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Corresponding author: Reginald P. Webster ( reginaldwebster@rogers.com ) Academic editor: Patrice Bouchard
© 2016 Reginald P. Webster, Jan Klimaszewski, Caroline Bourdon, Jon D. Sweeney, Cory C. Hughes, Myriam Labrecque.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Webster RP, Klimaszewski J, Bourdon C, Sweeney JD, Hughes CC, Labrecque M (2016) Further contributions to the Aleocharinae (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) fauna of New Brunswick and Canada including descriptions of 27 new species. In: Webster RP, Bouchard P, Klimaszewski J (Eds) The Coleoptera of New Brunswick and Canada: providing baseline biodiversity and natural history data. ZooKeys 573: 85–216. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.573.7016
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This paper treats the discovery of new species and new records of aleocharine beetles for the province of New Brunswick. We report here 27 species new to science, one new North American record, six new Canadian records, and 29 new provincial records. The following are the new species: Acrotona brachyoptera Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., A. sphagnorum Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., Atheta (Dimetrota) alphacrenuliventris Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., A. (D.) chartersensis Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., A. (D.) cranberriensis Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., Atheta (D.) bubo Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., A. (D.) mcalpinei Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., A. (D.) makepeacei Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., A. (D.) giguereae Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., A. (D.) petitcapensis Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., A. (sensu lato) pseudoschistoglossa Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., A. (sensu lato) sphagnicola Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., Atheta (sensu lato) thujae Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., A. (Pseudota) pseudoklagesi Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., Philhygra atypicalis Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., Schistoglossa (Schistoglossa) pelletieri Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., Thamiaraea corverae Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., T. claydeni Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., Pleurotobia bourdonae Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., P. brunswickensis Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., Agaricomorpha vincenti Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., Gyrophaena (Gyrophaena) aldersonae Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., Oligota polyporicola Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., O. sevogle Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., Hylota cryptica Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., Oxypoda sunpokeana Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n., and Phloeopora gilbertae Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n. The spermatheca of Dinaraea curtipenis Klimaszewski & Webster, D. longipenis Klimaszewski & Webster, and D. subdepressa (Bernhauer) are illustrated for the first time. Male specimens of Mniusa odelli Klimaszewski & Webster were confirmed and are illustrated. Color habitus images and black and white images of the median lobe of the aedeagus, the spermatheca, and tergite and sternite VIII are provided for all species. New or additional habitat data are provided for most of the species treated in this contribution.
Taxonomy, ecology, rove beetles, Staphylinidae , Aleocharinae , new species, new records, New Brunswick, Canada
Various methods were employed to collect the specimens reported in this study. Details are outlined in
Most specimens were dissected to confirm their identity. The genital structures were dehydrated in absolute alcohol and mounted in Canada balsam on celluloid microslides and then pinned with the specimen from which they originated. Images of the entire body and the genital structures were taken using an image processing system (Nikon SMZ 1500 stereoscopic microscope; Nikon Digit-like Camera DXM 1200F, and Adobe Photoshop software).
Morphological terms used in species descrptions mainly follow those used by
Distribution. New provincial records are cited with current distribution in Canada and Alaska, using abbreviations for the state, provinces, and territories, and are indicated in bold under Distribution in Canada and Alaska. The following abbreviations are used in the text:
AB Alberta
AK Alaska
BC British Columbia
MB Manitoba
NB New Brunswick
NF & LB Newfoundland and Labrador*
NS Nova Scotia
NT Northwest Territories
NU Nunavut
ON Ontario
PE Prince Edward Island
QC Quebec
SK Saskatchewan
YT Yukon Territory
*Newfoundland and Labrador are each treated separately under the current Distribution in Canada and Alaska.
USA state abbreviations follow those of the US Postal Service. Acronyms of collections examined and referred to in this study are as follows:
AFC
Natural Resources Canada,
LFC
Natural Resources Canada,
LUC
RWC Reginald Webster Collection, Charters Settlement, New Brunswick, Canada
We report here on 63 species of Aleocharinae: 27 species new to science, one new North American record, six new Canadian records, and 29 new provincial records. Specimens were collected from a variety of microhabitats, including mushrooms (15 species), moist sphagnum or other vegetation near streams or ponds (14 species), under sea wrack or cobblestones near streams (7 species), in moldy corncobs or compost (7 species), inside or near the entrance to nests, burrows, or homes of animals such as owls, marmots and beavers (6 species), in animal dung (2 species), and on or under the bark of logs (2 species). Lindgren 12-funnel traps collected 33 of the 63 species and provided the sole specimens for 13 of the species.
(For diagnosis, see
Canada, New Brunswick, Northumberland Co., Upper Graham Plains, 47.1001°N, 66.8154°W, 28.V-10.VI.2014, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Old black spruce forest, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♂, RWC). Restigouche Co., Dionne Brook P.N.A., 47.9064°N, 68.3441°W, 31.V-15.VI.2011, M. Roy & V. Webster // Old-growth white spruce & balsam fir forest, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♂, LFC); Jacquet River Gorge P.N.A., 47.8257°N, 66.0764°W, 15–29.VI.2014, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Old Populus balsamifera stand near river, Lindgren funnel traps 1 m high under trees (1 ♂, RWC). York Co., New Maryland, Charters Settlement, 45.8430°N, 66.7275°W, 8.X.2004, R.P. Webster, coll. // Regenerating mixed forest, baited with pile of decaying mushrooms (1 ♂, RWC).
Little is known about the biology of A. rubricalis. One specimen was reported from a mouse nest (
BC, ON, NB (
Aleochara (Calochara) rubricalis (Casey): 1, habitus in dorsal view 2 median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 3 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 4 male tergite VIII 5 male sternite VIII 6 female tergite VIII 7 female sternite VIII 8 spermatheca 2, 8 modified from
(For diagnosis, see
Canada, New Brunswick, Restigouche Co., Jacquet River Gorge P.N.A., 47.8254°N, 66.0780°W, 13.VIII.2010, R.P. Webster // Mixed forest, in decaying chanterelle (1 ♀, RWC).
Almost nothing is known about the habitat and biology of this species. In NB, one specimen was found in a decaying chanterelle mushroom in a mixed forest. Elsewhere, one individual was sifted from deep layers of wet and moldy oak (Quercus) leaf litter (
AB, ON, QC, NB (
Aleochara (Calochara) speculicollis Bernhauer: 9 habitus in dorsal view 10 median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 11 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 12 male tergite VIII 13 male sternite VIII 14 female tergite VIII 15 female sternite VIII 16 spermatheca. 10–13 modified from
(For diagnosis, see
Canada, New Brunswick, Kent Co., Kouchibouguac N.P., 46.8072°N, 64.9082°W, 21.V.2015, R.P. Webster // Margin field/Jack pine forest, in litter in entrance to Marmota monax burrow (1 ♀, RWC). York Co., Keswick Ridge, 45.9962°N, 66.8781°W, 25.V.2015, R.P. Webster // Margin field/hardwood forest, in litter in entrance to Marmota monax burrow (1 ♀, RWC).
This species has been found in entrances of fox (Vulpes sp.) and woodchuck (Marmota monax (L.)) burrows in early spring (April to June) (
MB, ON, QC, NB (
Aleochara (Echochara) ocularis Klimaszewski: 17 habitus in dorsal view 18 median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 19 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 20 male tergite VIII 21 male sternite VIII 22 female tergite VIII 23 female sternite VIII 24 spermatheca 19, 18, 24 modified from
(For diagnosis, see
Canada, New Brunswick, York Co., New Maryland, Charters Settlement, 45.8430°N, 66.7275°W, 7.VI.2004, R.P. Webster, coll. // Regenerating mixed forest, pitfall trap (1 ♂, RWC); same locality and collector but 45.8428°N, 66.7279°W, 14.IX.2004 // Mixed forest, small sedge marsh, in moist grass litter (1 ♂, 1 sex undetermined, RWC).
In NB, specimens were collected from a pitfall trap and from moist grass litter in a small sedge marsh in a mixed forest. One specimen from QC was captured in a Luminoc pit-light trap (
ON, QC, NB (
Canada, New Brunswick, Saint John Co., Chance Harbour off Rt. 790, 45.1355°N, 66.3672°W, 12.V.2008, R.P. Webster, coll. // Calcareous fen, in sphagnum and litter in depression with Carex (LFC). Paratypes: Canada, New Brunswick, Carleton Co., Wakefield, “Bell Forest Nature Preserve”, 46.2210°N, 67.7210°W, 19.IV.2005, R.P. Webster, coll. // Rich Appalachian hardwood forest, in leaf litter on mound of soil (1 ♀, LFC). Queens Co., ca. 3.5 km W of Lower Gagetown, 45.7497°N, 66.1846°W, 13.V.2008, R.P. Webster // Old red oak / red maple forest, in moist leaves on margin of vernal pool (1 ♂, RWC). Sunbury Co., Acadia Research Forest, 29.VI.1999, 21.IX.1999, Site 2, Clearcut, Pitfall trap, G. Gesner, Coll. (2 ♂, LFC); same data but 22.VI.1999, Site 2, Select 2, (1 ♀, LFC); Acadia Research Forest, 45.9799°N, 66.3394°W, 18.VI.2007, R.P. Webster, coll. // Road 7 control, mature red spruce & red maple forest, sifting moss near brook (1 ♂, 1 ♀, RWC); same data but 14.V.2007, 18.VI.2007 // sifting leaf litter (2 sex undetermined, 1 ♂, 1 ♀, AFC); same data but 18.IX.2007 // sifting leaf litter & moss (1 sex undetermined, AFC); Acadia Research Forest, 45.9816°N, 66.3374°W, 18.IX.2007, R.P. Webster, coll. // Road 7 Regenerating Forest, 8.5 year old regenerating mixed forest, in sphagnum and leaf litter at bottom of old tire depression (2 sex undetermined, AFC); Acadia Research Forest, 46.0188°N, 66.3765°W, 14.V.2007, 14.V.2007, 17.VIII.2007, R.P. Webster, coll. // Road 16 control, mature red spruce & red maple forest, sifting moss (1 sex undetermined, 1 ♂, 1 ♀, AFC; 1 ♂, RWC); same data but 14.V.2007, 18.VII.2007 // sifting leaf litter (1 sex undetermined, 1 ♀, AFC); same data but 18.IX.2007 // sifting leaf litter & moss (1 sex undetermined, AFC); Acadia Research Forest, 46.0173°N, 66.3741°W, 14.V.2007, R.P. Webster, coll. // Road 16 Regenerating Forest, 8.5 year old regenerating mixed forest, sifting leaf litter & moss (1 sex undetermined, AFC); same data but 18.IX.2007 // in sphagnum and leaf litter at bottom of old tire depression (1 sex undetermined, AFC). York Co., Canterbury, Browns Mtn. Fen, 45.8967°N, 67.6343°W, 2.V.2005, M. Giguère & R. Webster, coll. // Forested cedar fen, in litter at base of cedar (1 ♀,
This species is named for the short (brachyopterous, alternative spelling of brachypterous) elytra.
Body length 2.8–3.0 mm, very narrow, uniformly dark brown except for paler elytra, apex of abdomen, legs and basal antennal articles (Fig.
Known from ON and NB, Canada.
In NB, this species was found in an old red maple (Acer rubrum L.) forest, mixed forests, a wet alder (Alnus sp.) swamp, a mature red spruce (Picearubens Sarg.) and red maple forest, a rich Appalachian hardwood forest, in a Carex marsh, small sedge marsh, marsh with scattered alders, in old-growth eastern white cedar (Thuja occidentalis L.) swamps and forests, and in 8.5-year-old regenerating mixed forests. Adults occurred in moss and litter near brooks, in moss and litter at the base of cedar, in moss and litter in red spruce and cedar forests, in leaf litter under alders near a stream, in leaf litter and grass on hummocks in a wet alder swamp, in grass litter and sphagnum in marshes, moist leaves on the margin of a vernal pool, in sphagnum and leaf litter at the bottom of old tire depressions, and one specimen was collected from a gilled mushroom. Adults were collected during March, April, May, June, July, August, and September.
This species has genitalic structures similar to those of Acrotona subpygmaea but differs by its narrower body, the pronotum broader than the elytra with posterolateral margin completely rounded near base, elytra shorter than pronotum, and its body is darker with paler, reddish-brown elytra and apical portion of the abdomen. In A. subpygmaea, the posterolateral margin of pronotum is slightly angulate near the base and the body is uniformly dark brown.
Acrotona brachyoptera Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n.: 34 habitus in dorsal view 35 median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 36 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 37 male tergite VIII 38 male sternite VIII 39 female tergite VIII 40 female sternite VIII 41 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Canada, New Brunswick, New Maryland, Charters Settlement, 45.8285°N, 66.7365°W, 21.V.2006, R.P. Webster, coll. // Mature eastern white cedar & red spruce forest, in moss & litter (1 ♂, LFC). Paratypes: Canada, New Brunswick, Charlotte Co., Hwy 3 at Deadwater Brook, 45.4745°N, 67.1225°W, 23.IV.2006, R.P. Webster, coll. // Black spruce forest, in sphagnum (1 ♀, LFC; 2 ♂, 3 ♀, RWC); same data but 3.VI.2005 // Black spruce forest, in moist sphagnum (1 ♂, RWC); S of Little Pocologan River, 45.15365°N, 66.62687°W, 7.V.2007, R.P. Webster coll. // Black spruce and tamarack bog, in litter and moss on “moose” trail (1 sex undetermined, LFC). Restigouche Co., Jacquet River Gorge PNA, 47.8189°N, 65.9952°W, 25.VI.2008, R.P. Webster, coll. // Eastern white cedar swamp with black spruce, in moist sphagnum (1 ♀, RWC); NE of jct. Little Tobique R. & Red Br., 47.4501°N, 67.0577°W, 24.V.2007, R.P. Webster, coll. // Old-growth eastern white cedar swamp, in moist sphagnum (1 ♂, 1 ♀, RWC). York Co., Manner’s Sutton, Upper Brockway, 45.5684°N, 67.0993°W, 23.IV.2006, R.P. Webster, coll. // Forested black spruce bog, in sphagnum (1 ♀, RWC).
Sphagnorum is a Latin adjective derived from the generic name of Sphagnum sp., a dominant plant in most of the habitats where this species was found.
