An annotated catalogue of the mayfly fauna of Turkey (Insecta, Ephemeroptera)

Ali Salur; Mustafa Darilmaz; Ernst Bauernfeind

doi:10.3897/zookeys.620.9405

Catalogue

An annotated catalogue of the mayfly fauna of Turkey (Insecta, Ephemeroptera)

Ali Salur^‡, Mustafa Darilmaz^§, Ernst Bauernfeind^|

‡ Hitit University, Çorum, Turkey

§ Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey

| Natural History Museum, Vienna, Austria

Corresponding author: Ali Salur ( alisalur@gmail.com )

Academic editor: Ben Price

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Citation: Salur A, Darilmaz MC, Bauernfeind E (2016) An annotated catalogue of the mayfly fauna of Turkey (Insecta, Ephemeroptera). ZooKeys 620: 67-118. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.620.9405

ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:08C80EF0-E262-4080-B8AA-5C350F6B02E0

Abstract

The mayfly fauna of Turkey was reviewed including all hitherto known distribution records together with references and a few new records. Additionally, comments on taxonomy, identification and nomenclature are provided. Two species are new for the Turkish fauna: Ephemera romantzovi Kluge, 1988 and Thraulus thraker Jacob, 1988. A list of taxa including their recorded distribution in Turkey (according to provinces) is provided in the annotated catalogue. The type locality is also given for each species originally described from Turkey. According to the literature and the new records, 157 mayfly taxa representing 33 genera and 14 families were described from Turkey. Among them, 24 species are considered endemic to Anatolia.

Keywords

Annotated catalogue, bibliography, Ephemeroptera , Turkey

Introduction

Turkey is located among three continents geographically and covers a region also known as Asia Minor and Anatolia. Ulmer (1920) was the first author who described a new mayfly taxon from Turkey, whereas Verrier (1955) and Puthz (1972) provided the first faunistic records. Puthz (1978) already listed 17 species from Turkey but earnest faunistic research commenced with Kazancı (1984)¹, who contributed so far more than 30 papers, followed by Tanatmış (from 1995 onwards)² and others. A total of more than 70 scientific papers and books have been published on Ephemeroptera in Turkey until the year 2015 by Turkish and foreign researchers.

The websites www.faunaturkey.com and www.faunaturkey.org (established in 2013) aim to contribute more information on researchs about the fauna of Turkey. The data provided will be also added to the websites after publication. Our hope is to keep this list up-to-date with further additions and some corrections periodically, so we welcome information on any omissions, errors, and updates.

Material and methods

Data in this review have been based on a detailed study of literature on Ephemeroptera in Turkey as well as on hitherto unpublished material housed in the Natural History Museum, Vienna (NMW, Austria). Unpublished theses have not been considered, nor have all records above the species level. Distribution of species-group taxa in Turkey has been listed and referenced according to publication dates. National distribution records (without specific data at least on province level) have been listed under ‘Turkey’. Type locality of species were only provided if the taxon had originally been based on material from Turkey. Additionally, taxa considered endemic to Turkey have been specifically mentioned under ‘note’. Remarks on different taxonomic opinions and nomenclature have been added under ‘Comment’ whenever appropriate. Nomenclature and arrangement of families are given according to Bauernfeind and Soldán (2012).

Figure 1.

Provinces of Turkey

Annotated catalogue of the Turkish mayfly fauna

157 species-group taxa (153 species and 4 subspecies) of mayflies representing 33 genera and 14 families have been recorded from Turkey. Among them, 24 species (15.3%) are presently considered endemic to Turkey. Three species have been excluded from the Turkish checklist.

Family AMELETIDAE McCafferty, 1991

Genus Ameletus Eaton, 1885

Ameletus inopinatus Eaton, 1887

Distribution in Turkey. Ankara, Eskişehir (Tanatmış 1995); Kırklareli, Tekirdağ (Tanatmış 1997); Samsun, Zonguldak (Kazancı 2001b); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Genus Metreletus Demoulin, 1951

Metreletus balcanicus (Ulmer, 1920)

Distribution in Turkey. Kırklareli (Kazancı 1998a); listed from Turkey: Kazancı (2001b); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Family SIPHLONURIDAE Ulmer, 1920

Genus Siphlonurus Eaton, 1868

Siphlonurus aestivalis Eaton, 1903

Distribution in Turkey. Kırklareli, Tekirdağ (Tanatmış 1997); Balıkesir, Kütahya (Tanatmış 2000); Kütahya (Tanatmış 2002); Bolu (Tanatmış 2004a); Balıkesir (Narin and Tanatmış 2004); Konya (Kazancı 2011); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı (2001b); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Comment. Considering the difficulties in identification of Siphlonurus taxa at the larval stage, records based on male imagines would be desirable.

Siphlonurus lacustris Eaton, 1870

Distribution in Turkey. Aydın (Kazancı 2001b); listed from Turkey: Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Braasch, 1983

Type country and locality. Turkey, approximately 170-180 km south-east Amasia, Reşadiye district, the province of Tokat (Braasch 1983a).

Distribution in Turkey. Tokat (Braasch 1983a); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Comment. Larva not described.

Note. Endemic to Turkey.

Family BAETIDAE Leach, 1815

Genus Baetis Leach, 1815

Subgenus Acentrella Bengtsson, 1912

Comment. Acentrella is either considered of generic rank (Barber-James et al. 2013) or a subgenus of Baetis (Novikova and Kluge 1987; Bauernfeind and Soldán 2011); see also Kluge and Novikova (2011).

Baetis (Acentrella) inexpectatus (Tshernova, 1928)

Distribution in Turkey. Elazığ (Berker 1981); Ağrı, Kars (Kazancı 1986a); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı (2001b); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Baetis (Acentrella) lapponicus (Bengtsson, 1912)

Distribution in Turkey. Bolu (Kazancı 2001b); Bolu (Kazancı and Türkmen 2008a); Bolu (Kazancı and Türkmen 2008b); listed from Turkey: Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Comment. Occurrence of B. (A.) lapponicus in Turkey [syntopic with B. (A.) sinaicus] seems rather doubtful and a re-examination of voucher specimens would be useful.

Baetis (Acentrella) sinaicus (Bogoescu, 1931)

Distribution in Turkey. Bolu (Kazancı 1984); Balıkesir (Tanatmış 2000); Karabük (Tanatmış 2004a); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı (2001b); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Subgenus Baetis Leach, 1815

Baetis (Baetis) alpinus (Pictet, 1843)

Distribution in Turkey. Ankara, Ağrı, Antalya, Bayburt, Erzurum, Kars, Konya (Kazancı 1984); Çankırı, Erzincan, Hakkari (Kazancı 2009); listed from Turkey: Puthz (1973); Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı (2001b); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Comment. Taxonomy of the Baetis alpinus species-group sensuMüller-Liebenau (1969) is rather complicated and several taxa are known from the near vicinity of Turkey. Tabular summaries of diagnostic characters for all species of the B. alpinus species-group described so far have been provided by Peru and Thomas (2003, Ephemera 3, 2: 75) for larvae and by Righetti and Thomas (2001, Ephemera 2, 2: 77) for male imagines.

Baetis (Baetis) buceratus Eaton, 1870

Distribution in Turkey. Ankara, Antalya, Balıkesir, Bayburt, Bingöl, Bolu, Elazığ, Erzurum, Eskişehir, Isparta, Kırşehir, Konya, Sivas, Van (Kazancı 1985a); Hatay, Şanlıurfa (Koch 1988); Muğla (Kazancı et al. 1992); Balıkesir (Tanatmış 2000); Balıkesir, Bursa, Kütahya (Tanatmış 2002); Bolu, Karabük, Kastamonu, Zonguldak (Tanatmış 2004a); Kastamonu (Tanatmış 2004b); Balıkesir, Çanakkale (Narin and Tanatmış 2004); Sinop (Ertorun and Tanatmış 2004); Bartın (Tanatmış and Ertorun 2006); Düzce, Zonguldak (Tanatmış 2007); Ankara (Kazancı and Girgin 2008); Adıyaman, Erzurum, Kars (Kazancı 2009); Afyon, Konya (Özyurt and Tanatmış 2011); Malatya (Aydınlı 2013); İzmir, Kütahya, Manisa, Uşak (Aydınlı and Ertorun 2015); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı (2001b); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Baetis (Baetis) elazigi Berker, 1981

Type country and locality. Turkey, Keban Deresi (the type locality is located in the province of Elazığ) (Berker 1981).

Distribution in Turkey. Elazığ (Berker 1981); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı (2001b); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Note. Endemic to Turkey

Comment. Description and drawings do not allow identification without some doubt. A re-examination of type material (not specified) is necessary to ascertain the taxonomic status of this species.

Baetis (Baetis) fuscatus (Linnaeus, 1761)

Distribution in Turkey. Hatay [as Baetis bioculatus Linnaeus, 1758 (Verrier 1955)]; Ankara, Ağrı, Balıkesir, Bayburt, Bingöl, Erzurum, Erzincan, Hatay, Kars, Muş, Tekirdağ (Kazancı 1985a); Tekirdağ (Tanatmış 1997); Afyon (Kazancı 1998b); Balıkesir (Tanatmış 2000); Erzincan, Erzurum, Gümüşhane, Kars (Kazancı 2001a); Bursa, Kütahya (Tanatmış 2002); Bolu, Karabük, Zonguldak (Tanatmış 2004a); Kastamonu, Sinop (Tanatmış 2004b); Balıkesir, Çanakkale (Narin and Tanatmış 2004); Sinop (Ertorun and Tanatmış 2004); Bartın (Tanatmış and Ertorun 2006); Düzce, Zonguldak (Tanatmış 2007); Ankara (Kazancı and Girgin 2008); Bolu (Kazancı and Türkmen 2008a); Bolu (Kazancı and Türkmen 2008b); Giresun, Gümüşhane, Rize, Trabzon (Türkmen and Kazancı 2015); İzmir, Manisa (Aydınlı and Ertorun 2015); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı (2001b); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012); Eastern Black Sea Basin (Türkmen and Kazancı 2013).

Baetis (Baetis) lutheri Müller-Liebenau, 1967

Distribution in Turkey. Muş (Kazancı 1985a); Sivas (Koch 1985); Hatay (Koch 1988); Muğla (Kazancı et al. 1992); Balıkesir (Tanatmış 2000); Ankara (Kazancı 2001b); Bursa (Tanatmış 2002); Bolu, Karabük, Kastamonu, Zonguldak (Tanatmış 2004a); Kastamonu, Sinop (Tanatmış 2004b); Balıkesir (Narin and Tanatmış 2004); Sinop (Ertorun and Tanatmış 2004); Bartın (Tanatmış and Ertorun 2006); Düzce (Tanatmış 2007); Ankara (Kazancı and Girgin 2008); Bolu (Kazancı and Türkmen 2008a); Bolu (Kazancı and Türkmen 2008b); Sinop (Tanatmış and Ertorun 2008); Adıyaman (Kazancı 2009); Afyon, Konya (Özyurt and Tanatmış 2011); Tokat (Kazancı et al. 2012); Malatya (Aydınlı 2013); Giresun, Gümüşhane, Rize, Trabzon (Türkmen and Kazancı 2015); Kütahya, Manisa, Uşak (Aydınlı and Ertorun 2015); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012); Eastern Black Sea Basin (Türkmen and Kazancı 2013).

Comment. Subspecific identity of records as Baetis lutheri (as above) is not clear.

Baetis (Baetis) lutheri georgiensis Zimmermann, 1981

Distribution in Turkey. Artvin, Erzincan, Tunceli (Kazancı 2009); listed from Turkey: Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Comment. Larval characters of Baetis lutheri georgensis Zimmermann have so far not been described. Identification and separation of subspecies Baetis lutheri lutheriMüller-Liebenau and Baetis lutheri georgensis Zimmermann in the larval stage remain therefore doubtful at present.

