Research Article |
Corresponding author: Feng Zhang ( xtmtd.zf@gmail.com ) Academic editor: Louis Deharveng
© 2016 Heng Xu, Feng Zhang.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Xu H, Zhang F (2016) New blind species and new records of Sinella from Nanjing, China (Collembola, Entomobryidae). ZooKeys 604: 31-40. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.604.7902
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Two new blind species of Sinella are described from Nanjing, China. Sinella quinseta sp. n. from Purple Mountain possesses unique 5+5 central macrochaetae on Abd. II, and can be distinguished from other species of the genus by the postlabial chaetae and the dorsal chaetotaxy. Sinella qixiaensis sp. n. from Qixia Mountain is characterized by the paddle-like S-chaetae of Ant. III organ and the smooth straight chaetae on the manubrium and base of dens; it differs from two closely related species by the smooth manubrial chaetae, the labial chaetae, the Ant. III organ, and the macrochaetae on Abd. II. Sinella fuyanensis Chen & Christiansen and Sinella quinocula Chen & Christiansen were also newly recorded from Nanjing.
Springtail, eyeless, Sinella quinseta sp. n., Sinella qixiaensis sp. n.
The genus Sinella has a worldwide distribution, and is particularly abundant in China.
Specimens were cleared in Nesbitt’s fluid, mounted under a coverslip in Marc André II solution, and studied using a Nikon E80i microscope. The labial chaetae terminology follows Gisin’s system (
Th. thoracic segment
Abd. abdominal segment
Ant. antennal segment
mac macrochaeta/ae
mic microchaeta/ae
ms S-microchaeta/ae
sens ordinary tergal S-chaeta/ae
Holotype: ♀ on slide, China, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Purple Mountain, Tomb of Liao Zhongkai and his wife He Xiangning, 32.056°N, 118.830°E, altitude 38 m, 10 April 2009, Feng Zhang and Daoyuan YU leg. (# C9581). Paratypes: 1 ♂ and 4 ♀♀ on slides and 5 juveniles in alcohol, same data as holotype.
Named after the unique 5+5 central mac on Abd. II in this new species.
No eyes. Two internal sens of Ant. III organ expanded. Long smooth straight chaetae absent on antennae. Clypeal chaetae 7(5). Postlabial chaetae X, X2 and X4 ciliate. No “smooth” inner differentiated tibiotarsal chaetae. Tenent hairs clavate. Manubrium without smooth chaetae. Tergal ms as 1, 0|1, 0, 0, 0. Abd. II with 5+5 central mac. Abd. IV with 5+5 central and 5+5 lateral mac.
Body length up to 1.17 mm. Body pale in alcohol.
Antenna 1.69–1.80 times as long as cephalic diagonal. Antennal segments ratio as I : II : III : IV = 1 : 2.00–2.17 : 1. 82–1.90 : 3.12–3.18. Smooth spiny mic at base of antennae 3 dorsal, 3 ventral on Ant. I, 1 internal, 1 external and 1 ventral on Ant. II. Ant. II distally with 1 rod-like S-chaeta. Two internal sens of Ant. III organ expanded (Fig.
Eyes absent. Prelabral and labral chaetae 4/ 5, 5, 4, all smooth; the three median chaetae of the row a longer than lateral ones (Fig.
Sinella quinseta sp. n. 1Ant. III organ 2 labrum 3 clypeal chaetae (arrow indicates that the chaeta may be absent) 4 dorsal cephalic chaetotaxy 5 maxillary outer lobe 6 lateral process of labial palp E 7 chaetae on the ventral side of head 8 trochanteral organ 9 hind claw 10 anterior face of ventral tube 11 ventral face and lateral flap of ventral tube 12 distal part of anterior face of manubrium 13 manubrial plaque 14 mucro.
Trochanteral organ with 9–13 smooth spiny chaetae; 7–9 in arms and 2–4 between them (Fig.
Th. II with 3 (m1, m2, m2i) medio-medial, three (m4, m4i, m4p) medio-lateral, 20–22 posterior mac, one ms and two sens; ms inner to sens. Th. III with 29–32 mac and two lateral sens; mac a6i absent (Fig.