Body length 2.3 mm, moderately narrow, uniformly dark brown except for reddish legs and two small yellowish-red areas on each elytron near suture (Fig.
Known only from NB, Canada.
This species was found in moist sphagnum in forested black spruce bogs, and in eastern white cedar swamps and forests. One individual was found in moss and litter in a moose (Alces alces) trail through a black spruce and tamarack (Larix laricina (Du Roi) Koch) bog. Adults were collected during April, May, and June.
This species is distinct externally because of its shield-shaped pronotum, which is slightly wider than the elytra, which contributes to a habitus that is somewhat similar to species of Mocyta. It may be distinguished from all other Nearctic Acrotona, by the unique shape of its genital structures, including male and female tergite VIII.
Acrotona sphagnorum Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n.: 42 habitus in dorsal view 43 median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 44 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 45 male tergite VIII 46 male sternite VIII 47 female tergite VIII 48 female sternite VIII 49 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
(For details, see
Body length 2.6–2.8 mm, moderately narrow, uniformly dark brown except for paler legs and basal antennal articles (Fig.
New Brunswick, Northumberland Co.,12 km SSE of Upper Napan, 46.8991°N, 65.3682°W, 7.VI.2006, R.P. Webster, coll. // Eastern white cedar swamp, in moist leaf litter (2 ♂, LFC); ca. 2.5 km W of Sevogle, 47.0876°N, 65.8613°W, 28.V.2013, R.P. Webster // Old jack pine forest, vernal pond margin, in leaf litter (1 ♂, AFC, 1 ♂, RWC). Queens Co., Canning, Grand Lake near Scotchtown, 45.8762°N, 66.1817°W, 25.V.2006, R.P. Webster // Silver maple swamp near lake margin, margin of vernal pond in moist leaves (2 ♂, 1 ♀, RWC); ca. 3.5 km W of Lower Gagetown, 45.7497°N, 66.1846°W, 13.V.2008, R.P. Webster // old red oak/red maple forest, in moist leaves on margin of vernal pond (1 ♂, RWC); near Queenstown, 45.6904°N, 66.1455°W, 13.V.2008, R.P. Webster // old-growth hardwood forest, in leaf litter near seepage and brook (1 ♂, RWC). Restigouche Co., Jacquet River Gorge P.N.A., 47.7491°N, 66.1114°W, 24.VI.2008, R.P. Webster // Hardwood forest, among moist leaves in dried snow-melt pool (1 ♀, RWC). Sunbury Co., Maugerville, Portobello Creek N.W.A., 45.9031°N, 66.4268°W, 11.IX.2006, R.P. Webster, oak & red maple forest, on gilled mushrooms (1 ♂, LFC; 1 ♂, RWC); Acadia Research Forest, 46.0188°N, 66.3765°W, 18.VI.2007, R.P. Webster, coll. // Road 16 control, mature red spruce & red maple forest, sifting leaf litter & moss (2 ♂, AFC); same data but 14.V.2007 // sifting leaf litter (1, sex undetermined, AFC); Acadia Research Forest, 46.0173°N, 66.3741°W, 17.VIII.2007, 18.IX.2007, R.P. Webster, coll. // Road 16 Regenerating Forest, 8.5 year old regenerating mixed forest // in sphagnum and leaf litter at bottom of old tire depression (1 sex undetermined, 1 ♂, AFC). York Co., trail to Browns Mtn. Fen, 45.9033°N, 67.6260°W, 2.V.2005, M. Giguère & R. Webster, coll. // Mixed forest with cedar, margin of vernal pond in moist leaf litter (1 ♂,
Most specimens of Acrotona subpygmaea from NB were found among moist leaves along margins of vernal ponds and snow-melt pools in various forest types. These included an old jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) forest, silver maple (Acer saccharinum L.) swamp, an old red oak (Quercus rubra L.)/red maple forest, hardwood forests, an eastern white cedar swamp, a mature red spruce and red maple forest, and a mature mixed forest. A few were found in leaf litter near a seepage and brook, in sphagnum and leaf litter at bottom of an old tire depression in a regenerating mixed forest, in leaf litter and moss, in flood debris on an upper river margin, in a Carex hummock in a Carex marsh, and in a gilled mushroom. One individual was found under bark of a stump sticking out of snow in early April. Most adults were collected in May, with a few in April, June, August, and September.
ON, NB, NS (
Acrotona subpygmaea (Bernhauer): 50, habitus in dorsal view 51 median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 52, 53 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 54 male tergite VIII 55 male sternite VIII 56 female tergite VIII 57 female sternite VIII 58 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
(For diagnosis, see
New Brunswick, Carleton Co., Jackson Falls, “Bell Forest”, 46.2200°N, 67.7231°W, 21.VI-3.VII.2012, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Rich Appalachian hardwood forest with some conifers, Lindgren funnel trap in canopy of Fraxinus americana (1 ♀, RWC). Restigouche Co., Dionne Brook P.N.A., 47.9030°N, 68.3503°W, 27.VI-14.VII.2011, M. Roy & V. Webster // Old-growth northern hardwood forest, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♀, RWC). York Co., Douglas, Currie Mountain, 45.9844°N, 66.7592°W, 24.VI-9.VII.2013, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Mixed forest with Quercus rubra, Lindgren funnel trap 1 m high under Q. rubra (1 ♀, RWC); Douglas, Currie Mountain, 45.9832°N, 66.7564°W, 3–15.V.2013, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Old Pinus strobus stand, Lindgren funnel trap 1 m high under P. strobus (1 ♂, RWC).
Specimens of this adventive species in NB were captured in Lindgren funnel traps in hardwood forests, a mixed forest, and an old white pine (Pinus strobus L.) stand. In southern ON, specimens were captured in pitfall traps in and near agricultural fields (
ON, NB (
Alevonota gracilenta was first reported from North America by
Alevenota gracilenta (Erichson): 59 habitus in dorsal view 60, 61 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 62 male tergite VIII 63 male sternite VIII 64 female tergite VIII 65 female sternite VIII 66, 67 spermatheca 60, 67 after
(For diagnosis, see
New Brunswick, York Co., Charters Settlement, 45.8395°N, 66.7391°W, 30.IX.2007, R.P. Webster, coll. // Mixed forest, in decaying (moldy) corncobs & cornhusks (1 ♂, RWC).
The only known specimen of A. whitehorsensis from NB was collected from a pile of decaying corncobs. In the YT, specimens were sifted from soil in a black spruce stand (
YT, NB (
Atheta whitehorsensis Klimaszewski & Godin: 68, habitus in dorsal view 69 median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 70 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 71 male tergite VIII 72 male sternite VIII 73 female tergite VIII 74 female sternite VIII 75 spermatheca 68, 70–75 after
Canada, New Brunswick, Northumberland Co., ca. 2.5 km W of Sevogle, 47.0876 N, 65.8613°W, 28.V.2013, R.P. Webster // old jack pine forest, vernal pond margin in coyote dung (LFC). Paratype: Canada, New Brunswick, Restigouche Co., Mount Atkinson, 447 m elev., 47.8192 N, 68.2618°W, 23.VI.2010, R.P. Webster, coll. // boreal forest, small shaded spring-fed brook with mossy margin, sifting moss (1 ♀, RWC).
A prefix alpha- added to the specific name crenuliventris, a species very similar to the new species.
Body length 3.2–3.6 mm, moderately narrow, elongate; head, pronotum, and abdomen dark brown to nearly black, elytra yellowish brown with triangular apical dark section near suture, legs yellowish brown or reddish brown, and antennae dark brown (Fig.
Known only from NB, Canada.
One specimen was found in coyote dung on the margin of a vernal pond in a jack pine forest and another from moss along a small shaded spring-fed brook in a boreal (spruce–fir) forest. Adults were collected during May and June.
Atheta alphacrenuliventris is very similar externally and genitalically to A. crenuliventris Bernhauer and A. pseudocrenuliventris Klimaszewski. It may be distinguished from those two species by the absence of a crenulated apical margin on male tergite VIII (Fig.
Atheta (Dimetrota) alphacrenuliventris Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n.: 76 habitus in dorsal view 77 median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 78 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 79 male tergite VIII 80 male sternite VIII 81 female tergite VIII 82 female sternite VIII 83 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Canada, New Brunswick, Westmorland Co., Sackville, near Ogden Mill, 45.92155°N, 64.38925°W, 12.V,2006, Scott Makepeace, coll. // black spruce forest, in nest contents of Great Horned Owl – Bubo virginiensis (LFC).
The species name bubo is the generic name of Bubo virginensis, the great horned owl, from the nest contents of which the holotype specimen was found, used in apposition.
Body length 2.8 mm, subparallel, moderately flattened, dark brown with darker head, pronotum, and central part of abdomen, elytra with darker scutellar region, legs yellowish brown (Fig.
This species is known only from a single male found in the nest contents of a great horned owl (Bubo virginensis) in a black spruce forest in May.
Known only from NB, Canada.
The body shape of this species is somewhat similar to species of Atheta picipennis species group, but the genitalia are unique in its form and are not close to any species of Dimetrota.
(For diagnosis, see
New Brunswick, Carleton Co., Jackson Falls, 46.2216°N, 67.7231°W, 8.V.2013, 31.V.2013, R.P. Webster // Meadow/hayfield, in dung in entrance to burrow of Marmota monax (5 ♂, 6 ♀, RWC; 1 ♀,
Specimens from NB were found in dung and litter at the entrance of a woodchuck burrow in a meadow, jack pine forest adjacent to a field, and a hardwood forest adjacent to a meadow. In NF, adults were captured in unbaited and carrion-baited pitfall traps in balsam fir forests and in rotting mushrooms in a mixed forest (
AK, YT, ON, NB, LB, NF (
Atheta (Dimetrota) campbelli (Lohse): 88 habitus in dorsal view 89 median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 90 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 91 male tergite VIII 92 male sternite VIII 93 female tergite VIII 94 female sternite VIII 95 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Canada, New Brunswick, York Co., Charters Settlement, 45.8395°N, 66.7391°W, 26.V.2008, R.P. Webster, coll. // Mixed forest, in decaying moldy corncobs and cornhusks (LFC). Paratypes: Canada, New Brunswick, Northumberland Co., ca. 2.5 km W of Sevogle, 47.0876°N, 65.8613°W, 28.V.2013, R.P. Webster // Old jack pine forest, in coyote dung (1 ♂, AFC; 1 ♂, RWC). Saint John Co., Chance Harbour off Rt. 790, 45.1391°N, 66.3696°W, 16.IX.2008, R.P. Webster, coll. // Mixed forest, in decaying gilled mushroom (1 ♀, RWC). York Co., New Maryland, Charters Settlement, 45.8395°N, 66.7391°W, 22.VIII.2006, 27.IV.2006, 5.IX.2006, 14.VI.2008, 20.VI.2008, 27.VIII.2008, R.P. Webster, coll. // Mixed forest, in pile of decaying (moldy) corncobs & cornhusks (4 ♂, 5 ♀, RWC); same data except 5.IX.2006 (1 ♀,
This species is named after Charters Settlement, the locality where the holotype and most of the paratypes were collected.
Body length 3.4–3.5 mm, narrowly elongate, subparallel; head, pronotum, and most of abdomen except for apical part black, elytra, legs, and antennae brown or light brown (Fig.
Known only from NB, Canada.
Most adults were collected from a pile of decaying moldy corncobs and cornhusks near a composter adjacent to a mixed forest in a residential area. Two individuals were collected from coyote dung in an old jack pine forest; another from a decaying mushroom. Specimens were collected during April, May, June, August, and September.
This species belongs to the Modesta group of Atheta (Dimetrota), with three currently known species: A. (D.) modesta (Melsheimer), A. (D.) pseudomodesta Klimaszewski, and the present new species. All three species share similar body characteristics, similar shape of the spermatheca, ventrally strongly produced apex of the median lobe of the aedeagus, and truncate apical margin of male tergite VIII with angular lateral edges forming more or less distinct teeth. Atheta chartersensis differs from A. modesta and A. pseudomodesta by narrower body (Fig.
Atheta (Dimetrota) chartersensis Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n.: 96 habitus in dorsal view 97 median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 98 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 99 male tergite VIII 100 male sternite VIII 101 female tergite VIII 102 female sternite VIII 103 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Canada, New Brunswick, Queens Co., Cranberry Lake P.N.A., 46.1125°N, 65.6075W, 21–27.V.2009, R. Webster & M.-A. Giguère, coll. // red oak forest, Lindgren funnel trap (LFC). Paratypes: Canada, New Brunswick, Kent Co., Kouchibouguac N.P., near Callanders Beach, 46.8072°N, 64.9082°W, 21.V.2015, R.P. Webster // Margin field/Jack pine forest, in litter in entrance to Marmota monax burrow (1 ♂, 3 ♀, RWC). Queens Co., Cranberry Lake P.N.A., 46.1125°N, 65.6075°W, 12–21.V.2009, R. Webster & M.-A. Giguère // Red oak forest, Lindgren funnel traps (1 ♂, 1 ♀, RWC); same data except 21–27.V.2009 (1 ♀, RWC); Jemseg, 45.8412°N, 66.1195°W, 14–28.V.2012, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Hardwood woodland near seasonally flooded marsh, Lindgren funnel trap 1 m high under Quercus macrocarpa (♂, RWC). York Co., New Maryland, Charters Settlement, 45.8395°N, 66.7391°W, 17.V.2010, 8.V.2011, R.P. Webster // Mixed forest opening, collected with net during evening flight between 16:30 and 19:00 h (1 ♀, RWC); same data except 21.IV.2010 (1 ♀, LFC).
This species is named after Cranberry Lake P.N.A. (Protected Natural Area) where the type specimen and most paratypes were collected.
Body length 3.2–3.8 mm, moderately narrow, subparallel (Fig.
Known only from NB, Canada.
Most adults were captured in Lindgren funnel traps in a red oak forest and a hardwood woodland near a seasonally flooded marsh. Other individuals were collected with a net between 16:30 and 19:00 h in a mixed forest opening. Four individuals were collected from litter from the entrance of a groundhog burrow. It is possible that this species is associated with ground-nesting mammals, but more sampling from this habitat is required. All specimens were captured in May.
