Research Article |
Corresponding author: Shuqiang Li ( lisq@ioz.ac.cn ) Academic editor: Yuri Marusik
© 2016 Qi Cao, Shuqiang Li, Marek Żabka.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Cao Q, Li S, Żabka M (2016) The jumping spiders from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China (Araneae, Salticidae). ZooKeys 630: 43-104. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.630.8466
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Twenty one jumping spider species from South Yunnan are reported, diagnosed, described and illustrated; 19 of them are described as new: Afraflacilla ballarini Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂), Agorius tortilis Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), Bavia exilis Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂), Carrhotus kevinlii Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), Carrhotus sarahcrewsae Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂), Chinattus wengnanensis Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), Chinophrys mengyangensis Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), Cocalus menglaensis Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), Cosmophasis xiaolonghaensis Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), Cytaea yunnanensis Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂), Gedea pinguis Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂), Gelotia zhengi Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂), Icius bamboo Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂), Nannenus menghaiensis Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), Pancorius latus Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂), Phintella lepidus Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), Phintella sancha Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂), Ptocasius paraweyersi Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), and Stenaelurillus fuscus Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂). Females of Bavia capistrata (C.L. Koch, 1846) and Phintella suavisoides Lei & Peng, 2013 are described for the first time. DNA barcodes of 12 species were obtained for future use.
Description, diagnosis, new species, Southeast Asia, taxonomy
Of 598 salticid genera and 5912 species known worldwide (
Being a border area with Vietnam, Laos and Myanmar, Yunnan shares the jumping spider taxa with those countries, of which the fauna of Vietnam is the best studied, with 56 genera and 116 species (
While studying spiders in Xishuangbanna in South Yunnan, 21 salticid species were found. The goal of this paper is to report these species, including descriptions of 19 new species and the redescriptions of two known species.
The material came from Xishuangbanna in South Yunnan (21°08'N–22°36'N, 99°56'E–101°50'E). The area belongs to the transitional zone from tropical South to subtropical East Asia (
The specimens were preserved in 95% ethanol and were examined and measured with Olympus SZX12 and BX41 microscopes. Photos were taken with an Olympus C7070 wide zoom digital camera mounted on an Olympus SZX12 stereomicroscope. The images were processed with Helicon image stacking software. Vulvae were removed and digested with lactic acid or a 10% warm solution of potassium hydroxide (KOH). All measurements are in millimetres. References to figures in the cited papers are listed in lowercase type (fig. or figs); figures in this paper are noted with an initial capital (Fig. or Figs).
AER anterior eye row
ALE anterior lateral eyes
AL abdomen length
AME anterior median eyes
AW abdomen width
CD copulatory ducts
CL carapace length
CO copulatory opening
CW carapace width
DB dorsal-basal bulge
DTA dorsal tibial apophysis
E embolus
EB embolus base
EC extension of cymbium
EFL length of eye field
FD fertilization ducts
H hood
LP lamellar process
P pocket
PE posterior extension
PER posterior eye row
PLE posterior lateral eyes
PME posterior median eyes
PP prolateral process
R receptacles
RBB retrolateral bulbal bump
RP retrolateral process
RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis
RVA retrolateral ventral tibial apophysis
S serration
SA sclerotized apophysis
SD seminal duct
RP retrolateral process
SDA seminal duct angle
TA tegular apophysis
TD translucent duct
TP tegulum protrusion
VTA ventral tibial apophysis
The leg spination pattern is given after
For 12 species the DNA barcodes were obtained for future use (the samples collected in 2006, 2007 and 2009 were not extracted successfully). A partial fragment of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) was amplified and sequenced following the protocol in
Species | Sequence length | GenBank accession number | Collecting localities in Xishuangbanna |
---|---|---|---|
Agorius tortilis sp. n. | 629 bp | KU893260 | Mengyang, Jinghong |
Bavia capistrata | 629 bp | KU893261 | Menglun, Mengla |
Carrhotus kevinlii sp. n. | 629 bp | KU893263 | Menglun, Mengla |
Carrhotus sarahcrewsae sp. n. | 629 bp | KU893264 | Menglun, Mengla |
Chinattus wengnanensis sp. n. | 629 bp | KU893265 | Menga, Jinghong |
Chinophrys mengyangensis sp. n. | 629 bp | KU893266 | Mengyang, Jinghong |
Cocalus menglaensis sp. n. | 629 bp | KU893267 | Xiaolongha, Mengla |
Cosmophasis xiaolonghaensis sp. n. | 629 bp | KU893268 | Xiaolongha, Mengla |
Nannenus menghaiensis sp. n. | 629 bp | KU893269 | Menghai, Jinghong |
Phintella lepidus sp. n. | 629 bp | KU893270 | Mengyang, Jinghong |
Phintella suavisoides | 629 bp | KU893271 | Menglun, Mengla |
Ptocasius paraweyersi sp. n. | 629 bp | KU893272 | Menglun, Mengla |
Holotype ♂: CHINA, Yunnan, Mengla County, Menglun Town, rubber plantation (21°54.684'N, 101°16.319'E, 585 m), 7 March 2006, G. Zheng leg.
