Research Article |
Corresponding author: Kee-Jeong Ahn ( kjahn@cnu.ac.kr ) Academic editor: Jan Klimaszewski
© 2015 Seung-Gyu Lee, Kee-Jeong Ahn.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Lee S-G, Ahn K-J (2015) A taxonomic review of Korean species of the Atheta Thomson subgenus Microdota Mulsant & Rey, with descriptions of two new species (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae). ZooKeys 502: 61-97. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.502.9420
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A taxonomic review of the Atheta subgenus Microdota Mulsant & Rey in Korea is presented. The subgenus is represented in Korea by 15 species including two new species, Atheta (Microdota) jangtaesanensis Lee & Ahn, sp. n. and A. (M.) pasniki Lee & Ahn, sp. n. Four species [A. (M.) kawachiensis Cameron, A. (M.) muris Sawada, A. (M.) spiniventris Bernhauer, and A. (M.) spinula (Sawada)] are new to the Korean Peninsula and two [A. (M.) formicetorum Bernhauer and A. (M.) subcrenulata Bernhauer] to South Korea. Two other species [A. (M.) kobensis Cameron and A. (M.) scrobicollis (Kraatz)] previously recorded in North Korea had been identified incorrectly. A key, descriptions, habitus photographs and illustrations of the diagnostic features are provided. Species distributions and diversity in East Asia are discussed.
Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae, Atheta, Microdota, new species, Korea
Mulsant and Rey (1873) proposed the genus name Microdota and described seven species. Since
The Atheta subgenus Microdota contains 215 species in the Palaearctic region. In East Asia, 40 species and 20 species were recorded in China and in Japan respectively (
In this study we recognize 15 Atheta (Microdota) species in Korea including two new species, Atheta (Microdota) jangtaesanensis Lee & Ahn, sp. n. and A. (M.) pasniki Lee & Ahn, sp. n. Four species, A. (M.) kawachiensis Cameron, A. (M.) muris Sawada, A. (M.) spiniventris Bernhauer, and A. (M.) spinula (Sawada) are newly added to the Korean fauna and two other species, A. (M.) formicetorum Bernhauer and A. (M.) subcrenulata Bernhauer, are identified for the first time in South Korea. A key to Korean Atheta (Microdota) species, descriptions, habitus photographs, and line drawings of diagnostic characters are provided.
The first author studied North Korean species in the Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals (ISEA), Kraków, Poland. All the other examined specimens are deposited in the Chungnam National University Insect Collection (CNUIC), Daejeon, Korea. Type specimens of Atheta (Microdota) species were also borrowed from the Field Museum of Natural History (FMNH), Chicago, USA, Museum für Naturkunde (MNHB), Berlin, Germany and the Natural History Museum (NHM), London, UK to have more reliable identifications. The explanation of labels is placed in square brackets in order to provide clearer collecting data in the material examined section.
Members of Microdota can be distinguished from other subgenera of Atheta by combination of the following characters: body small, parallel-sided; antennomere 2 distinctly longer than 3, 5–10 transverse; median region of prementum very narrow, without pseudopore; pronotum transverse, more than 1.2 times as wide as long, with midline of pubescence directed anteriorly in most; hypomera fully visible in lateral aspect; tarsal formula 4-5-5; flabellum reduced; abdominal tergites II–III without anterior macroseta in most, III–VI impressed in basal region, VI about as long as VII; internal sac of median lobe of aedeagus well developed (
1 | Eyes small, shorter than tempora | 2 |
– | Eyes medium or large, at least as long as or longer than tempora | 5 |
2 | Infraorbital carina complete; male abdominal sternite VIII with 8 macrosetae on each side of midline | Atheta (Microdota) silvatica |
– | Infraorbital carina incomplete; male abdominal sternite VIII with 7 macrosetae on each side of midline | 3 |
3 | Abdominal tergites with transversely striate microsculpture | A. (M.) hamgyongsani |
