Additions to the checklist of Scoliidae, Sphecidae, Pompilidae and Vespidae of Peru, with notes on the endemic status of some species (Hymenoptera, Aculeata)

Eduardo Fernando dos Santos; Yuri Campanholo Grandinete; Fernando Barbosa Noll

doi:10.3897/zookeys.519.6501

Abstract

The first checklist of the Peruvian Hymenoptera listed 1169 species and subspecies of aculeate wasps, including 173 species of Pompilidae, seven of Scoliidae, 39 of Sphecidae and 403 of Vespidae. Herein are reported 32 species as new for Peru based mainly on the collection of the Natural History Museum, London. The loss of the endemic status of two species is also reported: Entypus peruvianus (Rohwer) (Pompilidae: Pepsinae) and Omicron ruficolle schunkei Giordani Soika (Vespidae: Eumeninae).

Keywords

Apoidea , Vespoidea , endemic species, social wasps, potter wasps, spider wasps, digger wasps

Introduction

Pompilidae, Scoliidae and Vespidae together with other seven families have been included in Vespoidea, while Sphecidae has been positioned in Apoidea, both included in HymenopteraAculeata (Brothers and Finnamore 1993, Hanson and Gauld 2006). Rasmussen and Asenjo (2009) compiled the first checklist of HymenopteraAculeata for Peru, including 1158 species and subspecies, with the majority (52%) of them belonging to Pompilidae, Scoliidae, Sphecidae and Vespidae. In addition, it included 226 endemic species for Peru, with 50 Pompilidae, one Scoliidae, two Sphecidae and 67 Vespidae.

Pompilidae includes approximately 5,000 species worldwide, with 850 neotropical species among 56 genera (Fernández 2000), of which 159 species in 33 genera are recorded for Peru (Rasmussen and Asenjo 2009). Scoliidae is a small component of the aculeate hymenopteran fauna, with nearly 300 species in the world, 47 of which are found in the New World (Hanson 2006). For Peru, Rasmussen and Asenjo (2009) listed eight species in three subgenera of Campsomeris Guerin. The biology of Scoliidae is poorly known, and the existing studies indicate that species are idiobiont ectoparasitoids of coleopteran larvae (Brothers and Finnamore 1993, Hanson 2006, Fernández 2006).

Sphecidae and Vespidae comprise, respectively, more than 660 and 5,000 described species of predatory wasps throughout the world (Goulet and Huber 1993, Pickett and Carpenter 2010). Rasmussen and Asenjo (2009) listed 39 species of 12 genera of Sphecidae classified in four subfamilies: Ammophilinae, Chloriontinae, Sceliphrinae and Sphecinae, all of them with neotropical representatives (Goulet and Huber 1993, Hanson and Menke 2006). Species of Ammophilinae are predators of Lepidoptera or Symphyta (Hymenoptera) larvae, while species of Chloriontinae have been recorded as predators of Gryllidae (Orthoptera) and Blattaria, Sceliphrinae as predator of Araneae and Blattaria, and Sphecinae as predators of Orthoptera (Goulet and Huber 1993, Hanson and Menke 2006). Vespidae, in turn, are classified in six subfamilies (Carpenter 1982, Pickett and Carpenter 2010), three of them, Eumeninae, Masarinae and Polistinae, known from the neotropical region (Carpenter 1993, Carpenter et al. 2006, Hermes et al. 2013). Rasmussen and Asenjo (2009) recorded 403 species and subspecies of 52 genera of Vespidae for Peru. Masarinae are solitary wasps and commonly known as “pollen wasps”, since their larvae are fed with pollen and nectar (Gess 1996) while Eumeninae and Polistinae, respectively, are solitary or social wasps preying on lepidopteran larvae as food for their larvae (Bohart and Stange 1965, West-Eberhard et al 2006).

Contributing to knowledge of the neotropical hymenopteran fauna, herein are presented new species records of Pompilidae, Scoliidae, Sphecidae and Vespidae from Peru.

