Ceratocapsus balli Knight, 1927.

This genus is distinguished by a combination of an often shiny dorsum, usually polished head and pronotum; the generally thickened antennal segments I–III, especially in males; the weakly rounded, subparallel to weakly constricted hemelytra with distinct, uniformly distributed, usually brown-stained punctures, often with erect, slender to stout bristle-like setae, intermixed with slender, pale or silvery scale-like setae, especially on the clavus and basal half of the corium; the distinctive stridulatory patch ventrally on abdominal segments II and III; and the distinctive male genitalia, with the main body of the right paramere stout with one or more variously shaped lateral arms, the left paramere usually with one or two dorsal spines or variously shaped processes and the left-most process usually forming a hammer- or beak-like process; and the phallotheca usually apically acute, bifid, or hooked.

Males and females macropterous. Length of males 2.82–3.71 mm; length of females 2.27–3.58 mm. Head: Broader than long; posterior margin truncate to slightly concave, narrowly carinate, posterior margin of eyes level with base of vertex; eye large, broadly rounded, coarsely faceted, dorsal width of one eye greater than interocular width, lateral height in males equal or subequal (0.90) to height of head, from about one half to slightly less than three fourths (0.70) height in females; frons broad, shiny to dull, smooth to transversely rugose; clypeus moderately acute, visible from dorsal aspect; scattered with semierect and erect, simple setae. Labium: Segment I long, extending posteriorly well beyond base of head, with only basal half enclosed within buccula; segment IV extending to middle or hind coxae. Antenna: Slender to weakly thickened, especially in males; segment I shortest; segment II longest, slender basally, gradually enlarging to apex, sometimes weakly clavate; segment III slightly longer than IV, both subequal to apical diameter of segment II. Pronotum: Trapeziform, lateral margins straight to weakly sulcate, posterior margin weakly rounded; dorsum dull to shiny, finely to coarsely punctate, sometimes alutaceous to weakly rugose; calli indistinct; set with scattered erect and semierect, simple setae, often intermixed with short, silvery, sericeous setae. Mesoscutum: Covered by posterior margin of pronotum. Scutellum: Equilateral; evenly punctate, mixed with simple and silvery sericeous setae. Hemelytra: Weakly rounded to subparallel, sometimes weakly constricted through middle, especially in males; distinctly punctate, shiny to more dull; thickly set with short recumbent simple and silvery sericeous setae, often intermixed with long, erect, sometimes nearly bristle-like setae; all known species fully macropterous. Ventral surface: Shiny; clothed with short, recumbent, simple setae; base of abdominal segment III (second visible segment) in most species with a distinct stridulatory patch (Fig. 112) composed of tiny spicules or microspines. Ostiolar evaporative area: Pale, knob at end of scent channel relatively small, sometimes more reddish. Legs: Slender, unmodified. Male genitalia: Aperture large, open, unarmed; stridulatory patch ventrally on abdominal segments II and/or III distinct in most species; generalized left paramere usually with a large hammer- or beak-like process distally and one or two more basal short acute processes; right paramere with a main trunk and one to three variously shaped lateral arms; phallotheca slender with apex broadly pointed or ending in a slender acute or bifid process; endosoma simple, unmodified.

The name of this new genus is taken from the generic name Ceratocapsus Reuter and Latin suffix “idea”, meaning form or appearance, and is used to reflect the overall resemblance of the two genera. The gender is feminine.

Some members of this genus group are the least myrmecomorphic of the genera included in the Renodaeus group (e.g., C. complicata, C. rufistigma, C. texensis). Nevertheless, the male genitalia hold these less-ant-like species together as a group close to the other seven genera treated in this paper.

The following key includes external morphology when possible to help distinguish species, though male genitalia are necessary to identity very similar species.

C. alayoi (Fig. 24) is distinguished by the brownishyellow pronotum, red-tinged vertex, and apically hammer-shaped left paramere (Fig. 148), with a bifid process at the middle, and the right paramere (Fig. 151) with two long, recurving arms and a large crenulate inner process.

Holotype male (after Hernández and Henry 1999; abdomen and wings detached): Length about 3.30 mm. Head: Length 0.52 mm, width across eyes 0.82 mm, interocular width 0.22 mm. Labium: Length (measurement not given). Antenna: Segment I, length 0.30 mm; II, 1.05 mm; III, 0.45; IV, missing. Pronotum: Length 0.73 mm; basal width 1.06 mm.

Coloration: General coloration brownish yellow with dark brown areas on posterior margin of pronotum and hemelytron. Head: Castaneous. Antenna: Segment I yellow, II and III pale brown, IV missing. Labium: Segments I and II red, III and IV missing. Pronotum: Shiny, brown anteriorly and darker brown to lateral angles; calli obsolete. Scutellum: Yellow, finely punctate. Hemelytron: Basal half of corium yellow, clavus and remainder of corium brown, claval commissure brown, cuneus dark brown, membrane dark translucent gray or brown. Ventral surface: Mesosternum reddish brown, abdominal segments reddish brown mesally, brown laterally. Ostiolar evaporative area: Pale or white. Legs: Yellow, procoxae reddish brown.

Structure, texture, and vestiture: Head: Smooth, impunctate; clypeus weakly produced; eyes prominent, occupying entire lateral height of head. Labium: Extending to hind coxa. Scutellum: Finely punctate. Hemelytron: Punctate, lateral margins subparallel. Body covered with erect brown setae, intermixed with white sericeous or scale-like setae, especially on scutellum and hemelytron.

Male genitalia: Left paramere (Fig. 148) slender with two stout, acute processes at middle and a hammer-shaped process at apex. Right paramere (Fig. 151) stout with two long, inward-curving arms and a large crenulate inner process. Phallotheca (Fig. 149): Elongate, gradually tapering to a slender point apically.

Female: Length 2.85 mm, width not measured. Head: Length 0.60 mm, width across eyes 0.75 mm, interocular width 0.30 mm. Antenna: Segment I, length 0.30 mm, yellow, with a red basal dash; remaining segments missing. Pronotum: Length 0.60 mm, basal width 0.60 mm.

