Corresponding author: Liang Tang (
Academic editor: V. Assing
Five new species of the
All hitherto known members from the Chinese mainland of the group are brownish to blackish and brachypterous. In this paper, we describe five new species of the group collected in various mountainous areas in South China, three of them with orange spots on elytra, a character also present in Taiwanese species of this group
The specimens examined in this paper were collected by sifting leaf litters in forests and killed with ethyl acetate. For examination of the male genitalia, the last three abdominal segments were detached from the body after softening in hot water. The aedeagi, together with other dissected pieces, were mounted in Euparal (Chroma Gesellschaft Schmidt, Koengen, Germany) on plastic slides. Photos of sexual characters were taken with a Canon G7 camera attached to an Olympus SZX 16 stereoscope; habitus photos were taken with a Canon macro photo lens MP-E 65 mm attached to a Canon EOS40D camera.
The type specimens treated in this study are deposited in the following public and private collections:
Museum of Natural History Basel, Switzerland
National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo
Department of Biology, Shanghai Normal University, P. R. China
Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Germany
private collection T. Kishimoto, Tokyo
private collection V. Puthz, Schlitz, Germany
private collection M. Schülke, Berlin
private collection A. Smetana, Ottawa
private collection Y. Watanabe, Tokyo
The measurements of proportions are abbreviated as follows:
body length, measured from the anterior margin of the clypeus to the posterior margin of abdominal tergite X
forebody length, measured from the anterior margin of the clypeus to the apex of the elytra (apicolateral angle)
width of head including eyes
width of pronotum
width of elytra
length of pronotum
length of elytra, measured from humeral angle
length of elytral suture
1 | Pronotum without median longitudinal furrow; elytra with surface weakly uneven; punctation of pronotum and elytra well delimited; abdominal segments IV–VI with tergites and sternites completely fused without joint suture ( |
2 |
– | Pronotum with median longitudinal furrow; elytra with surface very uneven; punctation of pronotum and elytra more or less rugose and confluent; abdominal segments IV–VI with tergites and sternites distinctly separated ( |
3 |
2 | Body size larger (BL: 4.3–4.8 mm), elytra shorter (EL/EW =0.86–0.93). Habitus: Fig. 2 in |
|
– | Body size smaller (BL: 3.3–3.5 mm), elytra longer (EL/EW = 0.96–1.01). Habitus: Fig. 1 in |
|
3 | Elytra bicolored with orange marks | 4 |
– | Elyra unicolored without marks | 6 |
4 | Body size smaller (BL: 3.8 mm, FL: 1.8 mm); elytra with vague orange marks. Habitus: Figs 5, 6; sexual characters: Figs 33–39 | |
– | Body size larger (BL ≥ 4.2 mm, FL ≥ 1.9 mm); elytral marks well delimited | 5 |
5 | Elytral marks larger, ranging from 3/5 to 4/5 as long as and 1/2 to 2/3 as broad as the respective elytron. Habitus: Figs 7, 8; sexual characters: Figs 40–50. BL : 4.3–4.7 mm | |
– | Elytral marks smaller, ranging from 1/3 to 1/2 as long as and 1/3 to 2/5 as broad as the respective elytron. Habitus: Figs 9, 10; sexual characters: Figs 51–61. BL : 4.2–5.1 mm | |
6 | Head broader, 1.24 times as wide as elytra; punctation of head especially in lateral portion sparser, where interstices may be a little larger than half the diameter of punctures; pronotum with short median longitudinal furrow and vorticose rugae. Habitus: Figs 3, 4; sexual characters: Figs 22–32. BL : 3.6–4.2 mm | |
– | Head narrower, no more than 1.19 times as wide as elytra; punctation of head denser, interstices in lateral portion smaller than half the diameter of punctures; pronotum with short to very long median longitudinal furrow without distinct vorticose rugae | 7 |