– | Abdominal tergites with imbricate microsculpture | 4 |
4 | Body smaller, less than 1.6 mm; antennomeres more transverse (Fig. |
A. (M.) jangtaesanensis sp. n. |
– | Body larger, more than 1.6 mm; antennomeres less transverse (Fig. |
A. (M.) pasniki sp. n. |
5 | Infraorbital carina incomplete | 6 |
– | Infraorbital carina complete | 8 |
6 | Eyes about as long as tempora; antennomeres more transverse, 11 slightly longer than preceding two combined (Fig. |
A. (M.) palleola |
– | Eyes slightly longer than tempora; antennomeres less transverse, 11 as long as preceding two combined (Fig. |
7 |
7 | Body reddish brown; abdominal tergites with transversely striate microsculpture | A. (M.) sogamensis |
– | Body yellowish brown; abdominal tergites with imbricate microsculpture | A. (M.) spinula |
8 | Antennomere 11 slightly longer than preceding two combined (Figs |
9 |
– | Antennomere 11 as long as or shorter than preceding two combined (Figs |
10 |
9 | Labrum with about 11–12 macrosetae on each side of midline; mandibles with denticles in molar region; posterior margin of male abdominal tergite VIII with two processes (Fig. |
A. (M.) formicetorum |
– | Labrum with about 8 macrosetae on each side of midline; mandibles without denticles in molar region; posterior margin of male abdominal tergite VIII with more than two processes (Fig. |
A. (M.) spiniventris |
10 | Abdominal tergites with imbricate microsculpture | 11 |
– | Abdominal tergites with reticulate microsculpture ( |
3 |
11 | Antennomere black; abdominal tergite VIII with 5 macrosetae on each side of midline ( |
A. (M.) kangsonica |
– | Antennomere yellowish brown to dark brown; abdominal tergite VIII with 4 macrosetae on each side of midline (Figs |
12 |
12 | Body surface less glossy; pronotum, elytra and abdominal tergites II–IV reddish brown and darker; male sternite VIII with 7 macrosetae on each side of midline | A. (M.) kawachiensis |
– | Body surface more glossy; pronotum, elytra and abdominal tergites II–IV yellowish brown and brighter; male sternite VIII with 8 macrosetae on each side of midline | A. (M.) muris |
13 | α-sensillum of epipharynx shorter ( |
A. (M.) koreana |
– | α-sensillum of epipharynx longer ( |
14 |
14 | Paramedian apophyses of internal sac longer, laterally produced basal plate narrower, copulatory piece less obtuse ( |
A. (M.) amicula |
– | Paramedian apophyses of internal sac shorter, laterally produced basal plate broader, copulatory piece more obtuse ( |
A. (M.) subcrenulata |
Aleochara amicula Stephens, 1832: 132.
Aleochara picipennis Stephens, 1832: 132 (as valid species);
Homalota sericea Mulsant & Rey, 1852: 41 (as valid species);
Homalota subsericea Wollaston, 1864: 540 (as valid species);
Homalota jezabel Saulcy, 1865: 438 (as valid species);
Microdota terricola Mulsant & Rey, 1873b: 351 (as valid species);
Homalota meludyi Quedenfeldt, 1884: 366 (as valid species);
Atheta (Microdota) amicula attarumBernhauer, 1929: 201 (as valid species);
Atheta (Microdota) nudaG. Benick, 1975: 4 (as valid species);
Atheta (Microdota) amicula:
Syntype, 3 exx., labeled as in Figs
Length 1.6–2.0 mm. Body (Fig.
Habitus: 1 Atheta (Microdota) amicula, 1.8 mm 2 A. (M.) formicetorum, 2.4 mm 3 A. (M.) hamgyongsani, 1.7 mm 4 A. (M.) jangtaesanensis sp. n., 1.4 mm 5 A. (M.) kangsonica, 2.6 mm 6 A. (M.) kawachiensis, 1.8 mm 7 A. (M.) koreana, 1.6 mm 8 A. (M.) muris, 1.7 mm 9 A. (M.) palleola, 1.6 mm 10 A. (M.) pasniki sp. n., 2.1 mm 11 A. (M.) silvatica, 1.9 mm 12 A. (M.) sogamensis, 2.0 mm 13 A. (M.) spiniventris, 1.8 mm 14 A. (M.) spinula 15 A. (M.) subcrenulata, 2.0 mm.
Korea (North), China (Beijing), Cyprus, Israel, Europe (Austria, Azores, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Faeroe Islands, Finland, France, Great Britain, Germany, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Macedonia, The Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and Ukraine), Russia (North European Territory and West Siberia), Neotropical region and North Africa (Algeria, Canary Islands, Egypt, Morocco, Madeira Archipelago).
