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Review Article
A new species of Monoliropus Mayer, 1903 (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Caprellidae) from Korean waters
expand article infoSoon-Sang Hong‡, Jun-Haeng Heo‡, Young-Hyo Kim‡
‡ Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea, South

Corresponding author: Young-Hyo Kim ( amphipod74@gmail.com )

Academic editor: Charles Oliver Coleman
© 2015 Soon-Sang Hong, Jun-Haeng Heo, Young-Hyo Kim.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation: Hong S, Heo J, Kim Y (2015) A new species of Monoliropus Mayer, 1903 (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Caprellidae) from Korean waters. ZooKeys 517: 111-121. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.517.9915
ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:74F10811-B0DD-4980-9D53-D791746D5CB7
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Abstract

A new species of the genus Monoliropus belonging to the family Caprellidae was collected from the Yellow Sea, Korea. The new species differs from Monoliropus agilis Mayer, 1903, M. kazemii Momtazi & Sari, 2013, and Triprotella amica Arimoto, 1970 as follows: 1) gnathopod 1 subrectangular; 2) pereonites 2–3 with acute triangular processes anterolaterally; 3) mandibular palp, apical article with four simple setae subdistally. The new species is fully illustrated and extensively compared with related species. This is the first record of the genus Monoliropus from Korean waters. A key to Monoliropus species is also given.

Keywords

Monoliropus , Caprellidae , Amphipoda , new species, key, Korea

Introduction

The genus Monoliropus Mayer, 1903 is one of 57 genera belonging to the family Caprellidae. Monoliropus is closely related to Metaprotella Mayer, 1890 and Triprotella Arimoto, 1970 and commonly characterized by having biarticulate flagellum of antenna 2; triarticulate mandibular palp; pereonites 3–4 with gills; uniarticulate pereopods 3–4; well developed, 6-articulate pereopod 5; in male, abdomen with a pair of biarticulate appendages and a pair of lobes (Arimoto 1976). To date, this genus Monoliropus is comprised of seven described species (Momtazi and Sari 2013; WoRMS 2015). In this article, a full description of the new species in the genus Monoliropus from Korean waters is provided, with a brief description of the female, focusing on the sexually dimorphic characters. This is the first record of the genus Monoliropus from Korea and a key to the world Monoliropus species is also provided.

Material and methods

Specimens were collected by light trap from the subtidal zone of Bukahng Port, Mokpo-si, Korea in 2012 (Fig. 1). The specimens were fixed with 80% ethanol and dissected in glycerin on Cobb’s aluminum hollow slides. Drawings and measurements were performed with the aid of a drawing tube, under a stereomicroscope (Olympus SZX12; Tokyo, Japan) and a differential interference contrast microscope with Nomarski optics (Olympus BX51). Type specimens were deposited at the National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR), Incheon, Korea and the Department of Life Sciences, Dankook University (DKU), Cheonan, Korea.

Figure 1. 

Distribution of Monoliropus leeae sp. n. from Korean waters (♦: Bukhang Port, Jukgyo-dong, Mokpo-si, Jeollanam-do, Korea).

Taxonomy

Monoliropus Mayer, 1903

Korean name: Jjal-eun-a-ga-mi-da-ri-ba-da-dae-beol-rae-sok, new

Type species

Monoliropus agilis Mayer, 1903

Diagnosis

Antenna 2, flagellum biarticulate, swimming setae absent; mandibular palp bi- or triarticulate; pereonites 3–4 with gills; pereopods 3–4 present, uniarticulate; in male, abdomen with a pair of uni- or biarticulate appendages and a pair of lobes.

Species composition

The genus contains seven species, Monoliropus agilis Mayer, 1903, M. concavimanus Horton, 2008, M. enodis Rayol & Serejo, 2003, M. falcimanus Mayer, 1904, M. hapipandi Guerra-García, 2004, M. kazemii Momtazi & Sari, 2013, and M. tener Arimoto, 1968.

Monoliropus leeae sp. n.

http://zoobank.org/4D5A1B2A-1B84-402A-B5E4-397084742D53
Korean name: Jjal-eun-a-ga-mi-da-ri-ba-da-dae-beol-rae, new
Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Type material

Holotype: male, 9.3 mm, NIBRIV0000309619, Bukhang Port, Jukgyo-dong, Mokpo-si, Jeollanam-do, Korea, 34°48'00"N, 126°21'56"E, S.S. Hong and S.H. Kim, by light trap from 6–8 m depth, 11 July 2012. Paratypes: female, 11.7 mm, NIBRIV0000309620, 27 July 2012, same station data as holotype; 6 males, 5.3–6.7 mm, DKUAMP201501, 11 July 2012, same station data as holotype; 2 immature males and 5 immature females, 5.3–7.1 mm, DKUAMP201502, 27 July 2012, same station data as holotype.

