciate or ornamental, rarely missing; pygidium arcuate or with short protrusion, never with long spine; ovipositor prolonged.
Size 7.2–8.5 mm.
CHINA: 2 ♂, 1 ♀ (USNM): “CB [citrus borer?] adults, Chengtu, China, v.28.-vi.5. ‘[19]39, Kovlieu [Note: Chengtu may refer to many po- pulated places in several provinces of China”. JAPAN: Kyushu: 23 (USNM): “Kagoshima, Kyushu, 5-v-1940, F. Yano”; 2 ♂, 1 ♀ (USNM): “Kagoshima: Kyushu, Japan, 5-v-1940 (F. Yano)”. For further records see
5–6–7–9.
CHINA[provincial level unknown]. JAPAN: Kyushu; Ryukyu islands (Okinawa incl.).
Size 6.7–10 mm.
INDIA: Assam: 1 ♀ (EJCB): “NE India, Assam, 1999, 5 km N of Umrongso, 700m,
4–5–6.
Unknown.
INDIA: Assam; Meghalaya; Sikkim; West Bengal. LAOS: Louang Namtha; Phongsali.
Size: 5.0–8.8 mm.
CHINA: Guangxi: 1 (IZAS): “Guangxi, Longzhou, 140m, 1.v.1963, Y. Wang leg.”. VIETNAM: 1 (IZAS): “Tonkin, Hoa Binh, vii.1931, A. De Cooman leg.”. For further records see
4–5–6–7–8–10.
CHINA: Fujian; Guangdong; Guangxi; Hong Kong; Hubei; Hunan; Jiangxi; Sichuan; Taiwan; Zhejiang. JAPAN: Honshu; Kyushu. LAOS. MYANMAR. SAMOA. VIETNAM.
Habitus of
Size 5.8–8.1 mm.
CHINA: Guizhou: 1 ♀ (MNHN): “Kouy-Tchéou, R. P. J. R. Chaffanjon 1903”. Taiwan: 1 (EJCB): “Meiyuan, Nantou Hsien, Taiwan, 5.v.1993, Luo Chinchi leg.”. LAOS: Louangphrabang: 1 ♀ (EJCB): “Laos-N, 23.iv.1999, Louangphrabang prov.
4–5–10.
Unknown.
CHINA: Guizhou; Taiwan. LAOS: Louangphrabang. VIETNAM: Gia Lai; Hoa Binh.
Size 6.1 mm; it can be distinguished from
JAPAN: Ryukyu islands: 1 ♂ (EJCB): “1996.4.19, Ishigaki Is., Okinawa, Ryukyu, K. Takahashi leg.”.
JAPAN: Ryukyu islands (Okinawa incl.).
The type specimens of this taxon were not studied; they should be preserved in NSMT as stated by
Size: 6.9–9.2 mm. This species is distinctive by the glabrous elytra (
Unknown.
INDONESIA: Irian Jaya.
No specimens of this species were available for this study. The assignment of this taxon to
Size 6.8–7.1 mm. From the similar
Known only from type specimens.
RUSSIA: Primorskiy kray.
Size: 6.5–7.3 mm.
SRILANKA:1 ♂ (EJCB): “Sri Lanka: Anu Distr., 6 miles south of Tantirimalai, 2000ft, 31 Oct 1976”; 1 ♀ (EJCB): “Ceylon, E. Prov., Pottuvil, 1-12/vii.-1983 Ole Mehl. leg.”; 1 ♀ (EJCB): “Ceylon, N. C. Prov., Anuradhapura, 22-26/vi.-1985, Ole Mehl. leg.”.
6–7–10.
Unknown.
SRILANKA.
