Corresponding author: Maria Lourdes Chamorro (
Academic editor: Terry Erwin
A new genus and species of
As taxonomists we can only hope to make the kind of discoveries that prompt suspended awe and prolonged excitement. Such was our reaction when we stumbled upon this new lamprosomatine genus buried within the
Monrós devoted much of his short life and taxonomic expertise to the study of this group of small, round, and shiny beetles. Therefore, it was surprising and somewhat ironic that these specimens are from the Monrós collection acquired by the NMNH in 1959. It is fair to state however, that the Monrós collection is extensive and would require many consecutive lifetimes to study it all.
Summary of classification and distribution of
Tribe | Genus | Author | Year | NA | NT | AT | PA | OR | AU |
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Chamorro & Konstantinov | 2011 | × | |||||
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Achard | 1914 | × | |||||
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Jacoby | 1882 | × | ||||||
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Lacordaire | 1848 | × | |||||
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Monrós | 1956 | × | |||||
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Bechyné | 1950 | × | ||||||
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Curtis | 1831 | × | × | × | × | × | × | |
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Bezdek, Löbl, Konstantinov | 2010 | × | ||||||
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Monrós | 1956 | × | × | |||||
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Lacordaire | 1848 | × | ||||||
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Monrós | 1956 | × | ||||||
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Kirby | 1818 | × | × | |||||
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L. Medvedev | 1968 | × |
All lamprosomatines are highly convex and ventrally flattened [species of
Upon discovery,
1–4
A phylogenetic analysis of
This study includes 12 of 14 lamprosomatine genera in 4 tribes (
General morphological terminology follows
Characters and states used in the cladistic analysis
1 | Canthus of eye: 0, acute; 1, absent (Fig. 17); 2, wide and short; 3, wide and long, longer than half of transverse diameter of eye. |
2 | Antennomeres 7 to 11 (Figs 7, 8, 16): 0, fused into tight capitulum; 1, free. |
3 | Antennomeres 6 to 8 (Figs 7, 8, 16): 0, strongly transverse, more than twice as wide as long; 1, about as long as wide; 2, weakly transverse. |
4 | Base of pronotum in dorsal view: 0, entire; 1, extending posteriorly beyond base of elytra (Fig. 15); 2, extending posteriorly, but not beyond base of elytra. |
5 | Explanation of lateral margin of pronotum: 0, situated laterally (as in vast majority of |
6 | Posterolateral corner of pronotum: 0, extending posterad beyond elytral base; 1, not extending posterad beyond elytral base. |
7 | Posterior margin of last abdominal ventrite: 0, concave; 1, more or less straight; 2, convex; 3, sinusoidal. |
8 | Shape of scutellum: 0, acutely triangular; 1, triangular (equilateral); 2, rectangular. |
9 | Size of scutellum: 0, minute; 1, small; 2, large. |
10 | Elytral punctation: 0, arranged in regular rows or with tendency to form such rows; 1, completely confused. |
11 | Sides of elytra: 0, extended into wide long lobe concealing most of middle to posterior part of metepisternite (Fig. 11); 1, extended into wide relatively short lobe not concealing much of metepisternite (Fig. 12); 2, extended into narrow long lobe concealing nearly all posterior part of metepisternite (Fig. 13); 3, extended into wide long lobe not concealing entire metepisternite (Fig. 14). |
12 | Elytra: 0, covered with bumps; 1, smooth (Fig. 15). |
13 | Elytral suture: 0, smooth (Fig. 15); 1, dentate. |
14 | Upper side of beetle body with metallic luster: 0, present; 1, absent. |
15 | Pronotal and elytral puncture setae: 0, present (Fig. 15); 1, absent. |
16 | Tarsal claws: 0, bifid and fused (Fig. 10); 1, simple and free (Fig. 9); 2, appendiculate, free, narrowly separated; 3, appendiculate, widely separated. |
17 | Wing (Fig. 19), number of cells between Cu and A: 0, one; 1, two. |