The new species is named after Francesco Ballarin (
The male resembles A. grayorum Żabka, 1993 (
Male (holotype). Total length 3.85, CL 1.85, CW 1.20, AL 2.00, AW 1.40. Eye measurements: AME 0.32 ALE 0.18 PME 0.08 PLE 0.15; AER 1.00, PER 1.00, EFL 0.85. Clypeus 0.12 high. Legs: I 3.58 (1.05, 0.70, 0.85, 0.60, 0.38); II 2.31 (0.78, 0.33, 0.50, 0.40, 0.30); III 2.60 (0.80, 0.35, 0.55, 0.50, 0.40); IV 3.34 (1.00, 0.50, 0.75, 0.64, 0.45).
Carapace brown with grey and white hairs (Fig.
Female. Unknown.
Known only from the type locality.
Holotype ♂: CHINA, Yunnan, Jinghong City, Mengyang Town, tunnel in Mt. Baihuashan (22°69.529'N, 101°55.210'E, 856 m), 16 July 2012, Q. Zhao & Z. Chen leg. Paratype: 1♀, same data as holotype.
From Latin tortilis (coiled), in reference to the shape of embolus; adjective.
The male is similar to that of A. lindu Prószyński, 2009 (
Male (holotype). Total length 5.23, CL 1.83, CW 1.50, AL 3.40, AW 1.09. Eye measurements: AME 0.48, ALE 0.27, PME 0.01, PLE 0.25, AER 1.48, PER 1.49, EFL 1.47. Clypeus 0.04 high. Legs: I 18.26 (3.28, 4.00, 2.64, 0.50, 0.46); II 3.95 (1.55, 0.55, 1.31, 1.06, 0.45); III missing; IV 7.50 (2.13, 0.73, 2.13, 1.88, 0.63).
Carapace greyish-yellow (Fig.
Female (paratype). Total length 5.54, CL 2.35, CW 1.38, AL 3.19, AW 1.23. Eye measurements: AME 0.44, ALE 0.25, PME 0.01, PLE 0.25, AER 1.30, PER 1.32, EFL 1.36. Clypeus 0.04 high. Legs: I 7.64 (2.50, 2.56, 1.80, 0.40, 0.38); II 4.15 (1.25, 0.56, 1.04, 0.90, 0.40); III missing; IV 4.31 (1.22, 0.56, 1.09, 1.00, 0.44).
Abdomen higher and broader than in male, other characters similar. Epigyne heavily sclerotised along the posterior margin (Fig.
Known only from the type locality.
Maevia capistrata C.L. Koch, 1846: 76, fig. 1331 (♂).
Bavia
capistrata
:
1♂, CHINA, Yunnan, Mengla County, Menglun Town, Xishuangbanna Nature Reserve: nearby fish pond (21°57.883'N, 101°12.147'E, 839 m), ravine rainforest, 15 August 2011, Q. Zhao & Z. Chen leg.; 1♀, CHINA, Yunnan, Mengla County, Xiaolongha Village, Xishuangbanna Nature Reserve: Biological diversity corridor (21°24.265'N, 101°37.300'E, 653 m), seasonal rainforest, 27 June 2012, Q. Zhao & Z. Chen leg.
Differs from the closely related B. aericeps Simon, 1877 (see
Male. Well described by
Female. Total length 8.70, CL 3.44, CW 2.75, AL 5.26, AW 1.92. Eye measurements: AME 0.69, ALE 0.28, PME 0.06, PLE 0.29, AER 2.00, PER 2.00, EFL 1.88. Clypeus 0.16 high. Legs: I 6.92 (2.13, 1.35, 1.75, 1.14, 0.55); II 5.50 (1.70, 1.06, 1.26, 0.98, 0.50); III 5.33 (1.60, 0.95, 1.00, 1.19, 0.59); IV 9.09 (2.25, 1.00, 1.74, 1.74, 0.63).
Carapace reddish-brown, lighter dorsally, ocular area dark brown (Fig.
Malaysia to Australia, Pacific Islands, and South China.
Female of B. capistrata is described for the first time.
Holotype ♂: CHINA, Yunnan, Mengla County, Xiaolongha Village, Xishuangbanna Nature Reserve: Biological diversity corridor (21°24.230'N, 101°36.262'E, 715 m), seasonal rainforest, 4 June 2012, Q. Zhao & Z. Chen leg.
From Latin exilis (slender), in reference to the shape of the abdomen; adjective.
Similar to B. aericeps, but RTA much larger (Fig.
Male (holotype). Total length 6.65, CL 2.75, CW 1.75, AL 3.90, AW 1.10. Eye measurements: AME 0.60, ALE 0.21, PME 0.06, PLE 0.16, AER 1.52, PER 1.55, EFL 1.41. Clypeus 0.08 high. Legs: I 6.15 (1.75, 1.00, 1.55, 1.00, 0.85); II 4.00 (1.15, 0.70, 0.85, 0.70, 0.60); III 3.55 (1.00, 0.60, 0.65, 0.80, 0.50); IV 4.35 (1.25, 0.65, 0.90, 1.00, 0.55).
