Research Article |
Corresponding author: Christopher H. Dietrich ( chdietri@illinois.edu ) Academic editor: Mick Webb
© 2016 Yuehua Song, Zizhong Li, Christopher H. Dietrich.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Song Y, Li Z, Dietrich CH (2016) A new erythroneurine leafhopper genus from Thailand (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae), with description of three new species. ZooKeys 595: 7-16. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.595.8159
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A new genus of tribe Erythroneurini from Thailand, Thaioneura gen. n., including three new species: Thaioneura nigrilinea sp. n. (type species), Thaioneura sinuata sp. n. and Thaioneura suphanburia sp. n., is described and illustrated and a key to species is provided. The new genus exhibits a pattern of interspecific variation in the hind wing venation that has not been observed in other genera of the tribe.
Homoptera , Auchenorrhyncha , morphology, taxonomy, new taxa
The tribe Erythroneurini Young (1952) is the largest tribe in the subfamily Typhlocybinae, comprising 193 genera and 1848 described species worldwide (
Morphological terminology used in this work follows
Thaioneura nigrilinea sp. n.
Vertex with single dark medial spot at apex. Forewing with symmetrical, multilobed, transcommissural brown longitudinal marking.
Head in dorsal view roundly produced, slightly longer medially than next to eye, wider than pronotum. Face with anteclypeus of male broader and more convex than that of female. Pronotum broad, moderately long, with posterior margin concave. Mesonotum with basal triangles and scutellar suture distinct. Forewing with inner apical cell wide, base oblique; outer apical cell very short; second apical cell widened distally; claval vein not delimited. Hind wing with CuA either confluent with MP for short distance and separate distally (Fig.
Male 2S abdominal apodemes large, broad, extended to or beyond middle of 4th sternite.
Male genitalia. Male pygofer side with posterodorsal margin bluntly angulate, dorsal appendage movably articulated basally, tapered distally, not extended beyond pygofer apex; ventral appendage long, slender, rugose, extended along posteroventral margin of lobe to point slightly beyond posterodorsal apex of lobe; basolateral setae distinctly enlarged, long fine setae sparse; microtrichia near posterodorsal margin well developed. Subgenital plate narrow in lateral view, broad basally and tapered distally in ventral view, without angulate basolateral projection and stout basolateral setae, with 4–5 macrosetae near lateral margin medially and row of short rigid microsetae from middle to subapex, apex darkly pigmented. Style with apex truncate and slightly expanded, preapical lobe prominent but not acutely angulate, base slim in lateral view. Connective central lobe broad, lateral arms short, stem long. Aedeagus with dorsal apodeme expanded laterad, shaft arched near base in lateral view, gonopore terminal, on ventral surface.
Thailand.
The new genus is similar to Balanda Dworakowska, 1979 and Tautoneura Anufriev, 1969 in body shape, the presence of both dorsal and ventral appendages and a group of long stout basolateral macrosetae on the male pygofer, and the presence of a median anterior lobe on the connective, but differs in having the apex of the style truncate, the subgenital plate with reduced chaetotaxy basolaterally and the smoky brown commissural markings on the forewings. The latter color pattern, which is very unusual among Erythroneurini, closely resembles that of the type species of Jalalia
The new genus name was formed by combining the name of the country in which all known specimens were collected, “Thailand” with the common suffix for generic names in this tribe, “-neura”. The gender is feminine.
1 | Aedeagal shaft with processes | 2 |
– | Aedeagal shaft without process (Figs |
Thaioneura sinuata sp. n. |
2 | Aedeagal shaft with pair of sub-apical processes (Figs |
Thaioneura suphanburia sp. n. |
– | Aedeagal shaft without sub-apical process (Figs |
Thaioneura nigrilinea sp. n. |
Male length 2.3–2.4 mm.
Vertex milky yellow, with indistinct reddish cruciform mark medially; coronal suture weakly delimited (Fig.
Hind wing vein CuA confluent with MP for short distance, then diverging and joining CuP near apex (Fig.
Male abdominal apodemes extended to middle of 4th sternite (Fig.
Pygofer side with dorsal appendage falcate; ventrolateral setal group with 4 macrosetae (Fig.