7 | Pronotum with very long median longitudinal furrow extending along all of midline; elytra as long as wide; punctation of abdominal tergites III–VIII extremely dense. Habitus: Fig. 1 a in |
|
– | Pronotum with median longitudinal furrow shorter, not extending along all of midline; elytra shorter than wide; punctation of abdominal tergites III–VII not extremely dense | 8 |
8 | Punctation of head denser; pronotal and elytral punctation less rugose and less confluent; elytral disc relatively even with less distinct impressions and suture slightly convex. Habitus: Figs 1, 2; sexual characters: Figs 11–21. BL : 3.6–4.2 mm | |
– | Punctation of head less dense; pronotal and elytral punctation more rugose and more confluent; elytral disc uneven with distinct, deep impressions and suture strongly convex | 9 |
9 | Abdominal punctation denser, interstices on abdominal tergites III–VII distinctly smaller than half the diameter of punctures; posterior margin of male abdominal sternite VII without emargination. Habitus: Fig 2 in |
|
– | Abdominal punctation sparser, interstices on abdominal tergites III–VII smaller than half the diameter of punctures; posterior margin of male abdominal sternite VII with slight median emargination | 10 |
10 | Body larger (BL: 3.8–4.2 mm); median longitudinal furrow and impressions on pronotum very deep. Habitus: Fig 3 in |
|
– | Body smaller (BL: 3.0–3.7 mm); median longitudinal furrow and impressions on pronotum relatively shallow. Habitus: Fig 1 in |
Brachypterous; body blackish, anterior margin of labrum, antennae, maxillary palpi and legs yellowish brown.
BL: 4.2–4.8mm; FL: 2.0–2.2 mm.
HW: 0.84–0.94 mm, PL: 0.69–0.78 mm, PW: 0.66–0.73 mm, EL: 0.72–0.78 mm, EW: 0.77–0.87 mm, SL: 0.50–0.54 mm.
Head 1.07–1.12 times as wide as elytra; interocular area with deep longitudinal furrows, median portion convex, slightly extending beyond the level of inner eye margins; punctures round, partly confluent, slightly larger and sparser on median area than those near inner margins of eyes, diameter of large punctures about as wide as apical cross section of antennal segment II; interstices faintly reticulated, much smaller than half the diameter of punctures except those along the midline of the convex median portion, which may be as wide as diameter of punctures. Antennae, when reflexed, extending a little before posterior margin of pronotum; relative length of antennal segments from base to apex as 12.0: 7.5: 16.5: 10: 11: 7.5: 8: 5: 5.5: 6: 7.5. Paraglossa oval.
Pronotum 1.05–1.09 times as long as wide; disk uneven, with distinct median longitudinal furrow, two impressions in anterior half, transverse impression in the middle, and two impressions in posterior half; punctures rugose and confluent, of similar size as those of head; interstices reticulated, more or less smaller than half the diameter of punctures except those at the bottom of longitudinal furrow, which could be larger.
Elytra 0.89–0.93 times as long as wide, distinctly constricted at base; lateral margins, with slight concavity at about half, gently divergent posteriad; disk moderately uneven with distinct longitudinal humeral impression, distinct postero-lateral impression and long sutural impression, suture moderately convex; punctation and interstices similar to those of pronotum.
Legs with hind tarsi 0.72 times as long as hind tibiae, tarsomeres IV distinctly bilobed.
Abdomen cylindrical; distinct paratergites absent, but rudimentary lateral border present, tergites and sternites distinctly split at about posterior eighth; posterior margin of tergite VII with palisade fringe; punctures of abdominal tergites III–VIII round to elliptic, gradually becoming smaller posteriad; interstices smaller than half the diameter of punctures, with relatively faint microsculpture on tergites III–VII and distinct reticulation on tergites VIII–X.