Description

Holotype, male, NIBRIV0000309619.

Body (Fig. 3A) 9.3 mm long, slender and long, surface smooth. Head round and smooth without projection. Eye small, round. Head and pereonite 1 fused, suture present. Pereonite 1 nearly smooth, with 1 small bump anterodorsally and a pair of minute blunt processes posterodorsally. Pereonite 2 with acute triangular process anterolaterally. Pereonites 3–4 subequal in length, with small uniarticulate pereopods and rounded gills ventrally, and tiny triangular process on both lateral sides. Pereonite 5 subrectangular, width 0.30 × length, with 6-articulate pereopod. Pereonite 6 smooth without process. Length ratio of pereonites 1–7 = 1.00 : 1.52 : 2.12 : 2.23 : 2.53 : 1.40 : 0.49.

Figure 2. 

Monoliropus leeae sp. n. A male, 5.6 mm B immature female, 6.4 mm.

Figure 3. 

Monoliropus leeae sp. n., holotype, male, 9.3 mm. A habitus, lateral view B Antenna 1 C Antenna 2 D upper lip E lower lip F left mandible G right mandible H maxilla 1 I maxilla 2 J right maxillied K gnathopod 1. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A), 0.3 mm (B, C), 0.2 mm (K), 0.1 mm (D–J).

Antenna 1 (Fig. 3B) 0.35 × body; length ratio of peduncular articles 1–3 = 1.00 : 3.46 : 0.84; flagellum 9-articulate, 0.76 × peduncular articles, each article with 1 or 2 aesthetascs ventrodistally.

Antenna 2 (Fig. 3C) slightly shorter than antenna 1; length ratio of peduncular articles 3–5 = 1.00 : 2.75 : 3.45; peduncular articles 4–5 with unequal simple setae ventrally; flagellum biarticulate, 0.30 × peduncular articles, proximal article elongate, 1.95 × distal article.

Upper lip (Fig. 3D) rounded, notched midventrally with pubescence apically.

Lower lip (Fig. 3E) well developed, inner and outer lobes with patch of pubescence apically.

Left mandible (Fig. 3F) incisor and lacinia mobilis 5-teethed; setal row with 3 pectinated setae; molar well developed, truncate; mandibular palp slender, triarticulate, length ratio of articles 1–3 = 1.00 : 1.92 : 1.85, article 2 with 6 simple setae, distal article acute apically, with 4 simple setae.

Right mandible (Fig. 3G) similar to left except setal row with 2 pectinated setae and molar flake present.

Maxilla 1 (Fig. 3H) inner plate absent; outer plate with 6 stout setal teeth (3 simple, 2 bifid and 1 denticulate) apically; palp biarticulate, distal article with 5 apical spines and 4 subapical setae.

Maxilla 2 (Fig. 3I) inner plate with dense pubescence medially and 8 simple setae on apical and subapical margins; outer plate longer than inner, with 12 simple setae apically.

Maxilliped (Fig. 3J) inner plate subrectangular, with 1 forked and 3 penicillate setae apically; outer plate much larger than inner plate, distomedial portion with rounded groove, distal margin rounded with 1 simple seta; palp 4-articulate, article 3 with subacute process apically, distal article falcate, with a row of setules along inner margin, length ratio of articles 1–4 = 1.00 : 1.75 : 1.70 : 1.17.

Gnathopod 1 (Fig. 3K) propodus subrectangular, narrowing distally, width 0.45 × length, palm serrated with 1 proximal grasping spine; dactylus falcate, with irregular serrations on inner margin; length ratio of 6 articles = 1.00 : 0.26 : 0.38 : 0.34 : 1.02 : 0.77.

Gnathopod 2 (Fig. 4A) anterior margin of carpus very short; propodus massive, width 0.44 × length, anterior margin convex, with rounded angle, palmar margin straight with proximal blunt process bearing grasping spine and acute poison tooth followed by rounded notch subdistally; dactylus elongate, falcate; length ratio of 6 articles = 1.00 : 0.25 : 0.27 : 0.18 : 1.34 : 1.10.

