Short Communication |
Corresponding author: Takashi Komatsu ( corocoro1232000@yahoo.co.jp ) Academic editor: Fernando Montealegre-Z
© 2016 Takashi Komatsu, Munetoshi Maruyama.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Komatsu T, Maruyama M (2016) Taxonomic recovery of the ant cricket Myrmecophilus albicinctus from M. americanus (Orthoptera, Myrmecophilidae). ZooKeys 589: 97-106. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.589.7739
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Myrmecophilus americanus and M. albicinctus are typical myrmecophilous insects living inside ant nests. These species are ecologically important due to the obligate association with tramp ant species, including harmful invasive ant species. However, the taxonomy of these “white-banded ant crickets” is quite confused owing to a scarcity of useful external morphological characteristics. Recently, M. albicinctus was synonymized with M. americanus regardless of the apparent host use difference. To clarify taxonomical relationship between M. albicinctus and M. albicinctus, we reexamined morphological characteristics of both species mainly in the viewpoint of anatomy. Observation of genitalia parts, together with a few external body parts, revealed that M. albicinctus showed different tendency from them of M. americanus. Therefore, we recover M. albicinctus as a distinct species on the basis of the morphology.
Formicidae , host specificity, myrmecophily, symbiont, synonymy
Myrmecophilus (Myrmophilina) americanus Saussure, 1877 (Orthoptera: Myrmecophilidae) (Figs
Myrmecophilus albicinctus (
Recently,
For recovery of ”Myrmecophilus albicinctus”, there is problem of validity to use the name toward the species. As above mentioned, M. albicinctus have once synonymized with M. americanus. In addition, there is an older synonym of M. americanus; that is, M. prenolepidis. Under normal circumstances, it should be used the name of M. prenolepidis toward the recovered species. However, M. prenolepidis was described on the basis of specimens collected from nest of Prenolepis longicornis (Roger, 1863) that is synonymized as Paratrechina longicornis (
Past literatures including host ant record of Myrmecophilus americanus and M. albicinctus. For records of M. americanus,
Recorded species | Host ant species | Author |
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Myrmecophilus prenolepidis | Prenolepis (= Paratrechina) longicornis |
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Myrmecophilus albicincta (=albicinctus) | Camponotus mitis |
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Myrmecophilus robustus | Camponotus sp. |
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Myrmecophilus albicinctus | Anoplolepis gracilipes |
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Myrmecophilus microscopicus | Paratrechina longicornis |
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Myrmecophilus albicinctus | Anoplolepis gracilipes, Pheidole spp. (the latter is quite rare case) |
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Myrmecophilus americanus | Paratrechina longicornis, Camponotus sp. (the latter is only single record) |
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Myrmecophilus albicinctus | Anoplolepis gracilipes |
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Myrmecophilus albicinctus | Anoplolepis gracilipes |
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Myrmecophilus americanus | Paratrechina longicornis |
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Field sampling of Myrmecophilus americanus and M. albicinctus in the Ryukyu Islands and in southeast Asia was conducted from 2005 to 2015. Ant crickets were collected from nests of Anoplolepis gracilipes and Paratrechina longicornis by locating nest entrances, turning over stones, or breaking up decayed logs and stumps. Whenever ant crickets were found, as many as possible were collected and preserved in absolute alcohol.
One of us (TK) examined specimens that he collected or were collected by colleagues. In addition, he visited the
The collected ethanol-preserved specimens were used for morphological observation. Specimens were dissected to observe their genitalia (abdominal terminalia). Each specimen was softened before dissection by warming (60 °C for 30–60 min) it in a small ceramic bowl (2.5 cm in diameter) with a small amount of water. Then, the specimen was dissected in water at high magnification under a stereomicroscope (Olympus SZ-40, ×6.7–80). The abdominal apex was removed from each specimen and dissected. Body parts were soaked in a warm 5–8% solution of potassium chloride (60 °C, 20–60 min), cleaned in 30% ethanol (5 min), and dehydrated in 99% ethanol (5 min). The dehydrated materials were mounted in Euparal (Chroma-Gesellschaft) on glass slides for detailed observation.
3♂ and 1♀, collected from 50 Ngamwongwan Rd. ChatuChak Bangkok, Thailand, 6-X-2007, Komatsu T.; 1♀, Plot 256, Tingkat Perusahaan 5, Kawasan Perindustrian Perai 2, Perai, Penang, Malaysia, 28-I-2011, Sumino T.; 1♀, Andalas University, Jl. Limau Manis, Kecamatan Pauh, Padang, Sumatera Barat 25163, Indonesia, 27-XI-2013, Komatsu T.; 1♂, Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia, JL. Raya Jakarta Bogor km 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia, 20 VI 2013, Komatsu T.
Hind tarsus is relatively short (less than 1 mm, Fig.
1♀, collected from Koshidake, Iheya-jima, Okinawa, Japan, 5-IV-1996, Inada S.; 2♂, Gusukube-sunagawa, Miyakojima-shi, Miyako-jima, Okinawa, Japan, 8-VI-1996, Inada S.; 1♂ and 1♀, collected from Urasoe, Okinawa-jima, Okinawa, Japan, 24-VII-2007, Komatsu T.; 3♂ and 1♀, Yona, Kunigami-son, Okinawa-jima, Okinawa, Japan, 6-VIII-2007, Komatsu T.; 2♀, Field Studies Centre of the University of Malaya, Ulu Gombak, Selangor, Malaysia, 25-X-2012, Komatsu T.; 3♀, Bogor Botanical Gardens, Jalan Ir. Haji Juanda No.13, 16122, Indonesia, 22-XI-2013, Komatsu M.; 1♂, Andalas University, Jl. Limau Manis, Kecamatan Pauh, Padang, Sumatera Barat 25163, Indonesia, 1-XII-2013, Komatsu M; 1♂, 16 km Point, Kaeng Krachan National Park, Phetchaburi, Thailand, 28-VI-2014, Komatsu T.; 4♂ and 2♀, Jalan Universiti, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 28-XI-2005, Komatsu T.; 2♂ and 1♀, Daruma-yama, Kume-jima, Okinawa, Japan, 9-XII-2014, Komatsu T.
Paratype 2♂2♀: Pattambi, Molabas Dist., F. H. Gravely V. 30 and Anoplolepis longipes. (Fig.
Hind tarsus is relatively long (more than 1 mm, Fig.
This species can be clearly discriminated from M. americanus on the basis of the described diagnostic characteristics. Therefore, we recognize M. albicinctus as a distinct species.
With regard to the taxonomy of Myrmecophilus ant crickets,
We thank Mr. Tomoki Sumino (Malaysia) and Satoshi Inada (Japan) for collecting material; Prof. Rosli Hasim (University of Malaya), Dr. Watana Sakchoowong (Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation), Dr. Wara Asfiya (Division of Zoology, Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences), Dr. Sri Hartini (Zoology Division, Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Science–LIPI), and Dr. Henny Herwina (Universitas Andalas) for obtaining permission to conduct this research in their institutions; and Dr. Laure Desutter-Grandcolas (Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle) for permission to examine the type specimens. This work was supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI Grant Number 26.931 to TK.