Baetis (Baetis) macani Kimmins, 1957

Distribution in Turkey. Elazığ (Berker 1981); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı (2001b); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Comment. Taxonomy and identification of B. macani and related taxa is rather complicated (see Savolainen et al. 2007; Savolainen 2009). Baetis macani is considered to represent a tundral or boreo-tundral faunistic element distributed north of 54° northern latitude and occurrence in Turkey is rather unlikely. A re-examination of voucher material would be useful.

Baetis (Baetis) melanonyx (Pictet, 1843)

Distribution in Turkey. Hatay (Koch 1988); Ankara (Kazancı 2001b); listed from Turkey: Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Baetis (Baetis) meridionalis Ikonomov, 1954

Distribution in Turkey. Ankara, Muş, Sivas (Kazancı 1984); Balıkesir, Bursa, Kütahya (Tanatmış 2000); Balıkesir, Bursa, Kütahya (Tanatmış 2002); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı (2001b); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Baetis (Baetis) pavidus Grandi, 1951

Distribution in Turkey. Elazığ (Berker 1981); Bilecik, Bursa, Eskişehir, Kütahya (Tanatmış 1995); Balıkesir, (Tanatmış 2000); Bursa, Kütahya (Tanatmış 2002); Bolu (Kazancı and Türkmen 2008a); Bolu (Kazancı and Türkmen 2008b); Tokat (Kazancı et al. 2012); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı (2001b); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Baetis (Baetis) nexus Navás, 1918

Distribution in Turkey (as Baetis pentaphlebodes Ujhelyi, 1966). Kars, Erzurum (Kazancı 1984); Kütahya (Tanatmış 2000, 2002); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı (2001b); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Comment. Baetis pentaphlebodes Ujhelyi, 1966 is usually considered to represent a junior subjective synonym of Baetis nexus Navás, 1918 (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 2007. Opinion 2171, Case 3322. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 64 (2): 131 [Baetis nexus Navás, 1918 placed on the Official List of Specific Names in Zoology]. See also Sziráki (2005).

Baetis (Baetis) samochai Koch, 1981

Distribution in Turkey. Diyarbakır (Koch 1985); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı (2001b); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Baetis (Baetis) scambus Eaton, 1870

Distribution in Turkey. Ankara (Kazancı 1984); Muğla (Kazancı et al. 1992); Ankara, Bursa, Eskişehir, Kütahya (Tanatmış 1995); Bolu, Çankırı, Kırşehir (Kazancı 2001b); Bolu (Taşdemir et al. 2008); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Comment. Larvae are very similar to B. fuscatus, not always reliably separated. Identification is comparatively easy if larvae and male imagines are associated.

Baetis (Baetis) vardarensis caucasicus Zimmermann, 1981

Distribution in Turkey. Trabzon (Kazancı 2009); listed from Turkey: Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Baetis (Baetis) vernus Curtis, 1834

Distribution in Turkey. Elazığ (Berker 1981); Ankara, Erzincan (Kazancı 1984); Sivas (Koch 1985); Ankara, Bolu, Eskişehir, Kütahya (Tanatmış 1995); Edirne, İstanbul, Kırklareli, Tekirdağ (Tanatmış 1997); Balıkesir, Bursa, Kütahya (Tanatmış 2000); Erzincan, Erzurum (Kazancı 2001a); Kırşehir, Konya (Kazancı 2001b); Bursa, Kütahya (Tanatmış 2002); Bolu, Karabük, Kastamonu, Zonguldak (Tanatmış 2004a); Kastamonu, Sinop (Tanatmış 2004b); Balıkesir (Narin and Tanatmış 2004); Sinop (Ertorun and Tanatmış 2004); Bartın (Tanatmış and Ertorun 2006); Düzce (Tanatmış 2007); Sinop (Tanatmış and Ertorun 2008); Afyon, Konya (Özyurt and Tanatmış 2011); Malatya (Aydınlı 2013); İzmir, Kütahya, Manisa, Uşak (Aydınlı and Ertorun 2015); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Subgenus Labiobaetis Novikova & Kluge, 1987

Comment. Labiobaetis is either considered of generic rank (Barber-James et al. 2013) or a subgenus of Baetis (Novikova and Kluge 1987, Bauernfeind and Soldán 2011); see also the interesting discussion in Kluge (2015) [accessed October 15^th 2015].

Baetis (Labiobaetis) atrebatinus Eaton, 1870

Distribution in Turkey. Manisa, Uşak (Aydınlı and Ertorun 2015).

Baetis (Labiobaetis) balcanicus Müller-Liebenau & Soldán, 1981

Distribution in Turkey. Balıkesir (Kazancı 1998a); listed from Turkey: Kazancı (2001b); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Baetis (Labiobaetis) tricolor Tshernova, 1928

Distribution in Turkey. Diyarbakır (Koch 1985); Hatay (Koch 1988); Sivas (Kazancı 1998a); Balıkesir (Tanatmış 2000); Artvin, Erzurum, Sivas (Kazancı 2001a); Bursa (Tanatmış 2002); Erzincan, Tunceli (Kazancı 2009); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı (2001b); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Comment. Occurrence of potamalic B. tricolor in high mountain streams (Erzincan, Tunceli at between 1000–1500 m a.s.l.) is rather doubtful. In the larval stage, usually not separable from B. calcaratus Keffermüller, 1972. A re-examination of voucher specimens would be desirable.

Subgenus Rhodobaetis Jacob, 2003

Baetis (Rhodobaetis) bisri Thomas & Dia, 1983

Distribution in Turkey. Hakkari, Dicle River Basin, 1500 m, 10. 7. 1986, 3 larvae (Kazancı 2009).

Comment. Novikova (1987: 79) suggested the possible synonymy of B. bisri with B. stipposus Kluge, 1982 [presently considered a junior subjective synonym of B. braaschi Zimmermann, 1980]. However, Godunko et al. (2004: 165) considered B. bisri a well-characterized taxon easily separated from B. braaschi in the nymph stage by several morphological characters. No information was provided by Kazancı (2009) on characters for identification and several closely related taxa have subsequently been described from the neighbouring (adjacent) Taurus region. Occurrence of B. bisri in Turkey is not very likely and the record may in fact be based on any taxon of the subgenus Baetis (Rhodobaetis). The record from Hakkari has obviously been listed subsequently by Kazancı and Türkmen (2012) as B. braaschi (see below).

Baetis (Rhodobaetis) braaschi Zimmermann, 1980

Distribution in Turkey. Probably Hakkari (as B. bisri; Kazancı 2009). Listed from Turkey: Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Comment. For diagnostic characters and their variability see Sroka et al. (2012).

Baetis (Rhodobaetis) gemellus Eaton, 1885

Distribution in Turkey. Ankara, Bingöl, Erzurum, Yozgat (Kazancı 1984); Muğla (Kazancı et al. 1992); Bolu (Kazancı and Türkmen 2008a); Bolu (Kazancı and Türkmen 2008b); Giresun, Gümüşhane, Rize, Trabzon (Türkmen and Kazancı 2015); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı (2001b); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012); Eastern Black Sea Basin (Türkmen and Kazancı 2013).

Comment. Baetis gemellus Eaton is considered an insufficiently known taxon, at present represented by the male lectotype (Kimmins 1960) only. Larval characters and distribution not known, probably restricted to Switzerland. According to Godunko et al. (2015) all previous records as B. gemellus from Turkey refer in fact to Baetis vadimi Godunko, Palatov and Martynov, 2015.

Baetis (Rhodobaetis) macrospinosus Koch, 1985

Type country and locality. Turkey, Dicle river, 100 m upstream Dicle Bridge (at Gözlü Köprü), province of Diyarbakır (Koch 1985).

Distribution in Turkey. Diyarbakır (Koch 1985); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı (2001b); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Note. Endemic to Turkey.

Baetis (Rhodobaetis) milani Godunko, Prokopov & Soldán, 2004

Distribution in Turkey. Balıkesir (Türkmen and Özkan 2011); Gümüşhane, Rize, Trabzon (Türkmen and Kazancı 2015); listed from Turkey: Kazancı and Türkmen (2012); Eastern Black Sea Basin (Türkmen and Kazancı 2013).

Comment. According to Godunko et al. (2015: 196) the record from Balıkesir is doubtful and distribution in Anatolia needs confirmation.

Baetis (Rhodobaetis) pseudogemellus Soldán, 1977

Distribution in Turkey. Siirt (Kazancı 2009); listed from Turkey: Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Comment. Occurrence of B. pseudogemellus in Turkey is extremely unlikely (Godunko et al. 2015: 196), but several rather similar taxa of the subgenus Rhodobaetis occur in this region. A re-examination of voucher specimens from Siirt would be desirable.

Baetis (Rhodobaetis) rhodani (Pictet, 1843)

Distribution in Turkey. Antalya, Osmaniye (Puthz 1972); Elazığ (Berker 1981); Ankara, Balıkesir, Bayburt, Bingöl, Erzurum, Hakkari, Kars, Muş, Van (Kazancı 1984); Hatay (Koch 1988); Ankara, Bilecik, Bolu, Bursa, Eskişehir, Kütahya, Sakarya (Tanatmış 1995); Çanakkale, Edirne, İstanbul, Kırklareli, Tekirdağ (Tanatmış 1997); Balıkesir, Kütahya (Tanatmış 2000); Konya (Kazancı 2001b); Bursa, Kütahya (Tanatmış 2002); Bolu, Karabük, Kastamonu, Zonguldak (Tanatmış 2004a); Kastamonu, Sinop (Tanatmış 2004b); Balıkesir, Çanakkale (Narin and Tanatmış 2004); Sinop (Ertorun and Tanatmış 2004); Bartın (Tanatmış and Ertorun 2006); Düzce, Zonguldak (Tanatmış 2007); Ankara (Kazancı and Girgin 2008); Bolu (Kazancı and Türkmen 2008a); Bolu (Kazancı and Türkmen 2008b); Sinop (Tanatmış and Ertorun, 2008); Çankırı (Kazancı 2009); Balıkesir (Türkmen and Özkan 2011); Afyon, Konya (Özyurt and Tanatmış 2011); Tokat (Kazancı et al. 2012); Malatya (Aydınlı 2013); Giresun, Gümüşhane, Rize, Trabzon (Türkmen and Kazancı 2015); İzmir, Kütahya, Manisa, Uşak (Aydınlı and Ertorun 2015); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012); Eastern Black Sea Basin (Türkmen and Kazancı 2013).

Comment. Taxonomy of the Baetis rhodani species-group sensuMüller-Liebenau (1969) is rather complicated and numerous new species have been described in the more recent past. For a redescription and designation of neotype see Gattolliat and Sartori (2008).

Baetis (Rhodobaetis) vadimi Godunko, Palatov & Martynov, 2015

Type country and locality. Turkey, Unnamed brook, small right-side tributary of upper part of Fırtına Deresi (Kaçkar Mountains), district of Ardeşen, Rize province (Godunko et al. 2015).

Distribution in Turkey. Rize (Godunko et al. 2015).

Comment. Various earlier records as Baetis gemellus may in fact represent Baetis (Rhodobaetis) vadimi (see Comment above).

Subgenus Nigrobaetis Novikova & Kluge, 1987

Comment. Nigrobaetis is either considered of generic rank (Barber-James et al. 2013) or a subgenus of Baetis (Novikova and Kluge 1987, Bauernfeind and Soldán 2011). It is not clear, whether Alainites Waltz and McCafferty, 1994, should be treated as a distinct genus-group taxon (e.g. Barber-James et al. 2013) or included in Labiobaetis (e.g. Kluge 2015; accessed October 15^th 2015).

