Research Article |
Corresponding author: Yinglun Wang ( yinglunw@nwsuaf.edu.cn ) Academic editor: Mike Wilson
© 2016 Rui Meng, Yinglun Wang.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Meng R, Wang Y-L (2016) Descriptions of new species of the genera Sarima Melichar and Sarimodes Matsumura from southern China (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Issidae). ZooKeys 557: 93-109. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.557.6166
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Two Issini genera, Sarima Melichar, 1903 and Sarimodes Matsumura, 1916, are examined. One new Sarima species: S. bifurcus sp. n. and two new Sarimodes species S. clavatus sp. n. and S. parallelus sp. n. are added from South China. A checklist of species in the genus Sarima with data on distribution is provided. The distribution and morphological peculiarities of the genera Sarima and Sarimodes are briefly discussed.
Fulgoroidea , morphology, taxonomy, checklist, Hainan Island, Yunnan
The genus Sarima belongs to the Issini Spinola, 1839 and was erected by
The Issini genus Sarimodes was erected by
In this paper, one new species of Sarima and two new species of Sarimodes are described. A checklist of Sarima species with data on their distribution is provided below.
External morphology was observed under a Leica MZ 125 microscope. All measurements are given in millimeters (mm). Terminology used for the external morphology and the male genitalia mainly follows
Sarima Melichar, 1903: 78. Type species: Sarima illibata Melichar, 1903, by original designation.
The genus Sarima was originally described by
S. amagisana Melichar, 1906 – Indonesia (Sumatra, Java), Japan
S. bifurcus sp. n. – China (Yunnan)
S. bimaculata Melichar, 1906 – New Guinea
S. carinata Schmidt, 1910 – Indonesia (Sumatra)
S. castanea Melichar, 1906 – Philippines (Luzon)
S. clathrata Melichar, 1906 – Malaysia
S. cretata Distant, 1906 – Sri Lanka
S. elongata Melichar, 1903 – Sri Lanka (
S. erythrocyclos Fennah, 1950 – Fiji
S. illibata Melichar, 1903 (type species) – Sri Lanka (
S. miyatakei Hori, 1971 – Philippines (
S. nigrifacies Jacobi, 1944 – China (Fujian)
S. nigriventris Schmidt, 1928 – Indonesia (Java)
S. nigroclypeata Melichar, 1906 – India
S. notata Melichar, 1906 – New Guinea
S. novaehollandiae Jacobi, 1928 – Australia (Queensland) (
S. palawana Hori, 1971 – Philippines (
S. ryukyuana Hori, 1970 – Japan (Ryukyus) (
S. separata Melichar, 1906 – Indonesia (Mentawai, Sipora)
S. sinensis (Walker, 1851) – China (Hong Kong)
S. solita Melichar, 1906 – Malaysia
S. subfasciata (Melichar, 1903) – Sri Lanka
S. tappana Matsumura, 1916 – China (Taiwan), Japan
Holotype: male, China: Yunnan, Mengla County, Yaoqu Town, 6 May 1991, coll. Yinglun Wang, Wanzhi Cai; Paratypes: 1 female, same data as holotype; 1 female, China: Yunnan, Menghai County, 25 October 1987, coll. Jinian Feng, Yonghui Cai.
This species is similar to S. ryukyuana (
Male length (n = 1) (including tegmen): 6.2 mm, length of tegmen: 4.8–4.9 mm; female length (n = 2) (including tegmen): 6.3–6.5 mm, length of tegmen: 5.5–4.6 mm.
Coloration. Generally dark brown alternated with green. Eyes dark brown. Frons pale brown with yellow brown tubercles, and green near lateral margins. Clypeus brown with median carina and lateral sides yellowish brown. Ocelli brown. Gena yellow with inconspicuous dark speckles. Tegmen dark brown, longitudinal and transverse veins green. Hind wing pale brown with brown to black veins. Leg brown, apex of fore femora and base of fore tibia with dark brown. Abdomen ventrally pale yellowish green and dorsally dark brown, apex of each segment slightly pale yellowish green (Figs
Head and thorax. Vertex nearly hexagonal, disc distinctly depressed, with median carina and two round depressions at disc, anterior margin angularly convex and hind margin concave, margins carinated, 1.8 times wider at apex than length in midline (Fig.
Sarima bifurcus sp. n. 10 female anal segment, dorsal view 11 gonoplac, dorsal view 12 gonoplac, right view 13 gonapophyses IX and gonaspiculum bridge, right view 14 gonapophyses IX and gonaspiculum bridge, dorsal view 15 gonocoxa VIII and gonapophysis VIII, right view 16 sternum VII, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.
Male terminalia. Anal segment in dorsal view nearly oval, widest near apex, apical margin obtusely convex; anus situated at basal part (Fig.
Female terminalia. Anal segment in dorsal view suboblong, elongate, lateral margins nearly parallel, weakly widened at subapex, apical margin slightly convex; anus short, situated at base (Fig.
The specific epithet is derived from the Latin word “bifurcus”, referring to the bifurcated process of the aedeagus in ventral view.
Sarimodes Matsumura, 1916: 115. Type species: Sarimodes taimokko Matsumura, 1916.
Paravindilis Yang, 1994: 94 (in
The distinctive characters used by
Head with eyes slightly narrower than pronotum. Vertex hexagonal, all margins ridged, with weak median carina, disc moderately depressed (Figs
Sarimodes clavatus sp. n. 26 female anal segment, dorsal view; 27 gonoplac, dorsal view 28 gonoplac, right view 29 gonapophyses IX and gonaspiculum bridge, right view 30 gonapophyses IX and gonaspiculum bridge, dorsal view 31 gonocoxa VIII and gonapophysis VIII, left view 32 sternum VII, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.
