Research Article |
Massimo Olmi‡, Simon van Noort§, Adalgisa Guglielmino‡
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Corresponding author: Simon van Noort ( svannoort@iziko.org.za ) Academic editor: Michael Ohl
© 2016 Massimo Olmi, Simon van Noort, Adalgisa Guglielmino.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Olmi M, van Noort S, Guglielmino A (2016) Contribution to the knowledge of Afrotropical Dryinidae, Embolemidae and Sclerogibbidae (Hymenoptera), with description of new species from Central African Republic and Uganda. ZooKeys 578: 45-95. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.578.7820
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Abstract
An updated checklist of Dryinidae, Embolemidae and Sclerogibbidae from Central African Republic and Uganda is presented. The following new species of Dryinidae are described: from Central African Republic: Anteon dzanganum sp. n. (Anteoninae); from Uganda: Anteon granulatum sp. n., A. kibalense sp. n., A. makererense sp. n., A. mubfs sp. n. (Anteoninae); Bocchus kibalensis sp. n. (Bocchinae); Dryinus kibalus sp. n. (Dryininae); Gonatopus kanyawarus sp. n. (Gonatopodinae). The following species have been recorded for the first time from Central African Republic: Embolemidae: Ampulicomorpha madecassa Olmi, 1999a; Embolemus capensis Olmi, 1997; Dryinidae: Aphelopus mediocarinatus (Benoit, 1951d), A. testaceus Olmi, 1991, A. wittei Benoit, 1951c (Aphelopinae); Anteon cautum Olmi, 1994a, A. evertsi Olmi, 1989, A. gutturnium (Benoit, 1951b), A. inflatrix Benoit, 1951b, A. kivuanum (Benoit, 1951c), A. semajanna Olmi, Copeland & Guglielmino, 2015, A. zairense Benoit, 1951d (Anteoninae); Pseudodryinus townesi (Olmi, 1984) (Dryininae); Echthrodelphax tauricus Ponomarenko, 1970, Gonatopus camerounensis Olmi, 2011, G. kolyadai Olmi, 2007b, Neodryinus antiquus Benoit, 1954, N. tussaci Olmi, 2004b (Gonatopodinae); Sclerogibbidae: Probethylus callani Richards, 1939b; Sclerogibba algerica Benoit, 1963, S. rapax Olmi, 2005a. The following species have been recorded for the first time from Uganda: Embolemidae: Ampulicomorpha magna Olmi, 1996; Dryinidae: Anteon cautum Olmi, 1994a, A. fisheri Olmi, 2003, A. hoyoi Olmi, 1984, A. kivuanum (Benoit, 1951c), A. townesi Olmi, 1984, A. zairense Benoit, 1951d (Anteoninae); Bocchus bini Olmi, 1984 (Bocchinae); Dryinus saussurei (Ceballos, 1936) (Dryininae); Echthrodelphax migratorius Benoit, 1954, Neodryinus tussaci Olmi, 2004b (Gonatopodinae). The following further species has been recorded for the first time from Mali: Sclerogibba algerica Benoit, 1963 (Sclerogibbidae); from Ivory Coast: Adryinus oweni Olmi, 1984 (Gonatopodinae); from Cameroon and South Africa: Gonatopus operosus Olmi, 1993 (Gonatopodinae); from Democratic Republic of the Congo and Zambia: Neodryinus antiquus Benoit, 1954 (Gonatopodinae); from South Africa: Anteon striatum Olmi, 2005b (Anteoninae). Including the above new records, 23 species of Dryinidae (previously six), two species of Embolemidae (previously none) and three species of Sclerogibbidae (previously two) are now known from Central African Republic. For Uganda, 39 species of Dryinidae (previously 23), one species of Embolemidae (previously none) and four species of Sclerogibbidae (previously four) are now known. Additional new faunistic records are provided for Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Mali, South Africa and Zambia.
Keywords
Chrysidoidea , new records, taxonomy, biogeography, Afrotropical Region
Introduction
Dryinidae and Embolemidae (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea) are parasitoids of Auchenorrhyncha (Hemiptera) (
Afrotropical species of the above three families are poorly known. In recent years research investigation has been intensified in Burundi, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique and South Africa (mainly thanks to the efforts of Robert S. Copeland in Burundi and Kenya, Brian L. Fisher in Madagascar, Massimo Olmi in Mozambique and Simon van Noort in South Africa). The above inventory surveys resulted in the descriptions of many new species, and contributed to the publication of updated checklists (
In addition one of the authors (Simon van Noort) extended his research to two of the lesser known Afrotropical countries, Central African Republic and Uganda, where the number of recorded species was particularly low (in the Central Africa Republic, 6 species of Dryinidae, two species of Sclerogibbidae, no species of Embolemidae; in Uganda, 23 species of Dryinidae, one species of Embolemidae and four species of Sclerogibbidae). The subsequent study of the collected material has resulted in the discovery of eight new species described herein and, along with new distributional data for previously described species of these three families, has provided the opportunity to update the checklist of Dryinids, Embolemids and Sclerogibbids known from Central African Republic and Uganda.
Material and methods
Species descriptions follow the terminology used by
Surveyed areas
The Dzanga-Sangha protected area was surveyed in Central African Republic. This area lies north of the equator and is located in the southwest triangle of the country (Sangha-Mbaéré Prefecture) bordered by Cameroon and the Republic of Congo. The Dzanga-Sangha protected area includes the Dzanga-Ndoki National Park (1220 km2), and the Dzanga-Sangha Dense Forest Special Reserve (3359 km2). The latter is a multiple use zone where logging, traditional hunting, safari hunting and extraction of plants are still allowed under controlled conditions. Annual rainfall is about 1500 mm, with average temperatures ranging between 25°and 29°Celsius. There are two peaks to the rainy season with highest precipitation occurring during the “long rains” from September to November and a second peak during the “short rains” in May and June (
Three separate sites within the forest were sampled (named Camps 1-3). Camp 1 was situated at a marsh clearing, Mabéa Bai, in lowland rainforest 21.4km 53°NE Bayanga, 3°02.01'N, 16°24.57'E, 510m, in the Dzanga-Ndoki National. The vegetation in the Bai marsh clearing is dominated by herbaceous plants including abundant sedges (Cyperaceae) and grasses (Graminae). Characteristic trees of the forest margin include Lophira alata and Berlinia grandiflora. Camp 2 was situated in lowland rainforest on the banks of the Sangha River in the Dzanga-Sangha Dense Forest Special Reserve, 12.7km 326°NW Bayanga, 3°00.27'N, 16°11.55'E, 420m. The river is about 500 meters wide at this point and ranges from a depth of 20 cm at the end of the dry season (around March) to as much as 5 meters during the height of the rainy season in September and October when the forests adjacent to the banks are flooded. This seasonally flooded forest has a complex architecture with 15–25 m trees forming a canopy with occasional emergent trees to 40 m with gaps less common; the understorey consists of small trees (5–10 m) with herbs and lianas common, whereas shrubs are almost absent (
In Uganda surveys were undertaken within the vicinity of the
Sampling methods
The Malaise traps were constructed to the specifications of the Townes design (
All types of the Afrotropical species of Dryinidae, Embolemidae and Sclerogibbidae have been examined. The specimens studied for this paper are deposited in the following collections:
BMNH
The
CASC
MOLC
Massimo Olmi collection, c/o Department of Plant Protection,
UKIC
The descriptions of most of the new species are based on the study of a single specimen. Specimens of these families are rarely collected and are poorly represented in world collections. The authors are aware that descriptions of new taxa should normally be based on more individuals. However, on the basis of the experience and knowledge of the authors, the new species are sufficiently characterized to justify their descriptions.