Unknown.

Described and known only from Cuba.

Holotype ♂: CUBA: Guantánamo: Tortugilla, vii 1975, L. B. Zayas (IES); paratype ♀, same data as for holotype (IES).

The above information is based in part on Hernández and Henry’s (1999) diagnosis and description. After preparation of the original description, the holotype was returned to IES in Cuba, where it is presently inaccessible for study. Based on the original description, Figures of male genitalia provided by Hernández and Henry (1999, 2010), and study of two paratypes in the USNM collection, C. alayoi clearly belongs in Ceratocapsidea.

This species (Fig. 25) is best distinguished by the overall brown coloration, impunctate head and pronotum, evenly punctate hemelytron with erect, scattered, simple setae, intermixed with silvery scale-like setae on the clavus and corium, and the distinctive male genitalia, including the bilobed left paramere (Fig. 152), the complex right paramere (Figs 154, 155) with two arms visible from caudal view, one long and slender, and one bifid apically, and a large flared or fan-like inner process, and the relatively simple, apically acute phallotheca (Fig. 153) with a subapical notch.

Male (n = 4; holotype measurements in parentheses): Length to apex of membrane 3.30–3.58 mm (3.50 mm), width 1.12–1.28 mm (1.15 mm). Head: Width 0.74–0.77 mm (0.74 mm), interocular width 0.26–0.27 mm (0.27 mm). Labium: Length 1.31–1.41 mm (1.38 mm). Antenna: Segment I, 0.32–0.35 (0.30 mm); II, 0.91–0.96 (0.94 mm); III, 0.48–0.54 (0.54 mm); IV, 0.48–0.50 (0.50 mm). Pronotum: Length 0.66–0.69 mm (0.69 mm); basal width 1.06–1.12 mm (1.12 mm).

Coloration: Head: Yellowish brown to dark brown. Antenna: Segment I yellowish brown, with a red dash near base; segment II yellowish brown, apex red; segment IV yellowish brown on basal half, reddish brown on distal half; segment IV reddish brown. Pronotum: Anterior lobe dull yellowish brown to dark brown; posterior lobe shiny dark brown. Scutellum: Yellowish brown to dark brown. Hemelytron: Clavus and basal half of corium yellowish brown, apical half of corium dark brown; cuneus dark brown to reddish brown, except for paler inner angle (paracuneus); membrane pale or whitish on basal half, dark smoky brown on apical half. Ventral surface: Overall yellowish brown; abdomen dark shiny brown, paler basally. Ostiolar evaporative area: White. Legs: Uniformly yellowish brown to dark brown.

Structure, texture, and vestiture: Dorsal surface shiny overall. Head: Impunctate, vertex transversely finely granulate. Labium: Extending to middle of hind coxae or base of abdomen. Pronotum: Impunctate, anterior lobe and calli finely granulate, posterior lobe more polished and smooth; scutellum transversely rugose with fine, brown-stained punctures. Hemelytron: Evenly scattered with brown-stained punctures. Head and pronotum with recumbent and semierect simple setae; hemelytron with scattered, long, erect, simple setae, intermixed with white, flattened, scale-like setae on clavus and basal half of corium.

Male genitalia: Left paramere (Fig. 152) bilobed, right lobe weakly curved and apically acute (tip broken and blunt in holotype); left lobe strongly curved downward and apically pointed. Right paramere (Figs 154, 155) with elongate main stem and two lateral arms, the shorter one bifid apically, inner surface with a wide fan-like process extending downward into a curved spine. Phallotheca and endosoma (Fig. 153) tapering to a point apicially, with a subapical notch.

Female: Unknown.

Named after the Bahama Islands where the only four known specimens were collected.

Unknown.

Known only from Nassau, New Providence Island, Bahama Islands.

Holotype ♂: BAHAMAS: Nassau: New Providence Co.: 24 Jun 1972, F. D. Bennett, blacklight trap (00286325) (USNM). Paratypes: BAHAMAS: Nassau: New Providence Co.: 24 Jun 1972, F. D. Bennett, blacklight trap, 1♂ (00286324) (USNM). 16 Apr 1953, E.B. Hayden, at light, 2♂♂ (00286049, 00286050) (AMNH).

Ceratocapsus balli (Figs 26–28) can be distinguished from all other species of the genus by the impunctate, shiny, brown head and pronotum; punctate hemelytra with numerous white, scale-like setae on the clavus and basal half of the corium; and the male genitalia, especially the left paramere (Fig. 156), with a beak-like distal process and right (Fig. 158) paramere, with an apically hooked lateral arm.

Male (n = 10; holotype measurements in parentheses): Length 0.83–1.03 mm (1.01 mm); width 1.06–1.22 mm (1.24 mm). Head: 0.67–0.74 mm (0.74 mm), interocular width 0.22–0.26 mm (0.26 mm). Labium: Length 0.93–1.06 mm (1.06 mm). Antenna: Segment I, length 0.22–0.27 mm (0.27 mm); II, 0.70–0.85 mm (0.85 mm); III, 0.40–0.48 mm (0.43 mm); IV, 0.38–0.40 mm (0.40 mm). Pronotum: Length 0.51–0.64 mm (0.64 mm), basal width 0.93–1.12 mm (1.12 mm).

Coloration: Overall coloration dark brown to fuscous. Head: Dark brown, eyes dark brown or fuscous. Antenna: Segment I and basal half to two thirds of II brown to yellowish brown, segments III, IV, and apical third of II usually red tinged. Pronotum: Fuscous. Hemelytron: Clavus and basal half of corium brown to yellowish brown, becoming dark brown through middle of corium, apical third of embolium, and on cuneus; membrane pale or whitish on basal third, dark smoky gray or brown distally. Ventral surface: Dark brown on thorax to fuscous or nearly black on abdomen. Ostiolar evaporative area: White, with central knob red. Legs: Fore and middle coxae brown, often red tinged, hind coxa paler brown; fore and middle femora yellowish brown to dark brown, hind femur usually dark brown; fore and middle tibiae reddish, pale on apical third to fourth, hind tibia uniformly reddish; tarsi and claws yellowish brown.