This species is externally very similar to Atheta alesi Klimaszewski & Brunke, and has similar body coloration and pubescence pattern with the pubescence appearing soft, but has a much broader and more elongate body (body length 3.2–3.8 mm compared with 2.4–2.6 mm in A. alesi (
Atheta (Dimetrota) cranberriensis Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n.: 104 habitus in dorsal view 105 median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 106 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 107 male tergite VIII 108 male sternite VIII 109 female tergite VIII 110 female sternite VIII 111 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Canada, New Brunswick, Charlotte Co., near New River, 45.21217°N, 66.61595°W, 7.V.2007, R.P. Webster, coll. // Mature eastern white cedar swamp/forest in moss and leaf litter near stream (LFC). Paratypes: Canada, New Brunswick, Carleton Co., Meduxnekeag Valley Nature Preserve, 46.1935°N, 67.6825°W, 19.IV.2005, R.P. Webster, coll. // Mixed forest, in moist moss (1 sex undetermined, LFC; 1 sex undetermined, RWC). Charlotte Co., S of Little Pocologan River, 45.1546°N, 66.6254°W, 7.V.2007, R.P. Webster, coll. // Mature eastern white cedar swamp/forest, in moss & leaf litter (1 ♂, RWC); near New River, 45.21217°N, 66.61595°W, 7.V.2007, R.P. Webster, coll. // Mature eastern white cedar swamp/forest, in moss & leaf litter near stream (1 ♂, RWC); Kent Island, WS, sweeping, 23.VII.2008, Meredith Steck (1 ♀,
This species is dedicated to Marie-Andrée Giguère, wife of Reginald Webster, who has accompanied and assisted him on many collecting trips over the years and whose support made many of the new discoveries in New Brunswick possible.
Body length 2.7 mm, narrowly elongate; head, pronotum, elytra, and abdomen dark brown, legs and antennae light brown (Fig.
Known from ON, NB, and NS, Canada.
In NB, Atheta giguereae was found in mature and old-growth eastern white cedar swamps, a mixed forest, an old-growth northern hardwood forest, and an old white pine stand. Adults were sifted from moss and leaf litter near streams and brooks and from moist moss in these forests. A few individuals were captured in Lindgren funnel traps. Specimens from NS were captured in flight intercept traps in red spruce and red spruce–hemlock forests. Adults were collected from April to mid-August.
We tentatively affiliated this species with the subgenus Dimetrota. The median lobe of the aedeagus of Atheta giguereae resembles that of A. terranovae Klimaszewski & Langor, in general morphology but the spermatheca is of a different type than any of the described Nearctic species.
Atheta (Dimetrota) giguereae Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n.: 112 habitus in dorsal view 113 median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 114 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 115 male tergite VIII 116 male sternite VIII 117 female tergite VIII 118 female sternite VIII 119 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Canada, New Brunswick, Carleton Co., Hay Settlement, 46.0339°N, 67.5797°W, 24.V.2007, S. Makepeace & R. Webster, coll. // nest box contents of Barred Owl (1 litre), moist smelly (urine smell) organic material (mostly wood chips), with small bones and insect parts (LFC). Paratypes: Canada, New Brunswick, Carleton Co., Hay Settlement, 46.0339°N, 67.5797°W, 24.V.2007, S. Makepeace & R. Webster, coll. // nest box contents of Barred Owl (1 litre), moist smelly (urine smell) organic material (mostly wood chips), with small bones and insect parts (1 ♀, LFC); Benton, 45.99611°N, 67.58640°W, 24.V.2007, S. Makepeace & R. Webster, coll. // Nest contents of Barred Owl, young chicks present, moist smelly organic material and regurgitated pellets, feathers, fur, & small bones (1 ♀, RWC); Jackson Falls, “Bell Forest”, 46.2200°N, 67.7230°W, 7.VIII.2009, R.P. Webster // Rich Appalachian Hardwood Forest, on gilled mushroom (1 ♀, RWC). Queens Co., Rees, near Grand Lake, 46.00164°N, 65.94656°W, 29.V.2007, S. Makepeace & R. Webster, coll. // Nest contents of Barred Owl, moist smelly organic material and regurgitated pellets, feathers, fur, & small bones (1 ♂, RWC).
This species is named in honor of Scott Makepeace who collected the contents from barred owl (Strix varia Barton) nests that contained most specimens of this species.
Body length 2.7 mm, moderately narrowly elongate; head, pronotum, and most of abdomen except for basal part black, antennae, legs brown, and elytra brown mottled with black (Fig.
Known only from NB, Canada.
Four of the adults were collected from the nest contents of barred owls (which nest in tree holes) that consisted of moist smelly organic material with regurgitated pellets, feathers, fur, and small bones. Another specimen was found in a gilled mushroom. It is possible that this species is associated with birds and other species that nest in tree holes. This species was found in old hardwood forests during May and August.
The aedeagus of Atheta makepeacei is unique for the triangular apical part of the tubus and the narrow apex in lateral view (Fig.
Atheta (Dimetrota) makepeacei Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n.: 120 habitus in dorsal view 121 median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 122 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 123 male tergite VIII 124 male sternite VIII 125 female tergite VIII 126 female sternite VIII 127 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Canada, New Brunswick, Northumberland Co., ca. 2.5 km W of Sevogle, 47.0876°N, 65.8613°W, 27.VIII.2013, R.P. Webster // Old jack pine forest, in rotting gilled mushroom (LFC). Paratype. New Brunswick, Northumberland Co., ca. 2.5 km W of Sevogle, 47.0876°N, 65.8613°W, 27.VIII.2013, R.P. Webster // Old jack pine forest, in rotting gilled mushroom (1 ♂, RWC).
Named for Dr. Donald McAlpine, Curator and Head, Zoology Section of the New Brunswick Museum in recognition of his work studying and promoting research on the invertebrate and vertebrate fauna of NB.
Body length 2.9–3.0 mm, broadest at elytra; head, pronotum, and abdomen dark brown to nearly black, elytra yellowish brown mottled with dark brown, legs, bases of antennae, and maxillary palps yellowish brown (Fig.
Known only from NB, Canada.
Specimens were collected from rotting gilled mushrooms in a jack pine forest.
This species bears some general resemblance to Atheta remulsa Casey from which it differs by less transverse antennal articles VII-X, darker elytra (Fig.
Canada, New Brunswick, Westmorland Co., Petit Cap, 46.1879°N, 64.1503°W, 17.VI.2014, M.-A. Giguère & R.P. Webster, coll. // sandy sea beach, under sea wrack and grass debris (LFC). Paratypes: Same data as the holotype (1 ♀, LFC; 3 ♀, RWC); same data except: 19.VI.2012, R.P. Webster & D. Sabine, coll. // sandy barrier sea beach, sifting drift material, mostly dried/decaying sea wrack (1 ♀, LFC; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, RWC)
Named after the village of Petit Cap where the holotype and paratypes were collected.
Body length 2.7–2.9 mm, [narrow], narrowly elongate, broadest at elytra, dark brown to nearly black, with legs and last article of maxillary palps yellowish brown (Fig.
Known only from NB, Canada.
Natural History. Adults of this species were found under sea wrack and grass debris on a sea beach in the upper intertidal zone.
This species is superficially similar externally to species of the genus Psammostiba Yosii and Sawada, but has differently shaped mouth parts and genitalia. We include this species in the subgenus Dimetrota on the basis of body pubescence pattern, forebody punctation, and the type of genitalia.
Atheta (Dimetrota) petitcapensis Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n.: 133 habitus in dorsal view 134 median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 135 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 136 male tergite VIII 137 male sternite VIII 138 female tergite VIII 139 female sternite VIII 140 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Canada, New Brunswick, York Co., Charters Settlement, 45.8267°N, 66.7343°W, 16.IV.2005, R.P. Webster, coll. // Carex marsh in Sphagnum hummocks (LFC). Paratypes: Canada, New Brunswick, Queens Co., Upper Gagetown, bog adjacent to Hwy 2, 45.8316°N, 66.2346°W, 12.IV.2006, R.P. Webster, coll. // Tamarack bog, in sphagnum hummocks & litter at bog margin (1 ♂, RWC). Saint John Co., Chance Harbour off Rt. 790, 45.1355°N, 66.3672°W, 15.V.2006, R.P. Webster, coll. // Calcareous fen, in sphagnum & litter in depression with Carex (1 ♂, RWC).
The specific name, sphagnicola, meaning “living on Sphagnum”, is in reference to the Sphagnum hummocks where the holotype was collected.
Body length 3.4 mm, narrowly elongate, subparallel; head, pronotum, and abdomen dark brown to almost black, elytra yellowish reddish brown with base and scutellar area darker (Fig.
Known only from NB, Canada.
The three known individuals of this species were collected from sphagnum in a Carex marsh, a calcareous fen, and a tamarack bog. Adults were collected during April and May.
This species is very distinct in its genital structures. It is superficially similar to A. (D.) venti (Lohse) in terms of having a broad tubus of the median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view. For illustration of A. (D.) venti see
Canada, New Brunswick, York Co., Kingsclear Mazerolle Settlement, 45.8729°N, 66.8311°W, 28.IV.2006, R.P. Webster, coll. // Stream margin in grass litter on muddy soil (LFC). Paratypes: Canada, British Columbia, Monashee Mtn., near Cherryville, 1400–1600 m, 10.VIII.1982, leg. R. Baronowski (BWRS) (1 ♀, LUC); New Denver, 13.VIII.1982, leg. R. Baronowski (BWRS) (1 ♀, LUC); 15 km E New Denver, Zincton Summit, 13.VIII.1982, leg. R. Baronowski (BWRS) (1 ♀, LUC); New Brunswick, Albert Co., Mary’s Point, 21.VIII.2003, salt marsh, C.G. Majka (1 ♀, LFC); Shepody N.W.A., Germantown Section, 45.7056°N, 64.7642°W, 17.V.2004, R.P. Webster, coll. // Cattail/sedge marsh, in marsh litter (1 ♀,
The specific name, pseudoschistoglossa, is an adjective derived from the generic name Schistoglossa, with the prefix pseudo added, reflecting the superficial similarities of this species to the members of the latter genus.
Body length 2.9 mm, narrowly elongate, subparallel; head, pronotum, and abdomen dark brown, elytra rust brown mottled with black, legs and antennae light brown (Fig.
Known from AK, BC, and NB, most likely transcontinental in northern Canada.
Most adults of A. pseudoschistoglossa were found in or near wetland habitats. These included among cobblestones, drift material, and flood debris along river margins, moist leaves along vernal pond margin in a silver maple swamp, in leaf litter and moss along brook margins in alder swamps, and in litter at base of red maple, in Carex hummock in Carex marshes, in leaf litter in a red oak forest near a flooded seasonally flooded marsh, in a salt marsh, in marsh litter in a Carex–sedge marsh, and in litter and sphagnum at the base of a tree in a marsh. A few adults were captured in Lindgren funnel traps in a hardwood woodland near a seasonally flooded marsh and in an old mixed forest. Adults were collected from mid-April to August.
The subgeneric position of this species is unsettled. It bears a superficial resemblance to members of the genus Schistoglossa but does not have the apical parts of the mandibles split. It does not belong to Boreophilia because of the very narrow body and different type of aedeagus and spermatheca. In Boreophilia, the median lobe of aedeagus is broad with the bulbus enlarged and broadly connected to tubus in dorsal view, the venter of tubus is approximately straight in lateral view, and the spermatheca is differently shaped (for illustrations of genitalia of Canadian Borephilia see
Atheta (sensu lato) pseudoschistoglossa Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n.: 146 habitus in dorsal view 147 median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 148 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 149 male tergite VIII 150 male sternite VIII 151 female tergite VIII 152 female sternite VIII 153 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Canada, New Brunswick, Charlotte Co., 10 km NW of New River Beach, 45.2110 N, 66.6170°W, 17–31.V.2010, R. Webster & C. MacKay, coll. // old growth Eastern White Cedar forest, Lindgren funnel trap (LFC). Paratypes: Canada, New Brunswick, Carleton Co., Jackson Falls, “Bell Forest”, 46.2200°N, 67.7231°W, 12–19.VI.2008, R.P. Webster, coll. // Rich Appalachian hardwood forest with some conifers, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♂, RWC). Charlotte Co., 10 km NW of New River Beach, 45.2110 N, 66.6170°W, 30.IV-17.V.2010, 17–31.V.2010, R. Webster & C. MacKay, coll. // old growth Eastern White Cedar forest, Lindgren funnel traps (4 ♀, RWC). York Co., Charters Settlement, 45.8395°N, 66.7391°W, 26.V.2008, R.P. Webster coll. // mixed forest, in decaying moldy corncobs and cornhusks (1 ♀, LFC).
The specific name, thujae, is an adjective derived from the generic name Thuja, in reference to the dominant tree species, Thuja occidentalis L., where the holotype and most paratypes were collected.
Body length 2.9–3.0 mm, narrowly subparallel; head, posterior part of abdomen, impressions of abdominal tergites, and medioapical parts of antennae dark brown, with remainder of body yellowish (Fig.
Known only from NB, Canada.
Specimens were captured in Lindgren funnel traps in an old-growth eastern white cedar forest, a rich Appalachian hardwood forest with some conifers, and from decaying moldy corncobs and cornhusks in a mixed forest. Adults were collected during May and June.
This species is unique in the shape of its genitalic features, and there are no closely related species as far as we know.
Atheta (sensu lato) thujae Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n.: 154 habitus in dorsal view 155 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 156 male tergite VIII 157 male sternite VIII 158 female tergite VIII 159 female sternite VIII 160 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
(For diagnosis, see
USA, Maine, Frost, 1654; 153; klagesi Brh., Cotypus; Fenyes; Chicago NHMus, M. Bernhauer Collection;
Atheta klagesi is very similar to the next species, A. pseudoklagesi, and may be distinguished from it by the following combination of characters: body slightly smaller in size and more glossy, yellowish areas on elytra more intense, coloration of legs, bases of antennae and maxillary palps more intense yellowish, and overall body color more contrasting (Fig.