Carapace dark brown with central lighter trapezoid dorsally (Fig.
Female. Unknown.
Known only from the type locality.
Holotype ♂: CHINA, Yunnan, Mengla County, Menglun Town, Lüshilin (21°54.398'N, 101°16.754'E, 705 m), seasonal rainforest, 19 August 2011, K. Li leg. Paratypes: 1♂, same data as holotype; 1♂2♀, CHINA, Yunnan, Mengla County, Xiaolongha Village, Xishuangbanna Nature Reserve: Biological diversity corridor (21°24.213'N, 101°36.995'E, 834 m), seasonal rainforest, 3 June 2012, Q. Zhao & Z. Chen leg.
The new species is named after Mr Kevin Li (=Kaiwen Li) for his assistance in field work; noun (name) in genitive case.
Cymbium twice as long as bulb (Fig.
Male (holotype). Total length 6.08, CL 3.20, CW 2.64, AL 2.88, AW 1.95. Eye measurements: AME 0.55, ALE 0.24, PME 0.08, PLE 0.37, AER 2.41, PER 2.35, EFL 2.00. Clypeus 0.24 high. Legs: I 5.93 (1.85, 1.10, 1.38, 0.82, 0.78); II 5.86 (1.80, 1.12, 1.30, 0.86, 0.78); III 6.37 (2.15, 1.00, 1.36, 1.26, 0.60); IV 6.48 (0.70, 1.47, 1.41, 0.94, 1.96).
Carapace brown (Fig.
Female (one of paratypes) very similar to the male, with clypeus brown and legs light brown. Total length 7.05, CL 3.25, CW 2.66, AL 3.80, AW 2.97. Eye measurements: AME 0.75, ALE 0.39, PME 0.08, PLE 0.37, AER 2.45, PER 2.55, EFL 1.36. Clypeus 0.24 high. Legs: I 6.17 (1.90, 1.28, 1.41, 0.95, 0.63); II 5.68 (1.84, 1.22, 1.20, 0.79, 0.63); III 6.66 (2.15, 1.02, 1.36, 1.33, 0.80); IV 7.07 (2.15, 1.22, 1.41, 1.45, 0.84). Spination of leg I: femur d3-1-1; patella p0-1-0, r0-1-0; tibia v2-2-2, p1-0-0, r1-0-0; metatarsus v2-0-2. Copulatory openings slit shaped with strongly sclerotised edges. The distance between openings subequal to the length of openings (Fig.
Known from several localities in Xishuangbanna.
Holotype ♂: CHINA, Yunnan, Mengla County, Menglun Town, 48 km landmark in Nature Reserve (21°38.853'N, 101°09.625'E, 1001 m), seasonal rainforest, 30 July 2012, Q. Zhao & Z. Chen leg.
The new species is named after Dr Sarah Crews for her contribution to the study of the spider family Selenopidae; noun (name) in genitive case.
The male resembles that of C. sannio (see
Male (holotype).Total length 5.77, CL 2.97, CW 2.25, AL 2.80, AW 1.94. Eye measurements: AME 0.63, ALE 0.29, PME 0.05, PLE 0.25, AER 1.84, PER 1.70, EFL 1.64. Clypeus 0.25 high. Legs: I 8.22 (2.25, 1.40, 2.13, 1.64, 0.80); II 6.38 (1.96, 1.06, 1.48, 1.25, 0.63); III 6.44 (2.00, 1.00, 1.33, 1.30, 0.81); IV 6.47 (1.93, 1.00, 1.41, 1.34, 0.79).
Carapace dark brown, margin and area around eyes dark with white hairs (Fig.
Female. Unknown.
Known only from the type locality.
Holotype ♂: CHINA, Yunnan, Jinghong, Menga Town, Wengnan Village (22°05.020'N, 100°22.087'E, 1118 m), secondary forest, 24 July 2012, Q. Zhao & Z. Chen leg. Paratypes: 2♀, same data as holotype; 1♂, CHINA, Yunnan, Mengla County, Menglun Town, 48 km landmark in Nature Reserve (21°53.997'N, 101°16.957'E, 593 m), secondary forest, 11 August 2011, Q. Zhao & Z. Chen leg.
The species name is derived from the name of type locality; adjective.
The male can be distinguished from the other congeners by the broad and bifurcate embolus and the nearly rectangular tegulum (in ventral view) (Fig.