Baetis (Nigrobaetis) digitatus Bengtsson, 1912

Distribution in Turkey. Bolu, Muş, Sivas (Kazancı 1984); Bolu, Zonguldak (Tanatmış 2004a); Kastamonu, Sinop (Tanatmış 2004b); Balıkesir (Narin and Tanatmış 2004); Sinop (Ertorun and Tanatmış 2004); Bartın (Tanatmış and Ertorun 2006); Düzce, Zonguldak (Tanatmış 2007); listed from Turkey (Tanatmış 1999; Kazancı 2001b; Kazancı and Türkmen 2012).

Comment. Taxonomy of B. digitatus is insufficiently known and specific identity of southern (Mediterranean) and southeastern (Turkey, Caucasus region) representatives probably questionable. A series of reared material from Turkey would be especially interesting towards solving this question.

Baetis (Nigrobaetis) gracilis Bogoescu & Tabacaru, 1957

Distribution in Turkey. Balıkesir (Tanatmış 2000); Balıkesir (Kazancı 2001b); Balıkesir, Bursa (Tanatmış 2002); Karabük, Zonguldak (Tanatmış 2004a); listed from Turkey: Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Baetis (Nigrobaetis) kars Thomas & Kazancı, 1989

Type country and locality. Turkey, Kızılsu (the type locality is a stream and is located in the province of Şırnak) (Kazancı and Thomas 1989).

Distribution in Turkey. Hakkari, Kars, Şırnak (Kazancı and Thomas 1989); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı (2001b); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Baetis (Nigrobaetis) muticus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Distribution in Turkey. Bingöl, Van (Kazancı 1984); Muğla (Kazancı et al. 1992); Ankara, Bilecik, Bolu, Bursa, Eskişehir, Kütahya, Sakarya (Tanatmış 1995); İstanbul, Kırklareli, Tekirdağ (Tanatmış 1997); Balıkesir, Kütahya (Tanatmış 2000); Artvin, Erzincan, Erzurum, Kars (Kazancı 2001a); Kütahya (Tanatmış 2002); Bolu, Karabük, Kastamonu, Zonguldak (Tanatmış 2004a); Kastamonu, Sinop (Tanatmış 2004b); Sinop (Ertorun and Tanatmış 2004); Bartın (Tanatmış and Ertorun 2006); Düzce, Zonguldak (Tanatmış 2007); Bolu (Kazancı and Türkmen 2008a); Bolu (Kazancı and Türkmen 2008b); Sinop (Tanatmış and Ertorun 2008); Balıkesir (Türkmen and Özkan 2011); Afyon, Konya (Özyurt and Tanatmış 2011); Giresun, Rize, Trabzon (as A. muticus) (Türkmen and Kazancı 2015); Kütahya, Manisa (Aydınlı and Ertorun 2015); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı (2001b); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012); Eastern Black Sea Basin (Türkmen and Kazancı 2013).

Baetis (Nigrobaetis) niger (Linnaeus, 1761)

Distribution in Turkey. Samsun (Kazancı 1984); Sivas (Koch 1985); Ankara (Kazancı 2001b); Manisa (Aydınlı and Ertorun 2015); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Genus Centroptilum Eaton, 1869

Centroptilum luteolum (O.F. Müller, 1776)

Distribution in Turkey. Ankara (Kazancı 1984); Sivas (Koch 1985); Ankara, Eskişehir (Tanatmış 1995); Çanakkale (Tanatmış 1997); Kütahya (Tanatmış 2000); Kütahya (Tanatmış 2002); Bolu, Karabük, Kastamonu, Zonguldak (Tanatmış 2004a); Kastamonu, Sinop (Tanatmış 2004b); Balıkesir (Narin and Tanatmış 2004); Sinop (Ertorun and Tanatmış 2004); Bartın (Tanatmış and Ertorun 2006); Zonguldak (Tanatmış 2007); Balıkesir (Türkmen and Özkan 2011); Afyon, Konya (Özyurt and Tanatmış 2011); Kütahya, Manisa (Aydınlı and Ertorun 2015); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı (2001b); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Genus Cloeon Leach, 1815

Cloeon dipterum (Linnaeus, 1761)

Distribution in Turkey. Zonguldak (Verrier 1955); Afyon, Ankara, Ardahan, Erzurum, Nevşehir (Kazancı 1984); Ankara (Koch 1985); Hatay, Şanlıurfa (Koch 1988); Eskişehir, Kütahya, Sakarya (Tanatmış 1995); Edirne, İstanbul, Kırklareli, Tekirdağ (Tanatmış 1997); Balıkesir (Tanatmış 2000); Balıkesir, Bursa, Kütahya (Tanatmış 2002); Bolu, Karabük, Zonguldak (Tanatmış 2004a); Kastamonu (Tanatmış 2004b); Balıkesir, Çanakkale (Narin and Tanatmış 2004); Sinop (Ertorun and Tanatmış, 2004); Bartın (Tanatmış and Ertorun 2006); Düzce, Zonguldak (Tanatmış 2007); Bolu, Sakarya (Taşdemir et al. 2008); Konya (Topkara et al. 2009); Balıkesir (Türkmen and Özkan 2011); Afyon, Konya (Özyurt and Tanatmış 2011); Malatya (Aydınlı 2013); İzmir, Manisa, Uşak (Aydınlı and Ertorun 2015); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı (2001b); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Cloeon simile Eaton, 1870

Distribution in Turkey. Ankara, Erzincan, Kırşehir (Kazancı 1984); Bursa (Tanatmış 1995); Balıkesir (Tanatmış 2000); Bolu, Kırşehir (Kazancı 2001b); Kütahya (Tanatmış 2002); Balıkesir (Narin and Tanatmış 2004); Malatya (Aydınlı 2013); Manisa (Aydınlı and Ertorun 2015); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Genus Procloeon Bengtsson, 1915

Procloeon bifidum (Bengtsson, 1912)

Distribution in Turkey. Eskişehir (Kazancı 1984); Kırklareli, Tekirdağ (Tanatmış 1997); Balıkesir (Tanatmış 2000); Kütahya (Tanatmış 2002); Bolu, Zonguldak (Tanatmış 2004a); Sinop (Tanatmış 2004b); Balıkesir (Narin and Tanatmış 2004); Sinop (Ertorun and Tanatmış 2004); Bartın (Tanatmış and Ertorun 2006); Düzce, Zonguldak (Tanatmış 2007); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı (2001b); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Procloeon nana (Bogoescu, 1951)

Distribution in Turkey. Ağrı (as Centroptilum nanum; Kazancı 1984); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı (2001b); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Comment. Frequently placed in the subgenus (originally genus) Pseudocentroptilum Bogoescu, 1947. Very similar to (or conspecific with) P. macronyx (Kluge and Novikova 1992), see discussion in Bauernfeind and Soldán (2012: 212) and Kluge (2015).

Procloeon pennulatum (Eaton, 1870)

Distribution in Turkey. Ağrı, Ankara, Erzurum (as Centroptilum pennulatum; Kazancı 1984); Şanlıurfa (as Centroptilum pennulatum; Koch 1988); Çanakkale, Kırklareli (Tanatmış 1997); Balıkesir, Bursa, Kütahya (Tanatmış 2000); Balıkesir, Kütahya (Tanatmış 2000); Erzurum (Kazancı 2001a); Ankara, Çankırı (Kazancı 2001b); Balıkesir, Bursa, Kütahya (Tanatmış 2002); Bolu, Karabük, Zonguldak (Tanatmış 2004a); Kastamonu (Tanatmış 2004b); Bartın (Tanatmış and Ertorun 2006); Düzce, Zonguldak (Tanatmış 2007); Afyon, Konya (Özyurt and Tanatmış 2011); Manisa (Aydınlı and Ertorun 2015); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Comment. Frequently placed in the subgenus (originally genus) Pseudocentroptilum Bogoescu, 1947.

Procloeon pulchrum (Eaton, 1885)

Distribution in Turkey. Bingöl, Kars (as Centroptilum pulchrum; Kazancı 1984); Diyarbakır (as Centroptilum ? pulchrum: Koch 1985); Şanlıurfa (as Centroptilum ? pulchrum: Koch 1988); Zonguldak (Tanatmış 2004a); Kastamonu, Sinop (Tanatmış 2004b); Sinop (Ertorun and Tanatmış 2004); Düzce (Tanatmış 2007); Sinop (Tanatmış and Ertorun 2008); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı (2001b); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Comment. Frequently placed in the subgenus (originally genus) Pseudocentroptilum Bogoescu, 1947.

Genus Pseudocentroptiloides Jacob, 1986

Pseudocentroptiloides shadini (Kazlauskas, 1964)

Distribution in Turkey. Çankırı, Kırşehir (Kazancı 2001b); listed from Turkey: Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Comment. Has been placed in Psammonella Glazaczow (in Jacob and Glazaczow), 1986 by Kluge and Novikova (1992), but see discussion in Kluge (2015; accessed October 15^th 2015).

Family ISONYCHIIDAE Burks, 1953

Genus Isonychia Albarda, 1878

Isonychia ignota Walker, 1853

Material. Yalova, brook I Köseler, Koruköy, male imago, female imago, 30.5.1992, H. Malicky leg., 38°50'N, 27°10'E (NMW).

Distribution in Turkey. Samsun, Zonguldak (Kazancı 1986a); Eskişehir (Tanatmış 1995); İstanbul (Tanatmış 1997); Balıkesir (Tanatmış 2000); Erzincan (Kazancı 2001a); Ankara, Balıkesir, Muğla (Kazancı 2001b); Balıkesir (Tanatmış 2002); Karabük, Zonguldak (Tanatmış 2004a); Kastamonu (Tanatmış 2004b); Balıkesir, Çanakkale (Narin and Tanatmış 2004); Sinop (Ertorun and Tanatmış 2004); Bartın (Tanatmış and Ertorun 2006); Zonguldak (Tanatmış 2007); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Family OLIGONEURIIDAE Ulmer, 1914

Genus Oligoneuriella Ulmer, 1924

Oligoneuriella magna Bojková & Soldán in Sroka et al., 2015

Type country and locality. Turkey, Kayseri, Zamantı Irmağı River, Eşelik (near Taşçı); 38°12'42.7"N / 35°50'31.1"E.

Distribution in Turkey. Kayseri (Sroka et al. 2015).

Note. Endemic to Turkey.

Comment. Imago not described.

Oligoneuriella orontensis Koch, 1980

Distribution in Turkey. Hatay (Koch 1980); Diyarbakır (Koch 1985); Hatay (Koch 1988); Erzincan, Erzurum, Tunceli (Kazancı 2001a); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı (2001b); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Comment. Imago not described.

Oligoneuriella pallida (Hagen, 1855)

Distribution in Turkey. Amasya (as Oligoneuriella mikulskii Sowa, 1961; Kazancı 1986a); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı (2001b); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Oligoneuriella paulopilosa Sroka in Sroka et al., 2015

Type country and locality. Turkey, Adıyaman, Sürgü Çayı river near Gölbaşı; 37°50'10.2"N / 37°41'06.9"E (Sroka et al. 2015).

Distribution in Turkey. Adıyaman (Sroka et al. 2015).

Note. Endemic to Turkey.

Comment. Imago not described.

Oligoneuriella pectinata Bojková & Soldán in Sroka et al., 2015

Type country and locality. Turkey, Adıyaman, right tributary of Göksu Çayı, Taşlıyazı (near Besni); 37°42'36.9"N / 37°56'16.0"E (Sroka et al. 2015).

Distribution in Turkey. Adıyaman (Sroka et al. 2015).

Note. Endemic to Turkey.