Size 7.8–9.8 mm. Within the subgroup,
CHINA: 1 (IZAS): “[China] Shuangjiang, vi.1953 [in Chinese]”. Yunnan: 1 (IZAS): “Yunnan Xishuangbanna Xiaomengyang, 850m, 9.vii.1957, S. Y. Wang leg. [in Chinese]”; 3 (IZAS): “Yunnan Xishuangbanna Menghun, 750m, 2–7.vi.1958, S. Y. Wang leg. [in Chinese]”; 1 (IZAS): “Yunnan Xishuangbanna Damenglong, 650m, 5.v.1958, X. W. Meng leg. [in Chinese]”. THAILAND: Chaiyaphum: 1 (EJCB): “Thailand, Chaiyaphum Tat Tone NP, near stream,
4–5–6–7.
CHINA: Fujian; Yunnan. LAOS: Borikhamxai; Khammouan; Louang Namtha; Louangphrabang; Savannakhet; Xaignabouri; Xiangkhoang. MYA-NMAR: Karen State. THAILAND: Chaiyaphum; Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai. VIETNAM: Binh Dinh; Gia Lai; Hoa Binh; Lam Dong; Son La.
BODY. Size: 9.6–10.7 mm (Holotype 10 mm).Shape: subparallel, Build: robust, Posterior tapering part: short with broad apex, Color (dorsally): unicolored, Sexual modifications in male: not apparent. HEAD.Size: very large, Medial impression: deep, Epistoma: raised above frons.
From the very close
China,Hainan, Baihualing, 19.018, 109.836, altitude 300 m.
Holotype (
Habitus of
5–6 .
Unknown.
CHINA:Hainan; Zhejiang.
The specific name is Latin adjective
BODY. Size: 6.4–7.5 mm (Holotype 6.5 mm).Shape: cuneiform, Posterior tapering part: long with narrow apex, Color (dorsally): unicolored, Sexual modifications in male: not apparent. HEAD. Medial impression: deep, rarely shallow, Epistoma: raised above frons,
Aedeagus of
From the close
North Vietnam,
Holotype (
5–6 .
Unknown.
VIETNAM:Lang Son.
The specific name is Latin adjective
Types of
Size: 5.5–9.3 mm.
INDONESIA: Java: 1 ♂ (EJCB): “F. H. Doesburg, Java, Samarang”; 1 ♂ (EJCB): “Java Samarang”; 1 ♂ (EJCB): “Java Malang”; 1 (USNM): “L. G. E. Kalshoven, Java 250m, Buitenzorg, ix.1924, NS 176”; 1 (USNM): “Dr. L. J. Toxopeus, Preanger, Java, Bandoeng, 27.xi.31, Djeroek”; 1 (USNM): “Dr. L. J. Toxopeus, Preanger, Java, Bandoeng, xi.1932”; 1 ♂ (EJCB): “Indonesia, Java, Bandung, iv.1993 on Citrus trees”; 8 (EJCB): “Indonesia, Java isl, East Java prov., 6 km SE of Lasem, Celering Mt., 23. I. 1998, St. Jákl leg.”; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (EJCB): “Indonesia, Java cent., Lasem env. - 4 km E of, Gunung Celering 140 m, 23–24. I. 1998, R. Červenka lgt.”. Kalimantan: 3 (EJCB): “Borneo occ. Pontianak 1901”. Lesser Sunda: 2 ♂, 2 ♀ (EJCB): “Sumbawa Colffs.”; 3 ♂ (EJCB): “W Timor, 350 m, Buraen, 50 km S Kupang, 26.i.-9.ii.2006, S. Jákl leg.”