Currently recorded from YT, BC, AB, SK, ON, QC, NB, NS, PE, LB and NF (
Atheta (Pseudota) klagesi Bernhauer: 161 habitus in dorsal view 162 median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 163 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 164 enlarged apical part of tubus in lateral view 165 male tergite VIII 166 male sternite VIII 167 female tergite VIII 168 female sternite VIII 169 spermatheca 162–166 based on lectotype. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Canada, New Brunswick, York Co., New Maryland, Charters Settlement, 45.8340°N, 66.7450°W, 11.VIII.2007, R.P. Webster, coll. // Mature mixed forest, in coral fungi on Populus log (LFC). Paratypes: Canada, New Brunswick, Restigouche Co., Dionne Brook P.N.A., 47.9064°N, 68.3441°W, 23.VIII.2011, R.P. Webster // Old-growth white spruce & balsam fir forest, in decaying gilled mushroom (1 ♂, 3 ♀, RWC); same locality as previous but 31.V-15.VI.2011, 27.VI-14.VII.2011, M. Roy & V. Webster, coll. // Old-growth white spruce & balsam fir forest, flight intercept traps (1 ♂, 3 ♀, RWC); off Bellone Road, 47.7755°N, 68.2501°W, 24.VIII.2011, R.P. Webster & M. Turgeon // Old spruce & fir forest, mossy forest floor, in gilled mushrooms of various stages of decay (1 ♂, RWC). Sunbury Co., Acadia Research Forest, 45.9799°N, 66.3394°W, 18.IX.2007, R.P. Webster, coll. // Road 7 control, mature red spruce & red maple forest, in gilled mushroom (1 ♂, RWC). York Co., New Maryland, Charters Settlement, 45.8286°N, 66.7365°W, 3.VI.2007, R.P. Webster, coll. // Mature red spruce forest, under bark of red spruce (1 ♂, RWC); 8.4 km W of Tracy, off Rt 645, 45.6821°N, 66.7894°W, 6.V.2008, R.P. Webster coll. // wet alder swamp, in fleshy polypore fungi base of dead standing Populus sp. (1 ♂, 1 ♀,
The name of this species derives from the species name klagesi and the prefix pseudo-, false, in allusion to its similarity to that species.
Body length 2.6–2.8 mm, narrowly oval; head, pronotum, and posterior part of abdomen dark brown to nearly black, elytra dark brown with two oblique yellowish-brown bands, each ranging from shoulder to lower elytral suture; legs, bases of antennae, maxillary palpi, and often basal part of abdomen yellowish brown (Fig.
This is a sibling species of A. klagesi and was confused with the latter in collections. It may be distinguished from A. klagesi by the following combination of characters: size slightly larger, body less glossy, legs, bases of antennae, maxillary palps and bands on elytra less intensely yellowish in coloration, body color less contrasting overall; median lobe of aedeagus with tubus longer, with apex shaped slightly differently in lateral view; spermatheca very similarly shaped in the two species, and females may be difficult to identify without accompanying males.
Currently known only from NB, Canada, but because of confusion with A. klagesi, this species will undoubtedly prove to be more widespread.
Adults of this species were found in mature mixed forest, old-growth and old white spruce and balsam fir forests, a mature red spruce forest, and in a wet alder swamp. Specimens were collected from coral fungi on a Populus log, fleshy polypore fungi at base of a dead standing Populus, in decaying gilled mushrooms, in gilled mushrooms, and under bark of red spruce. Adults were collected from May to September.
In the past, the two sibling species were mixed together and identified as A. klagesi. All material across Canada needs to be reexamined to understand the true distribution of the two species. In this paper, only NB specimens were reevaluated.
Atheta (Pseudota) pseudoklagesi Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n.: 170 habitus in dorsal view 171 median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 172 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 173 male tergite VIII 174 male sternite VIII 175 female tergite VIII 176 female sternite VIII 177 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
(For diagnosis, see
Additional New Brunswick record. Restigouche Co., Dionne Brook P.N.A., 47.9064°N, 68.3441°W, 31.V-15.VI.2011, M. Roy & V. Webster, coll. // Old-growth white spruce & balsam fir forest, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♀, RWC).
NB (
Several females originally thought to possibly be D. curtipenis (
Dinaraea curtipenis Klimaszewski & Webster: 178 habitus in dorsal view 179 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 180 male tergite VIII 181 male sternite VIII 182 female tergite VIII 183 female sternite VIII 184 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
(For diagnosis, see
Additional New Brunswick records. York Co., 15 km W of Tracy, off Rt. 645, 45.6848°N, 66.8821°W, 26.IV-10.V.2010, R. Webster & C. MacKay, coll. // Old red pine forest, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♀, RWC); Canterbury, Eel River P.N.A., 45.8966°N, 66.6345°W, 2–20.VI.2014, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Old-growth eastern white cedar swamp & fen, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♀, LFC).
NB (
A female externally very similar to males of D. longipenis was mentioned by
Dinaraea longipenis Klimaszewski & Webster: 185 habitus in dorsal view 186 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 187 male tergite VIII 188 male sternite VIII 189 female tergite VIII 190 female sternite VIII 191 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
(For diagnosis, see
New Brunswick, Charlotte Co., 10 km NW of New River Beach, 45.2110°N, 66.6170°W, 17–31.V.2010, R. Webster & C. MacKay, coll. // Old-growth eastern white cedar forest, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♀, LFC). Northumberland Co., ca. 2.5 km W of Sevogle, 47.0876°N, 65.8613°W, 11–26.VI.2013, 27.VIII-4.IX.2013, 27.V-11.VI.2014, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Old jack pine forest, Lindgren funnel traps (1 ♂ 1 ♀, LFC; 1 ♂, 2 ♀, RWC); Upper Graham Plains, 47.1001°N, 66.8154°W, 28.V-10.VI.VII.2014, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Old black spruce forest, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♀, RWC). Queens Co., Cranberry Lake P.N.A., 46.1125°N, 65.6075°W, 3–13.V.2011, 7–22.VI.2011, M. Roy & V. Webster // Red oak forest, Lindgren funnel traps (1 ♀, LFC, 2 ♀, RWC). Restigouche Co., Jacquet River Gorge P.N.A., 47.8257°N, 66.0764°W, 29.V-10.VI.2014, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Old Populus balsamifera stand near river, Lindgren funnel trap 1 m high under trees (2 ♂, RWC). York Co., 15 km W of Tracy, off Rt. 645, 45.6848°N, 66.8821°W, 4–16.VI.2010, R. Webster & C. MacKay, coll. // Old red pine forest, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♀, RWC); Keswick Ridge, 45.9962°N, 66.8781°W, 22.V-4.VI.2014, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Mixed forest, Lindgren funnel trap, 1 m high under trees (1 ♀, RWC).
All specimens of D. subdepressa from NB were captured in Lindgren funnel traps in the following forest types: an old jack pine forest, a red pine forest, an old-growth eastern white cedar forest, an old black spruce forest, mixed forests, a red oak forest, and an old balsam poplar forest near a river. Little is known about the biology and microhabitat requirements of this species. Other members of the genus live in subcortical habitats and may play a role as natural enemies of bark beetles and other subcortical insects (
NB (New Canadian record).
Dinarea subdepressa (Bernhauer) was previously known only from NH in the USA (
(For diagnosis, see
New Brunswick, Restigouche Co., ca. 3 km SE of Simpsons Field, 47.5277°N, 66.5142°W, 25.VI-10.VII.2015, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Old cedar & spruce forest with Populus balsamifera & P. tremuloides, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♀, RWC).
Females of this myrmecophilous species were collected from nests of Myrmica alaskensis Wheeler, the only known host ant species (
BC, AB, QC, NB, LB (
Paragoniusa myrmicae Maruyama & Klimaszewski: 199 habitus in dorsal view 200 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 201 aedeagus in ventral view 202 male tergite VIII 203 female tergite VIII 204 female sternite VIII 205 spermatheca 200–201 modified from
Canada, New Brunswick, Queens Co., C.F.B. Gagetown, 45.7516°N, 66.1866°W, 16.VIII.2013, R.P. Webster // Old mixed forest with Quercus rubra, in decaying mushroom (LFC). Paratypes: Canada, New Brunswick, Northumberland Co., ca. 2.5 km W of Sevogle, 47.0876°N, 65.8613°W, 21.VIII.2013, R.P. Webster // Old jack pine forest, in rotten Boletus mushroom (1 ♀, RWC); same data except 27.VIII.2013 // In rotten gilled mushroom (1 ♂, 2 ♀, LFC; 1 ♂, RWC). Queens Co., C.F.B. Gagetown, 45.7516°N, 66.1866°W, 31.VII.2013, R.P. Webster // Old mixed forest with Quercus rubra, in decaying mushroom (1 ♂, RWC); same data except 16.VIII.2013 (1 ♀, LFC; 1 ♀, RWC); same data except 28.VIII.2013 (1 ♂, LFC; 2 ♂, RWC).
Atypicalis is a Latin adjective meaning not typical, in reference to the atypical shape of the median lobe of the aedeagus of this species, for Philhygra.
Body length 3.2 mm, narrow, subparallel, antennae, head, pronotum, and posterior abdomen dark brown, legs and elytra rust brown, latter mottled with black (Fig.
Known only from NB, Canada.
Adults of Philhygra atypicalis were collected from rotten bolete mushrooms in an old jack pine forest and from decaying mushrooms in an old mixed forest with Quercus rubra. Specimens were collected during July and August.
Philhygra atypicalis externally agrees with all characteristics of the genus Philhygra but does not have the typical shape of the median lobe of the aedeagus (Figs
Philhygra atypicalis Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n.: 206 habitus in dorsal view 207 median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 208 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 209 male tergite VIII 210 male sternite VIII 211 female tergite VIII 212 female sternite VIII 213 spermatheca 214, 215, mandibles 216 maxilla 217 mentum and labium 218 labrum. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
(For description, see
New Brunswick, Carleton Co., Jackson Falls, 46.2257°N, 67.7437°W, 12.IX.2009, R.P. Webster, coll. // River margin near waterfall, splashing moss near splash zone of waterfall (1 ♂, RWC); Belleville, Meduxnekeag Valley Nature Preserve, 46.1897°N, 67.6761°W, 31.VII.2009, R.P. Webster, coll. // Rich Appalachian Hardwood Forest, in gravel on margin of shaded spring-fed brook near small waterfall (1 ♂, RWC). Madawaska Co., Gagné Brook at First Lake, 47.6077°N, 68.2534°W, 23.VI.2010, M. Turgeon & R. Webster // northern hardwood forest, shaded brook, among gravel on gravel bar, splashing and turning gravel (1 ♂, RWC). Restigouche Co., Jacquet River Gorge P.N.A., 47.8010°N, 66.0968°W, 14.VIII.2010, R.P. Webster // Cold shaded brook, in gravel (1 ♀, RWC). Saint John Co., Saint John, Taylor’s Island, 45.2238°N, 66.1265°W, 24.VIII.2004, R.P. Webster, coll. // Sea beach, under decaying seaweed (1 ♂, 1 ♀, LFC; 1 ♂, RWC).
Body length 3.4 mm, narrow, subparallel; antennae, head, pronotum, and abdomen dark brown, legs and elytra yellowish brown (Fig.
In NB, P. hygrotopora were found by splashing moss near the splash zone of a waterfall, in gravel on the margin of a shaded spring-fed brook near a waterfall, among gravel on a gravel bar along a shaded brook in a northern hardwood forest, and in gravel along a cold shaded brook. A few individuals were found under decaying seaweed on a sea beach. Adults were collected during June, July, August, and September.
NB (New North American record). This is the first record of this species in North America.
It is unclear if this is an adventive species in North America or a Holarctic one. The habitats that this species was found in are rarely sampled in North America and are not typical for adventive species.
(For diagnosis, see
New Brunswick, Albert Co., Caledonia Gorge P.N.A., 45.7985°N, 64.7755°W, 18.VIII.2012, R.P. Webster // Crooked Creek near Caledonia Brook, splashing sun-exposed moss covered rocks (1 ♂,
In NB, P. larsoni was found mostly in wetland habitats. Adults were found by splashing sun-exposed moss-covered rocks in a small river, treading Carex hummocks into water along pond margins, treading vegetation near a small pond in a seasonally flooded marsh, sifting moist grass litter near stream and pond margins, a red maple swamp, and sedge marshes, sifting grass and leaf litter on a hummock in a wet alder swamp, and sifting drift material on a lake margin. Nothing was previously known about the habitat associations of this species. In NF, P. larsoni was collected from May to August without specific habitat data (
NB, NF (
Philhygra larsoni Klimaszewski & Langor: 226 habitus in dorsal view 227 median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 228 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 229 male tergite VIII 230 male sternite VIII 231 female tergite VIII 232 female sternite VIII 233 female pygydium. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
(For diagnosis, see
New Brunswick, Queens Co., W of Jemseg near “Trout Creek”, 45.8255°N, 66.1174°W, 1.VII.2008, R.P. Webster, coll. // Seasonally flooded marsh, treading vegetation near margin of pool (4 ♂, 2 ♀, RWC). Sunbury Co., Burton, near Sunpoke Lake, 45.7658°N, 66.5546°W, 3.VII.2008, R.P. Webster, coll. // Red oak forest near flooded marsh, in leaf litter (1 ♂, 1 ♀, RWC); Gilbert Island, 45.8770°N, 66.2954°W, 8–21.VIII.2012, C. Alderson, C. Hughes, & V. Webster // Hardwood forest, Lindgren funnel trap 1 m high under Tilia americana (1 ♂, AFC). York Co., Charters Settlement, 45.8340°N, 66.7450°W, 29.V.2008, R.P. Webster, coll. // Mature mixed forest, margin of vernal pond among moist leaves (1 ♂, 1 ♀, RWC); Douglas, Currie Mountain, 45.9844°N, 66.7592°W, 3–15.V.2013, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Mixed forest with Quercus rubra, Lindgren funnel trap 1 m high under Q. rubra (1 ♂, RWC).
Philhygra proterminalis was found in various wetland habitats in NB. Adults were collected by treading vegetation near a vernal pool margin in a seasonally flooded marsh, sifting leaf litter in a red oak forest near a flooded seasonally flooded marsh, and by sifting moist leaves along a vernal pond margin in a mixed forest. Two individuals were captured in Lindgren funnel traps in a hardwood and mixed forest.
