- ContentsContents
- Article InfoArticle Info
- CiteCite
- MetricsMetrics
- CommentComment
- RelatedRelated
- FigsFigs
- TabsTabs
- TaxaTaxa
- RefsRefs
- CitedCited
- NanopubsNanopubs
Cutaway diagram of a species of Caryophyllia illustrating the basic morphological features of an attached, solitary scleractinian (Modified from Cairns 1994). Small circular photos are from different scleractinian species and are intended to illustrate basic morphological characters used in the taxonomy of the group.
Heteropsammia cochleaA (USNM 97652) and B (USNM 73772): Calicular and lateral view respectively; Anomocora gigas (MNHN uncatalogued, Terrasses stn. CP3091) C and D Calicular and lateral view respectively; Eguchipsammia fistula (USNM uncatalogued, Norfolk 2 stn. 2024) E and F Calicular and colony view respectively; Lophelia pertusa(USNM 1071877) G and H Calicular and colony view respectively; Dichopsammia granulosa(USNM 15847, holotype) I and J Calicular and colony view respectively; Solenosmilia variabilis(USNM 47426) K and L Distal branch and colony view respectively. Scale bars: blue = 1 mm; white = 5 mm; green = 50 mm. Bold face indicates type species for the genus.
Madracis asperulaA (SEM, USNM 99068) and B (USNM 99056): Calicular and colony view respectively; Cladopsammia sp. (USNM uncatalogued, Norfolk 2 stn. 2023)C and D Calicular and colony view respectively; Dendrophyllia alcocki (USNM uncatalogued, Norfolk 2 stn. 2135)E and F Calicular and colony view respectively; Enallopsammia rostrata (USNM uncatalogued, Norfolk 2 stn. DW 2056) G and H Calicular and colony (calicular and acalicular side) view respectively; Tubastraea coccinea(USNM 46973) I Calicular view; Tubastraea diaphana (USNM 83677) J Colony view; Goniocorella dumosa(USNM 47505) K and L Calicular and colony view respectively. Scale bars: blue = 1 mm; white = 5 mm; green = 50 mm. Bold face indicates type species for the genus.
Pourtalosmilia anthophyllitesA (USNM 1174947) and B (USNM 117494): Calicular and colony view respectively; Confluphyllia juncta(USNM 97316, paratype) C and D Calicular and colony view respectively; Coenosmilia arbuscula(USNM 97312) E and F Calicular and colony view respectively; Sympodangia albatrossi (USNM 97308, holotype) G (SEM) and H Calicular and colony view respectively; Madrepora oculata(MNHN uncatalogued, Halipro 2 stn. BT104) I and J Calicular and colony view respectively; Cladocora debilis K (USNM 10452, SEM) and L (USNM 62351): Calicular and colony view respectively. Scale bars: blue = 1 mm; white = 5 mm; green = 50 mm. Bold face indicates type species for the genus.
Petrophyllia rediviva (USNM 82696) A and B Distal branch and colony view respectively; Oculina virgosa (MNHN uncatalogued, SMIB 5 stn. DW101) C and D Calicular and colony view respectively; Cyathelia axillaris(USNM 92665)E and F Calicular and colony view respectively; Bathelia candida(USNM 47512) G and H Calicular and colony view respectively; Sclerhelia hirtella(MNHN Michellin collection) I and J Calicular and colony view respectively; Madrepora minutiseptum (MNHN uncatalogued, SMIB 5 stn. DW101) K and L Calicular and colony view respectively. Scale bars: blue = 1 mm; white = 5 mm; green = 50 mm. Bold face indicates type species for the genus.
Madracis pharensis A (USNM 96676, SEM): Colony view; Madracis sp. B (MNHN uncatalogued, New Caledonia): Colony view; Rhizopsammia sp. (USNM uncatalogued, Bathus 4 stn. DW 941) C and D Calicular and colony view respectively; Astroides calycularis(USNM 78767) E and F Calice detail and colony view respectively; Tubastraea coccinea(USNM 46973) G and H Calicular and colony view respectively; Thalamophyllia tenuescens I (MNHN uncatalogued, Bathus 3 stn. CH802), J and K (Norfolk 2 stn. 2095): Calicular and corallum views respectively; Hoplangia durotrix(AU 6097) L (SEM) and M (SEM): Calicular and lateral view respectively. Scale bars: blue = 1 mm; white = 5 mm; green = 50 mm. Bold face indicates type species for the genus.
