Corresponding author: Khuat Dang Long (
Academic editor: Michael Sharkey
The Oriental and East Palaearctic genus
The small genus
Two recent and larger collections of Cardiochilinae from Vietnam are used for this revision: the Braconidae collection in the Institute of Ecology & Biological Resources (IEBR) at Hanoi (assembled by the first author) and the Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis collection (RMNH) at Leiden (assembled during five RMNH-IEBR expeditions in Vietnam).
For recognition of the subfamily Cardiochilinae, see
Largely unknown; only one species (
1 | Maximum width of hind basitarsus 1.2–1.6 times apical width of hind tibia and dorsally convex ( |
2 |
– | Maximum width of hind basitarsus 0.8–1.1 times apical width of hind tibia and dorsally nearly straight ( |
11 |
2 | Dorso-apically hind basitarsus strongly protruding, beyond apex of second tarsal segment ( |
|
– | Dorso-apically hind basitarsus weakly or not protruding, not surpassing middle of second tarsal segment ( |
3 |
3 | Ventral margin of clypeus curved medially ( |
4 |
– | Ventral margin of clypeus more or less concave or straight medially ( |
8 |
4 | Maxillary palp about 1.3 times as long as height of head; hind basitarsus 2.3–2.5 times as long as wide, 4.4–5.0 times as wide as second tarsal segment and 1.4–1.5 times as long as width of apex of hind tibia ( |
5 |
– | Maxillary palp about as long as height of head; hind basitarsus 2.8–3.0 times as long as wide, 3.6 times as wide as second tarsal segment and about 1.2 times as long as width of apex of hind tibia ( |
|
5 | Hind basitarsus about 2.3 times as long as remaining tarsal segments and 1.2 times as wide as apex of hind tibia ( |
|
– | Hind basitarsus about 1.8 times as long as remaining tarsal segments and 1.3–1.4 times as wide as apex of hind tibia ( |
6 |
7 | Hind tarsal claws with 8 large teeth ( |
|
– | Hind tarsal claws with 5 large teeth ( |
|
8 | Second-fourth hind tarsal segments slender, distinctly longer than wide ( |
|
– | Second-fourth hind tarsal segments robust, slightly longer than wide ( |
9 |
9 | Hind basitarsus elliptical ( |
|
– | Hind basitarsus nearly parallel-sided ( |
10 |
10 | Head in dorsal view comparatively short and occiput weakly concave ( |
|
– | Head in dorsal view comparatively long and occiput distinctly concave ( |
|
11 | Ventral margin of clypeus more or less curved medio-ventrally ( |
12 |
– | Hind basitarsus 0.9–1.1 times wider than apex of hind tibia ( |
13 |
12 | Hind basitarsus about 1.2 times as long as remaining tarsal segments ( |
|
– | Hind basitarsus about 1.5 times as long as remaining tarsal segments ( |
|
13 | Hind basitarsus comparatively wide and its apical half largely yellowish ( |
|
– | Hind basitarsus comparatively narrow elliptical and its apical half more or less blackish or dark brown ( |
14 |
14 | Ventral margin of clypeus weakly but evenly curved medially ( |
15 |
– | Ventral margin of clypeus nearly straight to slightly concave medially ( |
18 |
15 | Head coarsely punctate ( |
|
– | Head smooth or mainly finely punctate ( |
16 |
16 | Outer side of hind tibia partly dark brown apically ( |
|
– | Outer side of hind tibia (except for dark brown basal ring) yellowish apically ( |
17 |
17 | Mesoscutum completely black near notauli ( |
|
– | Mesoscutum brownish-yellow near notauli ( |
|
18 | Hind basitarsus 2.0–2.3 times as long as remainder of tarsus ( |
19 |
– | Hind basitarsus 1.4–1.8 times as long as remainder of tarsus ( |
20 |
19 | Clypeus concave medio-ventrally ( |
|
– | Clypeus truncate and protruding medio-ventrally ( |
|
20 | Tarsal claws with 5–6 teeth; hind tibia yellow apically; [second and third metasomal tergites with black spots laterally; second submarginal cell of fore wing 3.0–3.3 times as long as wide]; Oriental China | |
– | Tarsal claws with 2–4 teeth ( |
21 |
21 | Second and third metasomal tergites black laterally; vein 3-SR of fore wing 2.3–2.4 times as long as vein 2-SR and 0.7 times as long as vein SR1 ( |
|
– | Second and third tergites brownish-yellow laterally; vein 3-SR of fore wing 1.5–1.7 times as long as vein 2-SR and 0.5–0.6 times as long as vein SR1 ( |
22 |
22 | Apical 0.3–0.4 of hind tibia dark brown or blackish ( |
|
– | Apical 0.2 of hind tibia dark brown or blackish ( |
Holotype, female (IEBR), “Card.059”, “[S Vietnam:] Dak Lak, Easo, coffee farm, MT, 108°37’E, 02.vii.2008, Ngo Hien”.