Oligoneuriella rhenana (Imhoff, 1852)

Distribution in Turkey. Kırklareli (Kazancı 1986a); Bilecik, Bolu, Eskişehir (Tanatmış 1995); Kırklareli (Tanatmış 1997); Balıkesir, Kütahya (Tanatmış 2000); Balıkesir, Muğla, Kırklareli (Kazancı 2001b); Balıkesir, Bursa, Kütahya (Tanatmış 2002); Bolu, Karabük, Zonguldak (Tanatmış 2004a); Kastamonu, Sinop (Tanatmış 2004b); Balıkesir (Narin and Tanatmış 2004); Sinop (Ertorun and Tanatmış 2004); Bartın (Tanatmış and Ertorun 2006); Sinop (Tanatmış and Ertorun 2008); Bolu (Kazancı and Türkmen 2008a); Bolu (Kazancı and Türkmen 2008b); Tokat (Kazancı et al. 2012); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Oligoneuriella tskhomelidzei Sowa & Zosidze, 1973

Distribution in Turkey. Van (as Oligoneuriella baskale Soldán and Landa 1977; Soldan and Landa 1977); Artvin, Erzincan (as Oligoneuriella zanga Soldán and Landa; Kazancı 2001a); Kars, Van (as O. baskale Soldán and Landa; Kazancı 2009); listed from Turkey: Kazancı (2001b); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Comment. Imago of O. tskhomelidzei not described. Both, Oligoneuriella baskale Soldán and Landa, 1977 and Oligoneuriella zanga Soldán and Landa, 1977 have been considered to represent junior subjective synonyms of Oligoneuriella tskhomelidzei Sowa and Zosidze, 1973 by Kluge (2004).

Family HEPTAGENIIDAE Needham in Needham & Betten, 1901

Genus Ecdyonurus Eaton, 1865

Comment. For use of the name Ecdyonurus see Bauernfeind and Haybach (2012) and ICZN (2015).

Ecdyonurus bimaculatus Tanatmış & Haybach, 2010

Type country and locality. Turkey, Emet Stream (Emet Stream is located in the Harmancık – Dursunbey Road 24.km, Hopanlar village, the province of Balıkesir) (Tanatmış and Haybach 2010).

Distribution in Turkey. Balıkesir, Bursa, Karabük, Kütahya, Sinop, Zonguldak (Tanatmış and Haybach 2010).

Note. Endemic to Turkey.

Comment. Tentatively placed in Ecdyonurus by Tanatmış and Haybach (2010), very similar to Afghanurus vicinus Demoulin, 1964 (larva not described) and Afronurus? sp. 1 of Demoulin (1963: p. 37, imago not described). For a discussion of taxonomic concepts for Ecdyonurus Eaton see Bauernfeind and Soldán (2012: 251) and Bauernfeind and Haybach (2012).

Subgenus Ecdyonurus Eaton, 1865

Ecdyonurus (Ecdyonurus) aurantiacus (Burmeister, 1839)

Distribution in Turkey. Erzurum (Kazancı 2009); listed from Turkey: Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Ecdyonurus (Ecdyonurus) autumnalis Braasch, 1980

Distribution in Turkey. Artvin (Kazancı 2001b); Artvin (Kazancı 2001a); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Comment. Larva not described.

Ecdyonurus (Ecdyonurus) dispar (Curtis, 1834)

Distribution in Turkey. Ankara (as Ecdyonurus fluminum Pictet, 1843; Geldiay 1949); Erzurum, Hakkari, Kars (Kazancı 2001b); Kütahya (Tanatmış 2002); Karabük, Zonguldak (Tanatmış 2004a); Kastamonu (Tanatmış 2004b); Balıkesir (Narin and Tanatmış 2004); Sinop (Ertorun and Tanatmış 2004); Bartın (Tanatmış and Ertorun 2006); Hakkari (Kazancı 2009); Manisa (Aydınlı and Ertorun 2015); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Ecdyonurus (Ecdyonurus) insignis (Eaton, 1870)

Distribution in Turkey. İstanbul, Kırklareli, Tekirdağ (Tanatmış 1997); Balıkesir, Kütahya (Tanatmış, 2000); Sivas (Kazancı 2001b); Kütahya (Tanatmış 2002); Bolu, Karabük, Zonguldak (Tanatmış 2004a); Kastamonu, Sinop (Tanatmış 2004b); Bartın (Tanatmış and Ertorun 2006); Düzce, Zonguldak (Tanatmış 2007); Bolu (Kazancı and Türkmen 2008a); Bolu (Kazancı and Türkmen 2008b); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Ecdyonurus (Ecdyonurus) macani Thomas & Sowa, 1970

Distribution in Turkey. Giresun (Türkmen and Kazancı 2015); listed from Turkey: Eastern Black Sea Basin (Türkmen and Kazancı 2013).

Comment. Occurrence of E. macani Thomas and Sowa in Turkey is probably doubtful and a re-examination of material would be advisable.

Ecdyonurus (Ecdyonurus) ornatipennis Tshernova, 1938

Distribution in Turkey. Muş (Braasch 1981); Amasya (Kazancı and Braasch 1988); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı (2001b); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Ecdyonurus (Ecdyonurus) russevi Braasch & Soldán, 1985

Distribution in Turkey. Balıkesir (Kazancı 2001b); listed from Turkey: Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Comment. First larval description (and redescription of imaginal stages) was given by Godunko et al. (2015).

Ecdyonurus (Ecdyonurus) submontanus Landa, 1969

Distribution in Turkey. Ardahan (Kazancı 2009); listed from Turkey: Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Comment. Occurrence of E. submontanus Landa in Turkey rather questionable, a re-examination of voucher specimens would be advisable.

Ecdyonurus (Ecdyonurus) starmachi Sowa, 1971

Distribution in Turkey. Bolu (Kazancı and Türkmen 2008a); Bolu (Kazancı and Türkmen 2008b); Giresun, Rize, (Türkmen and Kazancı 2015); listed from Turkey: Kazancı and Türkmen (2012); Eastern Black Sea Basin (Türkmen and Kazancı 2013).

Ecdyonurus (Ecdyonurus) venosus (Fabricius, 1775)

Distribution in Turkey. Bolu, Bursa, Eskişehir, Kütahya (Tanatmış 1995); Çanakkale, Kırklareli, Tekirdağ (Tanatmış 1997); Balıkesir (Tanatmış 2000); Ankara, Çankırı, Eskişehir, Konya (Kazancı 2001b); Ankara (Kazancı and Girgin 2008); Bolu (Kazancı and Türkmen 2008a); Bolu (Kazancı and Türkmen 2008b); Erzincan (Kazancı 2009); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Comment. Occurrence in Turkey rather doubtful, probably based on misidentification. A re-examination of voucher specimens would be advisable.

Subgenus Helvetoraeticus Bauernfeind & Soldán, 2012

Ecdyonurus (Helvetoraeticus) helveticus Eaton, 1883

Distribution in Turkey. Ankara, Bolu, Eskişehir (Kazancı 2001b); Bolu (Tanatmış 2004a); Düzce (Tanatmış 2007); Giresun, Rize (Türkmen and Kazancı 2015); Kütahya (Aydınlı and Ertorun 2015); listed from Turkey: Kazancı and Türkmen (2012); Eastern Black Sea Basin (Türkmen and Kazancı 2013).

Comment. Occurrence of the alpine taxon E. helveticus Eaton in Turkey is rather doubtful and most probably based on misidentification. A re-examination of material would be advisable.

Ecdyonurus (Helvetoraeticus) picteti (Meyer-Dür, 1864)

Distribution in Turkey. Giresun, Rize (Türkmen and Kazancı 2015); listed from Turkey: Eastern Black Sea Basin (Türkmen and Kazancı 2013).

Comment. Occurrence of the alpine taxon E. picteti (Meyer-Dür) in Turkey is rather doubtful and most probably based on misidentification. A re-examination of material would be advisable.

Genus Electrogena Zurwerra & Tomka, 1985

Electrogena affinis (Eaton, 1883)

Distribution in Turkey. Balıkesir (Türkmen and Özkan 2011); Giresun, Rize, Trabzon (Türkmen and Kazancı 2015); listed for Turkey: Eastern Black Sea Basin (Türkmen and Kazancı 2013).

Electrogena anatolica (Kazanci & Braasch, 1986)

Type country and locality. Turkey, Ardahan (Kazancı and Braasch 1986).

Distribution in Turkey. Ankara, Ardahan, Bingöl, Bolu, Kars (as Ecdyonurus anatolicus; Kazancı and Braasch 1986); Ankara, Ardahan, Erzurum, Hakkari (Kazancı 1990b); Ardahan, Kars (Kazancı 2001a); Kars (Kazancı 2009); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı (2001b); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Note. Endemic to Turkey.

Comment. Larva not described.

Electrogena antalyensis (Braasch & Kazanci in Kazancı & Braasch, 1986)

Type country and locality. Turkey, Burçak Village (the type locality is located in the province of Ankara) (Kazancı and Braasch 1986).

Material. Samsun, Sahinkaya, male imago, 6.6.1992, Malicky leg., 40°11'N, 25°46'E (NMW).

Distribution in Turkey. Ankara, Antalya, Çorum, Yozgat (as Ecdyonurus antalyensis; Kazancı and Braasch 1986); Ankara, Bolu (Kazancı 1990b); Ankara, Antalya, Eskişehir, Kütahya (Belfiore et al. 2000); Kırklareli (Kazancı 2001b); Kütahya (Tanatmış 2002); Bolu (Tanatmış 2004a); Manisa (Aydınlı and Ertorun 2015); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Comment. For description of larva (and redescription of imaginal stages) see Belfiore et al. (2000).

Electrogena boluensis Kazanci, 1990b

Type country and locality. Turkey, Bolu-Gerede road, 10 km to Gerede (the type locality is located in the province of Bolu) (Kazancı 1990b).

Distribution in Turkey. Bolu (Kazancı 1990b); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı (2001b); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Note. Endemic to Turkey.

Comment. Larva not described.

Electrogena dirmil Kazanci, 1990b

Type country and locality. Turkey, Dirmil Pass (the type locality is located in the district of Fethiye, the province of Muğla) (Kazancı 1990b).

Distribution in Turkey. Muğla (Kazancı 1990b); Muğla (Kazancı et al. 1992); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı (2001b); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Note. Endemic to Turkey.

Comment. Larva not described.

Electrogena hakkarica (Kazanci, 1986b)

Type country and locality. Turkey, Güzereş Köyü (Güzereş Köyü is a village and is located in the district of Çukurca, the province of Hakkari) (Kazancı 1986b).

Distribution in Turkey. Hakkari (as Ecdyonurus hakkaricus; Kazancı 1986b); Rize (Kazancı 2001b); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Note. Endemic to Turkey.

Comment. Larva not described.

Electrogena lateralis (Curtis, 1834)

Distribution in Turkey. Ankara (as Ecdyonurus lateralis; Kazancı 1985a); Ankara, Bilecik, Bolu, Eskişehir, Kütahya (Tanatmış 1995); İstanbul, Kırklareli, Tekirdağ (Tanatmış 1997); Balıkesir, Bursa (Tanatmış 2000); Çorum, Yozgat (Kazancı 2001b); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Electrogena monticola (Braasch, 1980)

Distribution in Turkey. Tunceli (Kazancı 1990b); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı (2001b); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Comment. Originally as Ecdyonurus monticolus. Larva not described.

Electrogena necatii (Kazanci, 1987a)

Type country and locality. Turkey, Akyarma Pass (Akyarma Geçidi is a pass and is located between Bolu-Ankara Road; Kazancı 1987a).

Distribution in Turkey. Ankara, Bolu (as Ecdyonurus necatii; Kazancı 1987a); Ankara (Kazancı and Girgin 2008); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı (2001b); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Note. Endemic to Turkey

Comment. Larva not described.

Electrogena pseudaffinis (Braasch, 1980)

Distribution in Turkey. Trabzon (as Ecdyonurus pseudaffinis; Kazancı and Braasch 1988); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı (2001b); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Electrogena quadrilineata (Landa, 1969)

Distribution in Turkey. Giresun, Rize, Trabzon (Türkmen and Kazancı 2015); listed from Turkey: eastern Black Sea Basin (Türkmen and Kazancı 2013).

Comment. Electrogena quadrilineata has so far only been recorded from a few localities in Central Europe and occurrence in Turkey is rather questionable. For confusing taxa see Bauernfeind and Soldán (2012), a redescription from type material has been provided by Kłonowska-Olejnik (2004).