Male (holotype). Total length 4.25, CL 2.25, CW 1.75, AL 2.00, AW 1.44. Eye measurements: AME 0.49, ALE 0.34, PME 0.09, PLE 0.24, AER 1.72, PER 1.56, EFL 1.40. Clypeus 0.13 high. Legs: I 4.85 (1.50, 0.86, 1.13, 0.80, 0.56); II 5.93 (1.25, 0.69, 0.85, 0.70, 0.44); III 4.73 (1.56, 0.80, 0.90, 1.00, 0.47); IV 4.40 (1.41, 0.59, 0.90, 1.00, 0.50).
Carapace dark brown (Fig.
Female (one of paratypes) very similar to the male. Total length 6.00, CL 3.00, CW 2.10, AL 3.00, AW 1.76. Eye measurements: AME 0.60, ALE 0.40, PME 0.09, PLE 0.27, AER 2.00, PER 1.84, EFL 1.60. Clypeus 0.20 high. Legs: I 4.96 (1.50, 1.00, 1.13, 0.80, 0.53); II 4.31 (1.41, 0.75, 0.90, 0.75, 0.50); III 5.62 (1.85, 0.94, 1.13, 1.00, 0.70); IV 5.38 (1.64, 0.71, 1.13, 1.20, 0.70).
Legs light brown. Spination of leg I: femur d2-1-1; tibia v2-2-2; metatarsus v2-0-2. Epigyne wider than long, with posterior projection and two pockets (Fig.
Known from several localities in Xishuangbanna.
Holotype ♂: CHINA, Yunnan, Jinghong City, Mengyang Town, seasonal rainforest (22°09.765'N, 100°52.553'E, 862 m), 22 July 2012, Q. Zhao & Z. Chen leg. Paratypes: 1♂, same data as holotype; 1♀, CHINA, Yunnan, Mengla County, Menglun Town, 48 km landmark of Nature Reserve (21°38.853'N, 101°09.625'E, 1001 m), seasonal rainforest, 30 July 2012, Q. Zhao & Z. Chen leg.; 1♂1♀, CHINA, Yunnan, Mengla County, Menglun Town, 48 km landmark in Nature Reserve (21°58.704'N, 101°19.748'E, 1088 m), seasonal rainforest, 12 August 2011, Q. Zhao & Z. Chen leg.
The species name is derived from the name of type locality; adjective.
Similar to C. liujiapingensis (Yang & Tang, 1997) (cf.
Male (holotype). Total length 4.80, CL 2.25, CW 1.75, AL 2.55, AW 1.60. Eye measurements: AME 0.48, ALE 0.31, PME 0.05, PLE 0.29, AER 1.62, PER 1.70, EFL 1.44. Clypeus 0.10 high. Legs: I 4.40 (1.45, 0.70, 1.05, 0.70, 0.50); II 3.95 (1.30, 0.65, 0.80, 0.70, 0.50); III 4.60 (1.40, 0.50, 1.00, 1.00, 0.70); IV 4.85 (1.40, 0.60, 1.00, 1.10, 0.75).
Carapace dark brown, tegument iridescent with a few sparse colourless setae (Fig.
Female (one of paratypes). Total length 4.73, CL 2.30, CW 2.03, AL 2.43, AW 1.94. Eye measurements: AME 0.60, ALE 0.33, PME 0.03, PLE 0.29, AER 1.79, PER 1.81, EFL 1.44. Clypeus 0.10 high. Legs: I 4.24 (1.39, 0.75, 0.90, 0.75, 0.45); II 4.04 (1.38, 0.70, 0.85, 0.66, 0.45); III 4.93(1.60, 0.80, 0.93, 1.05, 0.55); IV 5.32 (1.56, 0.75, 1.13, 1.25, 0.63).
Abdomen dark brown. Legs grey. Other characters similar to those of male. Epigyne: Copulatory ducts stout, receptacles kidney-shaped, with anteriorly bent translucent ducts (Fig.
Known from several localities in Xishuangbanna.
Holotype ♂: CHINA, Yunnan, Mengla County, Xiaolongha Village, Xishuangbanna Nature Reserve, Biological diversity corridor (21°24.330'N, 101°37.002'E, 801 m), secondary forest, 30 June 2012, Q. Zhao & Z. Chen leg. Paratypes: 1♀, CHINA, Yunnan, Mengla County, Xiaolongha Village, Xishuangbanna Nature Reserve, Biological Diversity Corridor (21°24.265'N, 101°37.300'E, 653 m), seasonal rainforest, 27 June 2012, Q. Zhao & Z. Chen leg.; 1♀, CHINA, Yunnan, Mengla County, Menglun Town, 48 km landmark in Nature Reserve (21°58.704'N, 101°19.748'E, 1088 m), seasonal rainforest, 12 August 2011, Q. Zhao & Z. Chen leg.
The species name is derived from the name of the type locality; adjective.
Similar to C. gibbosus Wanless, 1981 (see
Male (holotype). Total length 8.75, CL 3.75, CW 2.25, AL 5.00, AW 1.50. Eye measurements: AME 0.60, ALE 0.25, PME 0.22, PLE 0.26, AER 1.86, PER 2.00, EFL 1.74. Clypeus 0.31 high. Legs: I 8.10 (2.10, 1.25, 2.00, 1.75, 1.00); II 6.80 (2.00, 1.00, 1.50, 1.50, 0.80); III 7.27 (1.95, 1.20, 1.75, 1.57, 0.80); IV 8.95 (2.50, 1.15, 2.00, 2.20, 1.10).