The new species is close to
Holotype, female, body length 6.2 mm, fore wing length 7.3 mm, antenna 7.8 mm.
S Vietnam: Dak Lak.
After the genus
Holotype, male (IEBR), “Card.058”, “[S Vietnam:] Dak Lak, Easo, coffee farm, MT, 108°37’E, 02.vii.2008, Ngo Hien”.
Occiput moderately concave; medio-ventral margin of clypeus slightly concave; mesopleuron entirely smooth; precoxal sulcus crenulate anteriorly and smooth posteriorly; hind tarsal claw with 3–4 teeth; hind basitarsus as wide as apical part of hind tibia, parallel-sided, flattened and not broadly laminate or produced apically.
Holotype, male, body length 4.9 mm, fore wing length 5.1 mm, antenna 6.5 mm.
S Vietnam: Dak Lak.
Named after the province of its type locality: Dak Lak.
Holotype, female (IEBR), “Card.001”, “[NE Vietnam:] Phu Tho, Xuan Son NP, forest, 10.v.2005, P. Th. Nhi.” Paratypes: 1 female (RMNH), “Card.002”, data as holotype; 1 female (IEBR), “Card.010”, “[CN Vietnam:] Ha Tinh, Huong Son, Son Hong, 23.iv.2004, Tr. X. Lam”.
The new species is similar to
Holotype, female, body length 7.7 mm, fore wing length 8.2 mm, antenna 9.5 mm.
N Vietnam: Phu Tho and C Vietnam: Ha Tinh.
The species named after the granddaughter of the first author, Khuat Bao Linh.
Holotype, female (IEBR), “Card.026”, “[C.N.Vietnam:] Nghe An, Con Cuong, Pu Mat NP, 250 m, 12.ix.2005, P. Th. Nhi”. Paratypes: 2 males (IEBR, RMNH), “Card.052”, “Card.053”, “[N.E. Vietnam:] Thai Nguyen, Dai Tu, Minh Tien, MT, 21°43’N 105°34’E, 350 m, 10–15.ix.2007, K. D. Long”; 1 female (IEBR), “Card.054”, id., but tea farm, 31.v.2008, K. D. Long; 1 female (RMNH), “Card.066”, “[N.E. Vietnam:] Vinh Phuc,Tam DaoNP, 100 m, MT, 30.iv.2008, P. H. Thai”; 1 male (IEBR), “Card.032”, “[C. Vietnam:] Thua Thien-Hue, Nam Dong, MT, 2–6.v.2005, N. Q. Truong”; 2 females (IEBR, RMNH), “Card.067”, “Card.068”, 6 males (IEBR, RMNH), “Card.069”, “Card.070”, “[N.E. Vietnam:] Phu Tho (Xuan Son NP), garden, MT, 20–25.v.2010, K.D. Long, N. H. Thao”; “Card.071”, “Card.072”, id., but 19–21.vi.2009; “Card.073”, id., but 29.vi-05.vii.2009; “Card.074”, id. but 25–30.vii.2009; 1 female (RMNH) “N. Vietnam: Ninh Binh, Cuc Phuong N.P., nr entrance, [Mal. trap], c 225 m, 14.iv.-1.v.2000, Mai Phu Quy, RMNH’00”; 1 female (RMNH) “[China:], Hunan, Lianyun Mt., cotton-shelter, 2.vii.2007, 28°30.203’N 113°48.619’E, altitude 590 m, Li Ze-jan”; 1 male (RMNH), [China:] Hunan, Mufu Mt., Yanziping, altitude 1330 m, 29.vi. 2007, 28°58.524’N 113°49.638’E, Li Ze-jan”; 1 female (RMNH), “China: Fujian, Nanjin, 30.v.1991, no. 96 9320, Liu Changmin, RMNH’99”.
