Review Article |
Corresponding author: Yani Duan ( duanyani@hotmail.com ) Academic editor: Ben Price
© 2016 Yani Duan, Christopher H. Dietrich, Micael D. Webb, Yalin Zhang.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Duan Y, Dietrich CH, Webb MD, Zhang Y (2016) Review of the South American leafhopper genus Parandanus (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae). ZooKeys 562: 73-83. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.562.7478
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The South American leafhopper genus Parandanus Linnavuori & DeLong (Deltocephalinae: Deltocephalini) is reviewed and four of its six species are illustrated and male genital characters are provided. Three new species from Peru, Parandanus longistylus Duan, sp. n., Parandanus nigricephalus Duan, sp. n. and Parandanus paracruciatus Duan, sp. n. are described. A key to species is also provided.
Auchenorrhyncha , morphology, taxonomy, new species
The South American grassland leafhopper genus Parandanus Linnavuori & DeLong (Deltocephalinae: Deltocephalini) was established by
The material studied here is deposited in the
Parandanus Linnavuori & DeLong, 1976: 34. Type species: Parandanus ornatus Linnavuori & DeLong, 1976.
Overall coloration pale yellow with orange to dark brown markings. Frontoclypeus with pale median longitudinal stripe and indistinct pale lateral arcs. Pronotum with six longitudinal bands. Scutellum with basal triangles and a medial stripe, orange to sordid brown. Forewing veins pale, bordered with fuscous. Mesosternum dark brown. Femora and tibiae with fuscous marks.
Body elongate. Head narrower than pronotum. Crown not or only slightly produced, rounded to face; ocelli next to eyes on anterior margin. Face relatively flat, similar in width to length; frontoclypeus relatively narrow; clypeal sulcus absent; anteclypeus nearly parallel-sided, extended to ventral margin of face; genae broad, insinuated near eyes. Forewing long and narrow, appendix distinct, with four apical and three anteapical cells, inner anteapical cell open basally. Anal tube membranous.
Pygofer without processes, with numerous macrosetae in posterior region. Subgenital plate elongate triangular, with few stout to many more slender macrosetae laterally. Style with articulating arm short to very long; apophysis short to long. Connective fused to aedeagus, arms close to each other. Aedeagal shaft slender with pair of basal or subbasal elongate appendages extended posteroventrally along shaft; gonopore apical on dorsal surface.
Bolivia, Peru.
Parandanus cruciatus Linnavuori & DeLong, 1979. Bolivia.
Parandanus hilaris Linnavuori & DeLong, 1976. Peru.
Parandanus longistylus Duan, sp. n. Peru.
Parandanus nigricephalus Duan, sp. n. Peru.
Parandanus ornatus Linnavuori & DeLong, 1976. Peru.
Parandanus paracruciatus Duan, sp. n. Peru.
1 | Style preapical angle indistinct; apophysis long (Fig. |
2 |
– | Style preapical angle distinct; apophysis short (Fig. |
3 |
2 | Style >4× longer than distance between lobes of apodeme (Fig. |
Parandanus longestyle Duan, sp. n. |
– | Style <3× longer than distance between lobes of apodeme (Fig. |
Parandanus nigricephalus Duan, sp. n. |
3 | Aedeagal appendages not crossing each other ventrally ( |
Parandanus ornatus Linnavuori & DeLong |
– | Aedeagal appendages crossing each other ventrally (Fig. |
4 |
4 | Subgenital plate with lateral margins distinctly emarginate near base (Fig. |
Parandanus hilaris Linnavuori & DeLong |
– | Subgenital plate with lateral margins nearly straight throughout length (Fig. |
5 |
5 | Aedeagal appendages subbasal and curved posterodorsad (Fig. |
Parandanus paracruciatus Duan, sp. n. |
– | Aedeagal appendages basal and directed posteroventrad ( |
Parandanus cruciatus Linnavuori & DeLong |
Length. Male: 6.8–7.2 mm.