Material and methods

The checklist of Rasmussen and Asenjo (2009) is updated, including new species records from Peru based on specimens deposited mainly in the Natural History Museum, London (NHM, Dr. David Norton (curator of the Apoidea collection) and Dr. Gavin Broad (curator of the Vespoidea collection)), with some sporadic records from other institutions, as follows: American Museum of Natural History (AMNH, Dr. James M. Carpenter), Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas da Universidade Estadual de São Paulo (IBILCE-UNESP, Dr. Fernando Barbosa Noll), Instituto Fundación Miguel Lillo (IFML, Emilia Constanza Pérez), Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG, Dr. Orlando Tobias Silveira), Museo di Storia Naturale di Venezia (MSNVE, Dr. Marco Uliana) and Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (MZUSP, Dr. Carlos Roberto Ferreira Brandão), Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History (USMN, Dr. Sean Brady). Species identification of Pompilidae and Sphecidae deposited in the NHM and included herein were confirmed. Dubious identification were not included in the present list. For Scoliidae and Vespidae, only specimens labeled with specialist’s identification were included. In this way, only species of Scoliidae determined by the Dr. James Chester Bradly (1884–1975) or Dr. Johan George Betrem (1899-1980) were considered. These two entomologists were the two main specialists in Scoliidae. All identification deposited in AMNH, IBILCE-UNESP, IFML, MPEG, MSNVE, MZUSP and USMN was confirmed. In addtition,

The present checklist is organized alphabetically, following Rasmussen and Asenjo (2009) and adopting the most traditional family classification, in that Pompilidae, Scoliidae and Vespidae are placed in Vespoidea and Sphecidae in Apoidea with three subfamilies, differing from Rasmussen and Asenjo (2009) who adopted four subfamilies for Sphecidae. For Pompilidae, Rasmussen and Ansejo (2009) used the Pitts et al.’ (2008) proposal, however, they adopted a hypothesis among 720 other equally parsimonious ones. Then, we decided to use the classification proposed by Shimizu (1994), which positioned Epipompilus in Epipompilinae and Notocyphus in Notocyphinae. The Vespidae tribe classification was based on Hermes et al. (2014).

All new records are assigned a cross (†). Abbreviations for the departments of Peru used in the present checklist are the same as in Rasmussen and Asenjo (2009), as follows: AM, Amazonas; AN, Ancash; AP, Apurímac; AR, Arequipa; CA, Cajamarca; CL, Callao; CU, Cusco; HU, Huánuco; HV, Huancavelica; JU, Junín; LA, Lambayeque; LI, Lima; LL, La Libertad; LO, Loreto; MD, Madre de Dios; PA, Pasco; PI, Piura; SM, San Martin; UC, Ucayali.

Results and discussion

In total, 32 species are recorded for the first time from Peru, 20 species of Pompilidae, three of Scoliidae, five of Sphecidae and four of Vespidae, and more than 250 records are new for Peruvian departments or lacalities. Moreover, seven species of Vespidae have been described by Cooper (2010, 2013a, 2013b, 2014), Silveira (2013) and Santos et al. (2015) for Peru, after the publication of Rasmussen and Asenjo’s (2009) checklist. Santos et al. (2015) also resurrected P. diligens (Smith). Based on the taxonomic update and the present compilation, 1196 species of HymenopteraAculeata are now known for Peru (see Suppl. material 2: Updated checklist). Pompilidae is currently represented by 173 species belonging to 33 genera, Scoliidae by eleven species in two genera, Sphecidae by 44 species of 12 genera and Vespidae by 405 species and sub-species of 53 genera. In the case of Scoliidae, a species of Scoliinae, Scolia (Hesperoscolia) rufiventris (Fabricius), is recorded for the first time for Peru.

In addition, the NHM’s collection includes specimens of Entypus peruvianus (Rohwer) from Argentina and Bolivia, indicating that it is not a Peruvian endemic species. Another taxon that has lost its endemic status is Omicron ruficolle schunkei Giordani Soika, which has been recorded in Brazil in this work.

Entypus peruvianus (Rohwer, 1913)

Specimen data. ARGENTINA: 1♀, S. de Estero, 37-47k. S.e. Anatuya, 20.xi.1979, C. & M. Vardy [NHM]. 1♀ and 1♂, Salta, Orán, Abra Grande, x.18–25 1968, C. Porter [NHM]. 1♀ and 1♂, Salta, Orán, Abra Grande, x.18–25 1968, C. Porter [NHM]. BOLIVIA: 1♀, La Paz, Zongo Valley, Cahua, 1400m, 22–23.vi.1979, M. Cooper, B.M. 1979-397 [NHM]. 3♀♀, La Paz, Coroico, 20.v.1989, 1200m, M. Cooper, 1979-216 [NHM]. 1♀, La Paz, Chulumani, 1700m, 25.iii.1979, M. Cooper, B.M. 1979-216 [NHM].