Colangia immersa (USNM 73917) A and B Calicular and colony view respectively; Culicia stellata(MNHN uncatalogued, New Caledonia) C and D Calicular and stolon connection view respectively; Oulangia bradleyi (USNM 92371)E and F Calicular and lateral view respectively; Astrangia danae (USNM 78507, SEM) G Calicular view; Astrangia poculata(USNM 80350, neotype) G and H and colony view respectively; Cladangia exusta (YPM 1359, syntype ?) I and J Calicular and colony view respectively; Rhizosmilia sagamiensis (USNM uncatalogued, Norfolk 2 stn. 2124) K and L Calicular and lateral view respectively. Scale bars: blue = 1 mm; white = 5 mm. Bold face indicates type species for the genus.
Polycyathus sp. (MNHN uncatalogued, Beryx 11 stn. DW11) A and B Calicular and colony view respectively; Phacelocyathus flos(USNM 46077)C and D Calicular and colony view respectively; Phyllangia americana(USNM 80881)E and F Calicular and colony view respectively; Bathycyathus chilensis(USNM 100711) G and H Calicular and colony view respectively; Coenocyathus anthophyllites (USNM 48694)I and J Calicular and colony view respectively; Nomlandia californica(SBMNH 35560, holotype)K Calicular view (after Cairns 1994). Scale bars: blue = 1 mm; white = 5 mm; green = 50 mm. Bold face indicates type species for the genus.
Labyrinthocyathus limatulus (USNM uncatalogued, Bathus 4 stn. DW 936)A and B Calicular and lateral view respectively; Oxysmilia corrugata (USNM uncatalogued, Norfolk 2 stn. DW2125)C and D Calicular and lateral view respectively; Monohedotrochus circularis (USNM uncatalogued, Norfolk 2 stn. DW2124)E and F Calicular and lateral view respectively; Lochmaeotrochus oculeus(USNM uncatalogued, Musorstom 6 stn. DW394)G and H Calicular and “aggregation” view respectively; Paracyathus sp. (MNHN uncatalogued, Ebisco stn. DW2555) I and J Calicular and lateral view respectively; Trochocyathus efateensis (USNM uncatalogued, Bathus 4 stn. DW818) K and L Calicular and lateral view respectively. Scale bars represent 5 mm. Bold face indicates type species for the genus.
Vaughanella concinna (USNM uncatalogued, Norfolk 2 stn. DW2070) A and B Calicular and lateral view respectively; Caryophyllia (Caryophyllia) diomedeae (USNM uncatalogued, Norfolk 2 stn. DW2086) C and D Calicular and lateral view respectively; Crispatotrochus rubescens (USNM uncatalogued, Bathus 3 stn. CP833)E and F Calicular and lateral view respectively; Desmophyllum dianthus(USNM uncatalogued, Halipro 1 stn. CP877) G and H Calicular and lateral view respectively; Dactylotrochus cervicornis(USNM uncatalogued, SMIB 10 stn. DW208) I and J Calicular and lateral view respectively; Javania insignis(USNM uncatalogued, Norfolk 2 stn. DW2023) K and L Calicular and lateral view respectively. Scale bars represent 5 mm. Bold face indicates type species for the genus.
Rhizotrochus typus(USNM uncatalogued, Norfolk 2 stn. DW2024)A and B Calicular and lateral view respectively; Polymyces wellsi C (MNHN uncatalogued, Ebisco stn. DW2618) and D (MNHN uncatalogued, New Caledonia): Calicular and lateral view respectively; Monomyces pygmaea(USNM 48561) E and F Calicular and lateral view respectively; Stolarskicyathus pocilliformis(MNHN uncatalogued, Ebisco stn. DW2573) G, H, and I Calicular, oblique, and lateral view respectively; Gardineria hawaiiensis(USNM uncatalogued, Norfolk 2 stn. DW2086) J and K Calicular and lateral view respectively; Concentrotheca laevigata(USNM 80748) L and M Calicular and oblique view respectively. Scale bars: blue = 1 mm; white = 5 mm. Bold face indicates type species for the genus.
Ceratotrochus magnaghii (USNM 48780) A and B Calicular and lateral view respectively; Tethocyathus virgatus (USNM uncatalogued, SMIB 10 stn. DW205) C and D Calicular and lateral view respectively; Guynia annulata(MNHN uncatalogued, Biogeocal stn. DW253) E, F and G Calicular, lateral, and oblique view respectively; Conotrochus funicolumna (USNM uncatalogued, Bathus 4 stn. CP967) H and I Calicular and lateral view respectively; Balanophyllia (Balanophyllia) laysanensis (MNHN uncatalogued, Musorstom 6 stn. DW407) J and K Calicular and lateral view respectively; Thecopsammia socialis(USNM 61828) L and M Calicular and lateral view respectively. Scale bars: blue = 1 mm; white = 5 mm. Bold face indicates type species for the genus.