Structure, texture, and vestiture: Head: Impunctate, shiny. Labium: Extending to bases of hind coxae. Pronotum: Impunctate, shiny, smooth, slightly transversely wrinkled near collar, calli smooth, impunctate; scutellum finely punctate and transversely rugose. Hemelytron: Uniformly and finely punctate. Head with scattered simple, recumbent simple setae; pronotum with numerous, relatively long, semierect simple setae; scutellum with numerous, small, white, scale-like setae, intermixed with a few long, erect, simple setae; hemelytra densely covered with small, white, scale-like setae, mostly on clavus and basal half of corium through paler brown areas, intermixed with scattered, relatively long, semierect, simple setae.

Male genitalia: Left paramere (Fig. 156) elongate, with a well-developed beak-like distal process and two short, stout, apically acute processes at middle. Right paramere (Fig. 158) relatively slender, with a long, upward-curving and apically hooked lateral arm. Phallotheca (Fig. 157) relatively stout, weakly curved, and apically acute.

Female (n = 3): Length 2.82–2.88 mm, width 1.15–1.20 mm. Head: Width 0.62–0.64 mm, interocular width 0.29 mm. Labium: Length 0.96 mm. Antenna: Segment I, length 0.24–0.26 mm; II, 0.72–0.74 mm; III, 0.45 mm; IV, 0.40 mm. Pronotum: Length 0.58 mm, basal width 0.99–1.02 mm.

Most specimens studied are males that have been taken at light. Henry and Wheeler (1982) beat a specimen from Batis maritima L.[Bataceae] in Upper Key Largo. In Florida, three specimens were taken on live oak, Quercus virginiana Mill. [Fagaceae], and three were swept from ferns.

This species was described and previously known only from Florida (Knight 1927). New records are Arkansas, Georgia, Louisiana, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Texas.

Henry and Wheeler (1982) based their record of Ceratocapsus nigropiceus in Florida on comparison of the undissected holotype from Jamaica with locally collected material from South Florida. Re-examination of a male paratype and other specimens of C. nigropiceus from Jamaica shows that this species is similar to C. balli in overall size, general appearance, and the shape of the left (Fig. 186) and right parameres (Fig. 188). More detailed examination of dissected specimens, however, shows that the two species are quite distinct, especially in the stouter, apically acute phallotheca of C. balli (Fig. 157) as compared with a more slender and apically bifid phallotheca in C. nigropiceus. As a consequence, reference is made to Henry and Wheeler’s (1982) Florida record of C. nigropiceus to C. balli.

In addition, a small series of specimens taken at lights in the Gainesville, Florida, area differ in details of the right and left parameres from the typical C. balli. The right paramere has a distinct elongate process at the base of the lateral arm, the apex of the lateral arm is less hooked, and the main trunk has a broad subapical flange. The left paramere has a broader beak-like apex and the two processes at the middle of the main trunk are longer, more slender, and sharply pointed apically. Examination of additional material to determine variability of these structures may eventually reveal that this population is distinct from C. balli.

Holotype ♂: USA: Florida: Seminole Co.: Sanford, 15 May 1926, E. D. Ball (00162209) (USNM). Paratypes: USA: Florida: Alachua Co.: Agricultural Research Station, Univ. Florida, Gainesville, 29.64254EN, 82.32289EW, 12 m, 09 May 1918, C. J. Drake, 1♂ (00329539) (CNC), 1♀ (02467780) (TAMU). Seminole Co.: Sanford, 28.80055EN, 81.27312EW, 01 Jun 1926, E. D. Ball, 1♀ (00329540) (CNC), 3♀♀ (00071407, 00071408, 00071356) (USNM). Sanford, 28.7884EN, 81.2544EW, 12 m, 17 Aug 1927, E. D. Ball, 1♂ (00246779) (TAMU). Volusia Co.: Orange City, 28.94852EN, 81.29883EW, 8 m, 05 May 1928, E. D. Ball, 1♀ (02467781) (TAMU).