Electrogena ressli (Braasch, 1981)

Type country and locality. Turkey, Van Gölü (the type locality is located in the province of Muş) (Braasch 1981).

Distribution in Turkey. Muş (as Ecdyonurus ressli; Braasch 1981); Erzincan, Erzurum, Muş, Tunceli (Kazancı 2009); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı (2001b); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Comment. Larva not described.

Genus Afronurus Lestage, 1924

Afronurus kugleri Demoulin, 1973

Material. Yalova, brook I Köseler, Koruköy, male subimago, 30.5.1992, H. Malicky leg., 38°50'N, / 27°14'E (NMW).

Distribution in Turkey. Hatay (Koch 1988); Ankara, Bingöl, Bolu, Elazığ, Muş (Kazancı and Braasch 1988); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı (2001b); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Comment. Taxonomic position of palaearctic representatives of Afronurus (A. kugleri, A. madli and A. zebratus) remains uncertain and rather provisional (included in Electrogena by Kluge 2004, Phyl. Syst. Eph., 184), not considered in Webb and McCafferty 2008 (Can. J. Arthropod Identif. 7: 2-3). For generic placement in a new genus see Yanai et al. (2016).

Afronurus madli Kazanci, 1992

Type country and locality. Turkey, Karacadağ (the type locality is located in the province of Diyarbakır) (Kazancı 1992).

Distribution in Turkey. Diyarbakır (Kazancı 1992); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı (2001b); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Comment. Larva not described. Taxonomic position of palaearctic representatives of Afronurus (A. kugleri, A. madli and A. zebratus) remains uncertain and rather provisional (included in Electrogena by Kluge 2004, Phyl. Syst. Eph., 184), not considered in Webb and McCafferty 2008 (Can. J. Arthropod Identif. 7: 2–3). For generic placement see Yanai et al. (2016).

Note. Endemic to Turkey.

Genus Epeorus Eaton, 1881

Subgenus Caucasiron Kluge, 1997

Epeorus (Caucasiron) alpestris (Braasch, 1979)

Distribution in Turkey. Artvin, Kars (as Iron alpestris; Kazancı 1986a); Artvin, Kars (as Iron alpestris; Kazancı 2001a); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı (2001b); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Comment. Taxonomy follows Kluge (1997a). Webb and McCafferty (2008, Can. J. Arthropod Ident. 7: 1-55) did not recognize subgenera or species-groups within Epeorus.

Epeorus (Caucasiron) caucasicus (Tshernova, 1938)

Distribution in Turkey. Van (as Iron caucasicus; Braasch 1981); Artvin, Erzincan, Erzurum (Kazancı 1986a); Adıyaman (as Iron caucasicus; Koch 1988); Artvin, Erzincan, Erzurum (Kazancı 2001a); Erzincan, Erzurum, Hakkari, Tunceli (Kazancı 2009); Giresun, Gümüşhane, Rize, Trabzon (Türkmen and Kazancı 2015); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı (2001b); Kazancı and Türkmen 2012); Eastern Black Sea Basin (Türkmen and Kazancı 2013).

Comment. Taxonomy follows Kluge (1997a). Cinygma caucasica Tshernova, 1938 has been designated type species of the subgenus Caucasiron Kluge, 1997.

Epeorus (Caucasiron) fuscus (Sinitshenkova, 1976)

Distribution in Turkey. Erzincan (Kazancı 2009).

Epeorus (Caucasiron) longimaculatus (Braasch, 1980)

Distribution in Turkey. Bursa (as Iron longimaculatus; Kazancı and Braasch 1988); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı (2001b); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Epeorus (Caucasiron) magnus (Braasch, 1978)

Distribution in Turkey. Rize (as Iron magnus; Kazancı 2009); listed from Turkey: Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Epeorus (Caucasiron) nigripilosus (Sinitshenkova, 1976)

Distribution in Turkey. Hakkari (as Iron nigripilosus; Kazancı 2001b); Erzincan, Şırnak (Kazancı 2009); listed from Turkey: Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Epeorus (Caucasiron) znojkoi (Tshernova, 1938 [sub Iron znojkoi])

Distribution in Turkey. Van (as Iron znojkoi; Braasch, 1981); Giresun, Rize, Trabzon (Türkmen and Kazancı 2015); listed from Turkey: Eastern Black Sea Basin (Türkmen and Kazancı 2013).

Comment. Not to be confused with Ecdyonurus znojkoi Tshernova, 1938 (presently placed in Rhithrogena). For the generic placement see Kluge (1997a: 233). Epeorus znojkoisensuBraasch (1978; larva) nec Tshernova (1938) represents in fact Epeorus zaitzevi Tshernova, 1981 (see Sartori 1992).

Subgenus Epeorus Eaton, 1881

Epeorus (Epeorus) assimilis Eaton, 1885

Distribution in Turkey. Kırklareli (as Epeorus sylvicola; Tanatmış 1997); Ankara (sub Epeorus sylvicola; Kazancı 2001b); Ankara (as Epeorus sylvicola; Kazancı and Girgin 2008); Giresun, Gümüşhane, Rize, Trabzon (as Epeorus sylvicola; Türkmen and Kazancı 2015); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012); Eastern Black Sea Basin (Türkmen and Kazancı 2013).

Comment. Frequently considered a junior subjective synonym of Epeorus (Epeorus) sylvicola (Pictet, 1865), but see Thomas et al. (1999: 85).

Epeorus (Epeorus) zaitzevi Tshernova, 1981

Distribution in Turkey. Şanlıurfa (as Epeorus zaitcevi [injustified emendation (see Sartori 1992)]; Koch 1988); Ardahan, Bayburt, Erzurum, Hakkari (as Epeorus zaitcevi [injustified emendation (see Sartori 1992)]; Kazancı and Braasch 1988); Erzurum, Hakkari, Kars, Şırnak, Tunceli (Kazancı 2009); Giresun, Gümüşhane (Türkmen and Kazancı 2015); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı (2001b); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012); Eastern Black Sea Basin (Türkmen and Kazancı 2013).

Comment. Larval characters of Epeorus znojkoisensuBraasch (1978) refer in fact to Epeorus (Epeorus) zaitzevi Tshernova, 1981 (see Sartori 1992).

Subgenus Ironopsis Traver, 1935

Epeorus (Ironopsis) alpicola (Eaton, 1871)

Distribution in Turkey. Bursa, Eskişehir, Kütahya (Tanatmış 1995); Kütahya (Tanatmış 2000); Kütahya (Tanatmış 2002); Sinop (Ertorun and Tanatmış 2004); Giresun, Rize, Trabzon (Türkmen and Kazancı 2015); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı (2001b); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012); Eastern Black Sea Basin (Türkmen and Kazancı 2013).

Comment. Taxonomy follows Kluge (1997a). Braasch (2006) proposed the new subgenus Alpiron Braasch for the European representatives of the subgenus Ironopsis Traver. Occurrence in Turkey somewhat doubtful, a re-examination of voucher specimens would be advisable.

Genus Rhithrogena Eaton, 1881

Rhithrogena amseli (Demoulin, 1964) [sub Epeiron]

Distribution in Turkey. Hakkari, Muş (Kazancı 2009); listed from Turkey: Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Comment. By most authors Epeiron Demoulin is currently considered to represent a junior synonym of Rhithrogena Eaton [cf. Kluge (1988: 304)]. Recently Kluge (2004: 195) reconsidered the generic status of Epeiron. Wang and McCafferty (2004) placed the taxon in the genus Cinygmula Mcdunnough, 1933. Occurrence in Turkey rather questionable, a re-examination of voucher specimens would be desirable.

Rhithrogena anatolica Kazancı, 1985b

Type country and locality. Turkey, Kızılırmak River in Kırıkkale Province (Kazancı 1985b).

Distribution in Turkey. Erzurum, Kırıkkale, Siirt, Sivas (Kazancı 1985b); Erzurum (Kazancı 2001a); Ankara (Kazancı 2001b); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Note. Endemic to Turkey.

Comment. Larva not described. Placed in Epeiron Demoulin 1964 by Kluge (2004).

Rhithrogena beskidensis Alba-Tercedor & Sowa, 1987

Distribution in Turkey. Rize (Türkmen and Kazancı 2015); listed from Turkey: Eastern Black Sea Basin (Türkmen and Kazancı 2013).

Comment. So far considered to represent rather a west Palaearctic taxon, distribution on the Balkans and in Turkey probably questionable (Bauernfeind and Soldán 2012: 336).

Rhithrogena braaschi Jacob, 1974

Material. Elazığ, Soğukpınar, E-Anatolia, male imago, female imago, 4.6.1992, H. Malicky leg., 38°25'N, / 39°15'E (NMW).

Distribution in Turkey. Bolu (Kazancı and Braasch 1988); Bolu (Tanatmış 2004a); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı (2001b); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Rhithrogena caucasica Braasch, 1979

Distribution in Turkey. Hakkari (Kazancı and Braasch 1988); Erzincan, Erzurum (Kazancı 2001a); Bingöl (Kazancı 2009); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı (2001b); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Rhithrogena expectata Braasch, 1979

Distribution in Turkey. Erzurum (Kazancı and Braasch 1988); Erzurum (Kazancı 2001a); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı (2001b); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Rhithrogena germanica Eaton, 1885

Distribution in Turkey. Giresun, Rize, Trabzon (Türkmen and Kazancı 2015); listed from Turkey: Eastern Black Sea Basin (Türkmen and Kazancı, 2013).

Comment. Larvae are very difficult to separate from several representatives of the R. semicolorata species-group and occurrence in Turkey probably doubtful (Bauernfeind and Soldán 2012: 344).

Rhithrogena iranica Braasch, 1983

Distribution in Turkey. Muş (Kazancı and Braasch 1988); Erzurum (Kazancı 2001a); Van (Kazancı 2009); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı (2001b); Kazancı and Türkmen, 2012).

Comment. Larva not described.

Rhithrogena iridina kownackorum Sowa & Zimmermann, 1975

Distribution in Turkey. Gümüşhane (Kazancı and Braasch 1988); Erzincan, Kars (Kazancı 2009); Giresun, Rize, Trabzon (as Rhithrogena iridina; Türkmen and Kazancı 2015); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı (2001b); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012); Eastern Black Sea Basin (Türkmen and Kazancı, 2013).

Comment. Larvae are very difficult to separate from several representatives of the R. semicolorata species-group.

Rhithrogena loyolaea Navás, 1922

Distribution in Turkey. Artvin (Kazancı 1985a); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı (2001b); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Comment. So far considered to represent a west-central Palaearctic taxon, distribution on the Balkans and in Turkey probably questionable (Bauernfeind and Soldán 2012: 368). For taxonomic characters see Kłonowska-Olejnik and Godunko (2003).

Rhithrogena pontica Sowa, Soldán & Kazanci, 1986

Type country and locality. Turkey, stream 30 km south of Tortum (the type locality is located in the district of Tortum, the province of Erzurum) (Sowa et al. 1986).

Distribution in Turkey. Erzurum (Sowa et al. 1986); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı (2001b); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Note. Endemic to Turkey.

Comment. Larva not described.

Rhithrogena potamalis Braasch, 1979

Distribution in Turkey. Kahramanmaraş (Kazancı 1986a); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı (2001b); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Comment. Imago not described.

Rhithrogena puytoraci Sowa & Degrange, 1987

Distribution in Turkey. Giresun, Rize, Trabzon (Türkmen and Kazancı 2015); listed from Turkey: Eastern Black Sea Basin (Türkmen and Kazancı 2013).

Comment. So far considered to represent rather a central Palaearctic taxon, distribution in Turkey is probably questionable (Bauernfeind and Soldán 2012: 378).