Checklist of Dryinidae, Embolemidae and Sclerogibbidae from Central African Republic and Uganda
An asterisk (*) indicates that specimens are known only from Central African Republic or Uganda, double asterisk (**) indicates the species is newly recorded from Central African Republic or Uganda.
Family Dryinidae
Subfamily Aphelopinae Perkins, 1912
Genus Aphelopus Dalman
Aphelopus Dalman, 1823.
Aphelopus himyarita
Aphelopus himyarita Olmi & van Harten, 2006: 312.
Material examined
Published records.
Hosts
Unknown.
Distribution
Afrotropical, recorded from Cameroon, Central African Republic, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Madagascar, Nigeria, South Africa, Uganda and Yemen (
Aphelopus mediocarinatus
Antaphelopus mediocarinatus Benoit, 1951d.
Aphelopus mediocarinatus (Benoit):
Material examined
Published records.
Hosts
CicadellidaeTyphlocybinae (
Distribution
Afrotropical, recorded from almost all sub-saharian countries, from Senegal to Somalia, in addition to Madagascar and Yemen (
Aphelopus testaceus
Aphelopus testaceus Olmi, 1991: 112.
Material examined
New records. CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC: SANGHA-MBAÉRÉ PREFECTURE: Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Mabéa Bai, 21.4 km 53°NE Bayanga, 3°02.01'N, 16°24.57'E, 510 m, 7–8.V.2001, Malaise trap, lowland rainforest, marsh clearing, S. van Noort leg., 1♂ (
Hosts
Unknown.
Distribution
Democratic Republic of the Congo, South Africa, Tanzania and Yemen (
Aphelopus wittei
Aphelopus wittei Benoit, 1951c: 16.
Material examined
Published records.
Hosts
CicadellidaeTyphlocybinae (
Distribution
Afrotropical, recorded from almost all sub-saharian countries, from Senegal to Somalia, in addition to Madagascar and Yemen (
Subfamily Conganteoninae Olmi, 1984
Genus Conganteon Benoit
Conganteon Benoit, 1951c: 11.
Conganteon vulcanicum
Conganteon vulcanicus Benoit, 1951c: 12.
Material examined
Published record.
Hosts
Unknown.
Distribution
Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Madagascar, Rwanda, South Africa, Uganda (
Subfamily Anteoninae Perkins, 1912
Genus Anteon Jurine
Anteon Jurine, 1807: 302.
Anteon cautum
Anteon cautum Olmi, 1994a.
Material examined
New records. CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC: SANGHA-MBAÉRÉ PREFECTURE: Reserve Speciale de Forêt dense de Dzanga-Sangha, 12.7 km 326°NW Bayanga, 3°00.27'N, 16°11.55'E, 420 m, 17.V.2001, sweep, lowland rainforest, S. van Noort leg., 4♂♂ (
Hosts
Unknown.
Distribution
Kenya, Madagascar and South Africa (
Anteon dzanganum
Type material
HOLOTYPE: ♀, CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC: SANGHA-MBAÉRÉ PREFECTURE: Réserve Spéciale de Forêt Dense de Dzanga-Sangha, 12.7 km 326°NW Bayanga, 03°00.27'N, 16°11.55'E, 420 m, 11–17.V.2001, YPT, lowland rainforest, CAR01-Y26, S. van Noort leg. (
Diagnosis
Female fully winged; head and mesosoma black, except mandible testaceous; head and scutum granulated and reticulate rugose; posterior surface of propodeum reticulate rugose, without longitudinal keels; forewing hyaline, without dark transverse bands or spots, with distal part of stigmal vein less than 0.5 as long as proximal part; segment 4 of protarsus slightly shorter than basal part of segment 5; segment 5 of protarsus (Figs
Description
Female. Fully winged; length 2.2 mm. Head black, except mandible testaceous; antenna testaceous, except dorsal side of segments 6–10 brownish; metasoma brown; legs testaceous. Antenna clavate; antennal segments in following proportions: 10:5:6:5:4:5:6:5.5:5.5:7. Head dull, granulated and reticulate rugose; frontal line complete; face without two lateral keels around orbits and directed towards antennal toruli; occipital carina complete; POL = 6; OL = 3; OOL = 3: OPL = 4; TL = 4; greatest breadth of posterior ocelli about as long as OL. Pronotum dull, reticulate rugose; posterior surface longer than OPL (7:4) and shorter than scutum (7:14); pronotal tubercle reaching tegula. Scutum dull, granulated and reticulate rugose, except short unsculptured area near anterior margin. Notauli incomplete, reaching about 0.3 length of scutum. Scutellum and metanotum shiny, punctate, unsculptured among punctures. Mesopleuron and metapleuron dull, reticulate rugose. Propodeum dull, with transverse keel between dorsal and posterior surface; dorsal surface reticulate rugose; posterior surface reticulate rugose, without longitudinal keels. Forewing hyaline, without dark transverse bands; distal part of stigmal vein much shorter than proximal part (2.5:9). Protarsal segments in following proportions: 5:2:3:4:13; segment 2 of protarsus produced into hook. Segment 4 of protarsus slightly shorter than basal part of segment 5 (4:6). Segment 5 of protarsus (Figs
Male. Unknown.
