Corresponding author: Marcela Cornelis (
Academic editor: Thomas Henry
In Argentina, five genera and 14 species are recorded in the subfamilies
The
In the Neotropical catalogue,
Argentina, the geographical area considered in this paper, lies in the Neotropical Region. The country covers an area of 2,791,810 km2 and is bordered by Uruguay, Brazil, Paraguay, Bolivia, and Chile. Approximately 75% of the country is occupied by arid and semiarid areas, but rainforests are also present in the northeastern part of the country, for example the Yungas and Paranaense regions.
Knowledge of the South American fauna is poor, especially in relation to the taxa of economic importance, and no comprehensive keys for identification of the species living in the region have previously been published.
The objective of this paper is to provide an illustrated key of the genera of
The specimens examined belong to the collections of the Museo de Ciencias Naturales de La Plata (MLP), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina (
Observations were made with a Leica MZ95 stereoscope and measurements with a micrometer eyepiece and expressed in millimeters (mm). The male genitalia were dissected by removing the pygophore from the abdomen with a pair of forceps, and the female genitalia by cutting the genital plates with 12 cm dental standard straight scissors. Genitalia from both sexes were cleared in a KOH solution for 24 hours. All dissected structures were stained with methylene blue and photographed in glycerin. Images of adults and genitalia were taken with a digital camera (Kodak 3.1 megapixels) and a magnifying Wild M-Stereomicroscope. The terminology of the male and female genitalia follows
1 | Scutellum with 1–7 pairs of conspicuous trichobothria along lateral margins ( |
2 |
– | Scutellum without trichobothria; legs long and thin, fore femur at most only moderately incrassate; rostrum relatively slender and elongate; antennae long with four segments, and sometimes an additional ring-shaped segment at the base of the second; not shiny black. (Subfamily |
4 |
2 | Rostral segment II shorter than III, not extending beyond hind margins of eyes (Subgenus |
|
– | Rostral segment II longer than III, extending distinctly beyond hind margins of eyes (Subgenus |
3 |
3 | Rostrum reaching from the middle to the apex of fore coxae. Fore trochanter with 4–6 minute black teeth, middle and hind trochanters without teeth. Fore femur strongly thickened | |
– | Rostrum reaching the middle of the mesothorax. Fore, middle and hind trochanters without teeth. Fore femur moderately thickened | |
4 | First antennal segment twice as long as the head and thickened on apical third | |
– | First antennal segment never twice the long of the head and not thickened apically | 5 |
5 | Fore and middle legs with rows of long and rigid spines ( |
|
– | Fore and middle legs without rows of long and rigid spines | 6 |
6 | Fore and middle femora armed beneath with minute, short, rather blunt piceous teeth ( |
|
– | Fore and middle femora with short dense setae shiny, without teeth ( |
7 |
7 | Body robust and shining, sparsely covered with fine, whitish pubescence | |
– | Body not robust and shining, covered with abundant whitish pubescence | 8 |
8 | Body slender and elongate | 9 |
– | Body not slender and elongate | 10 |
9 | Hemelytra clear and hyaline. Second segment of rostrum slightly longer than the third. Pronotum slightly longer than broad (Subgenus |
|
– | Hemelytra not clear and hyaline. Second segment of rostrum slightly shorter than the third. Pronotum slightly broader than long | |
10 | Venter uniformly sordid brown. Hemelytra short in brachypterous form, reaching onto the middle of the first dorsal segment of the abdomen | |
– | Venter not sordid brown. Hemelytra in brachypterous form surpassing the middle of the first dorsal segment of the abdomen | 11 |
11 | Length of first antennal segment equal to or slightly shorter than the distance between the eyes. Length of second antennal segment subequal to the width of the base of the pronotum. Membrane in brachypterous form slightly surpassing the apex of the corium | |
– | Length of first antennal segment markedly shorter than the distance between the eyes. Second antennal segment shorter than the width of the base of the pronotum. Membrane in brachypterous form widely surpassing the apex of the corium | 12 |
12 | Pronotum in macropterous form greatly expanded behind, a third wider than long. Pronotum in brachypterous form visibly wider than long, but strongly compressed on the sides between the anterior and posterior lobes | |
– | Pronotum in macropterous form not more than one fifth wider than long. Pronotum in brachypterous form as wide as long, anterior and posterior lobes not so markedly different | 13 |
13 | Body and legs robust. Eyes large. Length of antennal segment II hardly equal to the width of the head across eyes | |
– | Body and legs more slender. Eyes smaller. Length of antennal segment II slightly longer than width of the head across eyes |
Black or fuscous shining species, having the eyes large, prominent and coarsely granulated; pronotum longer than broad with a fine, straight, transverse groove very close to front margin; scutellum with two small median fovea; embolium of hemelytra present; front and middle tibiae with a spongy fossa at apex.