Male terminalia. Anal segment relatively long, anus stubbed, located near base of anal segment (Figs
China (Taiwan, Hainan)
Holotype: male, China, Hainan Province, Jianfengling Mountain, 14 December 1974, coll. Fasheng Li. Paratypes: 1 male, China, Hainan Province, Jianfengling Mountain, 15 June 1982, coll. Youdong Lin; 1 male, Hainan Province, Jianfengling Mountain, 24 November 1981, coll. Zhenyao Chen; 1 male, Hainan Province, Jianfengling Mountain, 900m, 10 April 1980, coll. Jiang Xiong; 1 female, Hainan Province, Jianfengling Mountain, 18 March 1982, coll. Yuanfu Liu; 1 female, Hainan Province, Jianfengling Mountain, 31 March 1984, coll. Zhiqing Chen; 1 female, Hainan Province, Limu Mountain, 27 May 1984, coll. Maobin Gu.
This new species resembles S. taimokko Mastumura, but differs from the latter by 1) frons with median carina distinct at upper half, in S. taimokko, frons with median carina distinct at basal third; 2) genital style with hind margin almost straight, in S. taimokko, genital style with hind margin weakly concave near middle; 3) phallobase with dorsolateral lobe bearing a pair of long clavate processes near apex, aedeagus with a pair of curved hooks at middle, in S. taimokko, phallobase with dorsolateral lobe bearing a pair of short triangular processes, aedeagus each with two processes, inner one slightly short.
Male length (n = 4) (including tegmen): 7.6–7.9 mm, length of tegmen: 6.6–6.9 mm; female length (n = 3) (including tegmen): 8.8–9.5 mm, length of tegmen: 7.8–9.5 mm.
Coloration. Body fulvous with fuscous maculae. Vertex yellowish brown. Eyes black brown. Frons fuscous with pale tubercules at black lateral area. Clypeus brown with two dark lateral fascia. Rostrum dark brown and black at apex. Ocelli yellowish brown. Pronotum and mesonotum yellowish brown. Tegmen fulvous with fuscous and yellow speckles. Hind wing brown, veins fuscescent. Leg fulvous with fuscous transverse stripes, tips of teeth black (Figs
Head and thorax. Vertex hexagonal, 1.2 times longer than wide in middle line, anterior margin angulately convex at middle, posterior margin deeply angulately excavate (Fig.
Male terminalia. Anal segment cyathiform in dorsal view, 2.1 times longer than widest part, lateral margin weakly widened at base, apical margin weakly concave at middle (Fig.
Female terminalia. Anal segment elongate, nearly oblong in dorsal view, 2.5 times longer than widest part, apical margin slightly convex; anus short, situated at base of anal segment (Fig.
The specific epithet is derived from the Latin word “clavatus”, referring to dorso-lateral lobe of phallobase having a clavate process in lateral view.
China (Hainan).
Holotype: male, China, Hainan Province, Jianfengling Mountain, 27 May 1983, coll. Maobin Gu.
This new species resembles S. clavatus sp. n. in the present paper, but differs from the latter by 1) frons approximately 1.25 times wider than long in middle line, in S. clavatus, frons slightly longer than wide; 2) genital style with hind margin produced near apex, caudo-ventral angle strongly convex, in S. clavatus, genital style with hind margin almost straight, caudo-ventral angle slightly convex; 3) aedeagus with a pair of hooks semicircularly curved, in S. clavatus, aedeagus with hooks almost straight, slightly curved dorsally at apex.
Male length (n = 1) (including tegmen): 6.8 mm, length of tegmen: 5.8 mm.
Coloration. Generally brown with pale brown carinae and dark brown maculae. Vertex yellowish brown with black brown spots. Eyes dark brown. Frons dark brown with pale brown tubercules, near lateral and apical margins black. Gena yellowish brown with dark macula in front of eyes. Antenna with scape pale brown, pedicel brown with pale sensory pits. Clypeus yellowish brown with dark brown longitudinal stripes. Tegmen brown. Hind wing yellowish brown. Leg brown, base and apex of fore and mid femora and tibiae with dark brown band, and base of hind femora dark brown, tips of teeth black. Abdomen ventrally and dorsally brown, disc dark brown (Figs
Head and thorax. Vertex nearly hexagonal, approximately 2 times wider than long in middle line, anterior margin weakly angulately convex at middle, posterior margin distinctly obtusely concave (Fig.
Male terminalia. Anal segment elliptical, 2.9 times longer than widest part near base, apical margin obtusely convex (Fig.
The specific epithet is derived from the Latin word “parallelus”, referring to the pair of ventral hooks of aedeagus being nearly parallel in ventral view.
China (Hainan).
The genus Sarima currently comprises 23 species including Sarima bifurcus sp. n., widely distributed in Oriental region, and also extending into the Eastern Palaearctic and Australian regions.
The genus Sarima is very close to the genus Eusarima according to the similar structure of phallus, phallobase with dorsolateral lobe split near apex, lateral lobe forming a small short process directing caudad, and aedeagus with long process arising from subapex. But Eusarima in contrast to the Sarima has the frons with clear sublateral carinae, tegmen without hypocostal plate and vein MP branched at middle. The genus Sarima is also close to the genus Sarimodes by the similar veins on tegmen. But the genus Sarimodes has the frons with short median carina, tegmen without hypocostal plate, and phallobase with dorsolateral lobe bearing a process directing cephalad laterally. The phylogenetic relationships of these close genera needs further study.
We are sincerely grateful to Prof. John Richard Schrock (Department of Biological Sciences, Emporia State University, USA) for proof-reading the manuscript. This study is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31372234, 30970388) and Fauna Sinica (2006FY120100, 2015FY210300) under the Ministry of Science and Technology of China.