Rhithrogena semicolorata (Curtis, 1834)

Distribution in Turkey. Bayburt, Çankırı (Kazancı 1985a); Bilecik, Bursa, Eskişehir (Tanatmış 1995); Kırklareli, Tekirdağ (Tanatmış 1997); Giresun, Rize, Trabzon (Türkmen and Kazancı 2015); Kütahya (Aydınlı and Ertorun 2015); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı (2001b); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012); Eastern Black Sea Basin (Türkmen and Kazancı 2013).

Rhithrogena sublineata Kazanci & Braasch, 1988

Type country and locality. Turkey, Otluca (Otluca is a village and is located in the province of Hakkari) (Kazancı and Braasch 1988).

Distribution in Turkey. Hakkari (Kazancı and Braasch 1988); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı (2001b); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Note. Endemic to Turkey.

Comment. The taxon was described from a male subimago, larvae and imagines not known so far and generic placement doubtful.

Rhithrogena tibialis (Ulmer, 1920)

Type country and locality. Turkey, Brussa [i.e. immediate surroundings of the city of Bursa (Mann 1864: 173)].

Distribution in Turkey. Bursa (as Cinygma tibiale; Ulmer 1920); Bursa (Tshernova and Belov 1982); Bolu, Erzurum, Hakkari (Kazancı and Braasch 1988); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı (2001b); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Note. Endemic to Turkey.

Comment. Generic placement is not clear, placed in genus Epeiron Demoulin, 1964 by Kluge (2004). The ‘paratype‘ in Museum Hamburg discussed by Tshernova and Belov (1982) represents in fact a syntype, two other syntypes in Natural History Museum Vienna. Larva is not known. The collector Josef Johann Mann (1804-1889) worked since 1837 in the k. k. Zoologisches Hofkabinett in Vienna.

Rhithrogena theischingeri Braasch, 1981

Type country and locality. Turkey, Van Gölü (the type locality is the located in the district of the Tatvan, the province of Van) (Braasch 1981).

Distribution in Turkey. Van (Braasch 1981); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı (2001b); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Note. Endemic to Turkey.

Comment. Larva not described.

Rhithrogena zelinkai Sowa & Soldán, 1984

Distribution in Turkey. Giresun, Rize, Trabzon (Türkmen and Kazancı 2015); listed from Turkey: Eastern Black Sea Basin (Türkmen and Kazancı, 2013).

Comment. So far considered to represent a central Palaearctic taxon, distribution in Turkey is probably questionable (Bauernfeind and Soldán 2012: 378). Imago was not described, for a detailed redescription of larva see Kłonowska-Olejnik and Godunko (2003).

Rhithrogena znojkoi (Tshernova, 1938) [sub Ecdyonurus ? znojkoi]

Distribution in Turkey. Erzurum (as Epeiron znojkoi; Braasch 1983b); Ardahan, Bayburt, Hakkari (as Epeiron znojkoi; Kazancı 1985a); Hatay (as Rhithrogena znojkoi; Koch 1988); Antalya, Ankara, Artvin, Bingöl, Erzincan, İçel, Kahramanmaraş, Tunceli (as Rhithrogena znojkoi; Kazancı and Braasch 1988); Erzincan, Hakkari, Şırnak (Kazancı 2009); listed from Turkey: Kazancı (2001b); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Comment. Not to be confused with Iron znojkoi Tshernova, 1938 (presently placed in Epeorus). For the generic placement and redescriptions see Thomas and Dia (1982: 297) and Sartori and Sowa (1992: 32).

Genus Heptagenia Walsh, 1862

Subgenus Dacnogenia Kluge, 1988

Heptagenia (Dacnogenia) coerulans Rostock, 1878

Distribution in Turkey. Ankara (Kazancı 1986a); Şanlıurfa (Koch 1988); Balıkesir (Tanatmış 2000); Erzincan, Erzurum (Kazancı 2001a); Aydın, Çankırı, Yozgat (Kazancı 2001b); Balıkesir, Bursa (Tanatmış 2002); Balıkesir (Tanatmış 2005); Hakkari (Kazancı 2009); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Comment. Dacnogenia Kluge, 1988 (originally proposed as a subgenus of Heptagenia) is considered of generic rank by various authors.

Heptagenia (Dacnogenia) coerulans micracantha Kluge, 1989

Distribution in Turkey. Zonguldak (as Heptagenia coerulans; Tanatmış 2004a); Karabük, Zonguldak (Tanatmış 2005); listed from Turkey: Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Subgenus Heptagenia Walsh, 1862

Heptagenia (Heptagenia) longicauda (Stephens, 1836)

Distribution in Turkey. Eskişehir (Kazancı 1986a); Balıkesir (Tanatmış 2000); Ankara (Kazancı 2001b); Balıkesir, Bursa, Kütahya (Tanatmış 2002); Bolu, Karabük, Zonguldak (Tanatmış 2004a); Çanakkale (Narin and Tanatmış 2004); Sinop (Ertorun and Tanatmış 2004); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Heptagenia (Heptagenia) perflava Brodsky, 1930

Distribution in Turkey. Siirt (Kazancı 2009); listed from Turkey: Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Comment. Sometimes placed in the genus Sigmoneuria Demoulin, 1964, considered to represent a junior subjectiv synonym of Sigmoneuria amseli Demoulin, 1964 (see Kluge 1997b: 176). Sometimes confused with Heptagenia samochai Demoulin, 1973.

Heptagenia (Heptagenia) sulphurea (O.F. Müller, 1776)

Distribution in Turkey. Eskişehir (Tanatmış 1995); Ankara, Muğla (Kazancı 2001b); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999), Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Genus Thalerosphyrus Eaton, 1881

Thalerosphyrus determinatus (Walker, 1853)

Distribution in Turkey. Ankara (as Thalerosphyrus (?); Demoulin 1965); Elazığ (Berker 1981); listed from Turkey: Kazancı (2001b), Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Comment. Usually considered to represent an exclusively Oriental taxon, occurrence in Turkey is rather unlikely. Association of imaginal stages are somewhat doubtful, for a redescription of larvae see Sartori (2014). A careful re-evaluation of Turkish records based on a re-examination of voucher specimens seems necessary.

Family LEPTOPHLEBIIDAE Banks, 1900

Genus Calliarcys Eaton, 1881

Calliarcys van Godunko & Bauernfeind in Godunko, Sroka, Soldán & Bojková, 2015

Type country and locality. Turkey, Bitlis Province, Kavuşşahap Dağları mountain range, Pınarca Çayı [river] and its small unnamed right tributary above Kuşlu village, 38°22'32"N, 42°15'31"E, 1720 m a.s.l., about 20 km S of Tatvan town (western shore of the Van Lake) (Godunko et al. 2015).

Distribution in Turkey. Bitlis, İzmir (Godunko et al. 2015).

Note. Endemic to Turkey.

Genus Choroterpes Eaton, 1881

Subgenus Choroterpes Eaton, 1881

Comment. Frequently considered of generic rank (Kluge 2004; Barber-James et al. 2013).

Choroterpes (Choroterpes) picteti Eaton, 1871

Distribution in Turkey. Ankara, Bingöl (Kazancı 1985a); Diyarbakır (Koch 1985); İstanbul (Tanatmış 1997); Balıkesir, Kütahya (Tanatmış 2000); Balıkesir, Bursa (Tanatmış 2002); Zonguldak (Tanatmış 2004a); Kastamonu, Sinop (Tanatmış 2004b); Balıkesir, Çanakkale (Narin and Tanatmış 2004); Sinop (Ertorun and Tanatmış 2004); Bartın (Tanatmış and Ertorun 2006); Düzce, Zonguldak (Tanatmış 2007); Ankara (Kazancı and Girgin 2008); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı (2001b); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Subgenus Euthraulus Barnard, 1932

Comment. Frequently considered of generic rank (Kluge 2004; Barber-James et al. 2013).

Choroterpes (Euthraulus) balcanica (Ikonomov, 1961)

Distribution in Turkey. Trakya (Kazancı 2001b); listed from Turkey: Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Comment. Imago not described.

Genus Paraleptophlebia Lestage, 1917

Comment. Sometimes considered to represent a subgenus of Leptophlebia (see Kluge 1997a).

Paraleptophlebia submarginata (Stephens, 1836)

Distribution in Turkey. Erzincan (Kazancı 1986a); Eskişehir (Tanatmış 1995); Kırklareli (Tanatmış 1997); Balıkesir, Kütahya (Tanatmış 2000); Erzurum (Kazancı 2001a); Eskişehir, Muğla (Kazancı 2001b); Kütahya (Tanatmış 2002); Bolu, Kastamonu (Tanatmış 2004a); Kastamonu (Tanatmış 2004b); Bolu (Kazancı and Türkmen 2008a); Bolu (Kazancı and Türkmen 2008b); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Paraleptophlebia cincta (Retzius, 1783)

Material. İzmir, Kamberler, male subimago, female subimago, 21.5.1992, H. Malicky leg., 38°21'N, / 27°36'E (NMW).

Distribution in Turkey. Bolu (Kazancı and Türkmen 2008a); Bolu (Kazancı and Türkmen 2008b); listed from Turkey: Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Paraleptophlebia werneri Ulmer, 1920

Distribution in Turkey. Edirne, İstanbul, Kırklareli, Tekirdağ (Tanatmış 1997); Eskişehir (Kazancı 2001b); Zonguldak (Tanatmış 2004a); Kastamonu (Tanatmış 2004b); Sinop (Ertorun and Tanatmış 2004); Sinop (Tanatmış and Ertorun 2008); Bolu (Kazancı and Türkmen 2008a); Bolu (Kazancı and Türkmen 2008b); Kütahya (Aydınlı and Ertorun 2015); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Genus Habroleptoides Schoenemund, 1929

Habroleptoides caucasica Tshernova, 1931

Distribution in Turkey. Bolu (Kazancı 2001b); listed from Turkey: Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Comment. Larvae is rather similar to Habroleptoides pontica Kluge, 1994 and other related taxa.

Habroleptoides confusa Sartori & Jacob, 1986

Distribution in Turkey. Bolu, Çankırı (as Habroleptoides modesta Hagen, 1864; Kazancı 1985a); Tekirdağ (Tanatmış 1997); Balıkesir (Tanatmış 2000); Kütahya (as Habroleptoides confuse; Tanatmış 2002); Bolu, Kastamonu (Tanatmış 2004a); Kastamonu, Sinop (Tanatmış 2004b); Bartın (Tanatmış and Ertorun 2006); Zonguldak (Tanatmış 2007); Sinop (Tanatmış and Ertorun 2008); Konya (Özyurt and Tanatmış 2011); Giresun, Rize, Trabzon (as Habroleptoides confuse; Türkmen and Kazancı 2015); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı (2001b); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012); Eastern Black Sea Basin (Türkmen and Kazancı 2013).

Comment. Prior to the paper by Sartori and Jacob (1986) authors had confused Habroleptoides modesta Hagen, 1864 [endemic to Corsica and Sardinia] with central European taxa.

Habroleptoides kavron Kazancı & Türkmen, 2011

Type country and locality. Turkey The stream that is inflowing Büyük Deniz Lake (the type locality is located in the Kaçkar Mountains, Upper Kavron Highland, the province of Rize) (Kazancı and Türkmen 2011).

Distribution in Turkey. Rize (Kazancı and Türkmen 2011); listed from Turkey: Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Note. Endemic to Turkey.

Comment. Larva not described. Imagines very similar to Habroleptoides confusa Sartori and Jacob, 1986 and other related taxa, hardly separable without doubt.

Habroleptoides umbratilis Eaton, 1884

Distribution in Turkey. Bursa, Eskişehir, Kütahya (Tanatmış 1995); listed from Turkey: (Tanatmış 1999); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Comment. Larva is similar to Habroleptoides confusa and related taxa; discriminating characters provided by Biancheri (1957) most probably insufficient for reliable separation.