Figure 4. 

Monoliropus leeae sp. n., holotype, male, 9.3 mm. A gnathopod 2 B gill 3 and pereopod 3 C gill 4 and pereopod 4 D pereopod 5 E pereopod 6 F pereopod 7 G abdomen, ventral view H single dorsal lobe, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.4 mm (A, D–F), 0.2 mm (B, C), 0.1 mm (G, H).

Gill 3 (Fig. 4B) elongate, elliptical, 0.63 × pereonite 3.

Pereopod 3 (Fig. 4B) vestigial, uniarticulate, 0.07 × gill, with 4 simple and 2 penicillate setae.

Pereopod 4 (Fig. 4C) similar to pereopod 3, but slightly longer.

Pereopod 5 (Fig. 4D) well developed, slender, setose, 6-articulate, 1.21 × pereonite 5, inserted about 7/10 from the anterior end of pereonite 5; length ratio of 6 articles = 1.00 : 0.21 : 0.74 : 0.87 : 0.94 : 0.68.

Pereopod 6 (Fig. 4E) well developed, setose, 6-articulate, 2.49 × pereonite 6, 1.20 × pereopod 5, attached to the posterodistal end of the pereonite 6; propodus subrectangular, palm defined by posterodistal blunt bump with grasping spine and seta; length ratio of 6 articles = 1.00 : 0.28 : 0.76 : 0.84 : 1.40 : 1.00.

Pereopod 7 (Fig. 4F) similar and subequal to pereopod 6, length ratio of 6 articles = 1.00 : 0.26 : 0.78 : 0.90 : 1.50 : 1.10.

Penes (Fig. 4G) cylindrical in shape, situated medially, width 0.50 × length.

Abdomen (Fig. 4G, H) with a pair of appendages, a pair of lateral and single dorsal lobes; appendage uniarticulate, with 3 lateral, 1 apical setae, distal portion covered with patch of fine setules; lateral lobe with 4 simple setae apically; dorsal lobe rounded, with 7 simple setae dorsally.

Paratype, female (sexually dimorphic characters), NIBRIV0000309620.

Body (Fig. 5A) 11.7 mm long. Body form generally as in male including antennae 1–2, but pereonites 3–4 with rounded brood pouches. Gnathopod 2 (Fig. 5B) palm slightly curved convexly. Pereopods 3–7 (Fig. 5C–F) more setose than male. Abdomen (Fig. 5G) lacking appendages, lateral lobe wider than that of male.

Figure 5. 

Monoliropus leeae sp. n., paratype, female, 11.7 mm. A habitus, lateral view B gnathopod 2 C gill 3 and pereopod 3 D gill 4 and pereopod 4 E pereopod 5 F pereopod 6 G abdomen, ventral view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A), 0.4 mm (B) 0.3 mm (E, F), 0.2 mm (C, D), 0.1 mm (G).

Remarks

The genus Monoliropus belongs to the family Caprellidae, which has close affinities with Metaprotella Mayer, 1890 and Triprotella Arimoto, 1970 as it possesses the following characters: 1) antenna 2, peduncles without swimming seta, flagellum biarticulate; 2) mandibular palp bi- or triarticulate; 3) pereopods 3–4 reduced, uniarticulate; 4) in male, abdomen with uni- or biarticulate appendages. However, Metaprotella is distinguished from Monoliropus by setal formula 1–x–y–1 of the distal article of mandibular palp and fused pereonites 6–7. Triprotella is very similar to the genus Monoliropus; however, is discernible from Monoliropus by setal formula 1-1-1 of the distal article of the mandibular palp, uniarticulate pereopods 3–4, morphology of the gnathopod 2, and form of abdomen (Sivaprakasam 1977; Laubitz 1991; Guerra-García 2002). The species Monoliropus agilis has been redescribed by Guerra-García (2004) , showing a setal formula of mandibular palp of 1-1-1, and the abdomen very similar to that of the genus Triprotella. Therefore both genera could be re-established or synonymized in the future. The new species Monoliropus leeae sp. n. is similar to M. agilis Mayer, 1903, M. kazemii Momtazi & Sari, 2013, and Triprotella amica Arimoto, 1970, however, is distinguished from its congeners based on the characters listed in Table 1 and the combination of the following features: 1) body medium sized, 9–11 mm (vs. small sized, 4 mm in M. agilis, 5–7 mm in T. amica); 2) maxilla 1, outer plate with six stout setal teeth (vs. five in T. amica, seven in M. agilis and M. kazemii); 3) mandibular palp, distal article with four simple setae (vs. three simple setae in M. agilis and T. amica); 4) gnathopod 1, propodus subrectangular (vs. subtriangular in M. agilis, M. kazemii, and T. amica); 5) gnathopod 1, dactylus with serrations on inner margin (vs. with serrations both margins in T. amica); 6) pereonites 2–3 with acute triangular processes anterolaterally (vs. without triangular processes in M. agilis, M. kazemii, and T. amica); 7) pereopods 3–4 short (vs. elongate in M. agilis, M. kazemii, and T. amica); 8) abdominal appendage uniarticulate (vs. biarticulate in M. kazemii).