Male. Sternite VII with inconspicuous emargination at middle of posterior margin and a shallow impression before it; sternite VIII (
Female. Abdomen broader than that in male; sternite VIII (
Habitus of
China (Yunnan Province: Mt. Cang Shan).
In general facies and body size, the new species resembles
. The specific name is derived from “Cangshan”, the type locality of this species.
Brachypterous; head blackish, labrum, pronotum, elytra and abdomen dark brown, anterior margin of labrum, antennae, maxillary palpi and legs yellowish brown.
BL: 3.6–4.2mm; FL: 1.8–2.1 mm.
HW: 0.83–0.90 mm, PL: 0.67–0.73 mm, PW: 0.58–0.70 mm, EL: 0.65–0.71 mm, EW: 0.67–0.77 mm, SL: 0.49–0.54 mm.
Head 1.18–1.24 times as wide as elytra; interocular area with deep longitudinal furrows, median portion convex, slightly extending beyond the level of inner eye margins; punctures round, mostly well delimited, slightly larger and sparser on median area than those near inner margins of eyes, diameter of large puncture about as wide as basal cross section of antennal segment II; interstices faintly reticulated, smaller than half the diameter of punctures except those along the midline of convex median portion and on the bottom of lateral furrows, which could be more or less larger. Antennae, when reflexed, extending a little before posterior margin of pronotum; relative length of antennal segments from base to apex as 10: 7.5: 15.5: 9.5: 9: 6: 6: 4: 4.5: 5: 7.5. Paraglossa oval.
Pronotum 1.05–1.13 times as long as wide; disk uneven, with distinct short median longitudinal furrow, transverse impression each in anterior half and in the middle, and two indistinct impressions in posterior half; punctures of similar size as those of head, rugose and confluent, forming vorticose rugae surrounding the longitudinal furrow; interstices indistinctly microsculptured, more or less smaller than half the diameter of punctures except those on the bottom of longitudinal furrow, which may be larger.
Elytra 0.92–0.97 times as long as wide, distinctly constricted at base, lateral margins with slight concavity in the middle, gently divergent posteriad; disk uneven with long deep longitudinal humeral impression and sutural impression, indistinct postero-lateral impression, suture strongly convex; punctation and interstices similar to those of pronotum.
Hind tarsi 0.69 times as long as hind tibiae, tarsomeres IV distinctly bilobed.
Abdomen cylindrical; distinct paratergites absent, but rudimentary lateral border present, tergites and sternites distinctly split at about posterior eighth; tergite VII with palisade fringe; punctures on abdominal tergites III–VIII round to elliptic, gradually becoming smaller posteriad; interstices on tergites III–VI faintly microsculptured and on tergites VIII–X distinctly microsculptured.
Male. Sternite VII with posteromedian portion slightly flattened; sternite VIII (
Female. Abdomen broader than that in male; sternite VIII (
Habitus of
China (Sichuan Province: Mt. Emei Shan).
This new species can be easily distinguished from allied species by the characters listed in key.
Dr. Puthz has a very similar (undescribed) species of the
This species is named in honor of Ms. Wen-Jian He, wife of the first author, who collected some of the specimens of the new species.
Brachypterous; body blackish, anterior margin of labrum, antennae, maxillary palpi and legs yellowish brown, each elytron with a vague elongate orange spot near lateral side.
BL: 3.8mm (the length of the immature female paratype with strongly contracted abdomen is not included); FL: 1.8 mm.
HW: 0.78–0.83 mm, PL: 0.62–0.67 mm, PW: 0.56–0.60 mm, EL: 0.64–0.67 mm, EW: 0.64–0.71 mm, SL: 0.45–0.48 mm.
