Review Article |
Corresponding author: Ming-fu Wang ( wangmingfu403@163.com ) Corresponding author: Dong Zhang ( ernest8445@163.com ) Academic editor: Pierfilippo Cerretti
© 2016 Ming-fu Wang, Wei LI, Wei-bing Zhu, Dong Zhang.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Wang M-f, Li W, Zhu W-b, Zhang D (2016) Review of the Fannia postica-group Chillcott, 1961 of the genus Fannia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, with description of two new species from the Palearctic and Oriental regions (Diptera, Fanniidae). ZooKeys 598: 113-128. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.598.7983
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A total of 17 species of the Fannia postica-group Chillcott, 1961 from the Palearctic and Oriental regions are reviewed herein, 2 of which are described from China as new: Fannia ningxiaensis Wang & Zhang, sp. n. and Fannia subaethiops Wang & Zhu, sp. n.. Fannia labidocerca Feng & Xue, 2006, originally placed in F. serena-group Chillcott, 1961, is moved to the postica-group and re-described. An identification key to the males of known species from these regions is provided.
Species transference, F. serena-group, identification key, new Chinese species
The Fannia postica-group was established in the genus Fannia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 by
At the end of the nineteenth century,
Asian species of the F. postica-group were mainly reported on by
The biological characteristics of these species have never been fully studied. The study of specimens in our entomological collections has revealed that the majority of species in the group occur in wooded or shrubby habitats. According to
In this paper, we review 17 known Palearctic and Oriental species belonging to the F. postica-group. Based on an extensive literature search and study of dry specimens, a key to the identification of males of known species from these regions is given, and two new species from China are described. One species, F. labidocerca Feng & Xue, 2006, is transferred from the F. serena-group to the F. postica-group and re-described. Illustrations of the male terminalia are included.
The morphological terminology used in this paper follows
The following abbreviations are used for characters throughout the text: acr = acrostichal seta(e), ad = anterodorsal seta(e), av = anteroventral seta(e), d = dorsal seta(e), dc = dorsocentral seta(e), ia = intra-alar seta(e), p = posterior seta(e), pd = posterodorsal seta(e), pra = prealar seta(e), and pv = posteroventral seta(e).
Fanniapostica
-group:
For a diagnosis of the group see
1 | Hind femur with at least 2 av in distal half (Fannia postica-subgroup) | 2 |
– | Hind femur with only 1 av in distal half (Fannia spathiophora-subgroup) | 5 |
2 | Pra 1; hind coxa with setulae on posterior surface | Fannia discoculea Xue |
– | Pra 2; hind coxa bare on posterior surface | 3 |
3 | Mid first tarsomere without a basal tooth-like spine on ventral surface; hind femur with 4 to 6 av in distal half; calypters yellow | Fannia postica (Stein) |
– | Mid first tarsomere with a basal tooth-like spine on ventral surface; hind femur with only 2 av in distal half; calypters blackish | 4 |
4 | Hind femur without distinct pv, and with 3 to 5 av in distal half | Fannia labidocerca Feng & Xue |