Genus Habrophlebia Eaton, 1881

Habrophlebia fusca (Curtis, 1834)

Distribution in Turkey. Antalya, İçel (Puthz 1972); Artvin, Elazığ (Kazancı 1985a); İstanbul, Kırklareli (Tanatmış 1997); Artvin (Kazancı 2001a); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı (2001b); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Comment. Occurrence in Turkey is rather questionable, probably based on misidentification or confused with mediterranean Habrophlebia eldae Jacob and Sartori, 1984.

Habrophlebia lauta Eaton, 1884

Distribution in Turkey. Ankara, Bolu, Giresun, Trabzon (Kazancı 1985a); Bursa, Eskişehir (Tanatmış 1995); İstanbul, Kırklareli, Tekirdağ (Tanatmış 1997); Kütahya (Tanatmış 2000); Çankırı (Kazancı 2001b); Bursa, Kütahya (Tanatmış 2002); Bolu, Kastamonu, Karabük, Zonguldak (Tanatmış 2004a); Kastamonu, Sinop (Tanatmış 2004b); Balıkesir (Narin and Tanatmış 2004); Sinop (Ertorun and Tanatmış 2004); Bartın (Tanatmış and Ertorun 2006); Düzce, Zonguldak (Tanatmış 2007); Bolu (Kazancı and Türkmen 2008a); Bolu (Kazancı and Türkmen 2008b); Sinop (Tanatmış and Ertorun 2008); Balıkesir (Türkmen and Özkan 2011); Afyon (Özyurt and Tanatmış 2011); Kütahya, Manisa (Aydınlı and Ertorun 2015); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Genus Thraulus Eaton, 1881

Thraulus bellus Eaton, 1881

Distribution in Turkey. Sinop (Tanatmış 2004b); listed from Turkey: Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Comment. Occurrence in Turkey is rather questionable, probably based on misidentification (confusion with T. thraker).

Thraulus thraker Jacob, 1988

First record from Turkey. Material. Yalova, rivulet I Köseler, Koruköy, ♀SI, 38°50'N, 27°10'E, 200 m a.s.l., 30.5.1992, H. Malicky leg. (NMW).

Comment. Larva is not described. Imagines are rather similar to T. bellus Eaton, but easily separable by colouration of extreme wing roots (sooty black) and egg chorionic structures (figured in Bauernfeind and Soldán 2012).

Family EPHEMERIDAE Latreille, 1810

Genus Ephemera Linnaeus, 1758

Ephemera danica Müller, 1764

Distribution in Turkey. Bolu (Kazancı 1984); Bursa, Eskişehir, Kütahya (Tanatmış 1995); İstanbul, Kırklareli (Tanatmış 1997); Kütahya (Tanatmış 2000); Ankara, Balıkesir, Bolu (Kazancı 2001b); Kütahya (Tanatmış 2002); Bolu (Tanatmış 2004a); Kastamonu (Tanatmış 2004b); Zonguldak (Tanatmış 2007); Ankara (Kazancı and Girgin 2008); Bolu (Kazancı and Türkmen 2008a); Bolu (Kazancı and Türkmen 2008b); Sinop (Tanatmış and Ertorun 2008); Balıkesir (Türkmen and Özkan 2011); Afyon, Konya (Özyurt and Tanatmış 2011); Giresun (Türkmen and Kazancı 2015); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012); Eastern Black Sea Basin (Türkmen and Kazancı 2013).

Ephemera glaucops Pictet, 1843

Distribution in Turkey. Eskişehir (Kazancı 2001b); listed from Turkey: Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Comment. Frequently placed in subgenus Sinephemera Kluge, 2004 which is especially well characterized in male imagines (shape of titillator).

Ephemera lineata Eaton, 1870

Distribution in Turkey. Bolu (Kazancı 2001b); listed from Turkey: Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Ephemera romantzovi Kluge, 1988

First record from Turkey. Material. İzmir, Kozak, W Anatolia, 39°17'N, 26°59'E, 250 m a.s.l., female imago, 31.5.1992, Malicky and Sipahiler leg., (NMW).

Ephemera vulgata Linnaeus, 1758

Distribution in Turkey. Muş (Braasch 1981); Bolu, Eskişehir (Kazancı 1984); Bolu, Bursa, Eskişehir, Kütahya (Tanatmış 1995); Balıkesir (Tanatmış 2000); Erzurum, Kars (Kazancı 2001a); Bolu, Denizli, Eskişehir (Kazancı 2001b); Bolu, Karabük, Zonguldak (Tanatmış 2004a); Kastamonu, Sinop (Tanatmış 2004b); Sinop (Ertorun and Tanatmış, 2004); Bartın (Tanatmış and Ertorun 2006); Düzce, Zonguldak (Tanatmış 2007); Bolu (Kazancı and Türkmen 2008a); Bolu (Kazancı and Türkmen 2008b); Hakkari, Kars (Kazancı 2009); Malatya (Aydınlı 2013); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Ephemera zettana Kimmins, 1937

Distribution in Turkey. Kütahya (Kazancı 1986a); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı (2001b); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Family PALINGENIIDAE Albarda in Selys-Longchamps, 1888

Genus Palingenia Burmeister, 1839

Palingenia anatolica Jacob, 1977

Type country and locality. Turkey, immediate vicinity of Silifke, Göksu River (the type locality is located in the district of Silifke, the province of İçel) (Jacob 1977).

Distribution in Turkey. İçel (Jacob 1977); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı (2001b); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Note. Endemic to Turkey.

Comment. Larva is not described.

Family POLYMITARCYIDAE Banks, 1900

Genus Ephoron Williamson, 1802

Ephoron virgo (Olivier, 1791)

Distribution in Turkey. Bingöl (Kazancı 1984); Balıkesir, Bursa (Tanatmış 2000); Erzurum (Kazancı 2001a); Ankara (Kazancı 2001b); Balıkesir (Tanatmış 2002); Bolu, Karabük, Zonguldak (Tanatmış 2004a); Çanakkale (Narin and Tanatmış 2004); Sakarya (Kazancı 2013); Ardahan (Kazancı and Türkmen 2015); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Family POTAMANTHIDAE Albarda in Selys-Longchamps, 1888

Genus Potamanthus Pictet, 1843

Potamanthus luteus (Linné, 1767)

Distribution in Turkey. Ankara, Bolu, Çankırı (Kazancı 1984); Ankara, Bolu, Bursa, Eskişehir, Kütahya (Tanatmış 1995); Edirne (Tanatmış 1997); Balıkesir, Bursa (Tanatmış 2000); Erzincan, Erzurum (Kazancı 2001a); Ankara, Aydın, Bolu, Çankırı, Denizli, Muğla (Kazancı 2001b); Balıkesir, Bursa, Kütahya (Tanatmış 2002); Bolu, Karabük, Zonguldak (Tanatmış 2004a); Kastamonu, Sinop (Tanatmış 2004b); Sinop (Ertorun and Tanatmış 2004); Bartın (Tanatmış and Ertorun 2006); Düzce, Zonguldak (Tanatmış 2007); Ankara (Kazancı and Girgin 2008); Bolu (Kazancı and Türkmen 2008a); Bolu (Kazancı and Türkmen 2008b); Sinop (Tanatmış and Ertorun 2008); Erzurum, Kars (Kazancı 2009); Malatya (Aydınlı 2013); Giresun (Türkmen and Kazancı 2015); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012); Eastern Black Sea Basin (Türkmen and Kazancı 2013).

Family EPHEMERELLIDAE Klapálek, 1909

Genus Ephemerella Walsh, 1862

Ephemerella mucronata (Bengtsson, 1909)

Distribution in Turkey. Sivas (Kazancı 2001b); listed from Turkey: Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Ephemerella notata Eaton, 1887

Distribution in Turkey. Ankara, Bolu, Muğla (Kazancı 2001b); Tokat (Kazancı et al. 2012); listed from Turkey: Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Ephemerella ignita (Poda, 1761)

Distribution in Turkey. Antalya, İzmir (Puthz 1972); Bolu (Braasch 1981); Ankara, Ardahan, Bingöl, Bolu, Erzincan, Erzurum, Kars, Muş, Sivas, Tunceli, Van (Kazancı 1984); Şanlıurfa (Koch 1988); Bilecik, Bolu, Bursa, Eskişehir, Kütahya (Tanatmış 1995); Çanakkale, İstanbul, Kırklareli Tekirdağ (Tanatmış 1997); Balıkesir, Kütahya (Tanatmış 2000); Erzincan, Erzurum (Kazancı 2001a); Aydın, Bilecik, Muğla (Kazancı 2001b); Balıkesir, Bursa, Kütahya (Tanatmış 2002); Konya (Kazancı et al. 2003); Bolu, Kastamonu, Karabük, Zonguldak (Tanatmış 2004a); Kastamonu, Sinop (Tanatmış 2004b); Balıkesir, Çanakkale (Narin and Tanatmış 2004); Sinop (Ertorun and Tanatmış 2004); Bartın (Tanatmış and Ertorun 2006); Düzce, Zonguldak (Tanatmış 2007); Ankara (Kazancı and Girgin 2008); Sinop (Tanatmış and Ertorun 2008); Bolu (Kazancı and Türkmen 2008b); Afyon (Özyurt and Tanatmış 2011); Malatya (Aydınlı 2013); Giresun, Rize, (Türkmen and Kazancı 2015); Kütahya, Manisa, Uşak (Aydınlı and Ertorun 2015); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı (2001b); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012); Eastern Black Sea Basin (Türkmen and Kazancı 2013).

Comment. Placed in Serratella Edmunds, 1959 by some authors (e.g. Jacobus and McCafferty 2008) but generic concept for Serratella is in discussion.

Ephemerella mesoleuca (Brauer, 1857)

Distribution in Turkey. Karabük (Tanatmış 2004a); listed from Turkey: Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Comment. Placed in Teloganopsis Ulmer, 1939 by Jacobus and McCafferty (2008) and Kluge (2004), but their concepts for Teloganopsis differ considerably (e.g., sensu Kluge restricted to the Oriental realm).

Genus Drunella Needham, 1905

Drunella karia Kazanci, 1990

Type country and locality. Turkey, Çırpı Köyü (Çırpı Köyü is a village and is located in the province of Muğla (Kazancı 1990a).

Distribution in Turkey. Muğla (Kazancı 1990a); Antalya, Muğla (Kazancı 1991); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı (2001b); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Note. Endemic to Turkey.

Comment. Placed in Serratella Edmunds, 1959 by some authors (e.g. Jacobus and McCafferty 2008) but generic concept for Serratella in discussion.

Drunella euphratica Kazanci, 1987

Type country and locality. Turkey, Yuva Köyü (Yuva Köyü is a village and is located in the district of Kemaliye, the province of Erzincan) (Kazancı 1987b).

Distribution in Turkey. Erzincan, Hakkari, Malatya, Tunceli (Kazancı 1987b); Ardahan, Erzincan, Hakkari, Malatya, Tunceli (Kazancı 1991); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı (2001b); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Note. Endemic to Turkey.

Comment. Placed in Quatica Jacobus and McCafferty, 2008 by some authors or in Torleya Lestage, 1917 following Kluge (2015). Concept for Quatica is still in discussion and probably polyphyletic.