Table 1.
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Morphological characters of Monoliropus leeae sp. n. and closely related species.

Characters Species (male)
Monoliropus agilis Monoliropus kazemii Triprotella amica Triprotella amica Monoliropus leeae sp. n.
Body length (mm) 4.0 8.5 5.4 6.3 9.3
Pereonites 2–3, anterior processes × ○ no referred × ○
Right mandible, molar flake ○ × no referred ○ ○
Mandibular palp, distal article, # of setae 3 4 3 3 4
Maxilla 1, outer plate, # of setae 7 7 no referred 5 setae 6 setae
Maxilliped, outer plate, distal margin jagged jagged jagged jagged rounded
Gnathopod 1, propodus subtriangular,
width 0.61 × length		 subtriangular,
width 0.49 × length		 no referred subtriangular,
width 0.80 × length		 subrectangular,
width 0.45 × length
Gnathopod 1, dactylus serrations inner margin inner margin no referred both margins inner margin
Pereopods 3–4 elongate,
2.7–2.9 × width		 elongate,
3.6–3.7 × width		 elongate elongate,
3.5 × width		 short,
1.3–1.9 × width
Abdominal appendage, # of setae uniarticulate, no seta biarticulate, 5 setae uniarticulate, 1 seta uniarticulate, 1 seta uniarticulate, 4 setae
Abdomen, dorsal lobe, # of setae 2 terminal setae 2 terminal setae no referred 2 terminal setae 7 dorsal setae
Distribution Phuket, Thailand (Guerra-García 2004) Persian and Oman Gulf, Iran (Momtazi and Sari 2013) Arabian Sea, Oman (Arimoto 1970) Mbudya island, Tanzania (Guerra-García 2002) Mokpo-si, Korea (Present study)

Etymology

The specific name leeae is in honor of Dr. Kyung-Sook Lee, who has contributed to knowledge of Korean caprellid Amphipoda.

Distribution

Bukhang Port, Jukgyo-dong, Mokpo-si, Jeollanam-do, Korea.

Key to the species of Monoliropus (in male)

1 Mandibular palp 2-articulate, with 1 single seta distally M. hapipandi Guerra-García, 2004
– Mandibular palp 3-articulate, with several setae distally 2
2 Gnathopod 2, propodus without grasping spine and process on palmar margin M. tener Arimoto, 1968
– Gnathopod 2, propodus with grasping spine and process on palmar margin 3
3 Pereopod 5, propodus with grasping spine 4
– Pereopod 5, propodus without grasping spine 5
4 Gnathopod 2, propodus, palmar margin straight M. kazemii Momtazi & Sari, 2013
– Gnathopod 2, propodus, palmar margin concave M. falcimanus Mayer, 1904
5 Abdominal appendage biarticulate M. enodis Rayol & Serejo, 2003
– Abdominal appendage uniarticulate 6
6 Gnathopod 2, propodus, palmar margin concave M. concavimanus Horton, 2008
– Gnathopod 2, propodus, palmar margin straight 7
7 Gnothopod 1, propodus subtriangular; pereopods 3–4 elongate, length > 2.5 × width M. agilis Mayer, 1903
– Gnothopod 1, propodus subrectangular; pereopods 3–4 short, length < 2.0 × width M. leeae sp. n.

Acknowledgements

We cordially thank Seong-Soo Hong who contributed to finding the new species and we greatly appreciate the suggestions and comments given from anonymous reviewers that improved the manuscript. This work was supported by a grant from the National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR), funded by the Ministry of Environment (MOE) of the Republic of Korea (NIBR No. 2013-02-001).

References

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