– | Hind femur with 7 or 8 pv in distal half, and with 2 av in distal half | Fannia ringdahlana Collin |
5 | Hind coxa with setulae on posterior surface; pra 2 (rarely 3); frontal setae 7 to 9; mid first tarsomere with a basal tooth-like spine on ventral surface | Fannia coculea Nishida |
– | Hind coxa bare on posterior surface | 6 |
6 | Fore tibia with 7 to 9 slender pv | Fannia spathiophora Malloch |
– | Fore tibia without slender pv | 7 |
7 | Hind femur without distinct pv; haltere brown | Fannia nudifemorata Wang & Zhang |
– | Hind femur with pv | 8 |
8 | Hind femur with 3 to 5 pv in distal half | 9 |
– | Hind femur with 7 to 14 pv in distal half | 13 |
9 | Abdomen at least yellowish in basal part | Fannia gotlandica Ringdahl |
– | Abdomen entirely black | 10 |
10 | Mid first tarsomere with a stout basal tooth-like spine on ventral surface | Fannia stigi Rognes |
– | Mid first tarsomere with a weak basal tooth-like spine on ventral surface | 11 |
11 | Syntergite 1+2 and tergites 3–4 each with a dark median stripe | Fannia aethiops Malloch |
– | Syntergite 1+2 and tergites 3–4 each with an inverted T-shaped dark mark | 12 |
12 | Frons, at its narrowest point, about as wide as anterior ocellus; pra short and weak, the anterior one about 1/2 as long as the length of posterior notopleural seta | Fannia ardua Nishida |
– | Frons, at its narrowest point, slightly wider than the distance between outer margins of posterior ocelli; pra slightly stout, the anterior one about 2/3 as long as the length of posterior notopleural seta | Fannia subaethiops Wang & Zhu, sp. n. |
13 | Postocular setae in 2 rows | 14 |
– | Postocular setae in one row | 15 |
14 | Acr mainly triserial; mid tibia strongly flattened and with a posteroventral ridge | Fannia bigelowi Chillcott |
– | Acr mainly biserial; mid tibia not strongly flattened and without a posteroventral ridge | Fannia ningxiaensis Wang & Zhang, sp. n. |
15 | Scutum entirely black; bacilliform process long and only bent ventrally | Fannia umbratica Collin |
– | Scutum with thin grayish pollinosity; bacilliform process long or short, twisted | 16 |
16 | Hind femur with 10 to 15 stout pv; bacilliform process short | Fannia umbrosa (Stein) |
– | Hind femur with 5 stout pv; bacilliform process long | Fannia slovaca Gregor & Rozkošný |
Fannia aethiops Malloch, 1913: 628.
Fannia
aethiops
:
China: Jilin: 1 male, Mt. Changbai, 42.33°N, 127.27°E, 22.VI.1980, Coll. Z.Y. Ma (IESNU). Shanxi: 1 male, Ningwu, Mt. Luya, 38.73°N, 111.93°E, 12.VI.1987, Coll. M.F. Wang (IESNU).
Nearctic: throughout Canada, USA (Alaska, North Carolina, south to California); Palearctic: China (Jilin, Neimenggu, Shanxi), Sweden.
Fannia ardua Nishida, 1976: 135.
Fannia
ardua
:
China: Jilin: 1 male, Mt. Changbai, 42.33°N, 127.27°E, 10.VII.1998 (IESNU).
Palearctic: China (Jilin), Japan.
Fannia bigelowi Chillcott, 1961: 115.
Fannia
bigelowi
:
Nearctic: Canada, USA (Alaska); Palearctic: Norway.
Fannia coculea Nishida, 1975: 368.
Fannia
cocula
:
Oriental: China (Taiwan).
Fannia discoculea Xue, 1998: 815.
Fannia
discoculea
:
Holotype male: China, Xinjiang, Jakesi, 43.82°N, 81.12°E, 6.VIII.1957, Coll. G. Wang (IESNU).
Palearctic: China (Xinjiang).
Fannia gotlandica Ringdahl, 1926: 106.
Fannia
gotlandica
:
Palearctic: throughout Europe.
Fannia labidocerca Feng & Xue, 2006: 217.