Rostral segment II shorter than or as long as segment III, in most species not surpassing hind margin of eye. Corium and clavus uniformly (strongly or moderately) shining throughout. Both veins of corium (R+M and Cu) or at least the inner vein (Cu) distinct up to hind margin of corium. Vein Cu with punctures (obsolete in some species) on both sides.
ARGENTINA: BUENOS AIRES: Prov. de Buenos Aires, J. Bosq. 1 ♀ (MLP); Ciudad de Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires: Caballito, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Chacabuco, Ciudad de Bs. As., San Fernando, Tandil; Chaco: Resistencia; Chubut: Rio Turbio, El Maiten, Pedregos Epuyen; Córdoba: Alta Gracia Misiones; Río Negro: Ñorquinco, El Bolsón; Salta: Metan; San Luis; Santa Fé: Ciudad de Santa Fé.
Brazil: Goyas, São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Santa Catarina; Paraguay: Asunción, Horqueta; Uruguay: Colonia, Montevideo, Soriano.
Female (n = 5): Length 5.00–6.36 (mean = 5.96). Head: length 0.82–0.90 (mean = 0.85), width 0.82–0.91 (mean = 0.89); eye width 0.41–0.48 (mean = 0.45), interocular width 0.29–0.33 (mean = 0.30). Rostrum: ratio of segment lengths about 1: 1.96 : 2.28 : 1. Antenna: ratio of segment about 1: 0.57 : 2.48 : 2.27 : 2.21. Pronotum length 1.35–1.59 (mean = 1.47), width 1.69–1.88 (mean = 1.77). Hemelytra length 2.07–4.05 (mean = 3.47). Abdomen: length 2.17–2.66 (mean = 2.47), width 1.93– 2.18 (mean = 2.07). Legs: fore femora: length 1.24–1.35 (mean = 1.31), width 0.42–0.53 (mean = 0.47); middle femora: length 1.21–1.40 (mean = 1.33), width 0.27–0.33 (mean = 0.30); hind femora 1.78–1.83 (mean = 1.81), width 0.29–0.33 (mean = 0.31). Fore tibiae: length 1.03–1.25 (mean = 1.12), width 0.21–0.29 (mean = 0.27); middle tibiae: length 1.11–1.35 (mean = 1.24), width 0.14–0.19 (mean = 0.15); hind tibiae: length 1.87–2.12 (mean = 2.01), width 0.09–0.17 (mean = 0.13).
Argentina: La Pampa, Santa Rosa:
Rostral segment II longer than or as long as segment III and surpassing hind margin of eye. At least inner half of clavus and inner corner of corium dull, differing from the shining outer part of hemelytron; in most species, the shining part occupies only the outer part of corium outside the medial fracture. Only vein Cu on corium distinct, but obsolete or lacking in hind part of corium. Usually, vein Cu with punctures on outer side only.
Buenos Aires, Salta.
Ecuador: Milagro; Paraguay: Asunción; Surinam: Saramacca; Uruguay: Montevideo.
Formosa.
Bolivia: Rosario, Villa Vicencio; Brazil: Mato Grosso, Santarem; Colombia; Paraguay: Gran Chaco, Horqueta; Surinam: Kwatta, Wagenijen; Venezuela: Sarán de Aquae Apuae.
Elongate, narrow finely pubescent species having the head behind eyes constricted to form a long cylindrical neck; vertex with two fine median grooves; rostrum reaching front coxae; pronotum about as wide at base as long, strongly constricted behind middle, front lobe with a narrow median carina, and side margins distinct; hemelytra surpassing tip of abdomen, membrane large without closed discal cells; fore femora feebly swollen, armed beneath with a number of short distinct spines; fore tibiae setose beneath, apices obliquely truncate.
Buenos Aires: Tigre, San Fernando.