USA: Arkansas: Garland Co.: Camp Clearfork Ouachita National Forest, ca. 1 km S. of U.S. route 270, area ca. 30 km W. Hot Springs, 34.85EN, 93.65EW, 25 Jun 2008, Brian Baldwin, 2♂♂ (00286327, 00286328) (USNM). Florida: Alachua Co.: Gainesville, 29EN, 82EW, 13 May 1977–15 May 1977, F. W. Mead, 3♂♂ (00071413- 00071415) (USNM); 20 May 1977–22 May 1977, F. W. Mead, 1♂ (00286052), 2♂♂ (00071419, 00071420), 1♀ (00071421) (USNM); 03 Jun 1977–05 Jun 1977, F. W. Mead, 1♂ (00286053) (USNM); 09 Jun 1978–11 Jun 1978, F. W. Mead, 2♂♂ (00071416, 00071417) (USNM); 08 Sep 1978–10 Sep 1978, F. W. Mead, 1♂ (00071418) (USNM). Gainesville, 29.63527EN, 82.37111EW, 24 m, 05 May 1977, F. W. Mead, 1♂ (00071437) (USNM); 22 May 1986–26 May 1986, F. W. Mead, 1♂ (00071439) (USNM); 10 Dec 1997, F. W. Mead, 1♂ (00071438) (USNM). Gainesville, 29EN, 82EW, 20 May 1977–22 May 1977, F. W. Mead, 1♂ (00286013) (USNM). Hendry Co.: LaBelle, 26.76055EN, 81.43916EW, 16 Jul 1939, Oman, fern, 1♂ (00071429) (USNM). Highlands Co.: Archbold Biological Station, 27.18833EN, 81.33778EW, 12 Mar 1971, S. W. Frost, 1♂ (00071423) (USNM). Highlands Hammock State Park, 27.47138EN, 81.54138EW, 26 m, 22 Apr 1981–28 Apr 1981, T. J. Henry, swept from fern, 1♀ (00071424) (USNM). Marion Co.: 9 mi SSW of Ocala, 29.819EN, 82.187EW, 27 Aug 1975, Drummond & Wiley, fern, 1♀ (00071428) (USNM). Lake Eaton, BLT, 29.25861EN, 81.86444EW, 10 m, 08 Aug 1975–25 Aug 1975, J. & S. Knox, black light, 1♂ (00071422) (USNM). Monroe Co.: Bahia Honda Key, 27.73722EN, 82.73583EW, 1 m, 10 Jun 1968, F. E. Wood, black light, 1♂ (00071425) (USNM). Upper Key Largo, 25.124EN, 80.41502EW, 2 m, 17 Apr 1982, T. J. Henry and A. G. Wheeler, Jr, Batis maritima (Bataceae), 1♂ (00286055) (USNM). Seminole Co.: Sanford; 17 Apr 1927, E. D. Ball, 1♂ (00286051), 1♀ (00071409) (USNM); 05 May 1927, E. D. Ball, 1♂ (00071410) (USNM); 15 May 1927, E. D. Ball, Quercus sp. (Fagaceae), det. E.D. Ball, 1♀ (00071360) (USNM). Volusia Co.: Orange City, 28.94852EN, 81.29883EW, 8 m, 05 May 1928, E. D. Ball, 2♂♂ (00071411, 00071412) (USNM). Rt. 415, 2 miles N. Osteen, 28.87888EN, 81.1525EW, 27 Apr 1984–28 Apr 1984, T. J. Henry, J. T. Polhemus and A. G. Wheeler Jr., Quercus virginiana (Fagaceae), 1♀ (00071435), 1♂ (00071436), light trap, 1♀ (00286016) (USNM); 27 Apr 1984, T. J. Henry, J. T. Polhemus and A. G. Wheeler Jr., Quercus virginiana (Fagaceae), 1♂ (00286054) (USNM). Georgia: Peach Co.: Peach County, 32.5666EN, 83.8333EW, 12 Jul 1943, Turner, light trap, 1♂ (00071427) (USNM); 12 Jul 1943, Turner, light trap, 1♀ (00071426) (USNM). Louisiana: Baton Rouge Parish: E. Baton Rouge, 24–25 July 1998, E. G. Riley, at UV light (TAMU). North Carolina: Columbus Co.: Lake Waccamaw, 34.32194EN, 78.52194EW, 18 m, 04 Jul 1985–06 Jul 1985, W. Steiner & A. Gerberich, at blacklight in oak & pine scrub sand barren near lake, 1♀ (00071430), 2♂♂ (00071431, 00071432) (USNM). Tennessee: Hamilton Co.: Hamilton County, 35.22111EN, 85.20888EW, 24 Jun 1943–15 Jul 1943, Turner, light trap, 1♀ (00071433), 1♂ (00071434) (USNM). Texas: Brazos Co.: College Station, Riley Estate, 30.58833EN, 96.25333EW, 18 May 2006–19 May 2006, K. Menard, light & sheet, 2♂♂ (00286014, 00286015) (USNM).

Gainesville specimens showing genitalic variation discussed above: Florida: 1♂, Alachua Co., Gainesville [Doyle Conner Building], 5 May 1977, F. W. Mead (USNM); 1♂, same locality, 10 Dec. 1997, no collector (FSCA); 1♂, same locality, 22–26 May 1986, F. W. Mead. (FSCA).

This species (Fig. 29) is distinguished by the dark brown head; shiny, finely punctate, dark brown pronotum; slightly paler brown hemelytra, with numerous white scale-like setae, intermixed with relatively long, semierect simple setae; and the male genitalia, especially the left paramere (Fig. 159) with a small, beak-like, apical process and two middle processes with the basal one erect and directed outward, and the complex right paramere (Figs 161, 162) with multiple arms and processes.

Male (n = 6; holotype measurements in parentheses): Length 3.30–3.65 mm (3.65 mm), width 1.09–1.22 mm (1.15 mm). Head: Width 0.75–0.78 mm (0.77 mm), interocular width 0.21–0.22 mm (0.22 mm). Labium: Length 1.17–1.23 mm (1.23 mm). Antenna: Segment I, length 0.17–0.18 mm (0.18 mm); II, 0.77–0.85 mm (0.85 mm); III, 0.38–0.40 mm (0.40 mm); IV, 0.38–0.42 mm (0.42 mm). Pronotum: Length 0.64–0.67 mm (0.67 mm), basal width 1.15–1.20 mm (1.20 mm).

Coloration: Overall coloration brown to dark brown. Head: Dark brown, eyes grayish brown, weakly tinged with red on some specimens. Pronotum: Dark brown; mesoscutum brown, scutellum brown, becoming paler yellowish brown on distal half. Hemelytron: Brown to yellowish brown, cuneus dark brown; membrane and vein translucent brown, paler along basal margins. Ventral surface: Thoracic segment dark brown; abdomen brown to yellowish brown. Ostiolar evaporative area: Uniformly yellowish brown. Legs: Coxae yellowish brown; femora pale yellowish brown on basal fourth, fore and middle femora brown distally, hind femur dark brown distally; tibiae dark brown; tarsi and claws brown to yellowish brown.

Structure, texture, and vestiture: Head: Finely faceted, with scattered, short, recumbent simple setae. Antenna: Relatively thickened, segment IV and apical diameters of segments II and III subequal to diameter of segment I. Labium: Extending to bases of hind coxae. Pronotum: Shiny, evenly and finely punctate, except for finely granulate calli; with scattered, short, recumbent simple setae, intermixed with a few longer, erect, simple setae. Mesoscutum: Finely punctate. Scutellum: finely punctate and weakly transversely rugose, with scattered, small, white, scale-like setae, intermixed with a few long, erect, bristle-like setae. Hemelytron: Shiny, evenly punctate, with numerous small, white, scale-like setae especially on clavus and basal half of corium, intermixed with long, erect, bristle-like setae.

Male genitalia: Left paramere (Fig. 159) elongate, with a beak-like distal process, and two middle processes, the basal one erect, apically acute and directed outward, and middle process prostrate, lying flat against the main body. Phallotheca (Fig. 160) elongate, tapering distally to a fine point; tapered point varying from relatively short to long and nearly thread-like. Right paramere (Figs 161, 162) with one large and one small lateral arm arising from stout main stem in caudal aspect, and one short, apically rounded and one short slender process on anterior side.