Omicron ruficolle schunkei Giordani Soika, 1978

Specimen data. BRAZIL: 5♀♀, SP, Pindorama, 21°13'27"S 48°55'35"W, 08/viii/2014, Soleman, R.A. col. [IBILCE-UNESP]

Futhermore, Castro-Huertas et al. (2014) recorded other three species of Pompilidae from Colombia (Pepsinae: Ageniella pretiosa Banks and Mystacagenia bellula Evans; Pompilinae: Aporus (Aporus) cuzco Evans), and Santos et al. (2015) another one of Polistinae (Vespidae) from Brazil (Protopolybia chanchamayensis Bequaert) that were regarded as endemic by Rasmussen and Asenjo (2009). On the other hand, Silveira (2013) and Santos et al. (2015) described new species of Polistinae (Mischocyttarus tayacaja Silveira; Protopolybia similis Santos, Silveira & Carpenter), and Cooper (2013a) described one of Eumeninae (Pararhaphidoglossa carpenteri Cooper) that are known only from Peru. These aspects indicate the hymenopteran fauna of several South American regions are still poorly sampled, and new collecting efforts and identification efforts of already collected material should increase the number of species recorded for Peru.

SPHECIDAE

Chloriontinae

Chlorion Latreille, 1802

viridicoeruleum Lepeletier & Seville, 1828†: UC (Pucallpa)

Sceliphrinae

Penepodium Menke in Bohart & Menke, 1976

gorianum (Lepeletier, 1845): UC (Pucallpa)

romandinum (de Saussure, 1867): UC (Pucallpa)

Podium Fabricius, 1804 [Kohl 1902]

agile Kohl, 1902†: UC (Pucallpa)

denticulatum Smith, 1856: UC (Pucallpa)

kohlii Zavattari, 1908: UC (Pucallpa)

rufipes Fabricius, 1804†: UC (Pucallpa)

Sphecinae

Sphex Linnaeus, 1758

Subgenus: Sphex Linnaeus, 1758

nitidiventris Spinola, 1853†: UC (Pucallpa)

tinctipennis Cameron, 1888†: CU (Atalaya), HU (Previsto), UC (B. Abad)

POMPILIDAE

Ceropalinae

Ceropales Latreille, 1796

Subgenus: Bifidoceropales Priesner, 1969

isolde subsp. isolde (Banks, 1945)†: LL (Trujillo)

Irenangelus Schulz, 1906

reversus (Smith, 1873): UC (B. Abad)

Epipompilinae

Epipompilus Kohl, 1884

williamsi (Banks, 1947)†: PA (Oxapampa)

Pepsinae

Ageniellini

Ageniella Banks, 1912

Subgenus: Alasagenia Banks, 1944

fortipes (Smith, 1873) †: UC (Pucallpa)

pilifrons (Cameron, 1912) †: HU (Monzón-Rondos River), JU (Chanchamayo), UC (B. Abad, Pucallpa)

Subgenus: Ageniella Banks, 1912

ruficeps (Smith, 1864) †: UC (Pucallpa)

Auplopus Spinola, 1841

deceptor (Smith, 1873) †: HU (Cord. Azul)

Priocnemella Banks, 1925

hexagona subsp. omissa Banks, 1946: HU (Tingo María), JU (Chanchamayo), UC (Atalaya, Pucallpa)

Pepsini

Caliadurgus Pate, 1946

pretiosus (Fox, 1897)†: PA (Oxapampa)

Entypus Dahlbom, 1843

decoloratus (Lepeletier, 1845)†: HU (Monzón)

dumosus (Spinola, 1851)†: LA (Jayanca), LI (Matucana), LL (Simbal)

gigas (Fabricius, 1804)†: UC (Pucallpa)

molestus (Banks, 1946): Endemic, LA (Lambayeque), LI (Matucana), LL (Simbal)

nitidus (Banks, 1946): HU (Cayumba)

peruvianus (Rohwer, 1913): CU (Apurimac River, Machu Picchu, Urubamba River)

Pompilinae

Aporini

Aporus Spinola, 1808

Subgenus: Aporus Spinola, 1808

cuzco Evans, 1973: CU (Urubamba River)

Subgenus: Neoplaniceps Bradley, 1944

umbratilis Evans, 1966: CU (Urubamba), HU (Tingo María)

Subgenus: Notoplaniceps Bradley, 1944

canescens Smith, 1873: MD (Pantiacolla)

Euplaniceps Haupt, 1930

varia Bradley, 1944: CU (Atalaya), UC (B. Abad)

Pompilini

Anoplius Dufour, 1834

Subgenus: Anopliodes Banks, 1939

varius (Fabricius, 1804): HU (Cord. Azul, Tingo María), UC (B. Abad)

Subgenus: Anoplius Dufour, 1834

ambatoensis (Cameron, 1903)†: CU (Urubamba), LI (Chosica)

Subgenus: Arachnophroctonus Howard, 1901

inculcatrix (Cameron, 1912): JU (Chanchamayo), LO (Est. Jenaro Herrera)