Brazil: Bahia, Mato Grosso, Santa Catarina. Surinam: Moengo.
Posterior lobe of pronotum strongly punctate; hemelytra distinctly constricted before the middle, the costal margin ciliate; femora annulate before the apex; posterior tibiae clothed with long, suberect setae.
ARGENTINA: BUENOS AIRES: San Isidro
Buenos Aires: San Isidro.
Guatemala; Honduras; México: Atoyac, Teapa; Panama: Volcan de Chiriqui. México to Panama.
Female (n = 1):Length 6.88. Head: length 0.83, width 0.67; eye width 0.31, interocular width 0.26. Rostrum: ratio of segment lengths about 1: 3.86 : 3.47 : 2.08. Antenna: ratio of segment about 1: 1.56 : 1.56 :1.45. Pronotum length 1.19, width 1.40. Hemelytra length 4.68. Abdomen: length 3.12, width 1.76. Legs: fore femora: length 1.82, width 0.26; middle femora: length 1.71, width 0.20; hind femora 2.34, width 0.15. Fore tibiae: length 1.66, width 0.10; middle tibiae: length 1.71, width 0.10; hind tibiae: length 2.96, width 0.078.
Fore leg:
Body elongated and light brown. Head covered with abundant long white setae; area between eyes and antennae, and lateral anteocular region brown. Rostrum reaching middle coxae. Antennae long with setae, segment II with a distal band dark brown band; segments III and IV darker than I and II.
1 ♀
Anterior and intermediate femora armed beneath with minute short, rather blunt, piceous teeth; tibiae annulate through out the entire length.
USA: Iowa: Ames 42°1'38"N, 93°37'54"W, 12–X–1926 H. M. Harris col., Harris det. 1 ♀ (MLP); Davenport 41°33'15"N, 90°36'14"W, 31–VIII–1927 H. G Johnston col., Harris det. 2 ♂♂ (MLP).
Brazil. Central and South America from the central part of México to Argentina. Costa Rica: Volcán de Iraza. Eastern North America. Guatemala: Vera Paz, Capetillo. México: Atoyac, Cuernavaca, Guerrero, Orizaba, San Marcos, Teapa, Vera Cruz. Panama: Volcán de Chiriqui. West Indies.
This species is not mapped because the exact place is not specified, according to
Male (n = 2): Length 6.24–6.60 (mean = 6.42). Head: length 0.90–1.01 (mean = 0.95), width 0.82; eye width 0.37, interocular width 0.30–0.33 (mean = 0.31). Rostrum: ratio of segment lengths about 1: 2.45 : 2.63 : 1.36. Antenna: ratio of segment about 1: 1.60: 1.38: 1.34. Pronotum length 1.30, width 1.45–1.60 (mean = 1.52). Hemelytra length 3.91–4.44 (mean = 4.17). Abdomen: length 3.00–3.18 (mean = 3.09), width 1.65– 1.93 (mean = 1.79). Legs: fore femora: length 1.84–1.88 (mean = 1.86), width 0.37); middle femora: length 1.70–1.76 (mean = 1.73), width 0.26; hind femora 2.00–2.25 (mean = 2.12), width 0.18–0.20 (mean = 0.19). Fore tibiae: length 1.54, width 0.11; middle tibiae: length 1.61–1.70 (mean = 1.65), width 0.075; hind tibiae: length 2.44–2.60 (mean = 2.52), width 0.075.
Female(n = 1)
Body elongate or oblong-oval, usually slender. Pronotum campanulate with two fine transverse constrictions, humeral angles rounded, hind margin subtruncate; scutellum small, triangular, apex obtuse; clavus widened behind; hemelytra entire reaching or surpassing tip of abdomen, or abbreviated reaching only second dorsal segment, membrane with three elongate cells, their terminal bounding vein with numerous short veins radiating to tip of membrane; connexivum in males of macropterous forms usually narrowly or not at all exposed, in females more broadly so; front femora spindleshaped, moderately swollen, femora and tibiae beset beneath with numerous fine setae; front and middle tibiae with a short spongy lobe at apex; tarsi 3-jointed.
Holotype ♂ BUENOS AIRES: Tandil
Buenos Aires: Tandil.
Body long and narrow, antennae and legs long, hemelytra surpassing tip of abdomen. Abdomen usually with clear edges. Paramere small.