Trochopsammia infundibulum(USNM 46722)A and B Calicular and lateral view respectively; Pourtalopsammia togata(USNM 91792) C and D Calicular and lateral view respectively; Bathypsammia tintinnabulum (USNM 14569)E and F Calicular and lateral view respectively; Endopsammia philippensis(USNM 83006) G and H Calicular and lateral view respectively; Leptopsammia stokesiana(USNM 78603) I and J Calicular and lateral view respectively; Stenocyathus vermiformis(USNM uncatalogued, Norfolk 2 stn. ?) K and L Calicular and lateral view respectively. Scale bars: blue = 1 mm; white = 5 mm. Bold face indicates type species for the genus.
Turbinolia stephensoni (USNM 80014) A (SEM) and B (SEM): Calicular and oblique view respectively; Balanophyllia (Eupsammia) carinata (MNHN uncatalogued, Chalcal stn. D22) C and D Calicular and lateral view respectively; Foveolocyathus parkeri (MNHN uncatalogued, Musorstom 5 stn. 280)E and F Calicular and lateral view respectively; Paraconotrochus zeidleri(USNM 85677, paratype) G and H Calicular and lateral view respectively; Trematotrochus corbicula (USNM 46477) I (SEM) and J (SEM): Calicular and lateral view respectively; Endocyathopora laticostata (USNM 81894) K (SEM) and L (SEM): Calicular and lateral view respectively. Scale bars: red = 0.25 mm; blue = 1 mm; white = 5 mm; green = 50 mm. Bold face indicates type species for the genus.
Pourtalocyathus hispidus(USNM 61928)A and B Calicular and lateral view respectively; Lissotrochus curvatus(AM G16745) C (SEM) and D (SEM): Calicular and oblique view respectively; Pleotrochus venustus(USNM uncatalogued, Norfolk 2 stn. DW 2104) E and F Calicular and lateral view respectively; Cryptotrochus sp. (MNHN uncatalogued, Ebisco stn. DW2603) G and H Calicular and oblique view respectively; Notocyathus venustus (USNM uncatalogued, Bathus 4 stn. DW 958) I and J Calicular and lateral view respectively; Thrypticotrochus petterdi(MNHN uncatalogued, Ebisco stn. DW2561) K and L Calicular and oblique view respectively. Scale bars: blue = 1 mm; white = 5 mm. Bold face indicates type species for the genus.
Pedicellocyathus keyesi(USNM 94268, paratype) A, B (SEM), and C Calicular, pedicel detail, and lateral view respectively; Schizocyathus fissilis(USNM 61747) D (SEM) and E (SEM): Calicular and lateral view respectively; Flabellum (Flabellum) politum (USNM uncatalogued, Bathus 4 stn. DW933) F and G Calicular and lateral view respectively; Flabellum (Ulocyathus) messum (MNHN uncatalogued, Bathus 1 stn. DW661) H and I Calicular and lateral view respectively; Conocyathus zelandiae (USNM 85713) J (SEM) and K (SEM): Oblique and lateral view respectively; Holcotrochus scriptus (USNM 85687) L (SEM) and M (SEM): Oblique and lateral view respectively. Scale bars: blue = 1 mm; white = 5 mm. Bold face indicates type species for the genus.
Pseudocyathoceras avis(USNM 46962, holotype)A and B Calicular and lateral view respectively; Caryophyllia (Caryophyllia) quadragenaria (USNM uncatalogued, PrFO, New Caledonia) C and D Calicular and oblique view respectively; Premocyathus dentiformis(MNHN uncatalogued, Ebisco stn. DW2573) E and F Calicular and oblique view respectively; Caryophyllia (Acanthocyathus) grayi(MNHN uncatalogued, Ebisco stn. DW2559) G and H Calicular and lateral view respectively; Dasmosmilia lymani(USNM 82997) I and J Calicular and lateral (aggregation) view respectively; Aulocyathus juvenescens(MNHN uncatalogued, Lifou 2000 stn. DW37) K, L, and M Calicular, lateral, and oblique view respectively. Scale bars: blue = 1 mm; white = 5 mm. Bold face indicates type species for the genus.