Differential diagnosis
Because of the above diagnosis, the new species is similar to Anteon canabense (Benoit, 1951b). The main differences regard the sculpture of the posterior surface of the propodeum and the colour (posterior surface of propodeum granulated, except few irregular keels near margins; head and mesosoma testaceous-reddish, occasionally partly darkened, in A. canabense; posterior surface of propodeum reticulate rugose; head and mesosoma black, except mandible testaceous, in A. dzanganum).
Etymology
The species is named after the type locality, Dzanga-Ndoki National Park.
Hosts
Unknown.
Distribution
Central African Republic.
Anteon evertsi
Anteon evertsi
Material examined
New record. CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC: SANGHA-MBAÉRÉ PREFECTURE: Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, 38.6 km 173°S Lidjombo, 2°21.60'N, 16°03.20'E, 350 m, 23.V.2001, sweep, lowland rainforest, S. van Noort leg., 4♂♂ (
Hosts
Unknown.
Distribution
Cameroon, Gambia, Ivory Coast, Kenya (
Anteon fisheri
Anteon fisheri Olmi, 2003: 24.
Material examined
New records. UGANDA: WESTERN REGION: Kibale Forest, Kanyawara (
Hosts
Unknown.
Distribution
Madagascar, South Africa (
Anteon granulatum
Type material
HOLOTYPE: ♂, UGANDA: WESTERN REGION: Kibale National Park, Kanyawara Makerere University Biological Field Station, 0°33.996'N, 30°21.262'E, 1495 m, 12–18.VIII.2005, UG05-M20, Malaise trap, secondary mid-altitude rainforest, S. van Noort leg. (
Diagnosis
Male with clypeus not sculptured by longitudinal and subparallel keels; scutum completely granulated and slightly reticulate rugose; posterior surface of propodeum without longitudinal keels; paramere (Figs
Description
Male. Fully winged; length 1.7 mm. Head black, except mandible testaceous; antenna brown; mesosoma black; metasoma brown; legs testaceous. Antenna filiform; antennal segments in following proportions: 8:5:7:7:7:7:7:7:7:8. Head granulated; frontal line complete; face without lateral keels along orbits directed towards antennal toruli; occipital carina complete; POL = 6; OL = 3; OOL = 5; OPL = 3; TL = 4; greatest breadth of posterior ocellus slightly shorter than OPL (2:3). Scutum dull, completely granulated and slightly reticulate rugose. Notauli very short, hardly visible near anterior margin of scutum. Scutellum shiny, slightly granulated. Metanotum shiny, unsculptured. Propodeum completely reticulate rugose, with strong transverse keel between dorsal and posterior surface; posterior surface without longitudinal keels, with areolae about as large as those of dorsal surface. Forewing hyaline, without dark transverse bands or spots; distal part of stigmal vein much shorter than proximal part (1.5:6). Paramere (Figs
Female. Unknown.
Differential diagnosis
Because of the above diagnosis, the new species is similar to Anteon cautum Olmi, 1994a, A. emeritum Olmi, 1984, and A. whartoni Olmi, in Olmi & Copeland, 2011. The main difference regards the scutum sculpture: completely reticulate rugose and granulated in A. granulatum; not completely reticulate rugose, at most with small surface near anterior margin rugose in the other three species.
Etymology
The species is named after the head completely granulated.
Hosts
Unknown.
Distribution
Uganda.
Anteon gutturnium
Xenanteon gutturnium Benoit, 1951b.
Anteon gutturnium (Benoit):
Material examined
Published records.
Hosts
Unknown.
Distribution
Afrotropical, recorded from almost all sub-saharian countries, from Senegal to Uganda (
Anteon hoyoi
Anteon hoyoi Olmi, 1984: 390.
Material examined
New record. UGANDA: WESTERN REGION: Kasese District, Kibale National Park, Kanyawara, Makerere University Biological Field Station, 00°33.836'N, 30°21.700'E, 1523 m, 6.VIII.2008, sweep, primary mid-altitude rainforest, S. van Noort leg., 1♀ (
Hosts
Unknown.
Distribution
Democratic Republic of the Congo (
Anteon inflatrix
Anteon inflatrix Benoit, 1951b: 161.
Material examined
New record. CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC: Sangha-Mbaéré Prefecture: Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Mabéa Bai, 21.4 km 53°NE Bayanga, 3°02.01'N, 16°24.57'E, 510 m, 4.V.2001, sweep, lowland rainforest, marsh clearing, S. van Noort leg., 1♀ (
Hosts
Unknown.
Distribution
South Africa (
Anteon kawandanum
Anteon kawandanum Olmi, 1984: 374.
Material examined
Published records.
Hosts
Unknown.
Distribution
Afrotropical, recorded from almost all sub-saharian countries, from Gambia to Somalia (
Anteon kibalense
Type material
HOLOTYPE: ♀, UGANDA: WESTERN REGION: Kibale National Park, Kanyawara Makerere University Biological Field Station, 0°33.996'S 30°21.262'E, 1495 m, 29–31.VII.2005, UG05-Y06, YPT, secondary mid-altitude rainforest, S. van Noort leg. (
Diagnosis
Female fully winged; head and mesosoma black, except mandible brown; head completely reticulate rugose; posterior surface of propodeum reticulate rugose, without longitudinal keels, with areolae about as large as those of dorsal surface; forewing with two dark transverse bands, with distal part of stigmal vein less than 0.5 as long as proximal part; segment 4 of protarsus slightly shorter than basal part of segment 5; segment 5 of protarsus (Figs
Description
Female. Fully winged; length 2.1–3.3 mm (holotype 2.8 mm). Head black, except mandible brown; antenna brown; mesosoma black; metasoma brown; legs brown, except articulations, trochanters, procoxa and mesocoxa testaceous. Antenna clavate; antennal segments in following proportions: 10:6:7:6:5:6:6:6:6:8. Head slightly convex, dull, completely reticulate rugose; frontal line complete; face without two lateral keels around orbits and directed towards antennal toruli; occipital carina complete; POL = 8; OL = 4; OOL = 6; OPL = 5; TL = 5; greatest breadth of posterior ocelli shorter than OPL (3:5). Pronotum anteriorly crossed by slight transverse impression, dull, with anterior surface transversely striate; posterior surface with anterior half transversely striate and posterior half slightly granulated, not striate; posterior surface shorter than scutum (7:14); pronotal tubercle reaching tegula. Scutum granulated, rugose and irregularly striate. Notauli absent. Scutellum shiny, unsculptured. Metanotum rugose. Propodeum with strong transverse keel between dorsal and posterior surface; dorsal surface dull, reticulate rugose; posterior surface dull, reticulate rugose, without longitudinal keels, with areolae about as large as those of dorsal surface. Forewing with two dark transverse bands; distal part of stigmal vein much shorter than proximal part (4:9). Protarsal segments in following proportions: 8:3:4:6:16. Segment 4 of protarsus slightly shorter than basal part of segment 5 (6:7). Enlarged claw (Figs
Male. Unknown.