Carapace dark brown with short recumbent and white setae (Fig.
Female (one of the paratypes). Total length 10.67, PL 4.00, PW 2.67, OL 6.67, OW 2.19. Eye measurements: AME 0.60, ALE 0.30, PME 0.25, PLE 0.35, AER 2.00, PER 2.45, EFL 1.74. Clypeus 0.20 high. Legs: I 8.08 (2.23, 1.53, 2.05, 1.47, 0.80); II 7.10 (2.00, 1.36, 1.74, 1.25, 0.75); III 7.27 (2.10, 1.20, 1.66, 1.41, 0.90); IV 9.91 (2.66, 1.40, 2.25, 2.40, 1.20).
Abdomen dorsally greyish. Spination of leg I: femur d4-1-1; patella p0-1-0, r0-1-0; tibia v2-2-2, p1-0-1, r1-0-1, d1-1-1; metatarsus v0-2-0, d2-0-2. Other characters similar to those of male. Epigyne: dark amber clothed in creamy hairs. Epigyne with two rectangular and strongly sclerotised posterior projections (Fig.
Known from several localities in Xishuangbanna.
Holotype ♂: CHINA, Yunnan, Mengla County, Xiaolongha Village, Xishuangbanna Nature Reserve: Biological diversity corridor (21°24.798'N, 101°37.880'E, 693 m), seasonal rainforest, 28 June 2012, Q. Zhao & Z. Chen leg. Paratypes: 1♂1♀, same data as holotype; 1♀, CHINA, Yunnan, Mengla County, Xiaolongha Village, Xishuangbanna Nature Reserve: Biological diversity corridor (21°24.230'N, 101°36.262'E, 715 m), seasonal rainforest, 4 June 2012, Q. Zhao & Z. Chen leg.
The species name is derived from the name of the type locality; adjective.
Similar to C. courti Żabka & Waldock, 2012 (
Male (holotype). Total length 5.20, CL 2.30, CW 1.72, AL 2.90, AW 1.05. Eye measurements: AME 0.55, ALE 0.24, PME 0.05, PLE 0.20, AER 1.59, PER 1.59, EFL 1.44. Clypeus 0.09 high. Legs: I 4.34 (1.34, 0.94, 1.00, 0.56, 0.50); II 3.64 (1.13, 0.70, 0.76, 0.58, 0.47); III 3.84 (1.30, 0.55, 0.71, 0.80, 0.48); IV 4.31 (1.41, 0.56, 0.70, 1.06, 0.50).
Carapace dark brown (Fig.
Female (same locality of holotype). Total length 6.46, CL 2.66, CW 1.90, AL 3.80, AW 1.64. Eye measurements: AME 0.60, ALE 0.22, PME 0.06, PLE 0.22, AER 1.59, PER 1.59, EFL 1.44. Clypeus 0.08 high. Legs: I 4.34 (1.34, 0.94, 1.00, 0.56, 0.50); II 3.64 (1.13, 0.70, 0.76, 0.58, 0.47); III 3.84 (1.30, 0.55, 0.71, 0.80, 0.48); IV 4.31 (1.41, 0.56, 0.70, 1.06, 0.50).
Carapace yellow (Fig.
Known from several localities in Xishuangbanna.
Holotype ♂: CHINA, Yunnan, Mengla County, Menglun Town, Menglun Nature Reserve (21°57.669'N, 101°11.893'E, 790 m), 23 April 2007, G. Zheng leg.
The species name derived from the name of the type locality; adjective.
Male (holotype). Total length 5.75, CL 2.75, CW 2.05, AL 3.00, AW 1.75. Eye measurements: AME 0.55, ALE 0.36, PME 0.10, PLE 0.36, AER 1.90, PER 1.80, EFL 1.50. Clypeus 0.13 high. Legs: I 4.76 (1.38, 0.75, 1.13, 0.90, 0.60); II 5.56 (1.63, 0.88, 1.20, 0.95, 0.90); III missing; IV 5.63 (1.63, 0.75, 1.30, 1.20, 0.75).
Carapace brown, covered with dense, white setae (Fig.
Female. Unknown.
Known only from the type locality.
Holotype ♂: CHINA, Yunnan, Mengla County, Menglun Town, Xishuangbanna Nature Reserve, G213 road, Banyan tree (21°54.089'N, 101°17.024'E, 579 m), 28 November 2009, G. Tang & Z. Yao leg.
From Latin pinguis (fat), in reference to the shape of the palp; adjective.
Similar to G. tibialis Żabka, 1985 (see
Male (holotype). In poor condition. Precise description of the habitus unavailable. Palpal tibia short, subequal to the tip of the cymbium, about 1/3 the length of the bulb. Tibial apophysis with two branches, each with clusters of long apical bristles (Fig.