Female: Unknown.

This species is named in honor of my good friend and colleague, Dr. Richard M. Baranowski (University of Florida, Homestead), who has done much to advance our knowledge of the Heteroptera with his many collections, especially from South Florida and the West Indies, and his numerous important publications, including How to Know the True Bugs (Slater and Baranowski 1978), the Coreidae of Florida (Baranowski and Slater 1986), the Lygaeidae of Florida (Slater and Baranowski 1990), and the Lygaeidae of the West Indies (Baranowski and Slater 2005).

Unknown.

Known only from Jamaica.

Holotype ♂: Jamaica: St. Andrew Parish: Holywell Forest Camp, 4000 ft, Jan 1972–Jul 1972, M. Winegar, Holotype, (00286065) (USNM). Paratypes: Portland Parish: Green Hills Institute Jamaica Cabin, 23 Nov 1968, R. E. Woodruff, Paratype, 1♂ (00286061) (USNM); 17 Aug 1969, R. E. Woodruff, 2♂♂ (00286059, 00286060) (FSCA); 13 Dec 1969, E.G. Farnworth, 1♂ (00286062) (USNM). St. Andrew Parish: Holywell Forest Camp, Jan 1972 - Jul 1972, M. Winegar, Holotype, 1♂ (USNM); 19 Jul 1972, M. Winegar, 1♂ (00286064) (USNM); 04 Aug 1972, M. Winegar, 1♂ (00286063) (USNM). Holywell Forest Camp, 1219 m, Sep 1971 - Oct 1971, M. Winegar, 1♂ (00286058) (USNM); 01 Sep 1971, M. Winegar, 1♂ (00286057) (USNM); 16 Dec 1971, M. Winegar, 1♂ (00286056) (USNM).

This species (Figs 30, 31) is distinguished by the overall yellowishbrown to orange-brown coloration with a pale embolium (costal margin) and red cuneus; two dark spots on the paler pronotal disc; the pale yellow antenna with only segment IV and the apex of III red; and the distinct male genitalia, especially the right paramere (Figs 165, 166) with two lateral arms in the caudal aspect and one in the anterior aspect and the distally bifid phallotheca (Fig. 164).

Male (n = 10; holotype measurements in parentheses): Length 3.17–3.71 mm (3.71 mm), width 1.28–1.47 mm (1.47 mm). Head: Width 0.69–0.75 mm (0.75 mm), interocular width 0.24–0.26 mm (0.26 mm). Labium: Length 0.93–1.12 mm. Antenna: Segment I, length 0.26–0.30 mm (0.30 mm); II, 0.72–0.98 mm (0.98 mm); III, 0.40–0.56 mm (0.56 mm); IV, 0.32–0.43 mm (0.43 mm). Pronotum: Length 0.58–0.69 mm (0.69 mm), basal width 1.07–1.23 mm (1.23 mm).

Coloration: Overall coloration yellowish to orange brown, some specimens becoming darker brown. Head: Yellowish brown to dark brown; eyes dark brown, often tinged with red around margins. Antenna: Pale yellow, segment I usually with a red streak on inner basal surface; segment II yellow, sometimes tinged with red at apex; segment III yellow, red on distal half to two thirds; segment IV red. Pronotum: Yellowish to orange brown, discal area with two small to large dark brown to nearly fuscous round spots just behind calli; scutellum concolorous with pronotum, often dark brown to fuscous at middle of base. Hemelytron: Orange brown to dark brown, costal margin (embolium), cuneus usually red or red tinged except for pale yellowishbrown outer margin and inner angle (paracuneus); membrane smoky brown, paler along basal margin bordering cuneus. Ventral surface: Thorax largely dark brown to fuscous, becoming paler ventrally; abdomen brown to darker reddish brown. Ostiolar evaporative area: Pale or whitish, often tinged with red through middle. Legs: Uniformly yellowish brown, hind femora usually red tinged on apical half.

Structure, texture, and vestiture: Head: Frons and vertex finely granulate, frons sometimes becoming weakly transversely rugose. Labium: Extending to bases on hind coxae. Pronotum: Finely punctate throughout except finely granulate area around calli. Scutellum: Finely punctate, weakly transversely rugose on basal half. Hemelytron: Finely and evenly punctate, except on costal margin and outer margin of cuneus. Ventral surface shiny, with only a few recumbent simple setae. Head and pronotum with numerous recumbent, simple setae, intermixed with a few longer semierect, simple setae; scutellum with three types of setae: short, recumbent and long erect, simple setae, intermixed with small, white, scale-like setae. Hemelytra with numerous short, recumbent simple setae, intermixed with long, erect and semierect simple setae, and numerous short, slender, white, scale-like setae.

Male genitalia: Left paramere (Fig. 163) beak-like distally, with two processes at middle, one long, reclining or prostrate and directed apically and one short, tubercle-like basally. Right paramere (Figs 165, 166) with two long, slender, curving arms in caudal aspect and a slightly shorter arm anteriorly. Phallotheca (Fig. 164) elongate and strongly bifid apically.

Female (n = 10): Length 3.07–3.42 mm, width 1.38–1.47 mm. Head: Width 0.69–0.70 mm, interocular width 0.32 mm. Labium: Length 1.09–1.15 mm. Antenna: Segment I, length 0.27–0.29 mm; II, 0.57–0.58 mm; III, 0.51–0.54 mm; IV, 0.40–0.43 mm. Pronotum: Length 0.59–0.62 mm, basal width 1.06–1.15 mm.