MALE. Body length 4.8 mm. Eye with short and distant hairs or bare; postocular setae in 2 rows, those of the anterior row sparse and long, curved anteriorly, those of the posterior row short; fronto-orbital plate and parafacial with silvery-white pollinosity; frons at narrowest point slightly wider than the distance between outer margins of posterior ocelli; frontal vitta black, at narrowest point about as wide as fronto-orbital plate; frontal setae 12, stout, situated on the lower 4/5 of frons, orbital setae absent; parafacial bare, at middle about 1/3 as wide as the width of postpedicel; antenna black, postpedicel about 2.0 to 2.5x as long as wide, arista ciliated, the longest individual hairs shorter than aristal base; epistoma not projecting beyond vibrissal angle, vibrissal angle behind frontal angle in profile; genal height about 1/14 of eye height; prementum shining, about 3.0x as long as wide; palpus dark brown, claviform, slightly shorter than prementum. Thorax ground-color black, notum with dark brown pollinosity; presutural acr biserial, long, one pair of them slightly stout, only prescutellar pairs stout, dc 2+3, ia 0+2, pra 2, about 2/5 of length of posterior notopleural seta; notopleuron bare; basisternum, proepisternum, anepimeron, meron and katepimeron bare; katepisternal setae 1+1, katepisternum without a ventral spine; spiracles brown; calypters mostly brown or brownish, brownish on the outer margin, the lower one small and tongue-like, about 1/2 as long as the upper one. Wing brownish; veins and wing-base yellow; basicosta brownish-yellow; costal spine inconspicuous; node of Rs bare on ventral and dorsal surfaces; vein M1+2 straight, parallel to vein R4+5 distally; crossveins not clouded; haltere brown in basal part, yellowish at middle and dark brown in distal part. Legs entirely black, sometimes dark brown or brown; fore tibia without p; mid coxa without any hook-like spine or spine-like seta; mid femur concave on ventral surface in apical part, becoming swollen from distal 1/3 towards basal part, with a row of av, stout in basal part, becoming shorter and denser in distal 1/4, with a cluster of spine-like setae in distal 1/3, a complete row of ad, slightly short (Fig.
Fannia labidocerca Feng & Xue, 2006, male, holotype: (A−F in figure 1 without scale are all from Feng & Xue 2006, specimen from Sichuan, deposited in IESNU). A Mid leg, anterior view B Sternite 5, ventral view C Sternite 9, ventral view. D. Abdomen, dorsal view E Terminalia, ventral view F Terminalia, lateral view.
FEMALE. Unknown.
Holotype male: China, Sichuan, Emeishan, Mt. Emei, 29.59°N, 103.30°E, 3099 m, 22.VI.1984, Coll. Y. Feng (IESNU). Paratypes: 1 male, China, Sichuan, Yaan, Hanyuan, Mt. Jiaoding, 3550 m, 8.VII.1987, Coll. Y. Feng (IESNU); 1 male, China, Yunnan, Lushui, Pianma, Mt. Gaoligong, 2400 m, 24.VI.2010, Coll. Y.Y. Zhou (IESNU).
Oriental: China (Yunnan); Palearctic: China (Shaanxi, Sichuan).
MALE. Body length 4.0 mm. Eye bare; postocular setae in one row, slender and curved anteriorly, occipital setae situated behind the postocular setae on vertex and in one row; fronto-orbital plate and parafacial with grayish-silvery pollinosity; frons at narrowest point slightly narrower than the distance between outer margins of posterior ocelli, about 2/3 as wide as postpedicel; frontal vitta black, linear at narrowest point; frontal setae 7 to 9, stout, nearly reaching ocellar triangle, the gaps between them without setulae; orbital setae absent; parafacial bare and narrow, at middle about 2/5 of width of postpedicel; antenna black, postpedicel about 1.5x as long as wide, arista black and ciliated, slightly swollen in basal part, the longest individual hairs shorter than aristal base; epistoma not projecting beyond vibrissal angle, vibrissal angle behind frontal angle in profile; subvibrissal setulae in one row, lateral of it with 2 or 3 fine setae; gena and genal dilation with black setulae, upper margin of gena without upcurved setae; prementum with thin grayish pollinosity, slightly shining, about 2.3x as long as wide; palpus black, claviform, about as long as prementum. Thorax ground-color black, notum with thin dark brown pollinosity, without a distinct vitta; presutural acr biserial, slightly stout, prescutellar pairs stout, the distance between the 2 rows of acr narrower than the distance between rows of acr and dc; dc 2+3, ia 0+2, pra 2, the anterior one about 3/5 as long as posterior notopleural seta; notopleuron bare; proepisternal setae 2, proepimeral seta 1, with about 10 slender setulae around