Ericiocyathus echinatus(USNM 97169, holotype)A and B Calicular and lateral view respectively; Anthemiphyllia patera costata (USNM uncatalogued, Norfolk 2 stn. 2066) C and D Calicular and lateral view respectively; Stephanocyathus (Stephanocyathus) regius (USNM uncatalogued, Bathus 3 stn. 858) E and F Calicular and lateral view respectively; Stephanocyathus (Acinocyathus) spiniger(USNM uncatalogued, Bathus 3 stn. CP877) G and H Calicular and lateral view respectively; Stephanocyathus (Odontocyathus) coronatus (USNM uncatalogued, Bathus 4 stn. CP950) I and J Calicular and lateral view respectively; Trochocyathus (Aplocyathus) brevispina (MNHN uncatalogued, Musorstom 8 stn. DW960) K, L, and M Calicular, oblique, and lateral view respectively. Scale bars represent 5 mm. Bold face indicates type species for the genus.
Deltocyathoides orientalis(MNHN uncatalogued, Bathus 3 stn. DW829) A, B and C Calicular, lateral, and base view respectively; Leptopenus discus(SIO Co-1271) D (SEM) and E (SEM): Oblique views respectively; Stephanophyllia complicata (USNM uncatalogued, New Caledonia) F, G, and H Calicular, lateral, and base view respectively; Letepsammia formosissima(USNM uncatalogued, Norfolk 2 stn. DW2032) I, J, and K Calicular, lateral, and base view respectively; Rhombopsammia niphada (USNM uncatalogued, Norfolk 2 stn. DW2069) L, M, and N Calicular, lateral, and base view respectively; Deltocyathus rotulus (MNHN-Scl.2008-0004) O, P, and Q Calicular, lateral, and base view respectively. Scale bars: blue = 1 mm; white = 5 mm. Bold face indicates type species for the genus.
Fungiacyathus (Fungiacyathus) paliferus (USNM uncatalogued, Bathus 3 stn. DW 887) A, B and C Calicular, lateral, and base view respectively; Fungiacyathus (Bathyactis) variegatus (MNHN uncatalogued, Lagoon NO stn. DC933) D, E, and F Calicular, lateral, and base view respectively; Tropidocyathus lessoni(MNHN uncatalogued, Musorstom 8 stn. DW1105) G and H Calicular and lateral view respectively; Alatotrochus rubescens(USNM uncatalogued, Bathus 4 stn. DW 908) I and J Calicular and lateral view respectively; Platytrochus hastatus (MNHN uncatalogued, Ebisco stn. DW2559) K, L, and M Calicular and lateral (GCD and LCD) views respectively; Sphenotrochus hancocki (MNHN uncatalogued, Ebisco stn. DW2617) N and O Calicular and oblique view respectively. Scale bars: blue = 1 mm; white = 5 mm. Bold face indicates type species for the genus.
Cyathotrochus pileus(USNM uncatalogued, Bathus 3 stn. CP833) A and B Calicular and lateral view respectively; Heterocyathus aequicostatus(USNM uncatalogued, Bathus 4 stn. DW933) C, D, and E Calicular, lateral, and base view respectively; Heteropsammia cochlea(USNM uncatalogued, Bathus 3 stn. DW894)F, G, and H Calicular, lateral, and base view respectively; Placotrochus laevis(USNM 81989) I and J Calicular and lateral view respectively; Falcatoflabellum raoulensis(MNHN uncatalogued, Ebisco stn. DW2603) K, L, and M Calicular, lateral, and oblique view respectively; Placotrochides scaphula(MNHN uncatalogued, Chalcal stn. DW75) N and O Calicular and oblique view respectively. Scale bars: blue = 1 mm; white = 5 mm. Bold face indicates type species for the genus.
Kionotrochus suteri(NZOI F915) A (SEM) and B (SEM): Calicular and lateral view respectively; Anthemiphyllia dentata (USNM uncatalogued, Bathus 4 stn. DW914) C, D, and E Calicular, lateral, and base view respectively; Bourneotrochus stellulatus(USNM uncatalogued, Bathus 3 stn. DW877) F, G, and H Calicular, lateral, and base view respectively; Peponocyathus folliculus(MNHN uncatalogued, Norfolk 1 stn. DW1697) I, J, and K Calicular, lateral, and base view respectively; Trochocyathus (Trochocyathus) discus (MNHN uncatalogued, Biocal stn. DW46) L, M, and N Calicular, lateral, and base view respectively; Temnotrochus kermadecensis(MNHN uncatalogued, Musorstom 5 stn. DW328) O and P Calicular and lateral view respectively. Scale bars: blue = 1 mm; white = 5 mm. Bold face indicates type species for the genus.