The new species is similar to
Description. Holotype, female, body length 8.0 mm, fore wing length 7.6 mm, antenna 7.8 mm.
N Vietnam: Ninh Binh, Vinh Phuc, Thai Nguyen and Phu Tho and C Vietnam: Nghe An and Thua Thien-Hue; Oriental China and Nepal.
The species is named
Specimens from Vietnam have the hind claws with 5–6 teeth and the propodeum rugose with a faint transverse carina anteriorly. Most common species in North and Central Vietnam. Runs in the key by
Holotype, male (IEBR), “Card.057”, “[S Vietnam:] Dak Lak, Easo, coffee farm, MT, [ca 12°45’N] 108°37’E, 02.vii.2008, Ngo Hien”. Paratype: 1 male (RMNH), “S. Vietnam: Dong Nai, Cat Tien N.P., Bird trail, Mal. trap 9–12, c 100 m, 1–9.x.2005, C. v. Achterberg & R. de Vries, RMNH’05”.
The new species is similar to
Holotype, male, body length 5.9 mm, fore wing length 5.6 mm, antenna 6.5 mm.
S Vietnam: Dak Lak, Dong Nai.
Named “
Holotype, female (IEBR), “Card.065”, “[NE Vietnam:] Vinh Phuc, Tam Dao NP, 100 m, MT, 30.v.2008, P. H. Thai”. Paratype: 1 male (RMNH), “Card.039”, “[CN Vietnam:] Nghe An, Con Cuong, Pu Mat NP, 22.iv.2006, P. Th. Nhi”.
The new species is similar to
Holotype, male, body length 6.0 mm, fore wing length 6.8 mm, antenna 7.1 mm.
N Vietnam: Vinh Phuc and C Vietnam: Nghe An.
The species is named after the country of origin: Vietnam.
2 females (IEBR, RMNH), “Card.055”, “Card.056”, “[S Vietnam:] Dak Lak, Easo, coffee farm, MT, ? 108°37’E, Ngo Hien”; 2 males (IEBR), “Card.033”, “Card.034”, “[C Vietnam:] Thua Thien-Hue, Nam Dong, MT, 02–06.v.2005, N. Q. Truong”.
All specimens from Vietnam have the ocelli small, OOL 3 times diameter of posterior ocellus (about 2.5 times in Malaysian specimens); temple narrow, transverse diameter of eye 1.1 times width of temple in lateral view; notauli narrow, smooth; scutellar sulcus with 3 cross carinae (3–5 cross carinae in Malaysian specimens); mesopleuron mainly smooth medially with sparse fine punctures; precoxal sulcus crenulate anteriorly and smooth posteriorly. New record for Vietnam.
47–49
56–58.
65–67.
75–77.
84–86.
This research was supported by National Foundation for Science and Technology Development (Vietnam), NAFOSTED’s grant 106.15.04.09. Grateful thanks of the first author are expressed to the following persons: Dr Truong X Lam, Mr Pham H Thai, Mr Nguyen Q Truong and Mrs Pham Thi Nhi (IEBR) and Ms Ngo Thu Hien (York University, Toronto, Canada) for providing part of the material. The second author thanks Prof. Dr Mei-cai Wei (Changsha) for the gift of specimens.