This species was recorded by
Atheta (Microdota) formicetorumBernhauer, 1907: 400;
Atheta (Amidobia) formicetorum:
Syntype, 1♀, labeled as in Fig.
Length 1.8–2.5 mm. Body (Fig.
Korea (South, North) and Japan.
This species is identified for the first time in South Korea. Most specimens were found on mushrooms in forest.
Atheta (Microdota) hamgyongsaniPaśnik, 2001: 211;
Holotype, ♂, labeled as follows: ‘Corea septentr. Hamgjong-pukdo 2-6 X 1991 ISEZ, HOLOTYPE Atheta (Microdota) hamgyongsani sp. n. det. G. Paśnik 2000’ [North Korea, Hamgyeongbuk Prov., 2–6.x.1991, ISEA].
Length 1.6–1.8 mm. Body (Fig.
Korea (North).
This species was recorded by
Holotype, labeled as follows: ‘KOREA: Chungnam prov., Daejeon-si, Seo-gu, Jangan-dong, Mt. Jangtaesan, N36°13'03.3", E127°20'36.2", 258 m, 28 III 2012, DH Lee, TK Kim, SG Lee, leaf litter; HOLOTYPE, Atheta (Microdota) jangtaesanensis Lee and Ahn, Desig. S.-G. Lee and K.-J. Ahn 2015.’ Deposited in CNUIC, Daejeon. Paratypes, 11 exx. (total); 4 exx., same data as holotype; 6 exx., same data as holotype except ‘5 IV 2013, SG Lee’.
Length 1.3–1.6 mm. Body (Fig.
Korea (South).
This species is similar to A. (M.) muris, but can be distinguished by the small body; posterior margin of male tergite VIII with broad process; apical process of median lobe of aedeagus broad; annellus of internal sac relatively large; different shape of spermatheca. All specimens were collected by sifting leaf litter piled up in a ditch.
Named after the type locality Mt. Jangtaesan, where all of specimens were collected.
Atheta (Microdota) kangsonicaPaśnik, 2001: 209;
Holotype, ♂, labeled as follows: ‘Korea Thesôsong, distr. Kangsô 8. 1971 1eg. Szeptycki, HOLOTYPE Atheta (Microdota) kangsonica sp. n. det. G. Paśnik 2000’ [North Korea, Pyeongannam Prov., Nampo-si, Gangseo-gun, Taeseongho, viii.1971, A. Szeptycki].
Length about 2.6 mm. Body (Fig.
Korea (North).
This species was recorded by
Atheta (Amidobia) kawachiensisSawada, 1974: 158.
Atheta (Microdota) kawachiensis:
SOUTH KOREA: Gangwon Prov.: 32 exx., Sokcho-si, Mt. Seoraksan, Hwaamsa, 21.vi.2002, JS Park, sifting.
Length 1.6–2.0 mm. Body (Fig.
Korea (South) and Japan.
All specimens were collected by sifting leaf litter in Gangwon province.
Atheta (Microdota) koreanaBernhauer, 1923: 128;
Atheta (Amidobia) bulbosaSawada, 1974: 179 (as valid species);
Ischnopoda (Atheta) koreana:
Atheta koreana:
Syntype, 1♀, labeled as in Fig.
Label data of the type series: 82 Atheta (Microdota) amicula, syntype from NHM 83 A. (M.) amicula, syntype from MNHUB 84 A. (M.) formicetorum, syntype from FMNH 85 A. (M.) koreana, syntype from NHM 86 A. (M.) spiniventris, syntype from NHM 87 A. (M.) subcrenulata, syntype from NHM 88 A. (M.) subcrenulata, syntype from FMNH 89–91 A. (M.) kobensis, syntypes from NHM.
Length 1.5–1.8 mm. Body (Fig.
Korea (South, North), China (Liaoning) and Japan.
This species is distinguished from similar species by the characters provided in
Atheta (Amidobia) murisSawada, 1974: 176.