A. G. Wheeler and I have beaten this species from various trees (Fraxinus sp. [Oleaceae], Ulmus sp. [Ulmaceae]), shrubs (Viburnum sp. [Caprifoliaceae]), thick vegetation, and vines, especially Vitis spp. (grape) and Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Plauch. (Virginia creeper) [Vitaceae]). Individuals also have been taken on Ampelopsis arborea (L.) Koehne [Vitaceae], Alnus serrulata (Aiton) Willd. [Betulaceae], Aralia spinosa L. [Araliaceae], Cannabis sativa L. [Cannabaceae], Celtis sp. [Ulmaceae], Commelina virginiana L. [Commelinaceae], Juglans nigra L. [Juglandaceae], and Pluchea purpurascens ( Sw. ) DC. [Asteraceae], most of which are probably incidental or represent sitting records. These numerous plant records indicate that C. complicata probably is a generalist predator, searching for prey on unrelated plants.

Previously known in the United States from Florida, Illinois, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia (Henry and Wheeler 1988). New state records are Arkansas, Georgia, Indiana, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, and Tennessee.

I note that the female allotype and one female paratype from Gainesville, Florida, in Knight’s “type series” for his manuscript name “Ceratocapsus rufistigmus”, unintentionally validated by Blatchley (1926), actually are specimens of C. complicatus as listed below [also see my neotype desigation for C. rufistigma Blatchley based on a male from Knight manuscript name series].

Holotype ♂: [USA] Missouri [Taney Co.]: Hollister, 22 July 1915, H. H. Knight (00162214) (USNM). Paratypes: USA: Florida: Alachua Co.: Agricultural Research Station, University of Florida, Gainesville, 29.64254EN, 82.32289EW, 12 m, 09 May 1918, C. J. Drake [as C. rufistigma Knight, ms name], 1♂ (00329557) (CNC). Gainesville, 29.63527EN, 82.37111EW, 24 m, 04 Jul 1918, C. J. Drake [as C. rufistigma Knight, ms name], 1♂ (00246811) (TAMU). Maryland: Calvert Co.: Plum Point, 38.61417EN, 76.5125EW, 09 Aug 1913, W. L. McAtee, 1♂ (00329558) (CNC). Mississippi: Lowndes Co.: Columbus, 33.49556EN, 88.42722EW, 24 Jan 1921, Unknown, 1♀ (00071440) (USNM).