BUENOS AIRES: Bs. As. 1 ♀ (MLP); J. Bosq col., 1 ♀ (MLP); 1776 Harris det., 1 ♂ (MLP); Alm. Brown
Buenos Aires: Alm. Brown, Arrecifes, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, José C. Paz, La Plata, Luján, Mar del Plata, Punta de Indio, Rincón de Noario, San Nicolas; Catamarca: Pomán; Córdoba: Alta Gracia, Cabana, Marull, San Antonio de Arredondo; Corrientes: San Roque; Jujuy: Pampa Blanca; La Pampa: Winifreda; Misiones: Loreto, Río Bermejo, Salto; Salta (Río Bermejo); Santiago del Estero: Girardet, Quimilí.
Brazil: Santaren, Corumbá, Rio de Janeiro; Chile: Arica, Continental Chile and Easter Island; Guyana; México; Peru: Lima; Uruguay: Montevideo.
According to
Male(n = 5): Length 8.54–9.10 (mean = 8.74). Head: length 0.92–1.06 (mean = 1.00), width 0.71–0.72 (mean = 0.712); eye width 0.28–0.33 (mean = 0.31), interocular width 0.28–0.32 (mean = 0.30). Rostrum: ratio of segment lengths about 1: 2.59 : 2.73 : 1.38. Antenna: ratio of segment about 1: 1.75 : 1.76 : 1.07. Pronotum length 1.19–1.35 (mean = 1.25), width 1.27–1.42 (mean = 1.36). Hemelytra length 6.10–6.60 (mean = 6.38). Abdomen: length 3.05–3.76 (mean = 3.38), width 1.14–1.70 (mean = 1.45). Legs: fore femora: length 2.13–2.16 (mean = 2.14), width 0.31–0.36 (mean = 0.34); middle femora: length 1.87–1.98 (mean = 1.95), width 0.12–0.23 (mean = 0.16); hind femora 3.05–3.26 (mean = 3.13), width 0.12–0.15 (mean = 0.13). Fore tibiae: length 1.70–1.86 (mean = 1.79), width 0.10; middle tibiae: length 1.77–1.92 (mean = 1.84), width 0.05–0.07 (mean = 0.064); hind tibiae: length 3.48–3.76 (mean = 3.66), width 0.05–0.07 (mean = 0.064).
Female(n = 5): Length 7.77–9.87 (mean = 8.85). Head: length 0.98–1.13 (mean = 1.03), width 0.71–0.78 (mean = 0.73); eye width 0.31–0.35 (mean = 0.33), interocular width 0.28–0.32 (mean = 0.30). Rostrum: ratio of segment lengths about 1: 2.42 : 2.57 : 1.28. Antenna: ratio of segment about 1: 1.69 : 1.73 : 1.07. Pronotum length 1.27–1.42 (mean = 1.34), width 1.42–1.63 (mean = 1.51). Hemelytra length 5.53–7.17 (mean = 6.44). Abdomen: length 3.12–3.69 (mean = 3.46), width 1.04–1.56 (mean = 1.32). Legs: fore femora: length 2.08–2.27 (mean = 2.23), width 0.35–0.39 (mean = 0.37); middle femora: length 1.91–2.13 (mean = 2.03), width 0.20–0.28 (mean = 0.22); hind femora 3.12–3.33 (mean = 3.2), width 0.12–0.26 (mean = 0.19). Fore tibiae: length 1.82–1.91 (mean = 1.86), width 0.10–0.12 (mean = 0.104); middle tibiae: length 1.91–2.05 (mean = 1.97), width 0.07–0.12 (mean = 0.08); hind tibiae: length 3.74–3.97 (mean = 3.85), width 0.07.
General coloration light brown. Body elongated, covered with white setae over the surface. Head with whitish pilosity and sparse long setae, more abundant ventrally; brown area between eyes and antennae and post-ocular region laterally. Rostrum passing fore coxae, segment IV brown distally. Antennae long and slender with setae. Pronotum pilose with a brown stripe in the middle (in some specimens diffused); anterior lobe tinged with brown; posterior lobe with a suture and granulate. Scutellum brown in the centre and with two depressions, and the sides clear. In some specimens meso- and metasternum dark brown. Pro- meso- and metapleura and abdomen ventral sides with a brown stripe. Abdomen with abundant sparse setae, not uniformly pigmented, connexivum without spots. Legs long and slender, with long white setae.