Atheta (Microdota) muris:
SOUTH KOREA: Chungnam Prov.: 1 ex., Buyeo-gun, Oesan-myeon, Gaedeok-ri, Mt. Wolmyeongsan, 1.vi.2000, US Hwang, HJ Kim, sifting; 26 exx., Daejeon-si, Chungnam National Univ., 13.v.2002, JS Park, sifting; 7 exx., Daejeon-si, Yuseong-gu, Chungnam National Univ., 26.ix.2002, SM Choi, JH Choi, sifting; 1 ex., Daejeon-si, Mt. Sikjangsan, Secheon park, 17.vii.2000, HJ Kim, mushroom; 1 ex., Gongju-si, Mt. Gyeryongsan, 23.vi.2000, HJ Kim, near stream; 1 ex., Hongseong-gun, Gwangcheon-eup, Oseosan, 20.vi.1999, HJ Kim, near stream; Gangwon Prov.: 6 exx., Pyeongchang-gun, Odaesan, Jeokmyeolbogung, 8.vii.1998, KJ Ahn, mushroom; Gyeonggi prov.: 6 exx., Namyangju-si, Sudong-myeon, Oebang-ri, Mt. Chukryeongsan, 13.ix.1999, US Hwang, HJ Kim, sifting.
Length 1.4–1.9 mm. Body (Fig.
Korea (South) and Japan.
Some specimens were found on mushrooms in forests.
Homalota palleola Erichson, 1837: 333.
Atheta (Microdota) palleola:
Syntype, 4 exx., labeled as follows: ‘5451, pallola Er. Berol. Weis.’. NORTH KOREA: 2 exx., Korea, Jongak-san Pnjongjang-si, lg. Pawlowski, 8.1971 [North Korea, Pyeongannam Prov. Pyeongyang-si, Mt. Yongaksan, viii.1971, J. Pawlowski]; 4 exx., Korea 1-3.6.1974 Sujang-san Mt. Exp. Inst.Zool.Cr. [North Korea, Hwanghae Prov. Mt. Suyangsan, 1–3.vi.1974, ISEA].
Length 1.4–1.8 mm. Body (Fig.
Korea (North), Europe (Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Great Britain, Germany, Hungary, Italy, The Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Sweden and Switzerland) and Russia (Caucasus and East Siberia).
This species was recorded by
Holotype, labeled as follows: ‘KOREA: Gangwon Prov., Pyeongchang-gun, Jinbu-myeon, Dongsan-ri, Mt. Odaesan, Sangwonsa, 4 VI 2001, S.-J. Park, ex sifting, HOLOTYPE Atheta (Microdota) pasniki Lee and Ahn, Desig. S.-G. Lee and K.-J. Ahn 2015’ Deposited in CNUIC, Daejeon. Paratypes, 40 exx. (total); 5 exx., same data as holotype; 8 exx., same data as holotype except ‘N37°47.074' E128°33.735', 15 V 2006, S.-J. Park, Y.-H. Kim, ex near stream’; 4 exx., same data as holotype except ‘N37°47.104' E128°33.57.2', 10 V 2007, TK Kim, sifting’; 2 exx., same data as holotype except ‘8 V 2004,S.J.Park, D.H. Lee, S. M. Choi ex sifting; 1 ex., same data as holotype except ‘25 - 26 IV 2001, K.-J. Ahn, ex sifting’; 2 exx., Gangwon Prov., Pyeongchang-gun, Mt. Odaesan, Sangwonsa, 26 IV 2001, M.-J. Jeon’; 1 ex., same data as former except ‘S.-J. Park, ex near stream; 8 exx., same data as the former except ‘25 V 2004, S J Park, J S Park, ex sifting; 1 ex., Gangwon Prov., Hongcheon-gun, Nae-myeon, Mt. Gyebangsan, Unduryeong, N37°42.49.9' E128°26.40.5', 1100m, 11 V 2007, TK Kim, ex leaf litter near stream; 5 exx., Kangwon Prov., Inje-gun, Yongdaeri, 13 IX 1998, K.-J. Ahn, K.-L. You, H.-J. Lim, ex leaf litter.
Length 1.7–2.3 mm. Body (Fig.
Korea (South).
This species is similar to A. (M.) nakanei, but can be distinguished by shape and structure of internal sac of aedeagus. They were usually collected near streams or in moist regions of forest of Gangwon province by sifting litter.
Named after Grzegorz Paśnik in honor of his research on Korean Athetini.
Atheta (Microdota) silvaticaBernhauer, 1907: 405.