USA: Arkansas: Hot Spring Co.: 5 mi. S. of Bismark, Rt. 7, 34.2675EN, 93.14583EW, 08 Jun 2004, T. J. Henry and A. G Wheeler, Jr., Parthenocissus quinquefolia (Vitaceae), 1♂ (00286010) (USNM). Perry Co.: Rt. 60, near Conway, Toadsuck Park, 35.07198EN, 92.52377EW, 91 m, 12 Jun 1987, T. J. Henry and A. G. Wheeler, Jr, 1♀ (00286008) Vitis sp. (Vitaceae), 1♂ (00286006), 1♀ (00286007) (USNM). Pope Co.: Russellville, Arkansas Tech University, 35.27842EN, 93.13379EW, 13 Jun 1987, T. J. Henry and A. G Wheeler, Jr., Fraxinus sp. (Oleaceae), 1♂ (00286009) (USNM). Florida: Alachua Co.: Newnan’s Lake, Gainesville, 29.65073EN, 82.24006EW, 26 Apr 1952, O. Peck, 1♂ (00167380) (AMNH). Liberty Co.: 1.5 to 3 mi S of Bristol, County Road 379, 30.40532EN, 84.96591EW, 44 m, 07 May 1982, T. J. Henry, Pluchea purpurascens (Asteraceae), 1♂ (00286004) (USNM). Torreya State Park, 30.56889EN, 84.94778EW, 28 Apr 1952, O. Peck, 1♂ (00167378) (AMNH). University of Florida Agricultural Experimental Station, 29.72108EN, 82.41816EW, 53 m, 31 May 1918, C. J. Drake, 1♀ (00286266) (USNM); 04 Aug 1918, C. J. Drake, 1♀ (00286267) (USNM). Georgia: Peach Co.: Peach County, 32.5666EN, 83.8333EW, 13 Sep 1943, Turner, light trap, 1♂ (00071450) (USNM). Illinois: Pope Co.: Herod, 37.58028EN, 88.43611EW, 24 Jul 1930, Knight and Rose, 1♀ (00071441) (USNM). Indiana: Elkhart Co.: Elkhart, 41.68194EN, 85.97666EW, 229 m, 05 Aug 1896, R.J. Weith, 1♂ (00071453) (USNM). Louisiana: Madison Parish: Tallulah, 32.4083EN, 91.1867EW, 16 Jun 1924, E. R. Kalmbach, 1♂ (00286011) (USNM). Rapides Parish: Alexandria, 31.3125EN, 92.44555EW, 14 m, 08 Jun 1943, Wm. F. Buren, 1♂ (00286003) (USNM); 16 Jul 1943, Wm. Buren, 1♂ (00071442) (USNM). Maryland: Anne Arundel Co.: Odenton, 39.08389EN, 76.70056EW, 29 Jul 1917, W. L. McAtee, Vitis sp. (Vitaceae), 1♀(00071449) (USNM). Baltimore Co.: Butler, 39.03444EN, 76.7275EW, 108 m, 19 Sep 1986–23 Sep 1986, E. J. Ford, light trap, 1♂ (00071454) (USNM). Calvert Co.: Plum Point, 38.61417EN, 76.5125EW, 09 Aug 1913, W. L. McAtee, 1♂ (00071447) (USNM). Prince George’s Co.: Beltsville, 39.03472EN, 76.90778EW, 14 Aug 1914, W. L. McAtee, 1♂ (00071446) (USNM). Mississippi: Issaquena Co.: Rolling Fork, 32.90555EN, 90.87972EW, 30 m, 23 Jul 1929, H. G. Johnston, 1♀ (00071444), 1♂ (00071445) (USNM). Lafayette Co.: University of Mississippi Campus, 34.36667EN, 89.53528EW, 30 Jun 1983, P. K. Lago, Cannabis sativa (Cannabaceae), 1♂ (00285999) (USNM). Noxubee Co.: 33.10472EN, 88.55811EW, 52 m, 06 Aug 1972, M.F. Bonuster, 1♀ (00286002) (USNM). Oktibbeha Co.: Missississippi State University [A. & M. College], Starkville, 33.4504EN, 88.81839EW, 91 m, 22 Sep 1894, H. E. Weed, 1♂ (00286000) (USNM). Sharkey Co.: Cary, 32.80583EN, 90.92666EW, 29 m, 27 Jul 1929, H. G. Johnston, 1♂ (00246807) (TAMU), 1♂ (00071443) (USNM). Rolling Fork, 32.90631EN, 90.87811EW, 29 m, 23 Jul 1929, H. G. Johnston, 1♂ (00246806) (TAMU). Washington Co.: Stoneville, 33.42401EN, 90.9151EW, 18 Aug 1983, G. L. Snodgrass, Vitis cinerea (Vitaceae), 1♂ (00285993) (USNM); 08 Sep 1983, G. L. Snodgrass, Commelina virginica L. (Commelinaceae), 1♀ (00285992) (USNM); 24 Sep 1983, G. L. Snodgrass, Ampelopsis arborea (Vitaceae), 1♀ (00285991), 1♂ (00285994) (USNM). Missouri: St. Charles Co.: Peruque, 38.86833EN, 90.60806EW, 21 Jul 1919, W. L. McAtee, 2♂♂ (00285995, 00285996) (USNM). North Carolina: Edgecombe Co.: 10 km NNE Tarboro, 35.97988EN, 77.49356EW, 08 Jul 1983, W. Steiner, A. Gerberich, A. & J. Clarke, 1 (?sex) (00286001) (USNM). Macon Co.: Wayah Gap, 35.15516EN, 83.58086EW, 1280 m, 29 Jul 1957, J. G. Chillcott, 1♀ (00167376), 1♂ (00167377) (AMNH). Wayne Co.: Mill Creek, 35.44656EN, 78.02973EW, 25 m, 14 Aug 1957, L. A. Kelton, 1♀ (00167379) (AMNH). Oklahoma: Carter Co.: Rt. 53 & I-35, near Springer, 34.30388EN, 97.1625EW, 200 m, 13 Jun 1999, T. J. Henry and A. G. Wheeler, Jr., Juglans sp. (Juglandaceae), 1♂ (00071459) (USNM). Pennsylvania: Indiana Co.: 4mi W of Strongstown, 40.51682EN, 78.86219EW, 575 m, 14 Aug 1974, A. G. Wheeler, Aralia spinosa (Araliaceae), 1♂ (00246809) (TAMU). Monroe Co.: Sciota, Rt. 33, along Belmont Pike, 40.92722EN, 75.30111EW, 19 Jul 1998, T. J. Henry, Vitis sp. (Vitaceae), 1♂ (00286005) (USNM). York Co.: Manchester, Dauber’s Nursery, 40.06306EN, 76.71861EW, 16 Aug 1974, A. G. Wheeler, Viburnum sp. (Caprifoliaceae), 1♂ (00246810) (TAMU). Manchester, Dauber’s Nursery, 40.06388EN, 76.72041EW, 146 m, 01 Aug 1974, T. J. Henry and A. G. Wheeler, Jr., Viburnum sp. (Caprifoliaceae), 1♀ (00071455) (USNM); 16 Aug 1974, T. J. Henry and A. G. Wheeler, Jr, Viburnum sp. (Caprifoliaceae), 1♀ (00071456), 2♂♂ (00071457, 00071458) (USNM). South Carolina: Pickens Co.: Clemson University, 34.68333EN, 82.8375EW, 14 Jul 1988, T. J. Henry and A. G Wheeler, Jr., 1♀ (00286012), Alnus serrulata (Betulaceae), 1♂ (00285998) (USNM). Tennessee: Hamilton Co.: Hamilton, 35.04305EN, 85.36611EW, 231 m, 22 Sep 1943, Turner, light trap, 1♂ (00071451) (USNM). Lawrence Co.: Lawrence County, 35.22861EN, 87.40472EW, 889 m, 12 Jul 1940, collector unknown, Prunus sp. (Rosaceae), 1♂ (00071452) (USNM). Texas: Brazos Co.: College Station, 30.62778EN, 96.33417EW, 04 Jul 1932, H. J. Reinhard, 1♀ (00246808) (TAMU). Comal Co.: New Braunfels, 29.7028EN, 98.1242EW, 194 m, 22 Jun 1917, H. H. Knight, 1♂ (00246812) (TAMU). Lee Co.: Rt. 21, West Yegua Creek, at Lincoln, 30.28333EN, 96.95EW, 10 May 2002, T. J. Henry and P. S. F. Ferreira, Ulmus sp. (Ulmaceae), 3♂♂ (00071460-00071462) (USNM). Llano Co.: Ink Lake, Rt. 29 & Jct. to Dam Rd., 30.75EN, 98.46666EW, 312 m, 12 Jun 1997, T. J. Henry & J. C. Schaffner, Celtis sp. (Ulmaceae), 3♂♂ (00071463-00071465), 2♀♀ (00071466, 00071467) (USNM). Virginia: Fairfax Co.: Scotts Run to Balts Hill, 38.9375EN, 77.20444EW, 77 m, 12 Aug 1917, W. L. McAtee, 1♂ (00071448) (USNM). Loudoun Co.: Murrays Ford Farm, Leesburg, 39.11556EN, 77.56389EW, 14 Aug 1997, T. J. Henry & V. N. Power, 1♂ (00285997) Vitis sp. (Vitaceae), 1♀ (00285990) (USNM).

This species (Fig. 32) is best recognized by the dark brown head and pronotum, paler brown hemelytra with numerous, evenly spaced, brown-stained punctures; the pale antennae, with only segment IV tinged with red; pale yellow legs, with the hind femur reddish brown on the distal two thirds; and the male genitalia, especially the right paramere (Figs 169, 170), with two long, curving arms, the shorter one distally bifid, and the phallotheca (Fig. 168) with a beak-like apex.

Male (n = 1): Length 3.65 mm, width 1.47 mm. Head: 0.70 mm, interocular width 0.21 mm. Labium: Length 1.04 mm. Antenna: Segment I, length 0.24 mm; II, 0.67 mm; III, 0.45 mm; IV, 0.38 mm. Pronotum: Length 0.53 mm, basal width 0.99 mm.