Head 1.17–1.23 times as wide as elytra; interocular area with deep longitudinal furrows, median portion convex, slightly extending beyond the level of inner eye margins; punctures round, partly confluent, slightly larger and sparser on median area than those near inner margins of eyes, diameter of large punctures about as wide as basal cross section of antennal segment II; interstices faintly reticulated, much smaller than half the diameter of punctures except those on vertex and behind basiantennal tubercles, which may be much larger. Antennae, when reflexed, extending a little after posterior margin of pronotum; relative length of antennal segments from base to apex as 11: 7: 16: 8.5: 10: 7.5: 7: 5: 5.5: 5.5: 9. Paraglossa oval.
Pronotum 1.10–1.12 times as long as wide; disk slightly uneven, with distinct median longitudinal furrow, two indistinct impressions in anterior half, indistinct transverse impression in the middle, and two indistinct impressions in posterior half; punctures moderately rugose and confluent, of similar size as those of head; interstices, especially those on the bottom of median longitudinal furrow distinctly reticulated, more or less smaller than half the diameter of punctures except those on the bottom of median longitudinal furrow, which may be larger.
Elytra 0.95–1.01 times as long as wide, distinctly constricted at base, lateral margins with slight concavity at about half, gently divergent posteriad; disk slightly uneven with shallow longitudinal humeral impression, shallow postero-lateral impression and shallow sutural impression, suture moderately convex; punctation and interstices similar to those of pronotum.
Hind tarsi 0.7 times as long as hind tibiae, tarsomeres IV distinctly bilobed.
Abdomen cylindrical; distinct paratergites absent, but rudimentary lateral border present; tergite VII with palisade fringe; punctures on abdominal tergites III–VIII round to elliptic, gradually becoming smaller posteriad; interstices smaller to little larger than half the diameter of punctures, with relatively faint microsculpture throughout abdominal tergites.
Male. Sternite VII with posteromedian portion slightly flattened; sternite VIII (
Female. Abdomen broader than that in male; sternite VIII inconspicuously prominent at the middle of posterior margin; tergite X slightly emarginated at posterior margin; sclerotized spermatheca can’t be observed in immature female and thus it can’t be illustrated here.
Habitus of
China (Guangdong Province: Mt. Taiyang Shan).
This new species can be easily distinguished from related species by vague undelimited elytral spots and small body size.
The specific name is derived from “Taiyangshan”, the type locality of this species.
Brachypterous; body blackish, anterior margin of labrum, antennae, maxillary palpi and legs yellowish brown, each elytron with a large elongate orange spot, which is 3/5 to 4/5 as long as and 1/2 to 2/3 as broad as the respective elytron.
BL: 4.3–4.7mm; FL: 2.2–2.4 mm.
HW: 0.91–0.98 mm, PL: 0.73–0.82 mm, PW: 0.66–0.71 mm, EL: 0.75–0.83 mm, EW: 0.76–0.87 mm, SL: 0.52–0.55 mm
Head 1.10–1.20 times as wide as elytra; interocular area with deep longitudinal furrows, median portion convex, slightly extending beyond the level of inner eye margins; punctures round, partly confluent, slightly larger and sparser on median area than those near inner margins of eyes, diameter of large puncture about as wide as apical cross section of antennal segment II; interstices faintly reticulated, much smaller than half the diameter of punctures except those along the midline of convex median portion, which may be larger. Antennae, when reflexed, extending a little after posterior margin of pronotum; relative length of antennal segments from base to apex as 12: 7: 21: 10.5: 10.5: 8.5: 8.5: 6: 6: 6.5: 9. Paraglossa oval.
Pronotum 1.10–1.16 times as long as wide; disk moderately uneven, with distinct median longitudinal furrow, two shallow impressions in anterior half, shallow transverse impression in the middle, and two shallow impressions in posterior half; punctures slightly rugose and partially confluent, slightly larger than those on head; interstices, especially those on the bottom of median longitudinal furrow distinctly reticulated, more or less smaller than half the diameter of punctures except those on the bottom of median longitudinal furrow which may be much larger.