Atheta (Amidobia?) silvatica:
Atheta (Microdota) silvatica:
Syntype, 1♂, labeled as follows: ‘Japan. Sauter Negishi, 25. 2. 05, silvatica bernh typ. det Bernhauer, silvatica Bernh. Typus, Chicago NHMus M.Bernhauer Collection’. NORTH KOREA: 1 ex., Korea 12.6.1974 Vaudo ad Nampo Exp. Inst.Zool.Cr. [North Korea, Pyeongannam Prov., Nampo-si, Waudo, 12.vi.1974, ISEA].
Length about 1.5–2.0 mm. Body (Fig.
Korea (North) and Japan.
This species was recorded by
Atheta (Microdota) sogamensisPaśnik, 2001: 210;
Holotype, ♂, labeled as follows: ‘KOREA-SOKAM distr-SUNAN lg. PAWLOWSKI VIII 1971; HOLOTYPE Atheta (Microdota) sogamensis sp. n. det. G. Paśnik 2000’ [North Korea, Pyeongannam Prov., Pyeongyang-si, Sogam, viii.1971, Pawlowski].
Length about 2.0 mm. Body (Fig.
Korea (North).
This species was recorded by
Atheta (Microdota) spiniventrisBernhauer, 1907: 402;
Atheta (Microdota) spinicaudaBernhauer, 1907: 404 (as valid species);
Atheta (Amidobia) spiniventris;
Syntype, 1 ex., labeled as in Fig.
Length 1.6–2.1 mm. Body (Fig.
Korea (South) and Japan.
This species is very similar to Atheta (Microdota) vagans, but can be distinguished by the minute characters provided in
Ischnopoda (Hygroecia) spinulaSawada, 1970: 60
Atheta (Amidobia) spinula:
Atheta (Microdota) spinula:
SOUTH KOREA: Chungnam Prov.: 20 exx., Gongju-si, Mt. Gyeryongsan, N36°20'27.8", E127°15'11.5",, 1–18.vi.2004, KJ Ahn, SM Choi, JS Park, FIT.
Length 1.4–1.8 mm. Body (Fig.
Korea (South) and Japan.
This species has been known to be collected near marsh (
Atheta (Microdota) subcrenulataBernhauer, 1907: 403;
Atheta (Amidobia) subcrenulata:
Syntype, 2♂♂, labeled as in Figs
Length about 1.5–2.0 mm. Body (Fig.
Korea (South, North), China (Beijing and Zhejiang) and Japan.
This species is very similar to Atheta (Microdota) amicula, but can be distinguished by the internal sac of median lobe and spermatheca.
Syntype, 1 ex., labeled as follows: type, C. cava, Coll. Jil. Moser, Type. NORTH KOREA: 1 ex., Korea 81/51 Kwail 18.VI. A.S. [North Korea, Hwanghae Prov., Kwail, 18.vi.1981, A. Szeptycki].
The North Korean record of the species by
Syntype, 3 exx., labeled as in Figs
The North Korean record of the species by
Microdota, one of the most species-rich subgenus of Atheta, is taxonomically reviewed and the subgenus is represented in Korea by 15 species. Most specimens were collected by flight intercept trap and some others collected by sifting leaf litter. Six species [Atheta (Microdota) amicula, A. (M.) formicetorum, A. (M.) koreana, A. (M.) muris, A. (M.) palleola and A. (M.) spiniventris] have been found in association with fungus but they seem not to be mycetophagous. Atheta (M.) subcrenulata was usually found in decaying vegetables and straw piles. No habitat preference of North Korean species is available.
Since the first record of Korean Microdota species by
Compared with other north temperate regions, such as Czech Republic (17 species), Great Britain (16 species), Spain (13 species), and Turkey (11 species), the diversity of Korean Microdota is close to that of the regions (
We thank Margaret Thayer (FMNH, Chicago), Grzegorz Paśnik (ISEA, Poland), Johannes Frisch (MNHB, Berlin), and Roger Booth (NHM, London) for providing valuable specimens. We are also grateful to Tae-Kyu Kim (CNUIC) for taking habitus photographs of South Korean species. Comments by J. H. Frank (Univ. of Florida, Gainesville) made the manuscript more readable. Financial support was provided by the National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR) of Ministry of Environment, KOREA (1834-302) and the research on Microdota species newly discovered in Korea was supported by a grant from the National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR), funded by the Ministry of Environment (MOE) of the Republic of Korea (NIBR201501203).