ON, NB (
(For diagnosis, see
New Brunswick, Northumberland Co., Goodfellow Brook P.N.A., 46.8943°N, 65.3796°W, 23.V.2007, R.P. Webster, coll. // Old-growth eastern white cedar swamp, in litter, grasses & moss on hummocks near water (1 ♂, RWC). Restigouche Co., Summit Lake, 47.7825°N, 68.3199°W, 7.VI.2011, R.P. Webster // Lake margin, Carex marsh, treading Carex hummocks and emergent vegetation (1 ♂, RWC); Wild Goose Lake, 420 m elev., 47.8540°N, 68.3219°W, 7.VI.2011, 20.VI.2011, R.P. Webster // Lake margin with emergent Carex and grasses, treading Carex and grasses (2 ♂, RWC). Saint John Co., ca. 2 km NE of Maces Bay, 45.1161°N, 66.4560°W, 8.V.2006, R.P. Webster, coll. // Eastern white cedar swamp, in sphagnum and litter near brook (1 ♀, RWC). York Co., Charters Settlement, 45.8395°N, 66.7391°W, 17.V.2010, R.P. Webster // Mixed forest opening, collected with net during evening flight between 16:30 and 18:00 h (1 ♂, RWC).
Most specimens of P. pseudolarsoni from NB were found in wetland habitats. Adults were sifted from litter, grasses, and moss on hummocks near water and sifting sphagnum and litter near a brook in eastern white cedar swamps, and treading Carex hummocks and emergent vegetation in a Carex marsh along lake margins. One individual was collected with a net between 16:30 and 18:00 h in a mixed forest opening during a warm evening. The type and paratypes from the YT were sifted from soil litter from deciduous and mixed forests (
YT, NB (
Philhygra pseudolarsoni Klimaszewski & Godin: 241 habitus in dorsal view 242 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 243 male tergite VIII 244 male sternite VIII 245 female tergite VIII 246 female sternite VIII 247 female pygydium. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
(For diagnosis, see
New Brunswick, Madawaska Co., Third Lake, 47.7786°N, 68.3783°W, 21.VI.2010, R.P. Webster // Partially shaded brook, gravel/clay margin under alders (1 ♂, RWC); Jalbert Brook, 262 m elev., 47.6470°N, 68.3026°W, 23.VI.2010, R.P. Webster // Old-growth mixed forest, shaded brook, on clay/fine sand bar, collected by splashing (2 ♂, 2 ♀, RWC). Restigouche Co., Jacquet River Gorge P.N.A., 47.8204°N, 66.0833°W, 14.VI.2009, R.P. Webster, coll. // River margin, splashing drift material (mostly small sticks and conifer bud debris) (1 ♂, RWC); Kedgwick Forks, 47.9085°N, 67.9057°W, 22.VI.2010, R.P. Webster // River margin, on clay/sand under alders (3 ♂, 1 ♀, RWC).
Most adults of P. terrestris from NB were collected from shaded sites along brook and river margins. Specimens were found among gravel and clay under alders, by splashing clay and fine sand on sand bars along shaded brooks, and splashing drift material consisting of small sticks and conifer bud debris along a river margin. The type specimen from the YT was sifted from litter in a mixed forest during late May (
YT, SK, NB (
Philhygra terrestris Klimaszewski & Godin: 248 habitus in dorsal view 249 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 250 male tergite VIII 251 male sternite VIII 252 female tergite VIII 253 female sternite VIII 254 female pygydium. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Canada, New Brunswick, Albert Co., Caledonia Gorge P.N.A., 45.7930°N, 64.7764°W, 1.VII.2011, R.P. Webster, coll. // small rocky clear-cold river (Caledonia Creek), sifting drift material, tree bud material, in eddy area (LFC). Paratypes: Canada, New Brunswick, same data as for holotype (2 ♂, 1 ♀, RWC). Restigouche Co., Jacquet River Gorge P.N.A., 47.8204°N, 66.0833°W, 14.VI.2009, R.P. Webster // Jacquet River, river margin among cobblestones (1 ♀, LFC; 1 ♀, RWC).
This species is named for our colleague Georges Pelletier (LFC) who participated in many of our entomology projects.
Body length 3.3–3.5 mm, narrowly oval, uniformly dark piceous with tibiae, tarsi, and base of antennae and mouthparts reddish brown (Fig.
Known only from NB, Canada.
Adults of S. pelletieri were sifted from drift material (tree bud material) along the margin of a small clear-cold river in an eddy area and found among cobblestones along a fast-flowing river. Specimens were collected during June and July.
This species is readily distinguishable from other members of the subgenus by its large (3.3–3.5 mm long) dark piceous body, small head, and distinctively shaped genitalia (Figs
Schistoglossa (Schistoglossa) pelletieri Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n.: 255 habitus in dorsal view 256 median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 257 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 258 male tergite VIII 259 male sternite VIII 260 female tergite VIII 261 female sternite VIII 262 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
(For diagnosis, see
New Brunswick, Restigouche Co., Dionne Brook P.N.A., 47.9030°N, 68.3503°W, 25.V.2011, R.P. Webster // Old-growth northern hardwood forest, in moose dung (1 ♀, RWC); Dionne Brook P.N.A., 47.9064°N, 68.3441°W, 15–27.VI.2011, M. Roy & V. Webster // Lindgren funnel trap, Old-growth white spruce and balsam fir forest (1 ♀, RWC).
One NB specimen was collected from moose dung in an old-growth northern hardwood forest; another was captured in a Lindgren funnel trap in an adjacent old-growth white spruce and balsam fir forest. In NF, adults were collected from pitfall traps in fir and riparian forests (
BC, AB, SK, ON, QC, NB, NS, NF (
Seeversiella globicollis (Bernhauer): 263 habitus in dorsal view 264 median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 265 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 266 male tergite VIII 267 male sternite VIII 268 female tergite VIII 269 female sternite VIII 270 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
(For diagnosis, see
New Brunswick, Queens Co., Canning, Grand Lake, Goat Island, 46.0110°N, 66.0133°W, 8.VIII.2007, R.P. Webster, coll. // Lake shore on cobblestone beach, under cobblestone on moist sand (1 ♀, RWC).
The single specimen from NB was found under a cobblestone on moist sand on a lake margin. Elsewhere, specimens have been found in various open habitats (
YT, ON, QC, NB, NS, PE, LB, NF (
Strigota ambigua (Erichson): 271 habitus in dorsal view 272 median lobe of aedeagus in ventral view 273 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 274 male tergite VIII 275 male sternite VIII 276 female tergite VIII 277 female sternite VIII 278 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
(For diagnosis and illustrations, see
New Brunswick, Northumberland Co., ca. 2.5 km W of Sevogle, 47.0876°N, 65.8613°W, 26.VI-6.VII.2013, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Old jack pine forest, in Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♀, RWC). York Co., Fredericton, at Saint John River, 45.9588°N, 66.6254°W, 7.VI.2005, R.P. Webster, coll. // River margin, in flood debris (1 ♀, RWC); Charters Settlement, 45.8395°N, 66.7391°W, 5.X.2005, R.P. Webster, coll. // Residential lawn, on soil at base of grass (1 ♀, RWC).
In NB, S. obscurata were found in flood debris on a river margin, on soil at the base of grass in a residential lawn, and captured in a Lindgren funnel trap in an old jack pine forest.
ON, NB (
Strigota obscurata Klimaszewski & Brunke: 279 habitus in dorsal view 280 median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 281 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 282 male tergite VIII 283 male sternite VIII 284 female tergite VIII 285 female sternite VIII 286 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
(For diagnosis see
New Brunswick, Carleton Co., Jackson Falls, “Bell Forest”, 46.2200°N, 67.7231°W, 2–12.VI.2008, 12–19.VI.2008, 5–12.VII.2008, R.P. Webster, coll. // Rich Appalachian hardwood forest with some conifers, Lindgren funnel traps (2 ♂, 2 ♀, LFC); same data but 1–8.VI.2009, 8–16.VI.2009, 21–28.VI.2009, R. Webster & M.-A. Giguère, coll. // Rich Appalachian hardwood forest with some conifers, Lindgren funnel traps (3 ♂, 2 ♀, RWC). Charlotte Co., 5.2 km NW of Pomeroy Ridge, 45.3087°N, 67.4362°W, 16.VI.2008, R.P. Webster, coll. // Red maple swamp, in sphagnum with grasses near vernal pond (1 ♂, LFC; 1 ♀, RWC). Northumberland Co., ca, 2.5 km W of Sevogle, 47.0876°N, 65.8613°W, 28.V-11.VI.2013, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Old Pinus banksiana stand, Lindgren funnel trap (3 sex undetermined, AFC); ca. 1.5 km NW of Sevogle, 47.0939°N, 65.8387°W, 28.V-11.VI.2013, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Populus tremuloides stand with a few conifers, Lindgren funnel trap 1 m high under P. tremuloides (1 sex undetermined, AFC). Saint John Co., Chance Harbour off Rt. 790, 45.1355°N, 66.3672°W, 12.V.2008, R.P. Webster, coll. // Calcareous fen, in sphagnum & litter in depressions with Carex (1 ♂, RWC). Sunbury Co., Acadia Research Forest, 45.9866°N, 66.3841°W, 19–25.V.2009, 25.V-2.VI.2009, 2–16.VI.2009, R. Webster & M.-A. Giguère, coll. // Red spruce forest with red maple and balsam fir, Lindgren funnel traps (2 ♂, AFC; 1 ♀, RWC). York Co., 15 km W of Tracy, off Rt. 645, 45.6848°N, 66.8821°W, 1–8.VI.2009, 28.VI-7.VII.2009, R. Webster & M.-A. Giguère, coll. // Red pine forest, Lindgren funnel traps (1 ♂, 1 ♀, RWC).
Most adults from NB were captured in Lindgren funnel traps in the following forest types: rich Appalachian hardwood forest, old jack pine stand, trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) stand, red spruce forest with red maple and balsam fir, and a red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) forest. Specimens with microhabitat data were sifted from sphagnum and grasses near a vernal pond in a red maple swamp, and sphagnum and litter in depressions with Carex in a calcareous fen. In ON,
ON, NB (
Trichiusa hirsuta Casey: 287 habitus in dorsal view 288 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 289 median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 290 male tergite VIII 291 male sternite VIII 292 female tergite VIII 293 female sternite VIII 294 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
(For diagnosis, see
New Brunswick, Queens Co., Grand Lake at Youngs Cove, 45.96358°N, 65.99793°W, 4.VIII.2005, R.P. Webster, coll. // Lake margin, cobblestone beach, under cobblestones (2 ♀, RWC). Sunbury Co., Gilbert Island, 45.8770°N, 66.2954°W, 12–29.VI.2012, C. Alderson, C. Hughes & V. Webster // Hardwood forest, Lindgren funnel trap in canopy of Populus tremuloides (1 ♂, RWC).
Two individuals were collected from under cobblestones along a lakeshore in August, another was captured in a Lindgren trap in the canopy of a trembling aspen in a hardwood forest in June. In Alberta, one female was collected with a window trap and in British Columbia, specimens were found in bison dung (
BC, AB, ON, NB, NS (
Trichiusa pilosa Casey: 295 habitus in dorsal view 296 median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 297 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 298 male tergite VIII 299 male sternite VIII 300 female tergite VIII 301 female sternite VIII 302 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
(For diagnosis, see
New Brunswick, York Co., Fredericton, at Saint John River, 45.9588°N, 66.6254°W, 4.VII.2004, R.P. Webster // Margin of river, in drift material, mostly maple seeds (1 sex undetermined, LFC); Charters Settlement, 45.8395°N, 66.7391°W, 6.IX.2005, 16.IX.2005, 25.IX.2005, 27.IX.2005, 28.IX.2005, 23.IV.2008, 27.IV.2008, R.P. Webster, coll. // Mixed forest, in compost (decaying vegetable matter) (4 ♂, 1 ♀, 3 sex undetermined, LFC; 3 ♂, 3 ♀, 3 sex undetermined, RWC).
Most individuals of T. robustula from NB were sifted from compost near a mixed forest during April and September. The species was very common at this site. One individual from a river margin was sifted during July from drift material consisting mostly of maple seeds.
ON, NB (
Canada, New Brunswick, Queens Co., Jemseg, 45.8412°N, 66.1195°W, 21.VIII-7.IX.2012, C. Hughes & K. Van Rooyen // hardwood woodland near seasonally flooded marsh, Lindgren funnel trap in canopy of Quercus macrocarpa (LFC). Paratypes: Canada, New Brunswick, Queens Co., Jemseg, 45.8412°N, 66.1195°W, 2–14.V.2012, C. Hughes & R. Webster // hardwood woodland near seasonally flooded marsh, Lindgren funnel trap 1 m under Quercus macrocarpa (1 ♂, RWC); Grand Lake meadows P.N.A., 45.8227°N, 66.1209°W, 31.V-15.VI.2010, R. Webster & C. MacKay, coll. // Old silver maple forest with green ash and seasonally flooded marsh, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♀, LFC); same data but 15–31.V.2010 (1 ♂, 1 ♀, RWC); same data but 29.VI-12.VII.2010, R. Webster, C. MacKay, M. Laity & R. Johns, coll. (1 ♂, RWC). Sunbury Co., Burton, Sunpoke Lake, 45.7665°N, 66.5545°W, 15.V.2004, R.P. Webster, coll. // Old maple forest, in leaf litter (1 ♂, RWC). York Co., Fredericton, at Saint John River, 45.9588°N, 66.6254°W, 22.VIII.2006, R.P. Webster, coll. // River margin, in decaying (moist) grass (1 ♀, RWC); 8.5 km W of Tracy, off Rt. 645, 45.6821°N, 66.7894°W, 6.V.2008, R.P. Webster, coll. // wet alder swamp, in leaf litter & grass on hummocks (1 ♂, RWC).
Named for Dr. Stephen Clayden, Curator and Head, Botany and Mycology Section of the New Brunswick Museum, whose collaboration in a joint project studying Coleoptera and lichens in old-growth eastern white cedar forests in NB resulted in the discovery of a number of new species.
Body length 2.5–2.7 mm, narrowly subparallel, uniformly dark piceous brown except posterior part of elytra near suture and basal tergal impressions slightly paler, legs, maxillary palpi and bases of antennae light yellowish brown (Fig.