Austrochares Banks, 1947

elsinore Banks, 1947: Endemic, CL (Ventanilla), LA (Chiclayo, Jayanca, Lambayeque, Olmos), LL (Simbal, Trujillo)

Balboana Banks, 1944

auripennis (Fabricius, 1804): CU (Quincemil), HU (Tingo María), UC (Atalaya, Pucallpa)

manifestata (Smith, 1864) †: LO (Est. Jenaro Herrera)

Evagetes Lepeletier, 1845

copiosus Banks, 1947†: CU (Cusco)

Paracyphononyx Gribodo, 1884

unicolor (Smith, 1879) †: CU (Apurimac River, Machu Picchu, Urubamba River), HU (Tingo María), JU (Chanchamayo)

Poecilopompilus Howard, 1901

rubricatus (Smith, 1879): LA (Chiclayo, Jayanca, Lambayeque), LI (Cieneguilla, Lima), LL (Trujillo, Jequetepeque River)

Priochilus Banks, 1944

captivum (Fabricius, 1804)†: LO (Contamana, Iquitos), PA (Pichis), UC (Pucallpa)

formosus Banks, 1944: CU (Quincemil), JU (Chanchamayo), SM (Nuevo Progreso)

gloriosum subsp. gloriosum (Cresson, 1869)†: JU (Chanchamayo), UC (B. Abad, Pucallpa)

gracillimus (Smith, 1855) (= scrupulum (Fox, 1897)): HU (Tingo María), UC (Pucallpa)

pectoralis (Smith, 1855) (= imperius Banks, 1944): CA (Jaén), LO (Est. Jenaro Herrera), MD (Atalaya), UC (Pucallpa).

regius subsp. regius (Fabricius, 1804): HU (Cayumba, Tingo María, Yanayacu), JU (Chanchamayo), UC (Atalaya, B. Abad, Pucallpa)

ruficoxalis (Fox, 1897)†: UC (Pucallpa)

sericeifrons (Fox, 1897): CU (Quincemil), HU (Monzón- Rondos River, Tingo María), UC (B. Abad, Pucallpa).

splendidulum subsp. splendidulum (Fabricius, 1804): HU (Cord. Azul, Tingo María), LO (Est. Jenaro Herrera), UC (B. Abad, Pucallpa).

veraepascis (Cameron, 1893): LO (Est. Jenaro Herrera).

Tachypompilus Ashmead, 1902

pallidus Banks, 1947: Endemic, LI (Chosica), LL (Simbal)

Notocyphinae

Notocyphus Smith, 1855

crassicornis Smith, 1864†: JU (Chanchamayo), LO (Est. Jenaro Herrera), UC (Pucallpa).

laetabilis (Smith, 1873)†: UC (Pucallpa).

multipicta Smith, 1873†: LO (Est. Jenaro Herrera), UC (B. Abad, Pucallpa)

saevissimus Smith, 1855†: UC (Pucallpa)

thetis Banks, 1945†: CU (Atalaya), UC (Pucallpa)

SCOLIIDAE

Campsomerinae

Campsomeris Guérin-Méneville, 1839

Subgenus: Aelocampsomeris Bradley, 1957

variegata Fabricius, 1793: JU (Chanchamayo)

Subgenus: Lissocampsomeris Bradley, 1957

arneohirta (Fox, 1896)†: JU (Chanchamayo), UC (B. Abad)

wesmaeli (Lepeletier, 1845)†: CU (Atalaya), HU (Monzón – Rondos River), JU (Chanchamayo), UC (B. Abad, Pucallpa)

Scoliinae

Scolia Fabricius, 1775

Subgenus: Hesperoscolia Bradley, 1974

rufiventris (Fabricius, 1804)†: JU (Chanchamayo), UC (B. Abad, Pucallpa).

VESPIDAE

Eumeninae

Eumenini

Brachymenes Giordani Soika, 1961

wagnerianus (de Saussure, 1875): UC (Cord. Azul).