Differential diagnosis
Because of the above diagnosis, the new species is similar to Anteon zimbabwense Olmi, 2005b. The main difference regards the segment 5 of the protarsus: with smaller lamellae and distal part slender in A. zimbabwense (Fig.
Etymology
The species is named after the type locality, Kibale National Park.
Hosts
Unknown.
Distribution
Uganda.
Anteon kivuanum
Chelogynus kivuanus Benoit, 1951c: 13.
Anteon kivuanum Olmi, 1984: 363.
Material examined
New records. CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC: Sangha-Mbaéré Prefecture: Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Mabéa Bai, 21.4 km 53°NE Bayanga, 3°02.01'N, 16°24.57'E, 510 m, 4.V.2001, sweep, lowland rainforest, marsh clearing, S. van Noort leg., 3♂♂ (
Hosts
CicadellidaeIassinae (
Distribution
Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Madagascar, South Africa and Yemen (
Anteon makererense
Type material
HOLOTYPE: ♂, UGANDA: WESTERN REGION: Kibale National Park, Kanyawara Makerere University Biological Field Station, 0°33.408'S 30°22.603'E, 1587 m, 30.VII–5.VIII.2005, UG05-M10, Malaise trap, degraded mid-altitude rainforest, S. van Noort leg. (
Diagnosis
Male with head reticulate rugose and granulated; scutum with anterior third reticulate rugose and remaining surface sculptured by many longitudinal subparallel irregular keels; posterior surface of propodeum not provided with longitudinal keels; propodeum with strong transverse keel between dorsal and posterior surface; paramere (Figs
Description
Male. Fully winged; length 1.7 mm. Head black, except mandible testaceous; antenna brown, except segment 1 testaceous; mesosoma black; metasoma brown; legs testaceous-dark. Antenna filiform; antennal segments in following proportions: 9:4:4:4:4:4:4:4:4.5:7. Head completely reticulate rugose and granulated; frontal line complete; occipital carina complete; POL = 6; OL = 3; OOL = 4; OPL = 1.5; TL = 2; greatest breadth of posterior ocelli shorter than OL (2:3). Scutum dull, with anterior third reticulate rugose; remaining surface sculptured by many longitudinal subparallel irregular keels. Notauli very short, hardly visible near anterior margin of scutum. Scutellum and metanotum shiny, unsculptured. Propodeum with strong transverse keel between dorsal and posterior surface; dorsal surface reticulate rugose; posterior surface reticulate rugose, sculptured by areolae smaller than those of dorsal surface, without longitudinal keels. Forewing hyaline, without dark transverse bands or spots; distal part of stigmal vein much shorter than proximal part (2:6). Paramere (Figs
Female. Unknown.
Differential diagnosis
Because of the above diagnosis, the new species is similar to Anteon reunionense Olmi, 1987. The main difference regards the sculpture of the scutum: with anterior half reticulate rugose and remaining surface unsculptured, or slightly granulated in A. reunionense; with anterior third reticulate rugose and remaining surface sculptured by many longitudinal subparallel irregular keels in A. makererense.
Etymology
The species is named after Makerere University.
Hosts
Unknown.
Distribution
Uganda.
Anteon mubfs
Type material
HOLOTYPE: ♀, UGANDA: WESTERN REGION: Kibale National Park, Kanyawara Makerere University Biological Field Station, 0°35.405'S 30°21.646'E, 1484 m, 4–26.VIII.2008, UG08-KF10-Y02, YPT, primary mid-altitude rainforest, near stream, S. van Noort leg. (
Diagnosis
Female fully winged; head reticulate rugose, except vertex behind posterior ocelli and temple granulated; posterior surface of pronotum with raised carina on both anterior and lateral margins; posterior surface of propodeum reticulate rugose, without longitudinal keels; forewing with two dark transverse bands and distal part of stigmal vein less than 0.5 as long as proximal part; segment 4 of protarsus approximately longer than basal part of segment 5; segment 5 of protarsus (Figs
Description
Female. Fully winged; length 2.6 mm. Head black, except mandible and part of anterior half of clypeus testaceous; antenna testaceous; mesosoma black; metasoma brown; legs testaceous. Antenna clavate; antennal segments in following proportions: 8:6:7:6:5:5:6:6:6:8. Head dull, reticulate rugose, except vertex behind posterior ocelli and temple granulated; frontal line complete, partly continuing also behind the anterior ocellus; face with two lateral keels along orbits and directed towards antennal toruli; occipital carina complete; POL = 6; OL = 4; OOL = 4 OPL = 4; TL = 5; greatest breadth of posterior ocelli shorter than OPL (3:4). Pronotum with slight transverse anterior impression; anterior surface short, transversely striate, hidden behind head; posterior surface slightly shorter than scutum (11:14), shiny, granulated, except few irregular keels near anterior margin; posterior surface with raised carina on anterior and lateral margins; pronotal tubercle reaching tegula. Scutum shiny, slightly granulated, with some irregular keels on lateral surfaces. Notauli absent. Scutellum and metanotum shiny, unsculptured. Propodeum with transverse keel between dorsal and posterior surface; dorsal surface reticulate rugose; posterior surface reticulate rugose, with with areolae about as large as those of dorsal surface, without longitudinal keels. Forewing with two dark transverse bands; distal part of stigmal vein much shorter than proximal part (4:9). Protarsal segments in following proportions: 6:2:3:10:18; protarsal segment 2 produced into hook; protarsal segment 4 much longer than basal part of protarsal segment 5 (10:5). Enlarged claw (Figs
Male. Unknown.
Differential diagnosis
Because of the above diagnosis, the new species is similar to Anteon abditum Olmi, 1994a. The main difference regards the shape of the pronotum: without raised carinae in A. abditum; with raised carina on anterior and lateral margins in A. mubfs.