Holotype: ♂, Thailand, Chaiyaphum, Tat Tone NP Dry Dipterocarp Forest, 15°59.037'N; 102°2.103'E, 250 m, Malaise trap, 21–28.vi.2006, coll. Lumyai Ittichan. Paratypes: 1♂, Thailand, Sakon Nakhon, Phu Phan NP, Behind national park office, 17°3.488'N;103°58.497'E, 318 m, Malaise trap, 5–11.i.2007, coll. Sailom Tongboonchai; 4♂♂, Thailand, Kanchanaburi, Khuean Srinagarindra NP, Behind tourist center, 14°38.155'N; 98°59.85'E, 210 m, Malaise trap, 11–18.ix.2008, coll. Chatchawan & Boonkam; 3♂♂, Thailand, Kanchanaburi, Khuean Srinagarindra NP, Huai Mae Kamint/50m/SW of Tourist center, 14°29.972'N; 98°53.035'E, Malaise trap, 18–25.ix.2008, coll. Somboon & Daorueng; 1♂, Thailand, Kanchanaburi, Khuean Srinagarindra NP, Huai Mae Kamint/Head Quarter, 14°38.123'N; 98°59.657'E, Malaise trap, 9–16.x.2008, coll. Somboon & Daorueng; 1♂, Thailand, Suphanburi, Pu Toei NP, Huai-Tapern/next to waterfall, 14°58.934'N; 99°19.31'E, Malaise trap, 14–21.xi.2008, coll. Wangkum P.
This species can be distinguished from the other species of this genus by the pair of fingerlike aedeagal processes, the short preatrium and the expanded apex of aedeagal shaft in lateral view (Figs
The specific name is derived from the Latin words “nigra” (black) and “linea” (line), referring to the brown longitudinal marking on the fore wing (Fig.
Male length 2.2–2.3 mm, female length 2.3–2.4 mm.
Color pattern very similar to that of Thaioneura nigrilinea (Fig.
Hind wing vein CuA completely confluent with MP distally, CuP free distally (Fig.
Male abdominal apodemes extended to hind margin of 4th sternite (Fig.
Pygofer dorsal appendage slender, digitiform, only weakly curved ventrad, with one large basolateral macroseta (Fig.
Holotype: ♂, Thailand, Sakon Nakhon, Phu Phan NP, Dry evergreen near house no.1567, 16°48.627'N; 103°53.511'E, 512 m, Malaise trap, 4–10.vi.2007, coll. Winlon Kongnara. Paratypes: 3♂♂, Thailand, Phetchabun, Khao Kho NP Mix deciduous, 16°39.589'N; 101°8.185'E, 168 m, Malaise trap, 5–12.i.2007, coll. Somchai Chachumnan & Saink Singtong; 6♂♂, Thailand, Suphanburi, Pu Toei NP Huai Mongpae/red road, 14°56.985'N; 99°26.78'E, 300 m, Malaise trap, 16-23.vii.2008, coll. Saunbua.L.; 5♂♂, Thailand, Kanchanaburi, Khuean Srinagarindra NP, Huai Mae Kamint/50m/SW of Tourist center, 14°29.972'N; 98°53.035'E, Malaise trap, 18–25.ix.2008, coll. Somboon & Daorueng; 3♂♂, Thailand, Chaiyaphum, Tat Tone NP Pha Eang waterfall, 15°57.24'N; 101°54.72'E, 301 m, Malaise trap, 12–19.iv.2007, coll. Tawit Jaruphan.
This species is similar to Thaioneura nigrilinea on external appearance and genital structures, but can be distinguished by the aedeagal shaft without processes, the longer preatrium (Figs
The specific name is derived from the Latin word “sinuate” (curved in and out), referring to the sinuate aedeagal shaft in lateral view (Fig.
Male length 2.3 mm.
Color similar to other congeners (Fig.
Hind wing vein CuA completely confluent with MP distally, CuP free distally (Fig.
Male abdominal apodemes extended to hind margin of 4th sternite (Fig.
Pygofer dorsal appendage digitiform, but short; ventrolateral setal group with 4 macrosetae (Fig.
Holotype: ♂, Thailand, Suphanburi, Pu Toei NP Phu Toei hill top/road, 14°57.32'N; 99°26.972'E, 650 m, Malaise trap, 24–31.viii.2008, coll. Saunbua. L. Paratype: 1♂, same data as holotype.
This species can be distinguished from the other species of this genus by the two pairs of aedeagal processes, the short preatrium and the truncate apex of the aedeagal shaft in ventral view (Figs
This new species is named from the type locality, Suphanburi, Thailand.
Study of 31 leafhopper specimens representing 3 new species revealed that the new genus described here exhibits two different patterns of hind wing venation that are stable within species but variable between species. Hind wing vein CuA of Thaioneura nigrilinea separates from MP distally and is connected to CuP near the wing apex (Fig.
We are indebted to Dr. D. A. Dmitriev (Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois, USA) for his detailed remarks and suggestions on the manuscript. We also thank Dr. Viraktamath, C. A. (University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore, India) for reviewing the manuscript as one of the referees. The study was partly supported by the Key Project in the National Key Technology R&D Program of China during the Twelfth Five-year Plan Period (2011BAC09B01-08), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31301866), the Chinese Government Scholarship Sponsoring Study Abroad (201308525113), the Special Foundation for the Excellent Youth Science and Technology Scholars of Guizhou Province (Qian Ke He Ren Zi, No. [2015] 17) and the Natural Science Research Project of Education Department of Guizhou Province (Qian Jiao He KY Zi, No. [2015] 357).