Salta
Brazil: Chapada, Rio de Janeiro.
Misiones: Loreto.
Brazil: Chapada; Colombia: Pandi (Cundimarca); Peru: San Juan.
The
Body with abundant long whitish setae. Head brown; with a line in the middle (widened anteriorly), sides of head and ventrally dark brown. Rostrum pallid testaceus, segment I darker at base, IV distally darker. Pronotum with a dark brown stripe in the middle, anterior lobe with irregular fuscous patterns. Scutellum black with a yellowish spot at the sides of the base; with two fovea in the center the area between noticeably depressed. Abdomen above and a wide line on each side sordid brown. Legs pilose, mottled.
BUENOS AIRES: 1 ♂ (MLP); José C. Paz
Buenos Aires: José C. Paz, La Plata, V. Ballester, V. Devoto; Jujuy: Termas de Reyes, Yala; La Pampa: Eduardo Castex, Parque Luro; Misiones: Delta Paraná Guazú.
Brazil: Parana (São Pedro de Mallet).
Argentina: La Pampa, Winifreda:
Male(n = 5)
Female(n = 5)
Eyes prominent; antennae and legs longer than in the others species of the complex. Length of first antennal segment equal or slightly shorter than the distance between the eyes. Length of second antennal segment subequal to the width of the base of the pronotum. In brachypterous forms, hemelytra reaching to the fifth abdominal segment and membrane slightly surpassing the apex of the corium. Paramere distally shorter and more thickened than in
BUENOS AIRES: 1852 Harris det., 1 ♀ (MLP), 15–I–1921 1 ♂ (MLP), XII–1938 Drake and Richardson col., Harris det., 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (MLP); Bahía Blanca
Buenos Aires: Bahía Blanca, Baradero, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Flores, José C. Paz, La Colina, La Madrid, La Plata, Monte Hermoso, Pedro Luro, Punta del Indio; Catamarca: Belén; Córdoba: Alta Gracia, Bajo Grande, Cabana, Copina, La Puerta, Mar Chiquita, Marull, San Antonio de Arredondo, San Francisco; Chaco: Nueva Pompeya; Entre Ríos: Gualeguaychú; La Pampa: Eduardo Castex; Mendoza: Luján, Tupungato; Río Negro: San Antonio Oeste; Salta: San Lorenzo; San Luis: Nogolí, Quines, San Francisco.
Uruguay: Artigas, Canelones, Colonia, Durazno, Maldonado, Montevideo, Paysandú.
Argentina: La Pampa, Winifreda:
Male (n = 5): Length 5.32–6.81 (mean = 6.34). Head: length 0.78–0.99 (mean = 0.86), width 0.85–0.92 (mean = 0.86); eye width 0.38–0.42 (mean = 0.40), interocular width 0.38–0.42 (mean = 0.41). Rostrum: ratio of segment lengths about 1: 2.54 : 2.48 : 1.29. Antenna: ratio of segment about 1: 1.73 : 1.33 : 0.90. Pronotum length 1.06–1.27 (mean = 1.17), width 1.42–1.77 (mean = 1.57). Hemelytra length 2.48–4.68 (mean = 4.11). Abdomen: length 1.91–2.69 (mean = 2.28), width 1.42–1.77 (mean = 1.65). Legs: fore femora: length 1.70–1.77 (mean = 1.73), width 0.35–0.42 (mean = 0.37); middle femora: length 1.42–2.05 (mean = 1.67), width 0.28–0.32 (mean = 0.29); hind femora 2.27–2.34 (mean = 2.29), width 0.14–0.21 (mean = 0.18). Fore tibiae: length 1.42–1.49 (mean = 1.43), width 0.10–0.12 (mean = 0.105); middle tibiae: length 1.49–1.60 (mean = 1.52), width 0.07–0.10 (mean = 0.09); hind tibiae: length 2.55–2.84 (mean = 2.70), width 0.07–010 (mean = 0.08).