Etymology
Named after the acronym of Makerere University Biological Field Station, where the holotype was collected. The field station is affectionately called “Mubfs” by those privileged to have experienced a stay there. Noun in apposition.
Hosts
Unknown.
Distribution
Uganda.
Anteon ngoyense
Anteon ngoyense Olmi, 2009: 451.
Material examined
Published record.
Hosts
Unknown.
Distribution
Central African Republic, South Africa, Uganda (
Anteon semajanna
Anteon semajanna Olmi, Copeland & Guglielmino, 2015: 349.
Material examined
Published record.
Hosts
Unknown.
Distribution
Kenya, Uganda (
Anteon striatum
Anteon striatum Olmi, 2005b: 233.
Material examined
Published record.
Hosts
Unknown.
Distribution
Uganda (
Anteon taylori
Anteon taylori Olmi, 1984: 366.
Material examined
Published record.
Hosts
Unknown.
Distribution
Uganda (
Anteon townesi
Anteon townesi Olmi, 1984: 379.
Material examined
New record. UGANDA: WESTERN REGION: Kibale National Park, Kanyawara Makerere University Biological Field Station, 0°35.442'S 30°21.741'E, 1465 m, 10.VIII.2008, sweep, primary mid-altitude rainforest, near stream, S. van Noort leg., 1♀ (
Hosts
Unknown.
Distribution
Democratic Republic of the Congo and South Africa (
Anteon ugandanum
Anteon ugandanum Olmi, 1984: 372.
Material examined
Published records.
Hosts
Unknown.
Distribution
Afrotropical, recorded from almost all sub-saharian countries, from Senegal and Mali to Kenya and Uganda (
Anteon whartoni
Anteon whartoni Olmi, in Olmi & Copeland, 2011: 180.
Material examined
Published records. (
Hosts
Unknown.
Distribution
Central African Republic, Kenya (
Anteon zairense
Anteon zairense
Material examined
New records. CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC: Sangha-Mbaéré Prefecture: Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, 38.6 km 173°S Lidjombo, 2°21.60'N, 16°03.20'E, 350 m, 23.V.2001, sweep, lowland rainforest, S. van Noort leg., 6♂♂ (
Hosts
Unknown.
Distribution
Afrotropical, recorded from Gabon to Kenya (
Subfamily Bocchinae Richards, 1939a
Genus Bocchus Ashmead
Bocchus Ashmead, 1893: 91.
Bocchus bini
Bocchus bini Olmi, 1984: 629.
Material examined
New record. UGANDA: WESTERN REGION: Ankole, Kichwamba, 23–29.IV.1968, 1♀, 1♂ (
Hosts
Unknown.
Distribution
Afrotropical, recorded from Ghana to Somalia and Yemen (
Bocchus kibalensis
Type material
HOLOTYPE: ♂, UGANDA: WESTERN REGION: Kibale National Park, Kanyawara, Makerere University Biological Field Station, 0°33.836'N, 30°21.700"E, 1523 m, 12–26.VIII.2008, UG08-KF8-M18, Malaise trap, primary mid-altitude rainforest, S. van Noort leg. (
Diagnosis
Male with OPL slightly longer than POL; antennal segment 6 less than twice as long as broad; scutum and scutellum completely reticulate rugose; notauli absent; posterior surface of propodeum with median area crossed by numerous transverse keels.
Description
Male. Fully winged; length 2.9 mm. Head black, except mandible testaceous; antenna brown, except segments 1–2 ferruginous; mesosoma black; metasoma brown; legs brown, with articulations, tarsi and protibia testaceous. Antenna filiform; antennal segments in following proportions: 14:6:8:8:7:7:7:7:7:10; antennal segment 6 less than twice as long as broad (7:5). Head convex, dull, covered with short hairs, completely reticulate rugose; clypeus reticulate rugose; frontal line complete, with pointed protrusion between antennal toruli; occipital carina complete; POL = 5; OL = 3; OOL = 7; OPL = 7; TL = 7; greatest breadth of posterior ocelli shorter than POL (4:5). Scutum, scutellum and metanotum dull, completely reticulate rugose. Notauli absent. Mesopleuron dull, reticulate rugose. Metapleuron dull, sculptured by numerous strong transverse keels. Propodeum with strong transverse keel between dorsal and posterior surface; dorsal surface dull, reticulate rugose; posterior surface of propodeum with two complete longitudinal keels, median area crossed by many transverse keels and lateral areas completely reticulate rugose. Forewing hyaline, without dark transverse bands; distal part of stigmal vein about as long as proximal part. Genitalia as in Figs
Female. Unknown.
Differential diagnosis
Because of the above diagnosis, the new species is similar to Bocchus seyrigi (Benoit, 1954). The main differences regard OPL/POL ratio (OPL slightly longer than POL in B. kibalensis; OPL more than twice as long as POL in B. seyrigi) and the sculpture of the median area of posterior surface of propodeum (crossed by many transverse keels in B. kibalensis; partly unsculptured in B. seyrigi).
Etymology
The species is named after the type locality, in Kibale National Park.
Hosts
Unknown.
Distribution
Uganda.
Subfamily Dryininae Haliday, 1833
Genus Dryinus Latreille
Dryinus Latreille, 1804: 176.
Dryinus aethiopicus
Mesodryinus aethiopicus Olmi, 1984: 1008.
Dryinus aethiopicus (Olmi):
Material examined
Published record. (
Hosts
In Central African Republic unidentified Dictyopharidae (
Distribution
Central African Republic, Kenya, Sierra Leone (
Dryinus erraticus
Neodryinus erraticus Turner, 1928: 149.