it; basisternum, proepisternum, anepimeron, meron and katepimeron bare; katepisternal setae 1+1, katepisternum without a ventral spine, with only some fine and curved setae; anterior spiracle brown, posterior spiracle dark brown; calypters brownish with yellow-brownish margin, the lower calypter slightly smaller than the upper one and not projecting beyond the upper one. Wing brownish; veins brown; wing-base of similar color to other parts of wing; tegula black; basicosta brown; costal spine inconspicuous; node of Rs bare on ventral and dorsal surfaces; vein R4+5 straight, parallel to vein M1+2 distally; crossveins not distinctly clouded; haltere brownish-yellow. Legs entirely black; fore coxa without a spine on anterior ventral surface; fore femur with a complete row of pv; fore tibia without ad and median p, and with only one stout preapical d; fore first tarsomere with several longish basal setae on ventral surface; mid coxa without a hook-like spine or spine-like seta; mid femur with 6 to 8 stout av in basal part, becoming gradually shorter and denser towards apex, with a gap in preapical part, 2 to 4 comb-like setae in distal part, and with a row of stout pv, slightly biserial in median part, with a gap in preapical part, with 4 or 5 comb-like setae in distal part, and with a row of slender p; mid tibia slightly swollen in distal half, with one ad and one pd in distal half, and with numerous slender setulae on ventral surface, the longest one about 3/4 of mid tibial width in distal part; mid first tarsomere without a basal tooth-like spine on ventral surface, and with only short basal clustered setulae; hind coxa bare on posterior surface; hind femur with only one stout av in preapical part, with 8 to 10 stout pv in distal half; hind tibia with one av, one ad, and one median d, and with 8 or 9 slightly erect median setae on posterior surface. Abdomen oval and flattened, ground-color black, with dense grayish-blue pollinosity; syntergite 1+2 and tergites 3–4 each with one dark broad median triangular vitta, tergite 5 with one dark median stripe in basal part; sternite 1 with setulae, sternite 5 broad (Fig.
FEMALE. Unknown.
The new species is attributed to the spathiophora-subgroup of the postica-group. It can be distinguished from a similar European species, Fannia stigi Rognes, 1982, by the following character states: mid first tarsomere with only short basal clustered setulae on ventral surface; hind femur with 8 to 10 stout pv in distal half; abdominal syntergite 1+2 and tergites 3–4 each with one dark broad median triangular vitta; apex of cercal plate projecting, large and rounded in ventral view (Fig.
The specific name is derived from name of the type locality, Ningxia.
Holotype male: China, Ningxia, Guyuan, Jingyuan, Dongshanpo, 2200 m, 27.VI.2008, Coll. M.F. Wang (IESNU). Paratype: 1 male, China, Ningxia, Guyuan, Jingyuan, Dongshanpo, 2000 m, 27.VI.2008, Coll. M.F. Wang (IESNU).
Palearctic: China (Ningxia).
Fannia nudifemorata Wang & Zhang, 2011: 12.
Holotype male: China, Yunnan, Yulongxueshan, 27.09°N, 100.25°E, 3200 m, 24.V.2007, Coll. W.X. Dong (IESNU). Paratype: 1 male, same locality and time, Coll. S.C. Bai (IESNU).
Oriental: China (Yunnan).
Fannia postica Stein, 1895: 89.
Fannia
postica
:
China: Heilongjiang: 2 male, Xilinji, 53.48°N, 122.37°E, 19.VI.1986, Coll. C.Y. Cui (IESNU).
Nearctic: throughout North America; Palearctic: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, China (Heilongjiang), Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, former Yugoslavia, France, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Norway, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom (England).
Fannia ringdahlana Collin, 1939: 143.
Fannia
ringdahlana
:
China: Jilin: 2 male, Mt. Changbai, Xiaotianchi, 42.58°N, 128.30°E, 25.VII.1982, Coll. L.Y. Gao (IESNU); 2 male, Mt. Changbai, 42.33°N, 127.27°E, 18.VII.1988, [collector unknown]. Shanxi: 1 male, Ningwu, Mt. Luya, 38.73°N, 111.93°E, 12.VI.1987, Coll. M.F. Wang (IESNU). Sichuan: 2 male, Jiuzaigou, 33.26°N, 103.91°E, 2800 m, 1.VI.2006, Coll. Y. Zhu (IESNU); 3 male, same locality, 2.VI.2006, Coll. D. Jing (IESNU); 9 male, same locality, 3.VI.2006, Coll. D. Wang (IESNU); 1 male, Daocheng, Kasi, 29.04°N, 100.31°E, 2750–3000 m, 12.VII.2006, Coll. C.T. Zhang (IESNU). Yunnan: 1 male, Deqin, Mt. Meili, 28.49°N, 98.93°E, 4000–4200 m, 2.VII.2006, Coll. Y. Wang (IESNU); 1 male, Xianggelila, Bitahai, 27.80°N, 99.90°E, 3700 m, 2.VII.2006, Coll. B.F. Wang (IESNU); 5 male, same locality and time, Coll. L. Chang (IESNU); 5 male, same locality and time, Coll. M.F. Wang (IESNU).