Eumenes Latreille, 1802

Subgenus: Zeteumenoides Giordani Soika, 1972

filiformis (de Saussure, 1855): MD

Omicron de Saussure, 1855

paranymphum (Zavattari, 1912): UC (Previsto)

Pachymenes de Saussure, 1852

consuetus Giordani Soika, 1990: MD, JU (Chanchamayo) (= obscurus subsp. consuetus Giordani Soika, 1990 – Grandinete et al. 2014)

ghilianii Spinola, 1851: MD (= ghilianii subsp. olivaceus (de Saussure, 1875); =peruanus Schrottky, 1911 – see Grandinete et al. 2014)

orellanae (Schulz, 1905): HU (Tingo María), LO (Iquitos), MD (Res. Nac. Tambopata), UC (B. Abad) (= orellanae subsp. orellanae (Schulz, 1905), = orellanae subsp. vardyi Giordani Soika, 1990 – see Grandinete et al. 2014)

Pararhaphidoglossa von Schulthess, 1910

carpenteri Cooper, 2013: Endemic, LO (Iquitos) [Cooper 2013a]

gribodoi (Zavattari, 1912): JU (Pan de Azucar) [Cooper 2013b]

mestiza Giordani Soika, 1978: HU (Yanayacu) [Cooper 2012]

schunkei Cooper, 2014: UC (B. Abad) [Cooper 2014]

sulcata Cooper, 2013: LO (Iquitos) [Cooper 2013b]

Pirhosigma Giordani Soika, 1978

mearimense subsp. mearimense (Zavattati, 1912)†: UC (Pucallpa)

Sphaeromenes Giordani Soika, 1978

discrepatus Giordani Soika, 1978: LI (Santa Rosa de Quives), LL (Trujillo)

Odynerini

Hypalastoroides de Saussure, 1852

Subgenus: Hypalastoroides de Saussure, 1852

brasiliensis (de Saussure, 1856): LO (Iquitos)

Hypodynerus de Saussure, 1855

arequipensis (du Buysson, 1913): JU (Yanamaria)

obscuripennis (Spinola, 1851): AR (Arequipa)

Pseudodynerus de Saussure, 1855

subapicalis (Fox, 1902): HU (Huánuco)

Zethini

Zethus Fabricius, 1804

Subgenus: Zethus Fabricius, 1804

cataractae Cooper, 2010: JU (Quebrada Mala Noche) [Cooper 2010]

Polistinae

Epiponini

Agelaia Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, 1836

myrmecophila (Ducke, 1905): HU (Llullapichis), LO

Brachygastra Perty, 1833

albula Richards, 1978†: CU (Cadena, Cusco). [Andena and Carpenter 2012]

augusti (de Saussure, 1854): CU (Cadena), MD (Res. Nac. Tambopata), LO (Estiron), UC (Cord. Azul, Pucallpa)

baccalaurea (R. von Ihering, 1903): CU (Machu Picchu), PI (Huacabamba)

bilineolata Spinola, 1841: CU (Cadena), LO (Dos de Mayo, Iquitos), PA (Cerro de Pasco)

lecheguana (Latreille, 1824): CA (Quebrada Nancho), LA (Jequetepeque), LL (Pascamayo), UC (Yarinacocha)

propodealis Bequaert, 1943: CU (Cadena), MD (Puerto Maldonado)

scutellaris (Fabricius, 1804): HU (Llullapichis River)

smithii (de Saussure, 1854): LA (Jequetepeque), LL (Pascamayo), LO (Galicia)

Chartergellus Bequaert, 1938

fulvus Fox, 1898: HU (Tingo María), LO (Mishuyacu)

Polybia Lepeletier, 1836

Subgenus: Alpha de Saussure, 1854

bifasciata de Saussure, 1854: JU (Chanchamayo), UC (B. Abad)

quadricincta de Saussure, 1854: UC (Pucallpa)

Subgenus: Apopolybia Richards, 1978

jurinei de Saussure, 1854: LO (Iquitos), UC (Previsto, Pucallpa)

Subgenus: Cylindroeca Richards, 1978

dimidiata (Olivier, 1791): JU (Chanchamayo), UC (Previsto, Pucallpa)

Subgenus: Formicicola Richards, 1978

rejecta (Fabricius, 1798): HU (Yanayacu), UC (Previsto, Pucallpa)

Subgenus: Myrapetra White, 1841

bistriata (Fabricius, 1804): UC (Pucallpa)

catillifex Möbius, 1856: UC (Atalaya, B. Abad, Previsto)

diguetana du Buysson, 1905: PA (Oxapampa), UC (Pucallpa)

fastidiosuscula de Saussure, 1854: JU (Chanchamayo), LA (Chiclayo)

parvulina Richards, 1970†: JU (Chanchamayo), UC (Previsto)

Subgenus: Platypolybia Richards, 1978

incerta Ducke, 1907: HU (Tingo María), JU (Chanchamayo), UC (San Alejandro)

procellosa subsp. dubitata Ducke, 1910: UC (B. Abad, Previsto)

Subgenus: Polybia Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, 1836

striata (Fabricius, 1787): HU (Tingo María), UC (Pucallpa)