Dryinus erraticus (Turner):
Material examined
Published records. (
Hosts
Tropiduchidae (
Distribution
Afrotropical, recorded from Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eritrea, Namibia, Somalia, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe (
Dryinus kibalus
Type material
HOLOTYPE: ♀, UGANDA: WESTERN REGION: Kibale National Park, Kanyawara, Makerere University Biological Field Station, 0°33.836'N, 30°21.700'E, 1523 m, 4–26.VIII.2008, UG08-KF8-Y07, YPT, primary mid-altitude rainforest, S. van Noort leg., 1♀ (
Diagnosis
Female with head black, except mandible and clypeus testaceous; head flat, with posterior margin of vertex convex and TL more than twice as long as POL; head (dorsally viewed) provided with posterior ocelli placed behind imaginary straight line joining posterior edges of eyes; posterior ocelli almost touching occipital carina; head and scutum granulated and reticulate rugose, not sculptured by longitudinal keels or striae; pronotum black, except posterior collar ferruginous; posterior collar of pronotum present; propodeum black; segment 1 of protarsus slightly longer than segment 4; enlarged claw (Figs
Description
Female. Fully winged; length 7.3 mm. Head black, except mandible and clypeus testaceous; antenna brown, except segments 1–2 and 10 testaceous, distal extremity of segment 4 and proximal third of segment 5 whitish; propleuron brown-black; pronotum black, except posterior collar ferruginous; rest of mesosoma black; metasoma brown-testaceous; legs testaceous. Antenna clavate; antennal segments in following proportions: 12:6:56:33:21:14:10:7:8:10; rhinaria present in segments 6-10. Head dull, granulated and reticulate rugose, without longitudinal keels; occipital carina complete; posterior ocelli almost touching occipital carina, situated just behind virtual straight line joining posterior edges of eyes; POL = 2; OL = 1.5; OOL = 12; OPL = 0.3; TL = 6; greatest breadth of posterior ocelli longer than POL (3:2). Pronotum dull, granulated, with numerous keels around disc, on lateral regions and anterior collar; pronotum crossed by slight anterior transverse impresion and strong posterior transverse furrow; anterior collar little distinct; posterior collar long; pronotal tubercle not reaching tegula. Scutum granulated and reticulate rugose, not sculptured by longitudinal keels. Notauli incomplete, reaching about 0.8 length of scutum. Scutellum granulated, weakly rugose. Metanotum rugose. Propodeum reticulate rugose, without longitudinal keels on posterior surface; dorsal surface much longer than posterior surface. Forewing with two dark transverse bands; distal part of stigmal vein much longer than proximal part (22:8). Protarsal segments in following proportions: 27:5:9:26:41. Segment 3 of protarsus produced into hook. Enlarged claw (Figs
Male. Unknown.
Differential diagnosis
Because of the above diagnosis, the new species is similar to Dryinus undulatus (Benoit, 1950b). The main difference regards the sculpture of the head and scutum: granulated and reticulate rugose, not sculptured by longitudinal keels or striae, in D. kibalus; head granulated and with some longitudinal keels and scutum granulated and sculptured by many subparallel longitudinal keels in D. undulatus.
Etymology
The species is named after the type locality, Kibale National Park.
Hosts
Unknown.
Distribution
Uganda.
Dryinus saussurei
Lestodryinus saussurei Ceballos, 1936: 48.
Dryinus saussurei (Ceballos):
Material examined
New record. UGANDA: WESTERN REGION: Kibale National Park, Kanyawara, Makerere University Biological Field Station, 0°33.836'N, 30°21.700'E, 1523 m, 4–26.VIII.2008, YPT, primary mid-altitude rainforest, near stream, S. van Noort leg., 2♀♀ (
Hosts
Unknown.
Distribution
Madagascar (
Dryinus shimbanus
Dryinus shimbanus Olmi, in Olmi & Copeland, 2011: 184.
Material examined
Published record. (
Hosts
Unknown.
Distribution
Kenya, Central African Republic (
Dryinus turneri
Lestodryinus ampuliciformis Turner, 1928: 148 (preoccupied).
Dryinus turneri Olmi, Copeland & Guglielmino, 2015 (new name): 359.
Material examined
Published record. (
Hosts
Unknown.
Distribution
Recorded from many Afrotropical countries, from Nigeria to Somalia (
Dryinus ugandanus
Tridryinus ugandanus Olmi, 1984: 935.
Dryinus ugandanus (Olmi):
Material examined
Published record. (
Hosts
Unknown.
Distribution
Recorded from Uganda, Sierra Leone and South Africa (
Dryinus undulatus
Lestodryinus undulatus Benoit, 1950b: 226.
Dryinus undulatus (Benoit):
Material examined
Published records. (
Hosts
Lophopidae (
Distribution
Afrotropical, recorded from Burundi, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Mozambique and Uganda (
Genus Pseudodryinus Olmi
Pseudodryinus Olmi, 1991: 365.
Pseudodryinus townesi
Thaumatodryinus townesi Olmi, 1984: 692.
Pseudodryinus townesi (Olmi):
Material examined
Published records. (
Hosts
Unknown.
Distribution
Recorded from South Africa and Uganda (
Subfamily Gonatopodinae Kieffer, in Kieffer & Marshall, 1906
Genus Echthrodelphax Perkins
Echthrodelphax Perkins, 1903: 36.
Echthrodelphax migratorius
Echthrodelphax migratorius Benoit, 1954: 397.
Material examined
New record. UGANDA: CENTRAL REGION: Masaka District, Kawanda, X.1942, T. H. C. Taylor leg., 1♂ (BMNH).
Hosts
DelphacidaeDelphacinae (
Distribution
Recorded from many Afrotropical countries, from the Cape Verde Islands, Niger and Senegal to Madagascar and Somalia, in addition to Oman and Egypt (
Echthrodelphax tauricus
Echthrodelphax tauricus Ponomarenko, 1970: 432.
Material examined
New record. CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC: Sangha-Mbaéré Prefecture: Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Mabéa Bai, 21.4 km 53°NE Bayanga, 3°02.01'N, 16°24.57'E, 510 m, 7.V.2001, sweep, lowland rainforest, marsh clearing, S. van Noort leg., 19♂♂ (18 in
Hosts
DelphacidaeDelphacinae (
Distribution
Recorded from many Afrotropical countries (from the Cape Verde Islands to Somalia, including Madagascar and South Africa), in addition to many European countries, Oman, Yemen and the United Arab Emirates (
Genus Adryinus Olmi
Adryinus Olmi, 1984: 1126.
Adryinus bellicosus
Neodryinus bellicosus Benoit, 1950b: 227.
Adryinus bellicosus (Benoit):
Material examined
Published records.
Hosts
Unknown.
Distribution
Recorded from Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda and Zimbabwe (
Adryinus oweni
Adryinus oweni Olmi, 1984: 1135.
Material examined
Published record.
Hosts
Unknown.
Distribution
Uganda (
Genus Gonatopus Ljungh
Gonatopus Ljungh, 1810: 161.
Gonatopus nearcticus
Pachygonatopus nearcticus Fenton, 1927: 6.
Platygonatopus ugandanus Benoit, 1951a: 300 (synonymized by
Gonatopus nearcticus (Fenton):
Material examined
Published records.