In decomposing leaves along the roads.
Sinella quinseta sp. n. is characterized by blindness, ciliate postlabial chaeta H1 and 5+5 central mac on Abd. II. It is most similar to S. yunnanica Zhang & Deharveng, 2011 in being blind, its claw structure, the lateral process of labial palp, mucro, and chaetotaxy of head, thorax and Abd. IV, but differs from it in the presence of expanded internal S-chaetae on Ant. III organ, ciliate H2, X, X2 and X4 posterior to labium, 5+5 central mac on Abd. II, and the ventral tube.
Holotype: ♂ on slide, China, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Qixia Mountain, 32.160°N 118.960°E, altitude 114 m, 6 December 2014, Daoyuan Yu and Chunyan Qin leg. (#14NJQX4). Paratype: 4 ♀♀ on slides and 5 in alcohol, same data as holotype.
Named after the type locality.
No eyes. Two internal sens of Ant. III organ paddle-like. Long smooth straight chaetae present on antennae. Clypeal chaetae eight. Postlabial chaetae X and X2–4 ciliate. “Smooth” inner differentiated tibiotarsal chaetae present. Tenent hairs I and II pointed or clavate, and III always clavate. Manubrium with smooth chaetae. Tergal S-microchaetae as 1, 0|1, 0, 0, 0. Abd. II with 4(3) central mac on each side. Abd. IV with 7+7 central and 6+6 lateral mac.
Body length up to 2.01 mm. Body pale in alcohol.
Antenna 2.41–2.68 times as long as cephalic diagonal. Antennal segments ratio as I : II : III : IV = 1 : 1.66–1.96 : 1. 59–1.83 : 2.44–3.00. Smooth spiny mic at base of antennae three dorsal, three ventral on Ant. I, one internal, one external and two ventral on Ant. II. Ant. II distally with two rod-like sens. Two internal sens of Ant. III organ paddle-like (Fig.
Eyes absent. Prelabral and labral chaetae 4/ 5, 5, 4, all smooth; median three chaetae of the row a longer than lateral ones; labral intrusion not U-shaped (Fig.
Trochanteral organ with approximately 24 smooth spiny chaetae; 13–15 in arms and 9–11 between them (Fig.
Th. II with three (m1, m2, m2i) medio-medial, three (m4, m4i, m4p) medio-lateral, 22–24 posterior mac, one ms and two sens; ms inner to sens. Th. III with 30–34 mac and two lateral sens; m5i, a6i, p5, p6, m6 and m6e as mac (Fig.
In decomposing leaves along the roads.
Sinella qixiaensis sp. n. is characterized by blindness, the paddle-like sens of Ant. III organ and abundant smooth chaetae on the manubrium. It is most similar to Sinella insolens Chen & Christiansen, 1993 and Sinella sineocula Chen & Christiansen, 1993. It differs from the former in the presence of smooth manubrial chaetae and the absence of labial chaeta M1s, and also differs from S. sineocula in the presence of smooth manubrial chaetae, the paddle-like sens of Ant. III organ, and the presence of mac m3ei on Abd. II.
Sinella (Sinella) fuyanensis Chen & Christiansen, 1993: 27. Type locality: China (Jiangxi).
♀ on slide and 4 in alcohol, China, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Lao Mountain, Long Cave, 32.051°N, 118.527°E, altitude 112 m, 10 April 2015, Daoyuan YU and Chunyan QIN leg. (# 15NJLS).
Known only from caves.
China (Jiangxi, Jiangsu).
Sinella (Sinella) quinocula Chen & Christiansen, 1993: 24. Type locality: China (Anhui).
♀ on slide and 5 in alcohol, China, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Lao Mountain, Longxing temple, 32.051°N, 118.527°E, altitude 112 m, 10 April 2015, Daoyuan YU and Chunyan QIN leg. (# 15NJLS).
Under stones.
China (Anhui, Jiangsu, Shaanxi).
Thanks are given to Dr. Daoyuan YU and Chunyan QIN, who helped to collect animals. The present study was supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (41501056).