Female. Unknown.
Known only from the type locality.
Holotype ♂: CHINA, Yunnan, Mengla County, Menglun Town, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences: Lvshilin (21°54.705'N, 101°16.898'E, 656 m), 11 November 2009, G. Zheng leg.
The specific is named in honour of the collector Guo Zheng from Shenyang Normal University; noun (name) in genitive case.
Differs from the similar G. bouchardi (Simon, 1903) (see
Male (holotype). Total length 5.90, CL 2.75, CW 1.80, AL 3.15, AW 1.60. Eye measurements: AME 0.50, ALE 0.28, PME 0.15, PLE 0.20, AER 1.68, PER 1.68, EFL 1.40. Clypeus 0.25 high. Legs: I 8.15 (2.05, 0.85, 2.10, 2.10, 1.05); II 6.85 (1.90, 0.80, 1.75, 1.55, 0.85); III 6.30 (1.75, 0.70, 1.45, 1.55, 0.85); IV 8.30 (2.15, 0.85, 1.90, 2.35, 1.05).
Carapace dark brown (Fig.
Female. Unknown.
Known only from the type locality.
Holotype ♂: CHINA, Yunnan, Mengla County, Menglun Town, Bamboo plantation, G213 (21°53.646'N, 101°16.975'E, 589 m), 26 November 2009, G. Tang & Z. Yao leg.
The species was collected from a bamboo plantation; noun.
The male resembles I. hamatus (see
Male (holotype). Total length 4.23, CL 1.53, CW 0.90, AL 1.70, AW 0.80. Eye measurements: AME 0.31, ALE 0.15, PME 0.03, PLE 0.16, AER 1.00, PER 1.10, EFL 0.81. Clypeus 0.05 high. Legs: I 2.05 (0.65, 0.39, 0.49, 0.30, 0.22); II 1.70 (0.50, 0.30, 0.38, 0.27, 0.25); III 1.81 (0.56, 0.25, 0.40, 0.35, 0.25); IV 2.25 (0. 75, 0.32, 0.46, 0.44, 0.28).
Carapace dark brown (Fig.
Female. Unknown.
Known only from the type locality.
Holotype ♂: CHINA, Yunnan, Jinghong City, Menghai County, Menghai Village (22°01.702'N, 100°23.700'E, 1188 m), secondary forest, 28 July 2012, Q. Zhao & Z. Chen leg. Paratypes: 1♀, same data as holotype; 1♀, CHINA, Yunnan, Mengla County, Xiaolongha Village, Xishuangbanna Nature Reserve, Biological diversity corridor (21°24.213'N, 101°376.995'E, 834 m), seasonal rainforest, 3 June 2012, Q. Zhao & Z. Chen leg.
The species name is derived from the name of the type locality; adjective.
The male resembles that of N. maughami Prószyński & Deeleman-Reinhold, 2012 (see
Male (holotype). Total length 7.25, CL 3.50, CW 2.43, AL 3.75, AW 1.50. Eye measurements: AME 0.70, ALE 0.32, PME 0.15, PLE 0.25, AER 2.10, PER 2.15, EFL 1.80. Clypeus 0.25 high. Legs: I 6.00 (2.00, 1.10, 1.25, 0.90, 0.75); II 5.45 (1.65, 1.00, 1.20, 0.85, 0.75); III 5.48(1.70, 0.85, 1.00, 1.10, 0.83); IV 6.52 (1.95, 0.92, 1.50, 1.35, 0.80).
Carapace dark brown (Fig.
Female (one of paratypes, same locality as holotype). Total length 9.26, CL 4.00, CW 2.56, AL 5.26, AW 2.38. Eye measurements: AME 0.79, ALE 0.39, PME 0.08, PLE 0.34, AER 2.28, PER 2.30, EFL 2.10. Clypeus 0.13 high. Legs: I 6.57 (2.15, 1.34, 1.48, 0.90, 0.70); II 6.02 (1.90, 1.20, 1.25, 0.95, 0.72); III 6.11 (1.90, 1.08, 1.00, 1.34, 0.79); IV 7.77 (2.28, 1.18, 1.72, 1.80, 0.79).
Spination of leg I: femur d0-1-0; tibia v2-2-2; metatarsus v2-0-2. Other characters similar to those of male. Epigyne with two rectangular posterior projections and central bulge formed by the copulatory ducts (Fig.
Known from several localities in Xishuangbanna.
Holotype ♂: CHINA, Yunnan, Mengla County, Menglun Town, Paramichelia baillonii plantation (21°54.200'N, 101°16.923'E, 608 m), 7 April 2007, leg. G. Zheng Guo.
From Latin latus (wide), in reference to the shape of the carapace; adjective.