Known only from NB, Canada.
This species occurs in very similar habitats to T. corverae; in silver maple and maple forests near seasonally flooded marshes, a river margin, and in a wet alder swamp. Adults were found in moist leaf litter and moist decaying grass along a river margin. Other specimens were captured in Lindgren funnel traps. Adults were collected from May to September.
Thamiaraea claydeni Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n.: 310 habitus in dorsal view 311 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 312 male tergite VIII 313 male sternite VIII 314 female tergite VIII 315 female sternite VIII 316 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Canada, New Brunswick, Sunbury Co., Gilbert Island, 45.8770°N, 66.2954°W, 29.VI-11.VII.2012, C. Alderson & V. Webster, coll. // hardwood forest, Lindgren funnel trap 1 m high under Tilia americana (LFC). Paratypes: Canada, New Brunswick, Charlotte Co., 5 km NW of Pomeroy Ridge, 45.3059°N, 67.4343°W, 5.VI.2008, R.P. Webster, coll. // red maple and eastern white cedar swamp, in moss and leaf litter near small vernal pools (1 ♀, LFC). Queens Co., Grand Lake Meadows P.N.A., 45.8227°N, 66.1209°W, 4–19.V.2010, R. Webster & C. MacKay, coll. // Old silver maple forest with green ash and seasonally flooded marsh, Lindgren funnel traps (2 ♂, RWC); Jemseg, 45.8412°N, 66.1195°W, 14–28.V.2012, C. Alderson, C. Hughes & V. Webster // Hardwood woodland near seasonally flooded marsh, Lindgren funnel trap 1 m high under Quercus rubra (1 ♂, RWC). York Co., Prince William, near Magaguadavic Lake, 45.7268°N, 66.1852°W, 1.V.2004, D. Sabine & R. Webster, coll. // Red spruce & hemlock forest, in moist litter under leather-leaf (1 ♂, 1 ♀, RWC); Fredericton, at Saint John River, 45.9588°N, 66.6254°W, 22.VIII.2006, R.P. Webster, coll. // River margin, in decaying grass (1 ♂, RWC).
The first author of the species, Jan Klimaszewski, would like to dedicate this species to his wife, Patricia Corvera Gandullia, for her love of nature and enthusiasm for entomology.
Body length 2.8–3.1 mm, narrowly subparallel, most of antennae, head, and posterior part of abdomen dark piceous brown, pronotum slightly paler, elytra yellowish light brown, legs, maxillary palpi, and bases of antennae yellowish (Fig.
Known only from NB, Canada.
This species was found in or near seasonally flooded silver maple forests and marshes, an eastern white cedar swamp, a river margin, and a wetland dominated by leather-leaf, Chamaedaphne calyculata (L.). Adults were found in moss and leaf litter, moist litter under leather-leaf, and decaying grass along a river margin. Other specimens were captured in Lindgren funnel traps. Adults were collected from May to August.
Thamiaraea corverae may be easily separated from Thamiaraea claydeni by darker and broader body, less transverse antennal articles VII-X (Figs
Thamiaraea corverae Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n.: 317 habitus in dorsal view 318 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 319 male tergite VIII 320 male sternite VIII 321 female tergite VIII 322 female sternite VIII 323 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
New Brunswick, Westmorland Co., Petit-Cap, 46.1836°N, 64.1468°W, 19.VI.2012, R.P. Webster & D. Sabine // Sandy barrier beach, sifting drift material (mostly dried/decaying sea wrack) (1 ♀, LFC; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, RWC); same data but 17.VI.2014, M.-A. Giguère (2 sex undetermined, RWC).
Myrmecophora vaga was sifted from drift material consisting mostly of dried and decaying sea wrack on a sandy barrier sea beach.
NS, NB (
Myrmecopora vaga bears superficial resemblance to European M. uvida (Erichson) but has differently shaped median lobe of aedeagus with shorter and straight ventral part of tubus in lateral view which is longer and sinuate in M. uvida, and by the shorter and broader stem of spermatheca. For illustrations of genitalia of M. uvida see
Canada, New Brunswick, Carleton Co., Jackson Falls, “Bell Forest”, 46.2200°N, 67.7231°W, 18.VIII.2008, R.P. Webster, coll. // rich Appalachian hardwood forest in Hapalopilus nidulans on dead standing beech tree (LFC). Paratypes: Canada, New Brunswick, Carleton Co., same data as holotype (1 ♀, LFC; 3 ♂, 2 ♀, RWC); same data except 20.IX.2008 (1 ♂, RWC). York Co., Canterbury, near “Browns Mtn. Fen”, 45.8876°N, 67.6560°W, 3.VIII.2006, R.P. Webster, coll. // Hardwood forest, on Pleurotus sp. on sugar maple (1 ♂, LFC). Quebec, Bellechasse Co., St. Raphael, 46.8078°N, 70.7344°W, 15.VII.2006, R.P. Webster, coll. // Mixed forest, on decaying fleshy polypore on dead standing poplar (1 ♀, RWC).
This species is named for Caroline Bourdon (LFC) who works with us on many projects and has produced many images.
Body length 3.8–4.0 mm, narrowly oval, robust, head, pronotum, most of elytra and posterior part of abdomen dark brown, elytra with a yellowish-red area or spot extending obliquely from each shoulder and a narrow one along suture in posterior half, base of abdomen, legs, antennae and maxillary palps yellowish brown (Fig.
This species is externally similar to P. brunswickensis, but its body is broader, more coarsely punctate, and less glossy, the integument is more reddish brown, and the median lobe of the aedeagus is shaped differently, with the venter less strongly sinuate in lateral view (Figs
Known from QC and NB, Canada.
Pleurotobia bourdonae was found in hardwood and mixed forests. Adults were found in Hapalopilus nidulans (Fr.) Kar. (Polyporaceae) on standing dead American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) trees, in a Pleurotus sp. (Tricholomataceae) on a live sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.), and in a decaying fleshy polypore (probably H. nidulans) on a dead standing poplar. A description of the larva and biology of P. tristigmata (Er.) [error for P. tristigma Casey = P. trimaculata (Er.)] is provided by
The genus Pleurotobia Casey was previously represented in North America by one species, P. trimaculata (Erichson) and its three synonyms, P. suturalis Casey, P. tristigma Casey, and P. texana Casey (
Pleurotobia bourdonae Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n.: 331 habitus in dorsal view 332 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 333 male tergite VIII 334 male sternite VIII 335 female tergite VIII 336 female sternite VIII 337 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Canada, New Brunswick, York Co., Canterbury near Browns Mtn. Fen, 45.8876°N, 67.6560°W, 3.VIII.2006, R.P. Webster, coll. // Hardwood forest, on slightly dried Pleurotus sp. on sugar maple (LFC). Paratype: Canada, New Brunswick, Sunbury Co., Maugerville, Portobello Creek N.W.A., 45.8992°N, 66.4245°W, 18.VII.2004, R.P. Webster, coll. // Silver maple forest, on fleshy fungi (1 ♀, RWC).
This species name derives from the Canadian province of New Brunswick where the types were found.
Body length 3.9–4.0 mm, narrowly oval, robust, head, pronotum, most of elytra and posterior part of abdomen brownish black, elytra with a yellowish area or spot extending obliquely from each shoulder and a short, narrow longitudinal spot along suture apically, base of abdomen, legs, two basal antennal articles and maxillary palps yellowish (Fig.
This species is externally similar to P. bourdonae, but has a narrower, less coarsely punctate and glossier body, and yellowish body color, the apical teeth of male tergite VIII are less prominent, and the median lobe of the aedeagus is differently shaped, with the venter strongly sinuate in lateral view (Figs
Known only from NB, Canada.
The holotype was found in a slightly dried Pleurotus mushroom on a sugar maple in an old hardwood forest in early August, the paratype was found in a fleshy fungus in a silver maple forest in July.
See the previous species.
Pleurotobia brunswickensis Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n.: 338 habitus in dorsal view 339 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 340 male tergite VIII 341 male sternite VIII 342 female tergite VIII 343 female sternite VIII 344 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Canada, New Brunswick, Carleton Co., Jackson Falls, “Bell Forest”, 46.2200°N, 67.7231°W, 7–21.VI.2012, C. Alderson & V. Webster, coll. // Rich Appalachian hardwood forest, Lindgren funnel trap in canopy of Fagus grandifolia (LFC). Paratypes: Canada, New Brunswick, Carleton Co., Jackson Falls, “Bell Forest”, 46.2200°N, 67.7231°W, 1–8.VI.2009, R. Webster & M.-A. Giguère, coll. // Rich Appalachian hardwood forest with some conifers, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♀, LFC); same data except 8–23.V.2012, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Lindgren funnel trap in canopy of Acer saccharum (1 ♀, RWC); same data except 17–31.VII.2012 // Lindgren funnel trap in canopy of Juglans cinerea (1 ♂, LFC). Northumberland Co., ca. 1.5 km NW of Sevogle, 47.0939°N, 65.8387°W, 8–22.VII.2013, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Populus tremuloides stand with a few conifers, Lindgren funnel trap 1 m high under P. tremuloides (1 ♀, RWC). Restigouche Co., Dionne Brook P.N.A., 47.9030°N, 68.3503°W, 30.V-15.VI.2011, M. Roy & V. Webster // Old-growth northern hardwood forest, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♀, RWC). Sunbury Co., Gilbert Island, 45.8770°N, 66.2954°W, 23.V-6.VI.2013, C. Alderson, C. Hughes, & V. Webster // hardwood forest, Lindgren funnel trap in canopy of Fraxinus pennsylvanica (1 ♂, RWC).
This species is named in honor of Vincent Webster who collected a number of specimens of this species and many other species reported in this and other papers.
Body small, compact, and narrowly oval in outline; length 1.7–1.9 mm; body, antennae, and legs uniformly black (Fig.
Known only from NB, Canada.
Specimens of A. vincenti were captured in Lindgren funnel traps in a rich Appalachian hardwood forest, a Populus tremuloides stand with a few conifers, an old-growth northern hardwood forest, and a hardwood forest on an island in a river. Nothing is known about the specific habitat requirements of this species. Adults were collected during May, June, and July in NB.
This species may be readily distinguished from A. websteri Klimaszewski & Brunke by the differently shaped pronotum, which is distinctly broader than the elytra, by its uniformly black body, and by the shape of the median lobe of the aedeagus, male tergite VIII, and spermatheca (Figs
Agaricomorpha vincenti Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n.: 345 habitus in dorsal view 346 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 347 male tergite VIII 348 male sternite VIII 349 female tergite VIII 350 female sternite VIII 351 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Canada, New Brunswick, York Co., 15 km W of Tracy, off Rt 645, 45.6848 N, 66.8821°W, 21–28.VI.2009, R. Webster & M.-A. Giguère, coll. // Red pine forest, Lindgren funnel trap (LFC). Paratypes: Canada, New Brunswick, Queens Co., Cranberry Lake P.N.A., 46.1125°N, 65.6075°W, 11–18.VI.2009, R. Webster & M.-A. Giguère, coll. // Red oak forest, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♂, RWC); same data except 2.IX.2009, R.P. Webster, coll. // Red oak forest, polypore (bracket) fungus on side of log (1 ♀, RWC). Restigouche Co., Dionne Brook P.N.A., 47.9030°N, 68.3503°W, 30.V-15.VI.2011, M. Roy & V. Webster // Old-growth northern hardwood forest, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♂, RWC); same data except 28.VII-9.VIII.2011 (1 ♂, RWC). York Co., Charters Settlement, 45.8395°N, 66.7391°W, 19.V.2006, R.P. Webster, coll. // Mixed forest, on polypore fungus on log (1 ♂, LFC).
This species is named in honor of Chantelle Alderson who helped collect many species reported in this and other papers.
Body length 1.7 mm, short, robust, oval, head, pronotum, elytra, and abdomen dark brown, elytra with small paler, reddish area on each shoulder and one along suture, appendages yellowish (Fig.
Known only from NB, Canada.
Gyrophaena aldersonae were captured in Lindgren funnel traps in a red oak forest and an old-growth northern hardwood forest. Two individuals were collected from a polypore (bracket) fungus on the sides of logs. Adults were collected from May to September.
Gyrophaena aldersonae is a distinct species in the Nearctic fauna, and males have a uniquely shaped tergite VIII (Fig.
New Brunswick, Sunbury Co., McGowans Corner, Grand Lake P.N.A., 45.8959°N, 66.2823°W, 16.VI.2013, R.P. Webster // Silver maple forest, in Polyporus squamosus (on dead standing silver maple) (1 ♂, 1 ♀, RWC).
Two individuals of G. brevicollis were collected from Polyporus squamosus (Polyporaceae) on a dead standing silver maple in a silver maple forest. One specimen from ON was collected from gilled mushrooms (
ON, NB (
Except for a slight difference in the shape of male tergite VIII, the NB specimen agrees with the description and illustrations in
Gyrophaena (Gyrophaena) brevicollis Seevers: 356 habitus in dorsal view 357 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 358 male tergite VIII 359 male sternite VIII 360 female tergite VIII 361 female sternite VIII 362 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Canada, New Brunswick, Restigouche Co., Dionne Brook P.N.A., 47.9030 N, 68.3503°W, 30.V.-15.VI.2011, M. Roy & V. Webster, coll. // Old-growth northern hardwood forest, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♀, RWC).
(New Canadian record). Apparently the species has not been found in North America since Casey’s original description of specimens from NY; it was treated as a synonym of A. cuspidatus Erichson by
New Brunswick, Northumberland Co., ca, 2.5 km W of Sevogle, 47.0876°N, 65.8613°W, 21.VIII.2013, 27.VIII.2013, R.P. Webster // Old Pinus banksiana forest, in rotten boletus mushrooms (8 ♀, RWC); ca. 1.5 km NW of Sevogle, 47.0939°N, 65.8387°W, 6–21.VIII.2013, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Populus tremuloides stand with a few conifers, Lindgren funnel trap 1 m high under P. tremuloides (1 ♀, RWC).
Most adults of H. laevicollis from NB were found in rotten bolete mushrooms in an old jack pine forest. One individual was captured in a Lindgren funnel trap in a stand of trembling aspen. Adults were collected during August.