18 | Wing, RA 3+4: 0, present; 1, absent. |
19 | Wing, CuA 3+4 and spur of RP: 0, situated close to each other; 1, placed far away from each other. |
20 | Epipleura (Figs 11–14) directed: 0, vertically, forming nearly straight line with side of elytron, visible from outside; 1, horizontally, forming nearly straight angle with side of elytron, not visible from outside; 2, vertically, folded behind lateral side of elytron, not visible from outside. |
21 | Stridulatory file on distal border of last abdominal ventrite: 0, present (Fig. 5); 1, absent (Fig. 6). |
22 | Pygidium: 0, completely covered by elytra; 1, partly covered by elytra; 2, completely exposed. |
23 | Sclerotized thin rim of kotpresse: 0, present; 1, absent (Fig. 22). |
24 | Sclerotized part of spermathecal duct: 0, long, straight, about as wide, but longer than duct of gland (Fig. 20); 1, short, about as long as duct of gland; 2, very long, forming coils, longer than duct of gland; 3, long, consists of narrow and wider parts attached under angle to each other; 4, long, straight, much narrower and longer than duct of gland. |
25 | Stylus: 0, wider or nearly as wide as long; 1, longer than wide (Fig. 21); 2: absent. |
26 | Membranous window on apex of coxite (base of stylus): 0, present; 1, absent. |
Matrix of 26 characters for 11 taxa of the
Species name | Character states |
---|---|
0000000001 1111111112 222222 | |
1234567890 1234567890 123456 | |
1001101111 0101010110 121011 | |
11?0010121 110111??11 12???? | |
11?0010121 1101111011 120100 | |
0100010121 2100101011 11???? | |
2110011000 2100111011 000120 | |
2110011000 210111??11 000201 | |
2110011010 2101111011 00???? | |
2110001010 2101121011 000200 | |
2110002010 2100111011 000200 | |
2111002000 2100111011 000300 | |
2111002010 2100121011 000100 | |
3121013221 3001130002 120420 | |
3122010221 3011130002 120420 |
The data matrix was created using MacClade 4.08 (
Five equally parsimonious trees resulted from this analysis (
1 | With stridulatory file (device) on distal border of last ventrite ( |
|
– | Without stridulatory file (device) on distal border of last ventrite ( |
2 |
2(1) | Eyes with deep canthus. Tarsal claws bifid and fused ( |
|
– | Eyes entire, without deep canthus. Tarsal claws simple and free ( |
3 |
3(2) | Antennae capitate with last 3 or 4 antennomeres tightly fused to form a sphere ( |
|
– | Antennae not capitate and last 4 antennomeres not fused to form a sphere, instead dentate ( |
Body small, about 1.8 mm in length, moderately shiny, black. Head without midcranial and frontal sutures. Frontoclypeus swollen, notched in middle. Eye entire, not notched. Antenna capitate with last 4 antennomeres tightly fused to form sphere (
Pronotum basally sinuate (
Scutellum triangular, equilateral, small (
Body small, 1.81–1.85 mm long, 1.43–1.47 mm wide, and 1.01–1.04 mm thick, broadly oval.
Color. Body entirely black with bluish or bronzish tint, antennal capitulum and mouth parts deep reddish brown.
Head flat in lateral view, 1.42 times wider than long in frontal view, completely lacking hairs (except on labrum). Midcranial and frontal sutures absent. Top of frons and bottom of vertex with oval impression. Orbital area swollen and situated above eye level. Internal margin of eye entire, not notched. Distance between eyes 2.64 times as large as transverse diameter of eye. Labrum with three setae on each side placed symmetrically on anterior margin. Antennae extremely capitate with last 4 antennomeres tightly fused to form sphere (
Prothorax. Pronotum apically shallowly sinusoidal, basally sinuate, medially extending posterad beyond elytral base. Each pronotal puncture with short seta. Sides swollen and bent ventrally so that lateral border not visible from above. Lateral border situated close to posterior margin of prosternum leaving hypomera extremely thin and limiting prosternum to small triangle. Intercoxal prosternal process in ventral view slightly longer than wide (length to width ratio 1.26), sides constricted above middle, anterior margin evenly concave with obtuse denticle in middle, posterior margin straight. Intercoxal prosternal process in lateral view nearly straight in middle, abruptly bending posterodorsally. Procoxal cavity open posteriorly.