Female(n = 5): Length 5.75–7.10 (mean = 6.57). Head: length 0.88–1.06 (mean = 0.98), width 0.74–0.92 (mean = 0.88); eye width 0.38–0.42 (mean = 0.41), interocular width 0.35–0.42 (mean = 0.39). Rostrum: ratio of segment lengths about 1: 2.67 : 2.58 : 1.35. Antenna: ratio of segment about 1: 1.82 : 1.41 : 0.91. Pronotum length 1.13–1.35 (mean = 1.25), width 1.13–1.84 (mean = 1.65). Hemelytra length 1.60–4.97 (mean = 4.25). Abdomen: length 2.69–3.05 (mean = 2.88), width 1.77–2.13 (mean = 1.88). Legs: fore femora: length 1.70–1.91 (mean = 1.80), width 0.35–0.42 (mean = 0.37); middle femora: length 1.60–1.77 (mean = 1.66), width 0.28–0.32 (mean = 0.29); hind femora 2.27–2.48 (mean = 2.40), width 0.15–0.21 (mean = 0.19). Fore tibiae: length 1.45–1.52 (mean = 1.48), width 0.10–0.14 (mean = 0.12); middle tibiae: length 1.55–1.63 (mean = 1.60), width 0.10; hind tibiae: length 2.84–3.05 (mean = 2.89), width 0.10.
Pronotum in macropterous form greatly expanded behind, a third wider than long; posterior lobe markedly arched upward. Pronotum in brachypterous form visibly wider than long, but strongly compressed on the sides between the anterior and posterior lobes. Hemelytra in macropterous forms surpassing apex of abdomen; in brachypterous forms, reaching to the base of sixth abdominal segment. Paramere with the distal area more thickened than in the other species of the complex; the blade wide, with a protuberance on the outer margin. Base of the paramere more constricted than in
. BUENOS AIRES: La Plata
Buenos Aires: La Plata; Patagonia, Tierra del Fuego: Cabana Ruby, Cabo Espíritu Santo, Estancia La Indiana, Lago Fagnano, Paso Garibaldi, Río Chico (Las Violetas).
Chile.
Male (n = 3): Length 4.92–5.84 (mean = 5.26). Head: length 0.82–0.93 (mean = 0.87), width 0.82–0.86 (mean = 0.83); eye width 0.36–0.37 (mean = 0.365), interocular width 0.37. Rostrum: ratio of segment lengths about 1: 2.26 : 0.59 : 0.62. Antenna: ratio of segment about 1: 1.64 (segments III and IV missing). Pronotum length 1.01–1.16 (mean = 1.08), width 1.16–1.46 (mean = 1.28). Hemelytra length 2.44–3.79 (mean = 2.91). Abdomen: length 2.17–2.66 (mean = 2.48), width 1.50– 1.67 (mean = 1.57). Legs: fore femora: length 1.36–1.39 (mean = 1.38), width 0.39–0.41 (mean = 0.396); middle femora: length 1.25–1.27 (mean = 1.265), width 0.30–0.33 (mean = 0.31); hind femora 1.78–1.87 (mean = 1.82), width 0.17–0.18 (mean = 0.175). Fore tibiae: length 1.09–1–15 (mean = 1.12), width 0.09–0.12 (mean = 0.10); middle tibiae: length 1.06–1.17 (mean = 1.13), width 0.075–0.09 (mean = 0.08); hind tibiae: length 2.03–2.14 (mean = 2.08), width 0.06–0.07 (mean = 0.065).
Female(n = 3)
Similar to
CHUBUT: El Hoyo
Chubut: El Hoyo; Mendoza: Chacras de Coria; Neuquén: Huechulaufquen, Nahuel Huapi: Isla Victoria; Río Negro: San Carlos de Bariloche.
Chile: Colina, Osorno, Puerto Varas. Continental Chile and Archipiélago Juan Fernández.
Male(n = 2)
Female(n = 5)
Length of antennal segment II slightly longer than the width of the head across eyes. Hemelytra in macropterous form surpassing the apex of abdomen, in brachypterous form reaching eight segment. Paramere very similar to
Parameres:
Genital segments of female:
Geographical distribution of species of
This work was supported by the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnologicas (CONICET). Special thanks for lending material: Dr. G. Lindberg (Swedish Museum of Natural History); Dr. R. Schuh and Dr. R. Salas (The American Museum of Natural History). We thank Dr. T. Henry (Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA, c/o National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution) and Dr. D. Polhemus (Bishop Museum) for revising and improving the manuscript.