Similar to P. crassipes (Karsch, 1881) (see
Male (holotype). Total length 6.45, CL 3.20, CW 2.80, AL 3.25, AW 1.80. Eye measurements: AME 0.60, ALE 0.36, PME 0.07, PLE 0.36, AER 2.25, PER 2.20, EFL 1.90. Clypeus 0.31 high. Legs: I 8.40 (2.35, 1.25, 2.30, 1.60, 0.90); II 6.35 (2.00, 0.95, 1.45, 1.20, 0.75); III 6.80 (1.00, 1.30, 1.45, 0.95, 2.10); IV missing.
Carapace dark brown, moderately high and slightly broadened posteriorly, with white or greyish hairs and lighter mediodorsally (Fig.
Female. Unknown.
Known from the type locality.
Holotype ♂: CHINA, Yunnan, Jinghong City, Mengyang Town (22°09.765'N, 100°52.553'E, 862 m), seasonal rainforest, 22 July 2012, Q. Zhao & Z. Chen leg. Paratypes: 1♂1♀, CHINA, Yunnan, Mengla County, Xiaolongha Village, Xishuangbanna Nature Reserve, Biological diversity corridor (21°24.192'N, 101°37.025'E, 657 m), seasonal rainforest, 29 July 2012, Q. Zhao & Z. Chen leg.
From Latin lepidus (nice), in reference to the body appearance; adjective.
Male can be distinguished from other congeners by the wrench-like structure comprising the embolus and lamellar process (Fig.
Male (holotype). Total length 5.10, CL 2.25, CW 1.75, AL 2.85, AW 1.50. Eye measurements: AME 0.50, ALE 0.30, PME 0.05, PLE 0.20, AER 1.75, PER 1.70, EFL 1.35. Clypeus 0.40 high. Legs: I 6.25 (1.75, 1.00, 1.50, 1.25, 0.75); II 4.83 (1.35, 0.73, 1.15, 0.90, 0.70); III 5.60(1.60, 0.70, 1.25, 1.30, 0.75); IV 5.80 (1.65, 0.70, 1.35, 1.35, 0.75).
Carapace dark brown (Fig.
Female (one of paratypes). Total length 4.42, CL 1.70, CW 1.30, AL 2.72, AW 1.72. Eye measurements: AME 0.43, ALE 0.22, PME 0.04, PLE 0.23, AER 1.25, PER 1.23, EFL 1.13. Clypeus 0.37 high. Legs: I 3.35 (0.92, 0.62, 0.91, 0.61, 0.39); II 3.34 (0.90, 0.63, 0.88, 0.56, 0.37); III 3.57(1.06, 0.50, 0.71, 0.86, 0.44); IV 4.15 (1.33, 0.47, 0.96, 0.87, 0.52).
Posterior part of carapace with broader white stripe of hairs than in male. Abdomen with broad, dark decorative pattern. Legs yellowish. Spination of leg I: femur d2-1-1; tibia v2-2-2-2; metatarsus v2-0-2. Other characters similar to these of male. Epigyne sclerotised along the anterior margin (Fig.
Known from two localities in Xishuangbanna.
Holotype ♂: CHINA, Yunnan, Mengla County, Menglun Town, rubber plantation (21°54.684'N, 101°16.319'E, 585 m), 8 April 2007, G. Zheng leg.
From Chinese Pinyin san cha (trident), in reference to the trifurcate RTA; noun.
Similar to P. suavisoides Lei & Peng, 2013 (Fig.
Male (holotype). Total length 3.60, CL 1.75, CW 1.40, AL 1.85, AW 1.09. Eye measurements: AME 0.45, ALE 0.13, PME 0.04, PLE 0.14, AER 1.25, PER 1.20, EFL 1.06. Clypeus 0.15 high. Legs: I 4.63 (1.50, 0.80, 1.13, 0.80, 0.40); II 3.50 (1.05, 0.6, 0.75, 0.65, 0.45); III 4.08 (1.25, 0.55, 0.88, 0.90, 0.50); IV 4.10 (1.05, 0.50, 1.00, 1.00, 0.55).
Carapace brown (Fig.
Female. Unknown.
Known only from the type locality.
Phintella suavisoides Lei & Peng, 2013: 103, figs 5, 6a–e (♂).
1♂1♀: CHINA, Yunnan, Mengla County, Menglun Town, 48 km landmark in Nature Reserve (21°38.853'N, 101°09.625'E, 1001 m), seasonal rainforest, 30 July 2012, Q. Zhao & Z. Chen leg. 1♂, CHINA, Yunnan, Jinghong City, Menga Town, Wengnan Village (22°05.020'N, 100°22.086'E, 1118 m), secondary forest, 24 July 2012, Q. Zhao & Z. Chen leg.; 1♀, CHINA, Yunnan, Jinghong City, Menghai County, Manda Village (22°01.702'N, 100°23.700'E, 1188 m), secondary forest, 28 July 2012, Q. Zhao & Z. Chen leg.