Mesothorax. Scutellum triangular, equilateral, small (
Metathorax. Anterior process of metasternum rectangular with straight anterior margin (
Wing fully developed (
Abdomen. First visible abdominal ventrite as long (medially) as rest of abdomen. Second visible ventrite narrowest, half as narrow medially as either third and fourth. Third and fourth of equal length (
Kotpresse without dorsal or ventral sclerites with chitinpolster dorsally and ventrally; long lateral fold sclerotized and bent upward and with small denticles (
Legs. Femora dorsoventrally flat with anterior and posterior sides nearly parallel to each other. Tibiae slightly curved in ventral view gradually widening apically. All tibial apices with small spur, but without long setae and excavation. Tarsal claws relatively small, simple, and free.
Female genitalia (
Thoracic characters of
“Cachiporra” is the Spanish word for “billy” club (capitulum). “Cachiporra” alludes to the club-shaped antenna of this lamprosomatine. Feminine.
Brazil, Rio Grande do Norte, Natal.
Brazil, Rio Grande do Norte, Natal.
Length 1.81-1.85 mm. Color black, with bluish and bronzish tint. Head with frons and vertex shagreened, covered by sparse, sharply defined punctures.
Pronotum strongly shagreened, evenly covered with sharply impressed small punctures, each bearing a single, small seta. Diameter of punctures four to ten times smaller than distance between them.
Elytral surface strongly shagreened, with numerous wrinkles, some of which short and placed diagonally, some exceptionally long and stretched from base of elytron to and beyond middle. Punctures with tendency to form rows.
Female genitalia. Median side of the lateral sclerotization of tergite IX strongly oblique. Stylus attached slightly anteriorly from apex. Receptacle of spermatheca slightly longer than pump, slightly S-shaped with small bump near base and apically. Apex of spermathecal pump bulbous, wider than receptacle and base of pump.
Holotype, female: 1) Brazil RG Norte, Papari: III. 1952. M. Alvarengo; 2) F. Monrós Collection, 1959; 3) Holotype
Paratype, female: 1) Brazil Natal, R.G. Norte, 24.IX. 1951. M. Alvarengo; 2) F. Monrós Collection, 1959; 3) Paratype
Named for the extremely globular antennal club (capitulum). The epithet is treated as a noun in apposition.
Cladograms of
Majority (50%) rule consensus tree with unambiguous character state optimizations. Black circles represent synapomorphies; open circles indicate homoplasious character state transformations. Numbers above correspond to list of characters on table 2; numbers below indicate the state for character indicated above. Bremer support values are indicated by the first numbers on some nodes. Second numbers (only for two clades) separated by a comma indicate bootstrap values (showing only those >5%).
Majority (50%) rule consensus tree. Black circles represent synapomorphies; open circles indicate homoplasious character state transformations. Unambiguous characters deleted
Unique features of
Among various lamprosomatine genera,
Synapomorphies of
We thank A. L. Norrbom and R. Ochoa (Systematic Entomology Laboratory, ARS, USDA, Washington, DC), and K.D. Prathapan (Department of Entomology, Kerala Agricultural University, Kerala, India) for reviewing earlier versions of this manuscript and providing valuable suggestions. We thank Dr. X. Mengual for his generosity and help with software. MLC thanks T. Erwin and the Encyclopedia of Life, Rubenstein fellowship program (National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC) for funding and support.