Genus Torleya Lestage, 1917

Torleya major (Klapálek, 1905)

Distribution in Turkey. Ankara, Bolu, Erzincan (Kazancı 1984); Bolu, Kırklareli (Kazancı 2001b); Ankara (Kazancı and Girgin 2008); Bolu (Kazancı and Türkmen 2008a); Bolu (Kazancı and Türkmen 2008b); Ardahan, Erzincan (Kazancı 2009); listed from Turkey: (Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Family CAENIDAE Newman, 1853

Genus Brachycercus Curtis, 1834

Brachycercus harrisellus Curtis, 1834

Distribution in Turkey. Balıkesir (Tanatmış 2002); listed from Turkey: Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Genus Caenis Stephens, 1835

Caenis horaria (Linnaeus, 1758)

Distribution in Turkey. Ankara (Kazancı 2001b); Bolu (Tanatmış 2004a); İzmir (Aydınlı and Ertorun 2015); listed from Turkey: Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Caenis luctuosa (Burmeister, 1839)

Distribution in Turkey. Ankara, Bolu, Bursa, Eskişehir, Kütahya (Tanatmış 1995); Çanakkale, Edirne, İstanbul, Kırklareli, Tekirdağ (Tanatmış 1997); Muğla (Kazancı 1998a); Balıkesir, Bursa, Kütahya (Tanatmış 2000); Ankara (Kazancı 2001b); Balıkesir, Bursa (Tanatmış 2002); Ankara (Kazancı and Girgin 2008); Bolu (Kazancı and Türkmen 2008a); Bolu (Kazancı and Türkmen 2008b); Giresun (Türkmen and Kazancı 2015); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012); Eastern Black Sea Basin (Türkmen and Kazancı 2013).

Caenis macrura Stephens, 1836

Distribution in Turkey. Kocaeli (Verrier 1955); Sivas (Koch 1985); Hatay, Şanlıurfa (Koch 1988); Erzincan, Erzurum (Kazancı 2001a); Ankara, Aydın, Eskişehir, Konya, Muğla (Kazancı 2001b); Balıkesir, Bursa, Kütahya (Tanatmış 2002); Bolu, Karabük, Kastamonu, Zonguldak (Tanatmış 2004a); Kastamonu, Sinop (Tanatmış 2004b); Balıkesir, Çanakkale (Narin and Tanatmış 2004); Sinop (Ertorun and Tanatmış 2004); Bartın (Tanatmış and Ertorun 2006); Düzce, Zonguldak (Tanatmış 2007); Sinop (Tanatmış and Ertorun 2008); Afyon, Konya (Özyurt and Tanatmış 2011); Tokat (Kazancı et al. 2012); Malatya (Aydınlı 2013); Giresun (Türkmen and Kazancı 2015); İzmir, Kütahya, Manisa, Uşak (Aydınlı and Ertorun 2015); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012) Eastern Black Sea Basin (Türkmen and Kazancı 2013).

Comment. Discrimination of larvae is frequently difficult. Two subspecies from the Mediterranean have been described by Malzacher (1986).

Caenis martae Belfiore, 1984

Distribution in Turkey. Bolu (Kazancı and Türkmen 2008a); Bolu (Kazancı and Türkmen 2008b); Balıkesir (Türkmen and Özkan 2011); Giresun (Türkmen and Kazancı 2015); listed from Turkey: Kazancı and Türkmen (2012); Eastern Black Sea Basin (Türkmen and Kazancı 2013).

Comment. Discrimination of larvae is frequently difficult. For micrographs of discriminating characters see Bauernfeind and Lechthaler (2014).

Caenis pseudorivulorum Keffermüller, 1960

Distribution in Turkey. Ankara (Kazancı 1986a); Zonguldak (Tanatmış 2007); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı (2001b); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Caenis rivulorum Eaton, 1884

Distribution in Turkey. Elazığ (Berker 1981); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı (2001b); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Comment. Correct identification of Caenis taxa in all stages has been greatly improved by Malzacher (1982, 1984, 1986). Earlier records remain usually doubtful and should be checked.

Caenis robusta Eaton, 1884

Distribution in Turkey. Antalya, İzmir (Puthz 1972); Antalya (Malzacher 1986); Bursa (Tanatmış 2002); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Family PROSOPISTOMATIDAE Laméere, 1917

Genus Prosopistoma Latreille, 1833

Prosopistoma orhanelicum Dalkiran, 2009

Type country and locality. Turkey, Deliballılar site (Deliballılar is located in the district of Orhaneli in Orhaneli stream, the province of Bursa) (Dalkıran 2009).

Distribution in Turkey. Bursa (Dalkıran 2009); listed for Turkey: Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Note. Endemic to Turkey.

Comment. Differences between larvae of P. orhanelicum and P. pennigerum are, however, rather slight, and discrimination may sometimes be doubtful. Manifestations of morphological characters are age dependent (Dalkıran 2009; Schletterer et al. 2015), imagines of P. orhanelicum have not been described so far. Discriminating characters for east Palaearctic taxa (larvae) have been summarized by Bojková and Soldán (2015).

Prosopistoma pennigerum (O.F. Müller, 1785)

Distribution in Turkey. Diyarbakır (sub Prosopistoma foliaceum (Fourcroy, 1785); Koch 1985); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999); Kazancı (2001b); Dalkıran (2009); Kazancı and Türkmen (2012).

Comment. Differences between larvae of P. orhanelicum and P. pennigerum are, however, rather slight, and discrimination doubtful. Manifestations of morphological characters are age-dependent (Schletterer et al. 2015). Discriminating characters for east Palaearctic taxa (larvae) have been summarized by Bojková and Soldán (2015).

Ephemeroptera species excluded from the catalogue

Pseudocloeon inopinum Gillies 1949

Distribution in Turkey. Elazığ (Berker 1981); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999).

Comment. Occurrence of this Oriental taxon in Turkey has most probably been based on misidentified material as already stated by Kazancı (2001b).

Pseudocloeon rubellum Navás, 1931

Distribution in Turkey. Elazığ (Berker 1981); listed from Turkey: Tanatmış (1999).

Comment. Occurrence of this Oriental taxon in Turkey has most probably been based on misidentified material as already stated by Kazancı (2001b).

Rhithrogena pellucida Daggy, 1945

Distribution in Turkey. Elazığ (Berker 1981).

Comment. Occurrence of this Nearctic taxon in Turkey has most probably been based on misidentified material as already stated by Kazancı (2001b).

Results

Ephemeroptera fauna of some provinces is remarkable and comparatively well-investigated, whereas some provinces have so far been not or insufficiently studied. Best known provinces are Ankara, Balıkesir Bartın, Bingöl, Bolu, Bursa, Çanakkale, Çankırı, Düzce, Erzincan, Erzurum, Eskişehir, Hakkari, Kars, Kastamonu, Karabük, Kırklareli, Kütahya, Muğla, Muş, Sinop, Tekirdağ, and Zonguldak provinces while Adana, Aksaray, Batman, Burdur, Gaziantep, Karaman, Kilis, Mardin, Niğde, Ordu there was not a single record observed. For faunistic research on Ephemeroptera, priority should be given to Adana, Aksaray, Batman, Burdur, Gaziantep, Karaman, Kilis, Mardin, Niğde, Ordu provinces.
Some taxa are known so far only from a single locality or from early records that are in need of updating and a careful re-examination based on modern taxonomic standards. Additionally, it would be advisable to revise discriminating characters for some problematic taxa.
Areas which have endemic species and their protection status should eventually be reconsidered due to their expected high endemism ratio.

We hope, however, there will be young scientists who will critically evaluate the present data, confirm or correct taxonomically doubtful records, and complete the missing parts in the taxonomic and faunistic knowledge about Ephemeroptera in Turkey.

Turkish mayfly diversity

As shown in Table 1, the two most diversified families are the Heptageniidae (62 spp., 39.50% of total), followed by the Baetidae (42 spp., 26.75%). On the other hand, the highest level of endemism (12 spp., 50.00%) is in the Heptageniidae followed by the Oligoneuriidae (3 spp., 12.5%).

Table 1.

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Diversity among the different families occurring in Turkey (Nb = number, % Total = % of total species number, % Fam. = % only within the family).

Family	Diversity		Endemism
Family	Nb	% Total	Nb	% Total	% Fam.
Ameletidae	2	1.27	0	0	0
Siphlonuridae	3	1.91	1	4.17	33.33
Baetidae	42	26.75	2	8.33	4.76
Isonychiidae	1	0.64	0	0	0
Oligoneuriidae	7	4.46	3	12.5	42.86
Heptageniidae	62	39.50	12	50	19.35
Leptophlebiidae	14	8.92	2	8.33	14.28
Ephemeridae	6	3.82	0	0	0
Palingeniidae	1	0.64	1	4.17	100
Polymitarcyidae	1	0.64	0	0	0
Potamanthidae	1	0.64	0	0	0
Ephemerellidae	7	4.46	2	8.33	28.57
Caenidae	8	5.10	0	0	0
Prosopistomatidae	2	1.27	1	4.17	50
Total	157	100	24	100

As shown in Table 2, the two most diversified genera in Turkey are Baetis (34 spp., 21.66%) and Rhithrogena (19 spp., 12.10%), followed by Ecdyonurus (13 spp., 8.28%). Concerning the level of endemism, Electrogena and Rhithrogena are also in first position (5 spp., 20.83%), followed by Oligoneuriella (3 spp., 12.5%). It has to be considered, however, that taxonomy of many taxa, especially of Heptageniidae, recorded from Turkey is but poorly understood at present.

Table 2.

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Diversity among the different genera occurring in Turkey (Nb = number, % Total = % of total species number, % Genus = % only within the genus).

Genus	Diversity		Endemism
Genus	Nb	% Total	Nb	% Total	% Genus
Ameletus	1	0.64	0	0	0
Metreletus	1	0.64	0	0	0
Siphlonurus	3	1.91	1	4.17	33.33
Baetis	34	21.66	2	8.33	5.88
Centroptilum	1	0.64	0	0	0
Cloeon	2	1.27	0	0	0
Procloeon	4	2.55	0	0	0
Pseudocentroptiloides	1	0.64	0	0	0
Isonychia	1	0.64	0	0	0
Oligoneuriella	7	4.46	3	12.5	42.86
Ecdyonurus	13	8.28	1	4.17	7.69
Electrogena	12	7.64	5	20.83	41.66
Afronurus	2	1.27	1	4.17	50
Epeorus	10	6.37	0	0	0
Rhithrogena	19	12.10	5	20.83	26.31
Heptagenia	5	3.18	0	0	0
Thalerosphyrus	1	0.64	0	0	0
Calliarcys	1	0.64	1	4.17	100
Choroterpes	2	1.27	0	0	0
Paraleptophlebia	3	1.91	0	0	0
Habroleptoides	4	2.55	1	4.17	25.00
Habrophlebia	2	1.27	0	0	0
Thraulus	2	1.27	0	0	0
Ephemera	6	3.82	0	0	0
Palingenia	1	0.64	1	4.17	100
Ephoron	1	0.64	0	0	0
Potamanthus	1	0.64	0	0	0
Ephemerella	4	2.55	0	0	0
Drunella	2	1.27	2	8.33	100
Torleya	1	0.64	0	0	0
Brachycercus	1	0.64	0	0	0
Caenis	7	4.46	0	0	0
Prosopistoma	2	1.27	1	4.17	50
Total	157	100	24	100

Endemic species

The endemic species are separated into two groups, those having a wide distribution in Anatolia (macro-endemic species) and those only occurring in a small mountainous massif or in a narrow part of the Taurus or Pontus (micro-endemic species). There are seven macro-endemic species: E. bimaculatus, E. anatolica, E. hakkarica, R. anatolica, R. tibialis, C. van, and D. euphratica and 17 micro-endemic species: S. muchei, B. elazigi, B. macrospinosus, O. magna, O. paulopilosa, O. pectinata, E. boluensis, E. dirmil, E. necatii, A. madli, R. pontica, R. sublineata, R. theischingeri, H. kavron, P. anatolica, D. karia, and P. orhanelicum.

Acknowledgements

We would like to express our sincere thanks to Prof. Dr. Murat Barlas and Dr. Bülent Yorulmaz (Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Univ., Muğla, Turkey) for their help and consideration in various ways concerning our study. We are especially grateful to Prof. Dr. Hans Malicky (Lunz, Austria) for the generous gift of material and Prof. Dr. Alain Thomas (Toulouse, France) for his most valuable comments during the reviewing process.

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Prof. Dr. Nilgün Kazancı, Hacettepe University, Turkey

Dr. Mustafa Tanatmış, Anadolu University, Turkey