. Sulawesi: 1 (EJCB): “Celebes”; 2 ♂, 1 ♀ (USNM): “Celebes NEJ, Watampone vi 1935, leg. L. E. C. Veen”.Sumatra: 1 ♂ (EJCB): “W Sumatra, 1991”; 1 ♀ (EJCB): “W Sumatra, Solok, Jul 1995”; 1 ♂ (EJCB): “Sumatra, Harau valley, April 1996”; 1 ♂, 4 ♀ (EJCB): “W Sumatra, Harau Valley, 700 m, iv.2004, S. Jákl leg.”; 1 ♂ (EJCB): “Indonesia, W Sumatra, Harau Valley, 500-800 m, ca 20 km N of Payakumbuh, iv-v.2006, S. Jákl leg.”; 3 ♂ (EJCB): “Indonesia, W Sumatra, Harau Valley, 500–800 m, ca 20 km N of Payakumbuh, 5-28.ii.2006, S. Jákl leg.”; 1 ♀ (EJCB): “Indonesia, W Sumatra, Harau Valley, 500-800 m, N of Payakumbuh, iv-v.2006”; 1 ♂ (EJCB): “Indonesia, W Sumatra, Harau Valley, 500-800 m, ca 20 km N of Payakumbuh, iv-v.2006, S. Jákl leg.”; 1 ♂ (EJCB): “Indonesia, W Sumatra, Harau Valley, 500–800 m, ca 20 km N of Payakumbuh, ii.2006, S. Jákl leg.”; 8 (EJCB): “Indonesia, W Sumatra, Mt. Tandikat, 400-600m, ca 25 km N Pariaman, i. 2007 S. Jákl leg.”; 1 ♂ (EJCB): “Indonesia, W Sumatra, Harau Valley, 500–800 m, ca 20 km N of Payakumbuh, v-vi.2007, S. Jákl leg.”; 8 (EJCB): “Indonesia, W Sumatra, Harau Valley, 500-800 m, ca 20 km N of Payakumbuh, v-vi.2007, S. Jákl leg.”; 2 ♂, 2 ♀ (EJCB): “Indonesia, W Sumatra, Harau Valley, 500-800 m, ca 20 km N of Payakumbuh, viii.2009, S. Jákl leg.”. LAOS: Vientiane: cca 55 (EJCB): “Laos centr., 27. IV. -1. V. 1997, 70 km NE Vientiane, Ban Phabat env., 150 m,
1–2–3–4–5–6–7–8–9–10–11–12.
AUSTRALIA: Queensland. CAMBODIA: Phnum Penh. CHINA: Taiwan. INDONESIA: Irian Jaya; Java; Kalimantan; Lesser Sunda (incl. West Timor); Maluku; Sulawesi; Sumatra. LAOS: Vientiane. MALAYSIA: Johor; Malaysia Peninsular; Pahang; Perak. NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS. PAPUA NEW GUINEA. PHILIPPINES: Luzon isl. group; Mindanao isl. group; Palawan isl. group; Visayas islands. THAILAND: Chiang Mai; Mae Hong Son; Nakhon Ratchasima; Yala. VIE-TNAM: Ba Ria-Vung Tau.
See
INDIA: West Bengal: 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (MNHN): “British Bootang, Maria Basti, Durel [leg.]”. For further records see:
4.
Unknown.
CHINA: Fujian; Guangxi; Yunnan. INDIA: West Bengal. VIE-TNAM.
BODY. Size: 8.4 mm (Holotype).Shape: cuneiform, Build: slender, Color (dorsally): bicolored. HEAD. Medial impression: deep,
From the very similar
Thailand, Sakon Nakhon province, Phu Phane National Park,
Holotype (
9.
Unknown.
THAILAND: Sakhon Nakhon.
The specific name is the Latin adjective
BODY. Size: 12.6 mm (Holotype).Shape: cuneiform, Build: robust, Color (dorsally): unicolored. HEAD. Medial impression: deep, Epistoma: raised above frons,
Northeastern India, Meghalaya, southwest of Cherrapunjee, 25°13'–14'N 91°40'E, altitude 900 m.
Holotype (
5.
Unknown.
INDIA: Meghalaya.
The specific name is Latin adjective
BODY. Size: 5.9–8.1 mm (Holotype 8.1 mm).Shape: cuneiform, Color (dorsally): bicolored, rarely unicolored, Sexual modifications in male: not apparent. HEAD. Medial impression: deep, Epistoma: raised above frons,
From very similar
Laos, Louang Namtha pr.,
Holotype (
5.
Unknown.
LAOS:Houaphan; Louang Namtha.
The specific name is derived from Greek prefix
Size: 6.1–8.4 mm.