Hosts
Cicadellidae (
Distribution
Recorded from many countries of the Palaearctic, Afrotropical and Nearctic Regions (
Gonatopus camerounensis
Gonatopus camerounensis Olmi, 2011: 64.
Material examined
New record. CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC: Sangha-Mbaéré Prefecture: Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Mabéa Bai,21.4 km 53°NE Bayanga, 03°02'01"N 16°24'57"E, 510 m, 6–7.V.2001, Malaise trap, lowland rainforest, marsh clearing, S. van Noort leg., 1♀ (
Hosts
Unknown.
Distribution
Cameroon (
Gonatopus guigliae
Digonatopus guigliae Benoit, 1951a: 298.
Gonatopus guigliae (Benoit):
Material examined
Published record.
Hosts
Cicadellidae (
Distribution
Recorded from Mozambique, South Africa and Uganda (
Gonatopus hyalinus
Gonatopus hyalinus Olmi, 1984: 1607.
Material examined
Published record.
Hosts
Unknown.
Distribution
Recorded from Kenya, South Africa and Uganda (
Gonatopus incognitus
Gonatopus incognitus Olmi, 1984: 1613.
Material examined
Published record.
Hosts
Cicadellidae (
Distribution
Afrotropical, broadly spread from the Cape Verde Islands and Burkina Faso to Uganda, in addition to Madagascar, Yemen and Oman (
Gonatopus kanyawarus
Type material
HOLOTYPE: ♀, UGANDA: WESTERN REGION: Kibale National Park, Kanyawara, Makerere University Biological Field Station, 0°33.871'N, 30°21.355'E, 1495 m, 4–26.VIII.2008, UG08-KF2-Y03, YPT, primary mid-altitude rainforest, S. van Noort leg. (
Diagnosis
Female with temples without sharp carina; mesosoma black, except posterior third of scutum yellow; scutum less than twice as long as broad, with two lateral pointed apophyses; metanotum very hollow behind scutellum (Fig.
Description
Female. Apterous; length 3.5–4.0 mm. Head brown-black, except mandible, clypeus, anterior half of face (with short stripe along orbits) and ventral side whitish; antenna brown, except segments 1–2 and proximal third of 3 whitish, segment 10 testaceous; mesosoma black, except posterior third of scutum yellow; metasoma brown-testaceous; fore leg brown, except part of coxa, trochanter, stalk of femur, part of tibiae and part of chela testaceous; mid leg brown, except part of coxa, trochanter, part of femur and tibia, tarsus testaceous; hind leg brown, except distal extremity of coxa, trochanter, part of femur, tibia and tarsus testaceous. Antenna clavate; antennal segments in following proportions: 9:6:21:12:9:9:7:6:5:9. Head excavated, shiny, unsculptured; frontal line incomplete, absent in anterior third of face; occipital carina absent; POL = 2.5; OL = 2; OOL = 10. Palpal formula: 6/3. Pronotum crossed by strong transverse furrow, shiny, unsculptured. Scutum shiny, sculptured by numerous longitudinal striae, laterally with two strong pointed apophyses situated on sides of scutellum. Scutellum shiny, smooth, inclined. Metanotum very long, transversely striate and hollow behind scutellum (Fig.
Male. Unknown.
Differential diagnosis
Because of the above diagnosis, the new species is similar to Gonatopus trochantericus (Benoit, 1954) and G. tulearensis Olmi, 2010. The main difference regards the metanotum (with sides protruding (rounded protrusions) in G. kanyawarus (Fig.
Etymology
The species is named after the type locality, Kanyawara.
Hosts
Unknown.
Distribution
Uganda.
Gonatopus kolyadai
Gonatopus kolyadai Olmi, 2007b: 224.
Material examined
New record. CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC: Sangha-Mbaéré Prefecture: Reserve Speciale de forêt dense de Dzanga-Sangha, 12.7 km 326°NW Bayanga, 3°00.27'N, 16°11.55'E, 420 m, 11–12.V.2001, Malaise trap, lowland rainforest, S. van Noort leg., 1♀ (
Hosts
Unknown.
Distribution
South Africa (
Gonatopus operosus
Gonatopus opacus Olmi, 1984: 1634 (preoccupied).
Gonatopus operosus Olmi, 1993: 80 (new name).
Material examined
Published record.
Hosts
Cicadellidae (
Distribution
Recorded from Uganda (
Gonatopus taylori
Gonatopus taylori Olmi, 1984: 1628.
Material examined
Published records.
Hosts
Unknown.
Distribution
Recorded from Botswana, Ethiopia, Kenya, South Africa and Uganda (
Genus Neodryinus Perkins
Neodryinus Perkins, 1905: 50.
Neodryinus antiquus
Neodryinus antiquus Benoit, 1954: 402.
Material examined
New records. CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC: Sangha-Mbaéré Prefecture: Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Mabéa Bai, 21.4 km 53°NE Bayanga, 3°02.01'N, 16°24.57'E, 510 m, 6.V.2001, sweep, lowland rainforest, marsh clearing, CAR01-S70, S. van Noort leg., 1♀ (
Hosts
Unknown.
Distribution
Madagascar (
Neodryinus tussaci
Neodryinus tussaci Olmi, 2004b: 179.
Material examined
New records. CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC: Sangha-Mbaéré Prefecture: Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Mabéa Bai, 21.4 km 53°NE Bayanga, 3°02.01'N, 16°24.57'E, 510 m, 4.V.2001, sweep, lowland rainforest, marsh clearing, CAR01-S24, S. van Noort leg., 1♀ (
Hosts
Unknown.
Distribution
Cameroon (
Family Embolemidae
Genus Ampulicomorpha Ashmead
Ampulicomorpha Ashmead, 1893: 79.
Ampulicomorpha magna
Ampulicomorpha magna Olmi, 1996: 102.
Material examined
New records. UGANDA: WESTERN REGION: Kibale National Park, Kanyawara, Makerere University Biological Field Station, 0°33.996'N, 30°21.262'E, 1495 m, 3–5.VIII.2005, Malaise trap, secondary mid-altitude rainforest, UG05-M12, S. van Noort leg., 1♂ (
Hosts
Unknown.
Distribution
Recorded from Gabon, Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe (
Ampulicomorpha madecassa
Ampulicomorpha madecassa Olmi, 1999a: 2.
Material examined
New records. CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC: Sangha-Mbaéré Prefecture: Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, 38.6 km 173°S Lidjombo, 2°21'60"N 16°03'20"E, 350 m, 21–22.V.2001, Malaise trap, lowland rainforest, CAR01-M172, S. van Noort leg., 1♀ (
Hosts
Unknown.