Subgenus: Trichinothorax Carpenter & Day, 1988

micans Ducke, 1904: PA (Puerto Bermúdez)

rufitarsis subsp. peruviana Bequaert, 1943: LO (Iquitos), UC (B. Abad)

sericea (Olivier, 1791): CA (Jaén)

tinctipennis subsp. tinctipennis Fox, 1898: UC (Pucallpa)

velutina Ducke, 1905: UC (Atalaya, Boq. Abad, Previsto), HU (Tingo María)

Protopolybia Ducke, 1905

acutiscutis (Cameron, 1907): LO (Nanay River)

bella (R. von Ihering, 1903): CU (Paucartambo), HU (Tingo María)

chartergoides subsp. chartergoides (Gribodo, 1891): UC (Pucallpa)

clypeata Santos, Silveira & Carpenter (2015): LO (Galícia, San Pedro, Yarin) [Santos et al. 2015]

diligens (Smith, 1857): LO (Napo) [Santos et al. 2015]

sedula (de Saussure, 1854): UC (Pucallpa)

similis Santos, Silveira & Carpenter, 2015: JU (San Ramón) [Santos et al. 2015]

Mischocyttarini

Mischocyttarus de Saussure, 1853

Subgenus: Phi de Saussure, 1854

alfkenii Ducke, 1904: LO [Silveira, 2013]

flavicornis Zikán, 1949 (=flavicornis subsp. nigricornis Zikán, 1949 – see Silveira 2013): CU (Cusco, Urubamba), JU (Satipo) [Silveira 2013]

flavoniger Zikán, 1949: JU (Chanchamayo) [Silveira 2013]

tayacaja Silveira, 2013: HV (Campo Armiño) [Silveira 2013]

Polistini

Polistes Latreille, 1802

Subgenus: Aphanilopterus Meunier, 1888

claripennis Ducke, 1904: UC (Pucallpa)

deceptor Schulz, 1905: JU (Chanchamayo), SM (Rioja), UC (Pucallpa)

maranonensis Willink, 1964: AM (Utcubamba)

pacificus subsp. modestus Smith, 1868†: HU (Tingo María)

testaceicolor Bequaert, 1937: UC (Previsto, Pucallpa)

Acknowledgements

We are really grateful to Dr. Gavin Broad, curator of the NHM’s Vespoidea collection for the facilities in accessing such collection and for the suggestion in the article. We also thank Dr. Claus Rasmussen for precious suggestions. This study was supported by the National Council of Technological and Scientific Development of Brazil (CNPq - Proc.: 211689/2013-0), and by the São Paulo State Foundation (Fapesp - Proc.: 2004/04820-3).

References

Andena SR, Carpenter JM (2012) A phylogeny analysis of the social wasp genus Brachygastra Perty, 1833, and a description of a new species (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Epiponini). American Museum Novitates 3753: 1–38. doi: 10.1206/3753.2

Bohart RM, Stange LA (1965) A revision of the genus Zethus Fabricius in the western hemisphere (Hymenoptera: Eumenidae). Univ. of California Publications in Entomology 40: 1–208.

Brothers DJ, Finnamore AT (1993) Superfamily Vespoidea. In: Goulet H, Huber JT (Eds) Hymenoptera of the World: An identification guide to families. Agriculture Canada, Canada, 161–278.

Carpenter JM (1982) The phylogenetic relationships and natural classification of the Vespoidea (Hymenoptera). Systematic Entomology 7: 11–38. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3113.1982.tb00124.x

Carpenter JM (1993) Biogeography patterns in the Vespidae (Hymenoptera): Two views of Africa and South America. In: Goldblatt P (Ed.) Biological Relationships between Africa and South America, Yale University Press, New Haven, 139–155.

Carpenter JM, Garcete-Barrett BR, Hermes MG (2006) Catalog of the Neotropical Masarinae (Hymenoptera, Vespidae). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 50: 335–340. doi: 10.1590/S0085-56262006000300002

Castro-Huertas V, Pitts JP, Rodriguez J, Waichert C, Fernández F (2014) New records of spider wasps (Hymenoptera, Pompilidae) from Colombia. ZooKeys 443: 35–44. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.443.8348

Cooper M (2010) A new species of Zethus Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Eumeninae) in the strigosus group and restored status of Zethus mimus Zavattari. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 146: 83–85.

Cooper M (2012) New species of Pararhaphidoglossa von Schulthess (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Eumeninae): I, the mestiza and cressoniana groups. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 148: 163–171.

Cooper M (2013a) New species of Pararhaphidoglossa Von Schulthess (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Eumeninae): II, the confluenta group. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 149: 79–91.