Oriental: China (Taiwan, Yunnan); Palearctic: China (Jilin, Shanxi, Sichuan), Japan, Sweden, United Kingdom.
Fannia spathiophora Malloch, 1918: 294.
Fannia
spathiophora
:
China: Heilongjiang: 1 male, Wuying, 48.11°N, 129.24°E, 16.VII.1977, Coll. C.Y. Cui (IESNU); 1 male, Guyuan, 50.58°N, 123.70°E, 26.VI.1980, Coll. C.Y. Cui (IESNU); 1 male, Bizhou, 51.94°N, 124.60°E, 13.VII.1980 [collector unknown] (IESNU). Jilin: 1 male, Baihe, 42.58°N, 128.04°E, 20.VI.1980, Coll. Z.Y. Ma (IESNU); 1 male, Mt. Changbai, 42.33°N, 127.27°E, 19.VII.1986 [collector unknown] (IESNU); 1 male, Mt. Changbai, 42.33°N, 127.27°E, 15.VII.1990 [collector unknown] (IESNU). Liaoning: 2 male, Xinbin, Gangshan, 41.72°N, 125.02°E, -.VI.1981, Coll. Z.Y. Ma (IESNU); 1 male, same locality, 08.IX.1990, [collector unknown] (IESNU); 2 male, Benxi, Yanghugou, 41.30°N, 123.73°E, 01.VII.1993, Coll. Y.S. Cui (IESNU); 1 male, same locality, 01.VII.1993, Coll. C.T. Zhang (IESNU); 1 male, Huanren, 41.27°N, 125.35°E, 09.VI.1994, Coll. D. Wei (IESNU); 3 male, Qianshan, 41.03°N, 123.13°E, 25.VI.2007, Coll. M.F. Wang (IESNU). Shanxi: 1 male, Hunyuan, 39.70°N, 113.68°E, 12.VII.1985, Coll. M.F. Wang (IESNU).
Nearctic: Canada (Labrador, Northwest Territories, Ontario), USA (Alaska, south to Arizona & New Mexico, Minnesota); Palearctic: China (Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Shanxi), throughout Europe, Japan.
Fannia slovaca Gregor & Rozkošný, 2005: 519.
Palearctic: Slovakia.
Fannia stigi Rognes, 1982: 325.
Fannia
stigi
:
Fannia
tigripeda
:
China: Jilin: Mt. Changbai, 42.33°N, 127.27°E, 1700 m, 28.VI.1997, Coll. W.Q. Xue (IESNU). Shanxi: 1 male, Ningwu, 38.73°N, 111.93°E, 07.VI.1982, Coll. M.F. Wang (IESNU).
Palearctic: China (Jilin, Shanxi), Norway, Sweden.