ON, QC, NB (
All specimens of H. laevicollis from NB were females. The identification was based on the description and key in
Hoplandria (Lophomucter) laevicollis (Notman): 367 habitus in dorsal view 368 median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 369 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 370 male tergite VIII 371 male sternite VIII 372 female tergite VIII 373 female sternite VIII 374 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Canada, New Brunswick, York Co., Charters Settlement, 45.8395°N, 66.7391°W, 18.X.2007, 3.IX.2010, 7.IX.2010, 19.IX.2010, 22.IX.2010, R.P. Webster, coll. // Mixed forest, in decaying (moldy) corncobs & cornhusks (1 ♂, 3 ♀, 6 sex undetermined, RWC); same data but 7.IX.2010 (1 ♀, 1 sex undetermined, LFC).
Oligota chrysopyga was common in a pile of decaying and moldy corncobs and cornhusks near a composter in a residential area adjacent to a mixed forest. Not much is known about the biology of Oligota.
NB (New Canadian record). Although now considered cosmopolitan, the only other North American record of this adventive species was by
New Brunswick, York Co., Charters Settlement, 45.8395°N, 66.7391°W, 5.X.2007, 26.IX.2008, 5.IX.2009, 3.IX.2010, 19.IX.2010, R.P. Webster, coll. // Mixed forest, in decaying (moldy) corncobs & cornhusks (5 ♂, 5 ♀, RWC); same data but 3.IX.2010, 7.IX.2010 (2 ♂, 1 ♀, LFC).
Oligota parva was common in a pile of decaying and moldy corncobs and cornhusks near a composter in a residential area adjacent to a mixed forest. Mites were abundant in the moldy corncobs and cornhusks where the specimens were collected.
NB, PE (
Canada, New Brunswick, Sunbury Co., Acadia Research Forest, 45.9799°N, 66.3394°W, 18.VI.2007, R.P. Webster, coll. // Road 7 control, mature red spruce and red maple forest, fleshy polypore fungi on stump (LFC). Paratypes: Canada, New Brunswick, Carleton Co., Wakefield, Meduxnekeag Valley Nature Preserve, 46.1907°N, 67.6740°W, 15.VI.2006, R.P. Webster, coll. // Hardwood forest, on fleshy polypore (bracket) fungi on dead standing beech (1 ♂, AFC; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, LFC; 1 sex undetermined, RWC); Jackson Falls, “Bell Forest Nature Preserve”, 46.2199°N, 67.7231°W, 7.VI.2007, R.P. Webster, coll. // Rich Appalachian hardwood forest, in polypore fungi on large fallen basswood (1 ♂, 2 ♀, RWC); same data but 9.X.2006 // Hardwood forest, on fleshy polypore fungi on dead standing beech (1 ♂,
Named after polypore mushrooms where the holotype and many of the paratypes were found.
Body length 1.4–1.5 mm, short, compact, broadly oval, piceous brown to black, with legs, antennae, maxillary palps, and tip of abdomen reddish brown (Fig.
This species was found in hardwood forests, a mixed forest, and a mature red spruce and red maple forest. Adults were found in polypore fungi on dead standing American beeches, a large fallen basswood, a Populus log, and on a stump. Specimens occurred within the tubes of the polypore fungi. Adults were collected during June and October.
Known only from NB, Canada.
We have checked the world literature on the genus and compared all available genital illustrations and found none matching our species, which led to the conclusion that it was undescribed (
Oligota polyporicola Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n.: 387 habitus in dorsal view 388 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 389 male tergite VIII 390 male sternite VIII 391 female tergite VIII 392 female sternite VIII 393 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Canada, New Brunswick, York Co., Charters Settlement, 45.8395°N, 66.7391°W, 30.IX.2007, 5.X.2007, 27.IV.2008, 8.VIII.2010, 7.IX.2010, R.P. Webster, coll. // Mixed forest, in decaying (moldy) corncobs & cornhusks (2 ♂, 4 ♀, RWC); same data but 5.X.2007, 3.IX.2010 (1 ♂, 1 ♀, LFC).
Oligota pusillima was found in a pile of decaying and moldy corncobs and cornhusks near a composter in a residential area adjacent to a mixed forest. Mites were abundant in the moldy corncobs and cornhusks where the specimens were collected. Adults were collected during April, August, September, and October.
NB (New Canadian record).
Oligota pusillima is considered a cosmopolitan species (
Canada, New Brunswick, Northumberland Co., ca. 2.5 km W of Sevogle, 47.0876°N, 65.8613°W, 1–14.V.2013, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Old Pinus banksiana forest, Lindgren funnel trap (LFC). Paratypes: Canada, New Brunswick, Northumberland Co., ca. 2.5 km W of Sevogle, 47.0876°N, 65.8613°W, 1–14.V.2013, 31.V-15.VI.2013, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Old Pinus banksiana forest, Lindgren funnel traps (1 ♂, 5 ♀, RWC); same data but 1–14.V.2013 (1 ♀, LFC). Restigouche Co., Dionne Brook P.N.A., 47.9064°N, 68.3441°W, 31.V–15.VI.2011, M. Roy & V. Webster // Old-growth white spruce & balsam fir forest, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♂, RWC); same data but 15–27.VI.2011 (1 ♀, LFC). York Co., 15 km W of Tracy off Rt. 645, 45.6848°N, 66.8821°W, 8–15.VI.2009, 2–20.VI.2011, M. Roy & V. Webster // Old red pine forest, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♂, RWC).
Named after the village of Sevogle near where the type and most of the paratypes were collected, in apposition.
Body length 1.4–1.5 mm, short, compact, moderately broadly oval, piceous to nearly black, with legs or only tarsi, antennae, maxillary palps, and tip of abdomen yellowish brown (Fig.
Adults were collected from Lindgren funnel traps in a jack pine forest (most), a red pine forest, and an old-growth white spruce and balsam fir forest. Specimens were captured during May and June.
Known only from NB, Canada.
We have checked the world literature on the genus and compared all available genital illustrations and found none matching our species, which led to the conclusion that it was undescribed (
Oligota sevogle Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n.: 401 habitus in dorsal view 402 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 403 male tergite VIII 404 male sternite VIII 405 female tergite VIII 406 female sternite VIII 407 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
New Brunswick, Albert Co., Caledonia Gorge P.N.A., 45.7808°N, 64.7775°W, 4.VII.2011, R.P. Webster // Canada Creek, cold, clear, shaded rocky brook with small waterfalls, sifting saturated moss on rocks near flowing water (1 ♂, 1 sex undetermined,
In NB, B. brendeli adults were found near shaded brook and stream margins, near vernal pools near brooks, and in mossy seepage areas in hardwood forests, old-growth eastern white cedar forests and swamps, in a mature spruce and cedar forest, and in alder swamps. Specimens were found in saturated moss on rocks near flowing water, in saturated moss and Carex litter in seepages, in leaf litter in areas with Carex near brooks, in moss and litter, and in moss, sphagnum, and leaf litter near brooks in the above habitats. The QC specimens were collected in an oak–beech–maple forest, by sifting deep, moldy leaf litter along bases of large rock blocks, and in a small seepage under a hydro line with large ferns, dogwood and Salix, and by sifting layers of moist dead fern leaves and detritus under ferns. Nothing was previously known about the habitat associations of this species. Adults were collected during April, May, June, July, and September.
ON, QC, NB, NS (New Canadian record).
(For diagnosis, see
New Brunswick, Restigouche Co., Dionne Brook P.N.A., 47.9030°N, 68.3503°W, 30.V-15.VI.2011, M. Roy & V. Webster // Old-growth northern hardwood forest, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♀, RWC). York Co., Charters Settlement, 45.8395°N, 66.7391°W, 2.V.2010, R.P. Webster // Mixed forest opening, collected with net during evening flight between 16:30 and 20:00 h (2 ♀, RWC); same locality and collector but 45.8331°N, 66.7279°W, 20.V.2010 // Beaver dam, among sticks, debris, and clay on dam (1 ♂, RWC).
Adults were collected with a net in a mixed forest opening during the evening, and sifted from among sticks, debris and clay on a beaver dam. One individual was caught in a Lindgren funnel trap in an old-growth northern hardwood forest. This species was collected during May and June in NB.
BC, ON, NB, NS (
(For diagnosis, see
New Brunswick, York Co., 14 km WSW of Tracy, S of Rt. 645, 45.6741°N, 66.8661°W, 10–26.V.2010, R. Webster & C. MacKay, coll. // Old mixed forest, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♀, RWC).
NB (New Canadian record).
(For diagnosis, see
New Brunswick, Albert Co., Caledonia Gorge P.N.A., 45.7786°N, 64.8068°W, 2.VII.2011, R.P. Webster // McKinely Brook, old-growth sugar maple & yellow birch forest, in Tricholomopsis platyphylla (Pers.) Sing. (1 ♂, RWC). Sunbury Co., Gilbert Island, 45.8770°N, 66.2954°W, 12–29.VI.2012, C. Alderson, C. Hughes & V. Webster // Hardwood forest, Lindgren funnel trap in canopy of Populus tremuloides (1 ♀, RWC). York Co., Charters Settlement, 45.8286°N, 66.7365°W, 2.VI.2007, R.P. Webster, coll. // Mature red spruce forest, under bark of red spruce (1 ♀, RWC); 16 km W of Tracy, off Rt. 645, 45.6855°N, 66.8847°W, 18.V-2.VI.2010, R. Webster & C. MacKay, coll. // Old red pine forest, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♀, RWC); Keswick Ridge, 45.9962°N, 66.8781°W, 4–19.VI.2014, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Field/meadow, Lindgren funnel trap 1 m high (1 ♂, RWC).
Specimens of D. angustiventris from NB were caught in Lindgren funnel traps in a hardwood forest in the canopy of Populus tremuloides, an old red pine forest, and in an open field and meadow. One individual was collected from Tricholomopsis platyphylla (Pers.) Sing., on a log in an old-growth sugar maple and yellow birch forest and another from under bark of red spruce in a mature red spruce stand.
ON, NB (
Dexiogyia angustiventris (Casey): 428 habitus in dorsal view 429 median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 430 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 431 male tergite VIII 432 male sternite VIII 433 female tergite VIII 434 female sternite VIII 435 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Canada, New Brunswick, York Co., 15 km W of Tracy, off Rt. 645, 45.6848°N, 66.8821°W, 8–20.VI.2011, M. Roy & V. Webster, coll. // Old red pine forest, flight intercept trap (LFC). Paratypes: Canada, New Brunswick, Queens Co., Cranberry Lake P.N.A., 46.1125°N, 65.6075°W, 13–25.V.2011, M. Roy & V. Webster // Red oak forest, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♀, RWC); C.F.B. Gagetown, 45.7516°N, 66.1866°W, 4–17.VI.2013, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Old mixed forest with Quercus rubra, Lindgren funnel traps in canopy of Q. rubra (2 ♂, 1 ♀, RWC). Northumberland Co., ca, 2.5 km W of Sevogle, 47.0876°N, 65.8613°W, 14–28.V.2013, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Old Pinus banksiana stand, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♀, AFC). Restigouche Co., Dionne Brook P.N.A., 47.9030°N, 68.3503°W, 15–27.VI.2011, M. Roy & V. Webster // Old-growth northern hardwood forest, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♀, RWC); Dionne Brook P.N.A., 47.9064°N, 68.3441°W, 27.VI-14.VII.2011, M. Roy & V. Webster // Old-growth white spruce & balsam fir forest, flight intercept traps (1 ♀, LFC; 1 ♀, RWC). Sunbury Co., Gilbert Island, 45.8770°N, 66.2954°W, 25.VII-8.VIII.2012, C. Alderson, C. Hughes & V. Webster // Hardwood forest, in canopy of Tilia americana (1 ♀, RWC); same data but 12–29.VI.2012 (1 ♀, LFC). York Co., 14 km WSW of Tracy, S of Rt. 645, 45.6741°N, 66.8661°W, 2–16.VI.2010, R. Webster & C. MacKay, coll. // Old mixed forest with red & white spruce, red & white pine, balsam fir, eastern white cedar, red maple, and Populus sp., Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♀, LFC); same data except 16–30.VI.2010 (1 ♀, RWC); 16 km W of Tracy, off Rt. 645, 45.6855°N, 66.8847°W, 18.V-2.VI.2010, R. Webster & C. MacKay // Old red pine forest, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♂, RWC); 15 km W of Tracy, off Rt. 645, 45.6848°N, 66.8821°W, 16–30.VI.2010, R. Webster & C. MacKay, coll. // Old red pine forest, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♀, RWC); Douglas, Currie Mountain, 45.9832°N, 66.7564°W, 19.VIII-6.IX.2013, C. Hughes & A. Morrison // Old Pinus strobus stand, Lindgren funnel trap in canopy of P. strobus (1 ♀, RWC); Keswick Ridge, 45.9962°N, 66.8781°W, 4–19.VI.2014, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Mixed forest, Lindgren funnel trap 1 m high under trees (1 sex undetermined,
Cryptica is a Latin feminine adjective meaning concealed, in allusion to similarity to its sibling species, H. ochracea.
Body length 3.2–3.4 mm, narrowly oval, dark brown except antennae, tarsi, and posterior part of elytra near suture paler (Fig.
Known only from NB, Canada.
All specimens of H. cryptica were captured in Lindgren funnel traps or flight intercept traps in various forest types. These included a red oak forest, an old mixed forest with red oak, mixed forests, a hardwood forest on an island in a river, an old-growth northern hardwood forest, an old-growth white spruce and balsam fir forest, an old jack pine forest, an old red pine forest, and an old white pine stand. Nothing is known about the specific habitat requirements of this species.
This cryptic species may be separated from H. ochracea by its larger, broader and darker body, pronotum at least as wide as elytra at base (slightly narrower in H. ochracea), elongate antennal articles V–X (transverse in H. ochracea), tubus of median lobe less bent laterally, apical margin of male tergite VIII with minute crenulation (with teeth in H. ochracea), and spermatheca with fewer coils (8–9 in H. cryptica and about 15–17 in H. ochracea).
Hylota cryptica Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n.: 436 habitus in dorsal view 437 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 438 male tergite VIII 439 male sternite VIII 440 female tergite VIII 441 female sternite VIII 442 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
(For diagnosis, see
Additional New Brunswick record, York Co., Canterbury, Eel River P.N.A., 45.8967°N, 67.6343°W, 21.V-2.VI.2014, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Old-growth eastern white cedar swamp & fen, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♂, RWC).