Holotype ♂ (Hunan Normal University, China): CHINA, Yunnan, Tengchong County, Jietou Township, Zhoujiapo Village (25°32.086'N, 98°40.139'E, 1620 m), 13 May 2006, C. Yin, X. Peng, J. Hu & P. Hu leg.
Male well diagnosed by
Male. Well described by
Female. Total length 3.25, CL 1.50, CW 1.28, AL 1.75, AW 1.10. Eye measurements: AME 0.38, ALE 0.20, PME 0.03, PLE 0.15, AER 1.19, PER 1.20, EFL 1.00. Clypeus 0.10 high. Legs: I 3.01 (0.98, 0.50, 0.63, 0.50, 0.40); II 2.62 (0.80, 0.40, 0.52, 0.50, 0.40); III 3.09 (1.00, 0.40, 0.56, 0.73, 0.40); IV 3.73 (1.18, 0.44, 0.85, 0.86, 0.40).
Carapace light grey with dense setae (Fig.
Known from Gaoligong Mountains and Xishuangbanna in Yunnan, China.
Holotype ♂: CHINA, Yunnan, Mengla County, Menglun Town, 48 km landmark in Nature Reserve (21°58.704'N, 101°19.748'E, 1088 m), seasonal rainforest, 12 August 2011, Q. Zhao & Z. Chen leg. Paratypes: 1♂2♀, CHINA, Yunnan, Mengla County, Xiaolongha Village, Xishuangbanna Nature Reserve, Biological diversity corridor (21°24.192'N, 101°37.025'E, 657 m), seasonal rainforest, 29 June 2012, Q. Zhao & Z. Chen leg.
From Greek prefix para and weyersi, a patronym from Weyers, referring to similarities with P. weyersi.
Similar to P. weyersi (see
Male (holotype). Total length 6.10, CL 2.60, CW 2.00, AL 3.50, AW 1.65. Eye measurements: AME 0.63, ALE 0.31, PME 0.05, PLE 0.30, AER 1.90, PER 1.90, EFL 1.60. Clypeus 0.15 high. Legs: I 5.20 (1.50, 1.00, 1.25, 0.85, 0.60); II 4.45(1.35, 0.75, 1.10, 0.70, 0.55); III 5.15 (1.55, 0.75, 1.10, 1.05, 0.70); IV 5.25 (1.55, 0.75, 1.10, 1.10, 0.75).
Carapace dark brown with dense white hairs on both sides of the posterior edge (Fig.
Female (one of paratypes). Total length 6.25, CL 2.81, CW 2.03, AL 3.44, AW 1.85. Eye measurements: AME 0.63, ALE 0.33, PME 0.05, PLE 0.28, AER 1.98, PER 2.00, EFL 1.72. Clypeus 0.10 high. Legs: I 4.57 (1.41, 1.00, 1.00, 0.63, 0.53); II 4.37 (1.41, 0.90, 0.93, 0.63, 0.50); III 4.80 (1.56, 0.76, 1.00, 0.92, 0.56); IV 5.37 (1.70, 0.80, 1.13, 1.10, 0.64).
Abdomen light brown with irregular white patches. Venter yellowish with black longitudinal stripe. Spination of leg I: femur d3-1-1; patella p0-1-0; tibia v2-2-2, p1-0-1; metatarsus v2-0-2. Other characters similar to the male. Copulatory ducts long, broad and located laterally. Receptacles long and convoluted, forming four loops. Fertilisation ducts located at the anterior part of the receptacles (Fig.
Known from several localities in Xishuangbanna.
Holotype ♂: CHINA, Yunnan, Mengla County, Menglun Town, Rubber-Tea plantation (21°55.551'N, 101°16.923'E, 561 m), 11 December 2006, G. Zheng leg.
From Latin fuscus (dark), in reference to the dark carapace; adjective.
Similar to S. minutus Song & Chai, 1991 (see
Male (holotype). Total length 5.30, CL 2.80, CW 2.35, AL 2.50, AW 1.60. Eye measurements: AME 0.48, ALE 0.30, PME 0.06, PLE 0.29, AER 1.75, PER 1.60, EFL 1.30. Clypeus height 0.31 high. Legs: I 4.50 (1.50, 0.75, 1.00, 0.75, 0.50); II 6.85 (1.50, 0.65, 0.95, 0.70, 0.50); III 5.35 (1.80, 0.70, 1.15, 1.15, 0.55); IV 5.85 (2.00, 0.75, 1.25, 1.25, 0.60).
Carapace dark, moderately high and slightly broadened posteriorly (Fig.
Female. Unknown.
Known only from the type locality.
The manuscript benefitted greatly from comments by Yuri M. Marusik (Magadan, Russia), Galina N. Azarkina (Novosibirsk, Russia) and Dmitri Logunov (Manchester, UK). Sarah Crews (Oakland, USA) kindly checked the English of the manuscript. This study was supported by the Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences (2015CASEABRI005, Y4ZK111B01) and the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (NSFC-31272280, 31471960, 31530067). MŻ’s contribution is a part of 18/91/S project supported by his university.