Cooper M (2013b) New species of Pararhaphidoglossa Von Schulthess (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Eumeninae): III, the chibchasa and adulescentula groups. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 149: 205–221.

Cooper M (2014) New species of Pararhaphidoglossa Von Schulthess (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Eumeninae): IV. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 150: 109–122.

Fernández F (2000) Avispas Cazadoras de Arañas (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) de la Región Neotropical. Biota Colombiana 1: 3–24.

Fernández F (2006) Familia Scoliidae. In: Fernández F, Sharkey MJ (Eds) Introducción a los Hymenoptera de la Región Neotropical. Editora Guadalupe Ltda, Bogotá, 557–558.

Gess SK (1996) The Pollen Wasps: Ecology and Natural History of the Masarinae. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 352 pp. doi: 10.4159/harvard.9780674281684

Goulet H, Huber JT (1993) Hymenoptera of the world: an identificatin guide to families. Canada Communication Group, Ottawa, 668 pp.

Hanson PE (2006) Familia Scoliidae. In: Hanson PE, Gauld ID (Eds) Hymenoptera de la Región Neotropical.Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 77: 614–616.

Hanson PE, Gauld ID (2006) Hymenoptera de la Región Neotropical. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 77: 1–994.

Hanson PE, Menke AS (2006) Las Avispas Apoidea: Ampulicidae, Sphecidae, Crabronidae. In: Hanson PE, Gauld ID (Eds) Hymenoptera de la Región Neotropical.Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 77: 694–733.

Hermes MG, Melo GAR, Carpenter JM (2013) The Higher-level Phylogenetic relationships of the Eumeninae (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Vespidae), with emphasis on Eumenes sensu lato. Cladistics 30(5): 1–32.

Pickett KM, Carpenter JM (2010) Simultaneous Analysis and the Origin of Eusociality in the Vespidae (Insect: Hymenoptera). Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 68(1): 1–33.

Pitts JP, Wasbauer MS, Dohlen CD (2006) Preliminary morphological analysis of relationships between the spider wasp subfamilies (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae): revisiting an old problem. Zoologica Scripta 35(1): 63–84. doi: 10.1111/j.1463-6409.2005.00217.x

Rasmussen C, Asenjo A (2009) A checklist to the wasps of Peru (Hymenoptera, Aculeata). ZooKeys 15: 1–78. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.15.196

Santos JNA-Jr, Silveira OT, Carpenter JM (2015) Phylogeny of Protopolybia Ducke, 1905 and taxonomic revision of the Protopolybia exigua species-group (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Polistinae), with description of four new species. Zootaxa 3956: 151–182. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.3956.2.1

Silveira OT (2013) Social wasp species of Mischocyttarus (Phi) related to M. alfkenii (Ducke) and M. paraguayensis Zikán (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 57: 173–196. doi: 10.1590/S0085-56262013005000017

West-Eberhard MJ, Carpenter JM, Hanson PE (2006) Familia Vespidae. In: Hanson PE, Gauld ID (Eds) Hymenoptera de la Región Neotropical.Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 77: 617–644.

Appendix I

Download as

CSV

XLSX

Localities reported in the checklist including coordinates and altitude range (m a.s.l.).