Distribution
Recorded from Madagascar (
Genus Embolemus Westwood
Embolemus Westwood, 1833: 444.
Embolemus capensis
Embolemus capensis Olmi, 1997: 141.
Material examined
New records. CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC: Sangha-Mbaéré Prefecture: Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, 38.6 km 173°S Lidjombo, 2°21'60"N 16°03'20"E, 350 m, 24–25.V.2001, Malaise trap, lowland rainforest, CAR01-M200, S. van Noort leg., 1♂ (
Hosts
Unknown.
Distribution
Recorded from Burundi, Kenya, Madagascar, São Tomé and Principe, South Africa (
Family Sclerogibbidae
Genus Caenosclerogibba Yasumatsu
Caenosclerogibba Yasumatsu, 1958: 21.
Caenosclerogibba probethyloides
Caenosclerogibba probethyloides Olmi, 2005a: 87.
Material examined
Published records.
Hosts
Embiidina (
Distribution
Recorded from many Afrotropical countries (Cameroon, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar, Tanzania, Uganda), in addition to Yemen (
Genus Probethylus Ashmead
Probethylus Ashmead, 1902: 270.
Probethylus callani
Probethylus callani Richards, 1939b: 211.
Material examined
New records. CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC: Sangha-Mbaéré Prefecture: Reserve Speciale de Forêt dense de Dzanga-Sangha, 12.7 km 326°NW Bayanga, 3°00.27'N, 16°11.55'E, 420 m, 15–16.V.2001, Malaise trap, lowland rainforest, S. van Noort leg., 2♂♂ (
Hosts
Embiidina (
Distribution
Recorded from many Nearctic, Neotropical and Afrotropical countries (
Genus Sclerogibba Riggio & De Stefani-Perez
Sclerogibba Riggio & De Stefani-Perez, 1888: 19.
Sclerogibba algerica
Sclerogibba algerica Benoit, 1963: 84.
Material examined
New records. CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC: Sangha-Mbaéré Prefecture: Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Mabéa Bai, 21.4 km 53°NE Bayanga, 3°02.01'N, 16°24.57'E, 510 m, 1–7.V.2001, YPT, lowland rainforest, marsh clearing, S. van Noort leg., 1♀ (
Hosts
Embiidina (
Distribution
Recorded from Algeria and Tunisia (
Sclerogibba crassifemorata
Sclerogibba crassifemorata Riggio & De Stefani-Perez, 1888: 146.
Material examined
Published record.
Hosts
Embiidina (
Distribution
Recorded from many Palaearctic and Afrotropical countries (
Sclerogibba impressa
Sclerogibba impressa Olmi, 2005a: 149.
Material examined
Published record.
Hosts
Embiidina (
Distribution
Recorded from Afrotropical and Oriental countries (
Sclerogibba rapax
Sclerogibba rapax Olmi, 2005a: 160.
Material examined
New records. CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC: Sangha-Mbaéré Prefecture: Reserve Speciale de Forêt dense de Dzanga-Sangha, 12.7 km 326°NW Bayanga, 3°00.27'N, 16°11.55'E, 420 m, 15–16.V.2001, Malaise trap, lowland rainforest, S. van Noort leg., 2♂♂ (
Hosts
Embiidina (
Distribution
Recorded from many Afrotropical and Oriental countries (
Sclerogibba talpiformis
Sclerogibba talpiformis Benoit, 1950a: 133.
Material examined
Published records.
Hosts
Embiidina (
Distribution
Recorded from many countries of the world, excluding the Australian region (
Sclerogibba vagabunda
Lithobiocerus vagabundus Bridwell, 1919: 36.
Sclerogibba vagabunda (Bridwell):
Material examined
Published records.
Hosts
Embiidina (
Distribution
Recorded from many countries of the world, excluding the Neotropical Region (
Discussion
The checklist of the Dryinidae, Embolemidae and Sclerogibbidae of Central African Republic and Uganda presented in this paper includes 23 species of Dryinidae, two species of Embolemidae and three species of Sclerogibbidae known from Central African Republic; 39 species of Dryinidae, one species of Embolemidae and four species of Sclerogibbidae known from Uganda. Seventeen species of Dryinidae, two species of Embolemidae and one species of Sclerogibbidae were newly recorded from Central African Republic; sixteen species of Dryinidae and one species of Embolemidae were reported for the first time in Uganda.
With 1827 species worldwide (Olmi and Xu 2015), Dryinidae is one of the three largest families in the Chrysidoidea, the other two being Chrysididae and Bethylidae. With the possible exception of Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique and South Africa, the dryinid fauna of the Afrotropical Region, like that of many families of micro-Hymenoptera, is poorly known. A comparison with the better known Afrotropical countries shows the following situation: in Madagascar 123 species of Dryinidae, six species of Embolemidae and seven species of Sclerogibbidae are recorded (
Hosts of Dryinidae are known for 12 of the 52 species reported in the presented checklists in this paper, but no new host associations were established during the recent inventory surveys conducted in Uganda and Central African Republic. No hosts of Embolemidae are known in the entire Afrotropical region. Host associations are better known for the Sclerogibbidae, mainly due to the rearing out of parasitized hosts carried out by Edward S. Ross: the hosts are known for seven of the eight species reported in the presented checklists, in one case as a result of rearing of adult wasps in Uganda.
Further baseline species inventory and establishment of host associations are required across the majority of the countries in the region to enable assessment of overall species richness and biology of the Afrotropical fauna for these families.
Acknowledgments
Many thanks to the curators at all institutions that provided specimens used in this study. We are very grateful to David Notton (The Natural History Museum, London, UK) for his help with the interpretations of some locality labels. Simon van Noort was funded by South African National Research Foundation grants: GUN 2068865; GUN 61497; GUN 79004; GUN 79211; GUN 81139; GUN 98115. The Ugandan Wildlife Authority and UNCST provided permits to conduct research in Uganda. Field work in Central African Republic was supported by WWF-US and WWF-CARPO. The Ministers of Water, Forests and the Environment and the High Commissioners for tertiary Education and Research of the Central African Republic granted permission to carry out the inventory survey and to export the specimens as part of the WWF-US CAR field expedition conducted in 2001. Many thanks to Alessandro Marletta (Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania) for providing multifocal photos of Anteon dzanganum sp. n.
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