INDIA: Karnataka: 1 (CBCS): “S. Coorg, S. India, Ammatti, 3100 ft, II.1952”. Kerala: 2 ♂ (EJCB): “S India, Kerala, Thekkady Periyar Lake, 9.34 N, 77.10 E, 900–1000 m, 19-27. IV. 1997, Dembický & Pacholátko leg.”. Tamil Nadu: 1 ♂, 8 ♀ (EJCB): “S India, Tamil Nadu, Nilgiri Hills, 15 km SE Kotagiri, near Kunchappanai, alt. 900 m, 13-20. V. 1994,
2–4–5.
Unknown.
INDIA: Karnataka; Kerala; Tamil Nadu.
BODY. Size: 9.9 mm (Holotype).Shape: subparallel, Build: robust, Posterior tapering part: short with broad apex, Color (dorsally): unicolored. HEAD. Medial impression: deep, Epistoma: raised above frons,
The very distinctive species which differs from all other members of
NorthVietnam, Tonkin, Ninh Binh province, Cuc-Phuong national park, 20°18'N, 105°39'00"E.
Holotype (
5.
Unknown.
VIETNAM: Ninh Binh.
The specific name is the Latin adjective
Size: 7.5–9.5 mm. Very close to
CHINA: Fujian: 1 ♂ (EJCB): “Shunchang Fujian, 27.iv.1979, Shicheng Ji leg”. Hainan: 1 ♀ (USNM): “Hainan Is, Woh Hau Chuen, E of Nodoa, Jul 3, 1929”; 1 ♀ (MNHN): “Hainan, Hu...[illegible], G. Ros leg. 23.v.[19]36”. Yunnan: 1 (IZAS): “Yunnan Xishuangbanna Menghun, 1200-1400m, 28.iv.1958, C. P. Hong leg. [in Chinese]”; 1 (IZAS): “Yunnan Xishuangbanna Mengsong, 1600m, 28.iv.1958, S. Y. Wang leg. [in Chinese]”; 1 (IZAS): “Yunnan Xishuangbanna Damenglong, 650m, 11.iv.1958, L. Y. Zheng leg. [in Chinese]”. For further records see
4–5–6–7.
Unknown.
CHINA: Fujian; Hainan; Yunnan. LAOS: Borikhamxai; Louang Namtha; Vientiane; Xaignabouri; Xiangkhoang. VIETNAM: Ha Noi; Ha Tay; Hoa Binh.
BODY. Size: 10.2–12.7 mm (Holotype 12.7 mm).Shape: subparallel, Build: robust, Posterior tapering part: short with broad apex, Color (dorsally): bicolored. HEAD. Medial impression: deep, Epistoma: raised above frons,
South India, Karnataka state, Coorg district, northeastern Virajpet,
Holotype (
6–7–8.
Unknown.
INDIA: Karnataka.
The specific name is an adjective derived from the Greek verb
BODY. Size: 12 mm (Holotype).Shape: cuneiform, Posterior tapering part: long with narrow apex, Color (dorsally): unicolored. HEAD. Medial impression: deep, Epistoma: raised above frons,
Northeastern India, Assam, 5 km north of Umrongso, altitude 700 m,
Holotype (
5.
Unknown.
INDIA: Assam.
The specific name is a noun in apposition. It refers to the Umrongso, the type locality of the species.
Size: 6.9–11.7 mm.
KOREA SOUTH:1 ♂ (MNHN): “Corée, Mirinai, Chass. indigènes”. For further records see
5–6–7.
CHINA: Liaoning; Nei Mongol; Taiwan. JAPAN: Honshu; Kyushu; Ryukyu isl. (Okinawa incl.); Shikoku; Tsushima. KOREA NORTH. KOREA SOUTH.
See
5–6.
CHINA: Gansu; Hubei; Shaanxi; Shandong; Yunnan; Zhejiang.
All collection curators are sincerely acknowledged for their help in accessing the specimens. For consultation and comments to the early version of the manuscript I thank Aleš Smetana & Vasily Grebennikov (both Ottawa, Canada).
Character state matrix for species from