Department	Locality	Longitude	Latitude	Altitude
AMAZONAS	Utcubamba, Valley	-78.55250	-5.53500	1700
AREQUIPA	Arequipa	-71.51667	-16.38333	2300
CAJAMARCA	Quebrada Nancho	-79.25000	-6.96667	400
CAJAMARCA	Jaén	-78.81667	-5.70000	750
CALLAO	Ventanilla	-77.07361	-11.85556	97
CUSCO	Apurimac River (68 km west Cusco)	-72.11667	-13.64667	2400
	Atalaya	-71.35000	-12.90000	600
	Cadena	-70.717	-13.4000	1600
	Cusco	-71.98333	-13.51667	3400–4200
	Machu Picchu	-72.54579	-13.16319	2385–2700
	Paucartambo	-71.60000	-13.31667	2900
	Quincemil	-70.76667	-13.23333	630–650
	Urubamba	-72.28530	-13.23250	3500
	Urubamba River	-72.11667	-13.30417	2900
HUANUCO	Cayumba	-75.95000	-9.50000	2000
	Cord. Azul (= Cordillera Azul)	-75.93333	-9.15000	1600
	Llullapichis	-74.93333	-9.61667	260
	Monzón, Valley	-76.40000	-9.28333	950
	Monzón, Valley – Rondos River	-76.08333	-9.25000	950
	Tingo María	-76.00000	-9.30000	670
	Yanayacu	-74.97611	-9.55722	200
HUANCAVELICA	Campo Armiño	-74.65000	-12.35000	1600–1880
JUNÍN	Chanchamayo, Valley of	-75.31667	-11.05000	700–1300
	Pan de Azucar (Km 83 Tarma to San Ramon)	-75.45250	-11.17830	1400
	Quebrada Mala Noche	-75.41110	-11.12690	1300–1500
	San Ramón	-75.35000	-11.13333	900
JUNÍN	Satipo	-74.63674	-11.25423	631
JUNÍN	Yanamaria [Ana Maria?], near Jauja	-75.66410	-11.79200	3470
LAMBAYEQUE	Chiclayo	-79.85000	-6.76667	21
	Jayanca	-79.82194	-6.39083	61
	Lambayeque	-79.90000	-6.70000	20
	Olmos	-79.75000	-5.98333	150
LIMA	Chosica	-76.70000	-11.93333	850
	Cieneguilla	-76.81160	-12.11730	550
	Lima	-77.03333	-12.05000	50
	Matucana	-76.38550	-11.84576	2400
	Santa Rosa de Quives	-76.78877	-11.66904	1100–1550
LA LIBERTAD	Jequetepeque River	-78.87861	-7.50496	818
	Pascamayo	-79.56667	-7.41667	20
	Simbal	-78.81667	-7.96667	576
	Trujillo	-79.03333	-8.11667	20
LORETO	Contamana	-75.00000	-7.35000	150
	Dos de Mayo	-75.11700	-6.40000	100–124
	Estación Jenaro Herrera	-73.65011	-4.89861	121
	Estirón, Ampiyacu River	-72.00800	-3.36800	93
	Galicia	-73.80000	-5.28333	700
	Iquitos	-73.25000	-3.75000	100
	Mishuyacu, River	-73.30000	-3.78333	120
	Nanay River	-73.38889	-3.81806	97
	Napo – Sucusari River	-72.91850	-3.26650	84
	San Pedro	-74.25000	-4.45000	75–170
	Yarin, Quebrada	-74.03333	-3.90000	127
MADRE DE DIOS	Avispas	-70.35000	-12.98333	350–400
	Atalaya, Manu Nat. Park	-71.72139	-11.85639	305–1000
	Puerto Maldonado	-69.18333	-12.60000	200
	Reserva Nacional de Tambopata	-69.28300	-12.85000	236
	Pantiacolla - Upper Madre de Dios River	-71.23180	-12.65570	404
PASCO	Cerro de Pasco	-76.26200	-10.68600	4310
PASCO	Oxapampa	-75.40000	-10.58333	1800
PASCO	Pichis, River	-74.93333	-9.90000	300
PASCO	Puerto Bermúdez	-74.93333	-10.30000	3–700
PIURA	Huancabamba	-79.44300	-5.25700	2713
SAN MARTIN	Nuevo Progreso	-76.32465	-8.448889	511
SAN MARTIN	Rioja	-77.16667	-6.6667	900
UCAYALI	Atalaya	-73.76667	-10.73333	250
	B. Abad (= Boquerón del Padre Abad)	-75.68061	-9.07082	500
	Previsto - Cord. Azul (= Cordillera Azul)	-75.83200	-9.07500	700–2000
	Previsto	-75.63333	-9.05000	420–500
	Pucallpa	-74.53055	-8.37971	180–500
	San Alejandro	-75.76667	-9.08333	1300–1600
	Yarinacohca	-74.60000	-8.35000	150–300

Supplementary materials

Supplementary material 1

Full Checklist of the Peruvian Scoliidae, Sphecidae, Pompilidae and Vespidae

Eduardo Fernando dos Santos, Yuri Campanholo Grandinete, Fernando Barbosa Noll

Data type: occurence

This dataset is made available under the Open Database License (http://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1.0/). The Open Database License (ODbL) is a license agreement intended to allow users to freely share, modify, and use this Dataset while maintaining this same freedom for others, provided that the original source and author(s) are credited.

Download file (48.87 kb)

Supplementary material 2

Additions to the checklist of Scoliidae, Sphecidae, Pompilidae and Vespidae of Peru, with notes on the endemic status of some species (Hymenoptera, Aculeata)

Eduardo Fernando dos Santos, Yuri Campanholo Grandinete, Fernando Barbosa Noll

Data type: Checklist

This dataset is made available under the Open Database License (http://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1.0/). The Open Database License (ODbL) is a license agreement intended to allow users to freely share, modify, and use this Dataset while maintaining this same freedom for others, provided that the original source and author(s) are credited.

Download file (26.06 kb)