Idiotrochus emarciatus(MNHN uncatalogued, Ebisco stn. DW2632) A, B, and C Calicular, oblique, and lateral view respectively; Dunocyathus parasiticus(USNM 85697) D (SEM) and E (SEM): Oblique and lateral view respectively; Endopachys grayi (USNM uncatalogued, Norfolk 2 stn. DW2158)G and H Calicular and lateral view respectively; Notophyllia recta (USNM 85752) H, I, and J Calicular, oblique, and lateral view respectively; Australocyathus vincentinus(USNM 85699) K and L Oblique views respectively; Truncatoguynia irregularis(USNM uncatalogued, Norfolk 2 stn. DW2117) M and N Calicular and lateral view respectively. Scale bars: blue = 1 mm; white = 5 mm. Bold face indicates type species for the genus.
Blastotrochus nutrix(USNM 97553)– A and B Calicular and lateral view respectively; Truncatoflabellum sp. (MNHN uncatalogued, Concalis stn. DW2934) C, D, E, and F Calicular, oblique, lateral, and basal scar view respectively; Caryophyllia (Caryophyllia) abrupta (MNHN-Scl.2009-0067) G and H Calicular and lateral view respectively. Scale bars: blue = 1 mm; white = 5 mm. Bold face indicates type species for the genus.
A and B Caryophyllia ralphae (MNHN-Scl.2009-0077, A lateral view and B pedicel section): Green and red arrows indicating costae and monocyclic base respectively C and D Rhizosmilia robusta (USNM uncatalogued, Norfolk 2 stn. DW2114 C pedicel section and D lateral view): Red and green arrows indicating polycyclic base and costae respectively E Astroides calycularis (USNM 78767, colony view): Blue arrows indicating coenosteum F Dendrophyllia ijimai (USNM uncatalogued, Bathus 4 stn. DW933, lateral colony view): Yellow arrow indicating the axial polyp G Sphenotrochus hancocki (MNHN uncatalogued, Ebisco stn. DW2617, oblique view): Green arrows indicating costae H Trochocyathus hastatus (MNHN uncatalogued, Ebisco stn. DW2497, oblique view): White arrow indicating costal spines I Truncatoflabellum vigintifarium (MNHN uncatalogued, Ebisco stn. DW2578, oblique view): White arrow indicating lateral edge spines J Idiotrochus emarciatus (MNHN uncatalogued, Ebisco stn. DW2632, lateral view): White arrow indicating lateral edge spines (fish tail) K Tropidocyathus lessoni (MNHN uncatalogued, Musorstom 8 stn. DW1105, lateral view): White arrow indicating alate edge crests L Caryophyllia unicristata (MNHN-Scl.2009-0094, oblique view): White arrow indicating very sinuous lateral crest M Stephanocyathus weberianus (MNHN uncatalogued, Musorstom 5 stn. DW313, lateral view): White and green arrows indicating tubercles and costae respectively; Scale bars: blue = 1 mm; white = 5 mm.
A Indeterminate Caryophylliina (lateral view of live specimen, Roatan, Honduras ~200 m deep): Green arrow indicating the edge zone B Javania sp. (USNM uncatalogued, Norfolk 2 stn. CH 2115, broken pedicel section): Blue arrow indicating tectura layers C Leptoseris gardineri (JCU uncatalogued, Australia, septal detail [SEM]): Yellow arrow indicating meniane D Letepsammia franki (MNHN uncatalogued, Musorstom 6 stn. CP464, oblique view): Blue arrow indicating marginal shelf E Balanophyllia carinata (MNHN uncatalogued, Chalcal stn. D22, calicular view): Green diagram indicating a complete septal system arranged in a Pourtalès Plan configuration F Fungiacyathus sp. (MNHN uncatalogued, Biocal stn. CP17, oblique view): Synapticular plates highlighted in green G and H Truncatoflabellum candeanun (CSIRO uncatalogued, SS102005 stn. 170-086, lateral views) G anthocyathus and H anthocaulus I and J Bourneotrochus stellulatus (MNHN uncatalogued, Musorstom 4 stn. DW162, lateral views) I anthocyathus and J a specimen undergoing transverse division. Scale bars: blue = 1 mm; white = 5 mm.