Elytra 0.95–0.98 times as long as wide, distinctly constricted at base, lateral margins with slight concavity at about half, gently divergent posteriad; disk uneven with distinct longitudinal humeral impression, distinct postero-lateral impression and long, deep sutural impression, suture convex; punctation and interstices similar to those of pronotum.
Hind tarsi 0.72 times as long as hind tibiae, tarsomeres IV distinctly bilobed.
Abdomen cylindrical; distinct paratergites absent, but rudimentary lateral border present, tergites and sternites split apically; tergite VII with palisade fringe; punctures on abdominal tergites III–VIII round to elliptic, gradually becoming smaller posteriad; interstices smaller than half the diameter of punctures, with relatively faint reticulation on tergites III–VII and distinct reticulation on tergites VIII–X.
Male. Sternite VII with posteromedian portion slightly flattened; sternite VIII (
Female. Abdomen broader than that in male; sternite VIII (
Habitus of
China (Guizhou Province : Kuankuoshui).
This new species closely resembles
This species is named in honor of Mr. Zi-Wei Yin, collector of the new species.
Brachypterous; body blackish, anterior margin of labrum, antennae, maxillary palpi and legs yellowish brown, each elytron with a large oval orange spot, which is 1/3 to 1/2 as long as and 1/3 to 2/5 as broad as the respective elytron.
BL: 4.2–5.1 mm; FL: 1.9–2.4 mm.
HW: 0.83–1.03 mm, PL: 0.68–0.82 mm, PW: 0.60–0.74 mm, EL: 0.69–0.84 mm, EW: 0.69–0.88 mm, SL: 0.49–0.57 mm.
Head 1.14–1.21 times as wide as elytra; interocular area with deep longitudinal furrows, median portion convex, reaching the level of inner eye margins; punctures round, partly confluent, slightly larger and sparser on median area than those near inner margins of eyes, diameter of large punctures about as wide as apical cross section of antennal segment II; interstices hardly reticulated, much smaller than half the diameter of punctures except those along the midline of convex median portion, which may be larger. Antennae, when reflexed, extending a little after posterior margin of pronotum; relative length of segments from base to apex as 11.5: 7.5: 22: 12.5: 11: 9: 8.5: 6.5: 6.5: 6.5: 7.5. Paraglossa oval.
Pronotum 1.10–1.15 times as long as wide; disk uneven, with distinct median longitudinal furrow, two impressions in anterior half, transverse impression in about the middle, and two impressions in posterior half; punctures slightly rugose and partially confluent, slightly larger than those on head; interstices faintly reticulated, more or less smaller than half the diameter of punctures.
Elytra 0.94–1.01 times as long as wide, distinctly constricted at base, lateral margins, with slight concavity at about half, gently divergent posteriad; disk uneven with shallow longitudinal humeral impression, shallow postero-lateral impression and long, deep sutural impression, suture convex; punctation little larger than that of pronotum and interstices clearly microsculptured.
Hind tarsi 0.69 times as long as hind tibiae, tarsomeres IV distinctly bilobed.
Abdomen cylindrical; distinct paratergites absent, but rudimentary lateral border present, tergites and sternites split apically; tergite VII with palisade fringe; punctures on abdominal tergites III–VIII round to elliptic, gradually becoming smaller posteriad; interstices smaller than half the diameter of punctures, with relatively faint reticulation on tergites III–VII and distinct reticulation on tergites VIII–X.
Male. Sternite VII with posteromedian portion slightly flattened; sternite VIII (
Female. Abdomen broader than that of male; sternite VIII (
Habitus of
China (Guizhou Province : Kuankuoshui).
This new species closely resembles
The specific name is dedicated to Mr. Yan-Bin Zhai, collector of the new species.
We dedicate this paper to our friend Mr. Yan-Bin Zhai, a graduated student in our lab, who accidentally died during a collecting trip on 25th April 2011; we would like to express our sincere gratitude to dear Dr. V. Puthz (Germany) for his constant guidance on our study of Chinese