MALE. Body length 5.0 mm. Eye bare; upper inner facets larger than the remaining facets; postocular setae in one row, short and neatly arranged, occipital setae absent; fronto-orbital plate and parafacial with grayish-silvery pollinosity; frons at narrowest point slightly wider than the distance between outer margins of posterior ocelli, about as wide as postpedicel; frontal vitta black, with grayish-silvery pollinosity, at narrowest point about as wide as fronto-orbital plate; frontal setae 5, stout, nearly reaching ocellar triangle, the gaps between them without setulae, orbital setae absent; parafacial bare, at middle about 1/2 as wide as postpedicel; antenna black, postpedicel about 1.5x as long as wide, arista ciliated, slightly swollen in basal part, the longest individual hairs shorter than aristal base; epistoma not projecting beyond vibrissal angle, vibrissal angle behind frontal angle in profile; subvibrissal setulae in one row, lateral of it with several setae; gena and genal dilation with black setulae, upper margin of gena without upcurved setae; prementum shining, without distinct pollinosity, about 2.0x as long as wide; palpus black, claviform, slightly longer than prementum. Thorax ground-color black, notum with dark brown pollinosity, without a distinct vitta; presutural acr biserial, slightly stout, only prescutellar pairs stout, the distance between 2 rows of acr narrower than the distance between rows of acr and dc; dc 2+3, ia 0+2, pra 2, the anterior one stout, about 2/3 as the length of posterior notopleural seta; notopleuron bare; proepisternal setae 2, proepimeral seta 1, lower part of proepimeral seta with one short setula; basisternum, proepisternum, anepimeron, meron and katepimeron bare; katepisternal setae 1+1, katepisternum without a ventral spine; spiracles brown; calypters brownish-yellow, the lower one slightly projecting beyond the upper one. Wing brownish; veins dark brown; wing-base of same color as other parts of wing; tegula dark brown; basicosta brownish-yellow; costal spine conspicuous, about 2/3 of the length of crossvein r-m; node of Rs bare on ventral and dorsal surfaces; vein R4+5 straight, veins M1+2 and R4+5 converging distally; crossveins not clouded; haltere brown. Legs entirely black, except knees yellow; fore coxa without a anterior spine on ventral surface; fore femur with a stout row of pv; fore tibia without ad and median p, with only one d and one v in apical part; fore first tarsomere with few longish basal setae on ventral surface; mid coxa without a hook-like spine or spine-like seta; mid femur with a row of stout and sparse av in basal half, becoming shorter and denser towards apex, with a gap in preapical part, 2 or 3 comb-like setae in distal part, a complete row of stout pv, slightly biserial in median part, and a row of slender p; mid tibia slightly narrowing in basal half, gradually swollen towards apex, about 2.0x as wide in distal part as wide in basal part, with one ad and one pd in distal half, and with numerous slender setulae on ventral surface, the longest one about 3/4 as long as mid tibial width in distal part; mid first tarsomere without a basal tooth-like spine on ventral surface, with only short basal clustered setulae; hind coxa bare on posterior surface; hind femur with only one stout av and 3 or 4 pv in preapical part; hind tibia with one av, one ad and one d. Abdomen long and flattened, ground-color black, with grayish-brown pollinosity; syntergite 1+2 and tergites 3–4 each with an inverted T-shaped dark mark, each tergite with stout lateral marginal setae; sternite 1 broad, with 4 long setae on each lateral margin, sternites 2 to 4 narrow, with long setulae, sternite 5 with slightly dense setae in posterior margin; cercal plate longish, from ventral view, cercal plate slightly indented in each lateral margin, middle part of cercal plate strongly broader than the apex and the basal part (Fig.
FEMALE. Unknown.
The new taxon is similar to the holarctic species F. aethiops Malloch, 1913 but differs from it for the following character states: frontal setae only 5; anterior pra about 2/3 as long as posterior notopleural seta; sternite 1 with 4 long setae on each lateral margin; in ventral view, cercal plate broadest in median part, slightly indented in each lateral margin (Fig.
This specific name refers to the similarity between the new species and F. aethiops Malloch.
Holotype male: China, Heilongjiang, Yichun, Wuying, 3.V.1975, Coll. S.Y. Fang (SHEM).
Palearctic: China (Heilongjiang).
Fannia umbratica Collin, 1939: 144.
Fannia
umbratica
:
Palearctic: throughout Europe.
Fannia umbrosa (Stein, 1895): 75.
Fannia
umbrosa
:
Palearctic: throughout Europe.
Sincere thanks to Dr. Adrian C. Pont (Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Oxford, U.K.), Dr. Rudolf Rozkošný (Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic), and Dr. Kazumi Nishida (Kobe Institute of Health, Kobe, Japan) for giving us invaluable help for many years. This study was supported by the Director Foundation of the National Nature Science Foundation of China (No. 31272347, No. 31071957), and the Director Fund of Ecology and Environment Research Centre, Shenyang Normal University (No. EERC-K-201401).