The original specimens of M. minutissima from NB were found by sifting moss near a brook and sifting deep conifer litter at the base of a large red spruce in a mature red spruce forest (
NB, NF (
Mniusa minutissima (Klimaszewski & Langor): 443 habitus in dorsal view 444 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 445 male tergite VIII 446 male sternite VIII 447 female tergite VIII 448 female sternite VIII 449 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
(For details, see
Additional New Brunswick records, Carleton Co., Jackson Falls, “Bell Forest”, 46.2200°N, 67.7231°W, 6–12.VI.2008, R.P. Webster, coll. // Rich Appalachian hardwood forest with some conifers, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♀, RWC); same data but 1–8.VI.2009, R. Webster & M.-A. Giguère, coll. (2 ♂, RWC); same data but 8–16.VI.2009, M.-A. Giguère & V. Webster (1 ♂, RWC). Restigouche Co., Jacquet River Gorge P.N.A., 47.8257°N, 66.0764°W, 22.VII-5.VIII.2014, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Old Populus balsamifera stand near river, Lindgren funnel trap 1 m high under trees (1 ♀,
Mniusa odelli was originally described from specimens captured in Lindgren traps in an old-growth eastern hemlock forest. Additional specimens were collected in Lindgren funnel traps in a rich Appalachian hardwood forest (originally determined as M. minutissima), an old Populus balsamifera stand near a river, and in an old mixed forest. Nothing is known about the specific habitat requirements of this species.
NB (
(For diagnosis, see
New Brunswick, Restigouche Co., Dionne Brook P.N.A., 47.9064°N, 68.3441°W, 15–27.VI.2011, M. Roy & V. Webster // Old-growth white spruce & balsam fir forest, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♀, RWC).
AK, YT, BC, QC, NB, LB (
Neothetalia canadiana Klimaszewski: 457 habitus in dorsal view 458 median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 459 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 460 male tergite VIII 461 male sternite VIII 462 female tergite VIII 463 female sternite VIII 464 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Canada, New Brunswick, Restigouche Co., NE of jct Little Tobique Rd. and Red Bk., 47.4458°N, 67.0616°W, 13.VI.2006, R.P. Webster, coll. // Alder swamp with eastern white cedar, in moss and grass litter near brook (LFC). Paratypes: Canada, New Brunswick, Queens Co., Upper Gagetown, bog adjacent to Hwy 2, 45.8324°N, 66.2350°W, 3.VII.2010, R.P. Webster, coll. // Tamarack bog, treading Carex, leather-leaf, & sphagnum on bog margin (1 ♀, RWC). Sunbury Co., Burton, SW of Sunpoke Lake, 45.7875°N, 66.5736°W, 17.IV.2005, R.P. Webster, coll., // Red maple swamp, in leaf litter near margin of slow stream (1 ♀, LFCYork Co., Charters Settlement, 45.8427°N, 66.7234°W, 9.V.2004, R.P. Webster, coll. // Abandoned beaver pond, in moist grass litter on muddy soil (1 ♀, RWC); Kingsclear, Mazerolle Settlement, 45.8729°N, 66.8311°W, 28.IV.2006, R.P. Webster, coll. // Stream margin, in grass litter on muddy soil (1 ♂, LFC); Rt. 645 at Beaver Brook, 45.6860°N, 66.8668°W, 6.V.2008, R.P. Webster, coll. // Carex marsh, in litter at base of dead red maple (1 ♂, 2 ♀, RWC); 8.5 km W of Tracy, off Rt. 645, 45.6821°N, 66.7894°W, 6.V.2008, R.P. Webster, coll. // Alder swamp, in moist litter & grass on hummocks near water (1 ♀, RWC); 9.2 km W of Tracy, off Rt. 645, 45.6837°N, 66.8809°W, 22.V.2008, R.P. Webster, coll. // Carex marsh adjacent to slow stream, in Carex hummock (2 ♂, RWC); 14 km WSW of Tracy, S of Rt. 645, 45.6603°N, 66.8607°W, 2.V.2010, R.P. Webster, coll. // Black spruce bog, in sphagnum hummocks with Carex and grasses (1 ♂, RWC).
This species is named after Sunpoke Lake where one of the paratypes was collected.
Body length 2.5–2.7 mm, subparallel, dark brown with yellowish-brown legs and antennae (Fig.
Known only from NB, Canada.
Adults of O. sunpokeana were found in various wetland habitats. Specimens were collected by treading Carex, leather-leaf and sphagnum on a tamarack bog margin, sifted from litter at the base of a red maple in a Carex marsh, sifted from moist litter and grass on hummocks in an alder swamp and adjacent to a slow-flowing stream, sifted from leaf litter near the margin of a slow stream in a red maple swamp, sifted from moist grass litter on muddy soil along an abandoned (dried) beaver pond, and sifted from sphagnum hummocks with Carex and grasses in an open black spruce bog. Adults were collected during April, May, and July.
This species is externally similar to O. robusticornis Bernhauer but has the median lobe of the aedeagus and spermatheca shaped differently. The only other Nearctic Oxypoda species with a similarly shaped median lobe is Oxypoda subpolaris Casey, but the latter has a differently shaped body with an enlarged, shield-shaped pronotum which is much broader than the elytra.
Oxypoda sunpokeana Klimaszewski & Webster, sp. n.: 465 habitus in dorsal view 466 median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 467 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 468 male tergite VIII 469 male sternite VIII 470 female tergite VIII 471 female sternite VIII 472 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
(For comparison with Parocyusa fuliginosa (Casey), see
New Brunswick, Carleton Co., Jackson Falls, 46.2257°N, 67.7437°W, 12.IX.2009, R.P. Webster, coll. // River margin near waterfall, splashing moss near splash zone of waterfall (1 ♀, RWC).
ON, NB (
Parocyusa americana may be distinguished from P. fuliginosa by antennal articles VI-X elongate (subquadrate to transverse in P. fuliginosa), by elongate pronotum equal in length to elytra (pronotum shorter than elytra in P. fuliginosa), and by the shape of spermatheca. The male of P. americana is unknown.
(For diagnosis, see
New Brunswick, Restigouche Co., Pollard Brook at Pollard Rd., 47.9861°N, 67.6945°W, 31.VII.2012, R.P. Webster // Clear rocky stream, splashing gravel margin (1 ♂, RWC).
The only specimen of P. fuliginosa from NB was collected by splashing the gravel margin of a clear rocky stream in late July. In LB, adults were collected from rocks and gravel along a stream margin in early August.
ON, NB, LB (
Parocyusa fuliginosa (Casey): 477 habitus in dorsal view 478 median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 479 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 480 male tergite VIII 481 male sternite VIII 482 female tergite VIII 483 female sternite VIII 484, 485, spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
(For diagnosis, see
New Brunswick, Northumberland Co., Upper Graham Plains, 47.1001°N, 66.8154°W, 28.V-10.VI.VII.2014, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Old black spruce forest, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♂, RWC). Restigouche Co., Dionne Brook P.N.A., 47.9064°N, 68.3441°W, 15–27.VI.2011, M. Roy & V. Webster // Old-growth white spruce & balsam fir forest, Lindgren funnel trap (3 ♀, RWC). Sunbury Co., Sunpoke Lake, 45.7656°N, 66.5550°W, 20.VII-3.VIII.2012, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Red oak forest near seasonally flooded marsh, Lindgren funnel trap in canopy of Quercus rubra (1 ♀, RWC); Acadia Research Forest, 45.9990°N, 66.2623°W, 14–25.VI.2012, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Mature balsam fir forest with scattered red spruce & red maple, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♀, RWC). York Co., 14 km WSW of Tracy, S of Rt. 645, 45.6741°N, 66.8661°W, 16–30.VI.2010, R. Webster & C. MacKay, coll. // Old mixed forest with red & white spruce, red & white pine, balsam fir, eastern white cedar, red maple, and Populus sp., Lindgren funnel trap (2 ♂, RWC); Charters Settlement, 45.8286°N, 66.7365°W, 3.VI.2007, R.P. Webster, coll. // Mature red spruce forest, under bark of red spruce (1 sex undetermined, RWC); same data except 6.VI.2007 // Mature red spruce & red maple forest, under scolytid infested bark of red spruce (1 ♀, RWC); Douglas, Currie Mountain, 45.9832°N, 66.7564°W, 9–24.VII.2013, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Old Pinus strobus stand, Lindgren funnel trap 1 m high under P. strobus (1 ♂, RWC).
Most NB specimens of P. canadensis were captured in Lindgren funnel traps, mostly in conifer or mixed forests. These included an old black spruce forest, an old-growth white spruce and balsam fir forest, a mature red and white spruce forest, an old white pine stand, an old mixed forest and a red oak forest (adjacent to a black spruce stand). The only specimens with microhabitat data were collected from under bark of red spruce and under scolytid (Dendroctonus) infested bark of red spruce in a red spruce stand. Adults were collected from May to July. In NF, this species was collected in May, July, and October from under bark of tamarack recently killed by Dendroctonus simplex LeConte (
QC, NB, NF (
Phloeopora canadensis Klimaszewski & Langor: 486 habitus in dorsal view 487 median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 488 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 489 male tergite VIII 490 male sternite VIII 491 female tergite VIII 492 female sternite VIII 493 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Canada, New Brunswick, Sunbury Co., Gilbert Island, 45.8770°N, 66.2954°W. 18–28.V.2012, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Hardwood forest, Lindgren funnel trap in canopy of Juglans cinerea (LFC). Paratypes: Canada, New Brunswick, Gloucester Co., Bathurst, Daly Point Nature Preserve, 47.6392°N, 65.6098°W, 13–28.V.2015, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Mixed forest, purple Lindgren funnel trap in canopy (1, AFC); same data but 25.VI-9.VII.2015, purple Lindgren funnel trap in canopy (1, AFC). Northumberland Co., ca. 1.5 km NW of Sevogle, 47.0939°N, 65.8387°W, 11–26.VI.2013, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Populus tremuloides stand with a few conifers, Lindgren funnel trap in canopy of P. tremuloides (1 sex undetermined, RWC); ca. 2.5 km NW of Sevogle, 47.0876°N, 65.8613°W, 26.VI-8.VII.2013, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Pinus banksiana forest, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♀, RWC). Queens Co., Cranberry Lake P.N.A., 46.1125°N, 65.6075°W, 25.V-7.VI.2011, M. Roy & V. Webster // Red oak forest, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♂, RWC). Restigouche Co., Jacquet River Gorge P.N.A., 47.8257°N, 66.0764°W, 29.V-10.VI.2014, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Old Populus balsamifera stand near river, Lindgren funnel traps under trees (2 sex undetermined, AFC; 1 ♀, RWC). Sunbury Co., Gilbert Island, 45.8770°N, 66.2954°W, 18–28.V.2012, C. Alderson, C. Hughes, & V. Webster // Hardwood forest, Lindgren funnel trap 1 m high under Tilia americana (1 ♂, RWC); same data except 28.V-12.VI.2012 // Lindgren funnel trap in canopy of Juglans cinerea (1 sex undetermined, LFC; 2 ♂, 1 ♀, RWC); same data except 29.VI-11.VII.2012 (1 ♂, LFC; 1 ♂, RWC); same data except 20.VI-5.VII.2013 // Lindgren funnel trap in canopy of Populus tremuloides (1 ♂, RWC). York Co., 16 km W of Tracy, off Rt. 645, 45.6855°N, 66.8847°W, 18.V-2.VI.2010, R. Webster & C. MacKay, coll. // Old red pine forest, Lindgren funnel trap (1 ♀, LFC); Fredericton, Odell Park, 45.9539°N, 66.6666°W, 2–15.V.2013, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Hardwood stand, Lindgren funnel trap 1 m high under trees (1 ♂, RWC). Northwest Territories, vic. Inuvik, 5 km SE townsite, 68.32881°N, 133.63556°W, 17.VII-3.VIII.2001 mixed Picea–Betula forest // UHR ethanol funnel trap 1c, M. Gavel et al., collectors (1 ♂, LFC).
This species is dedicated to Amélie Gilbert (LFC), who dissected thousands of specimens of Aleocharinae for our projects.
Body length 2.2–2.4 mm, narrowly elongate, subparallel, black except tarsi and antennae reddish brown (Fig.
This species is known from NB and the NT and is likely transcontinental in Canada.
All adults of P. gilbertae from NB were captured in Lindgren funnel traps, most in hardwood forests. Specimens were captured in the canopy of a Populus tremuloides Michx. (trembling aspen) stand, in the canopy of Populus tremuloides, Juglans cinerea L. (butternut) and under Tilia americana L. (American basswood) in a hardwood forest on an island in a river, in Lindgren traps under Populus balsamifera L. in a P. balsamifera stand near a river, in a red oak stand with Populus, a hardwood stand, and in a P. banksiana forest. The specimen from the Northwest Territories was collected in a Lindgren funnel trap in a mixed Picea–Betula forest. Adults were collected during May, June, July, and August. Other members of this genus live in subcortical habitats (
This species may be separated from its Nearctic congeners by its body proportions, the uniformly black body color except for the appendages, and by the shape of the median lobe of the aedeagus in lateral view, and the spermatheca. It differs from the other two eastern Canadian species, P. oregona Casey and P. canadensis Klimaszewski and Langor by the black body (brown with darker head in P. canadensis and P. oregona), the elongate rather than transverse elytra, the apical part of the median lobe of the tubus straight in lateral view (strongly produced in the other two species), the spermathecal stem forming a shorter loop, and male tergite VIII with the apex more abruptly produced than that of P. canadensis. For illustrations of P. canadensis, see
Phloeopora gilbertae Klimaszewski & Webster: 494 habitus in dorsal view 495 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 496 male tergite VIII 497 male sternite VIII 498 female tergite VIII 499 female sternite VIII 500 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.
We thank Caroline Simpson (AFC) and Pamela Cheers (LFC) for editing this manuscript. Adam Brunke and Anthony Davies are thanked for their helpful comments that greatly improved this manuscript. Anthony Davies is thanked for supplying records of Blepharhymenus brendeli in the