Anterior margin of crown with two dark brown coalescing spots extending around ocelli, disk with an orange spot anterolaterally, its inner area dark brown, a small dark brown spot adjacent to basal angles of eyes. Pronotum with six broad longitudinal orange brown bands (Fig.
Crown of near uniform length, 0.43× as long as distance between eyes, 0.43× as long as median length of pronotum (Fig.
Pygofer short, sides rounded apically (Fig.
Holotype: male, Peru: Pasco, 3km N Oxapampa, 1700m, 10°33.20'S, 75°25.55'W, 21 Oct 2002, C.H. Dietrich, merc vapor light, 02–31–1 (
This name is based on the style with a long apophysis.
This species is similar to P. paracruciatus in color pattern but differs from this and other species by its very long style apophysis.
Length. Male: 6.6–7.0 mm.
Anterior margin of crown with four dark brown spots, disk with an orange spot laterally, its inner area dark brown, a small orange spot adjacent to basal angles of eyes. Pronotum with six narrow longitudinal orange brown bands (Fig.
Crown of nearly uniform length, 0.48x as long as distance between eyes, 0.47× as long as median length of pronotum (Fig.
Pygofer long, sides rounded apically, ventral margin concave (Fig.
Holotype: male, Peru: Pasco, 3km N Oxapampa, 1700m, 10°33.20'S, 75°25.55'W, 21 Oct 2002, C.H. Dietrich, merc vapor light, 02–31–1 (
The species name is based on the similarity of the species to P. cruciatus.
This species is similar to P. longistylus in color pattern but differs from this and other species by the shape of the style with short apophysis and long articulating arm.
Length. Male: 6.6–6.8 mm.
Anterior margin of crown with a dark brown patch extending around ocellus and variably onto disc and to posterior margin, with a medial small yellow spot, a small dark brown spot adjacent to basal angles of eyes (Fig.
Crown of nearly uniform length, 0.36× as long as distance between eyes, 0.38× as long as median length of pronotum (Fig.
Pygofer short, sides rounded apically (Fig.
Parandanus nigricephalus Duan, sp. n. A male pygofer side, lateral view B male pygofer and segments X–XI, dorsal view C valve, subgenital plates and styles, ventral view D style, dorsal view E, F connective and aedeagus, dorsal and lateral view, respectively G apex of aedeagus, dorsal view.
Holotype: male, Peru: Pasco, 3km N Oxapampa, 1700m, 10°33.20'S, 75°25.55'W, 21 Oct 2002, C.H. Dietrich, merc vapor light, 02–31–1 (
This name is based on the vertex with a large dark patch.
This species can be distinguished by its pronounced brown head markings and long style apophysis.
Parandanus hilaris Linnavuori & DeLong, 1976: 34.
Length. Male: 5.5–5.9 mm.
Anterior margin of crown with six small brown spots, disk with orange patch on each side anteriorly and extending to posterior margin, a small brown spot adjacent basal angles of eyes. Pronotum with six longitudinal narrow orange bands (Fig.
Crown about 1.17× as long medially as next to eyes, 0.67× as long as distance between eyes, 0.56× as long as median length of pronotum (Fig.
Pygofer short, sides rounded apically (Fig.
2 males, Peru: Huànuco, 5km S Tingo Maria, Pte. Perez, 600m, 9°20.51'S, 75°58.51'W, 25 Oct 2002, C.H. Dietrich, mercury vapor light, 02–41–1 (
Peru.
This species can be distinguished by its relatively longer crown medially, few robust subgenital plate macrosetae, short syle apophysis and shape of the aedeagus.
We express our sincere thanks to J. R. Schrock, Emporia State University, USA for revising this manuscript. We also thank J. N. Zahniser, US Department of Agriculture, San Diego USA for assistance in the identification. This research is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31000968), Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation (1608085MC55) and Anhui Provincial Colleges and Universities Natural Science Foundation (KJ2015A006). The senior author was supported by the National Scholarship Fund of China to pursue his research at the Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign, USA, from Aug. 2013 to Aug. 2014.