Coloration: General color brown to dark brown. Head: Dark brown, eyes reddish. Antenna: Segments I–III yellowish brown, segment IV red. Pronotum: Dark brown, becoming paler brown on posterior third; scutellum dark brown, apex pale yellowish brown. Hemelytron: Overall brown to yellowish brown, slightly darker on basal half of clavus, tinged with red along subcostal vein; membrane smoky brown, paler along base. Ventral surface: Thoracic segment dark brown, abdomen brown. Ostiolar evaporative area: Pale or whitish, central knob brown. Legs: Overall yellowish brown, hind femur dark reddish brown on distal half to two thirds.

Structure, texture, and vestiture: Head: Finely granulate on vertex, transversely rugose on frons, with a few recumbent and semierect, pale simple setae. Labium: Extending to bases of hind coxae nearly to base of abdomen. Pronotum: Semishiny (not polished) with evenly distributed brown-stained punctures, except for finely granulate area anteriorly around calli; with numerous small, white, scale-like setae, intermixed with longer, semierect, pale brown, simple setae; scutellum evenly punctate, with numerous small, white, scale-like setae, intermixed with long, erect, pale, simple setae. Hemelytron: Evenly distributed with fine brown-stained punctures, with numerous scattered short, recumbent and long erect and semierect simple setae, intermixed with small, white, scale-like setae.

Male genitalia: Left paramere (Fig. 167) apically beak-like, with a trifid middle process on dorsal margin, one process prostrate and two recurved forming a C-shape. Right paramere (Figs 169–170) with two lateral arms in caudal view, the upper one shortest, bifid, and the lower one longer and flared apically; each arm crenulate distally along margins. Phallotheca (Fig. 168) uniformly broad, with stout beak-like apex bent down and finely serrate around margins.

Holotype female: Length 2.80 mm, width 1.20 mm. Head: Width 0.62 mm, interocular width 0.28 mm. Labium: Missing. Antenna: Segment I, length 0.24 mm; II, 0.72 mm; III and IV missing. Pronotum: Length 0.50 mm, basal width 0.96 mm.

Unknown.

Described and previously known only from the female holotype from Jamaica.

The holotype female deposited at the California Academy of Sciences was examined and have matched to a male (CNC) that compares closely with it. This is important because of the great amount of speciation that has occurred in Jamaica. Most of the Jamaican species treated in this paper can be distinguished with certainty only by the male genitalia. Fortunately, Ceratocapsidea consimilis is one of the more distinct species externally, with a paler brown dorsum having dark-stained punctures and two types of pubescence on the both the pronotum and hemelytra. Carvalho (1990) illustrated the feHolotype male and commented that this species has the appearance of a small Ceratocapus modestus Uhler [known from eastern United States], which is misleading and inaccurate. The dorsum of the eastern North American Ceratocapsus modestus is impunctate and nearly glabrous, whereas Ceratocapsidea consimilis is strongly and evenly punctate, with two types of pubscence on pronotum and hemelytra, and the male genitalia differ substantially (see Knight 1941 or Henry 1979 for Figures of C. modestus genitalia).

The Nicaraguan record of C. consimilis reported by Cherot et al. (2007) undoubtedly is a misidentification of another ceratocapsine. Because their specimen is a female, it will be difficult to determine the species with certainty.

Holotype ♀: JAMAICA: Mande[vil]le, Apr. [19]06, Van Duzee collector [“Spec. typ.”; “Holotype”; “E. P. Van Duzee Collection”] (CAS).

JAMAICA: 1♂, St. James, Adelphi, 15 Aug. 1966, H. Howden (CNC).

This species (Fig. 33) is distinguished by the overall dark brown dorsum with only the clavus and basal half of the corium paler yellowish brown, the yellowishbrown antennal segments I and II, and male genitalia, particularly the right paramere (Figs 173, 174) with three lateral arms visible from the caudal aspect, two of which are short and marginally serrate and one long, with the apex slender, apically acute, and bent 90E.

Lectotype male: Length 3.32 mm, width 1.18 mm. Head: Width 0.80 mm, interocular width 0.24 mm. Labium: Embedded in glue. Antenna: Segment I, length 0.27 mm; II, 0.80 mm; III, 0.45 mm; IV, 0.43 mm. Pronotum: Length 0.69 mm, basal width 1.14 mm.

Coloration: Overall coloration dark brown, with paler areas on hemelytra. Head: Dark brown. Antenna: Pale yellowish brown, segment III and IV reddish. Pronotum: Dark brown. Scutellum: Dark brown basally, pale yellowish brown on apical third. Hemelyron: Clavus and basal half of corium pale yellowish brown, cuneus and apical half of corium dark brown, cuneus weakly red tinged; membrane smoky brown on distal half, paler basally. Ventral surface: Thoracic area brown to dark brown, abdomen dark brown. Ostiolar evaporative area: Pale or white. Legs: Overall yellowish brown to brown, hind femur and tibia dark brown.

Structure, texture, and vestiture: Head: Granulate. Pronotum: Shiny, evenly and finely punctate, except finely granulate around calli. Labium: Extending to about hind coxae. Scutellum: Finely punctate. Hemelytra: Shiny, finely and evenly punctate. Head and pronotum with short, recument, simple setae. Scutellum and hemelytra with numerous, short, recumbent, simple setae and slender, white scale-like setae, intermixed with long, erect, simple setae.

Male genitalia: Left paramere (Fig. 171): Slender, with beak-like apex somewhat blunt at tip, and middle processes prostrate against paramere body, forming a shallow C-shaped structure. Right paramere (Figs 173, 174) with three arms visible from caudal aspect, the two shorts arms marginally crenulate, the longer arm bent at a right angle distally. Phallotheca (Fig. 172): Relatively stout, with a peg-like apex.

Female (paralectotype): Length to apex of membrane 2.80 mm, length to base of cuneus 2.00 mm, width 1.08 mm. Head: Width 0.69 mm, interocular width 0.77 mm. Labium: Embedded in glue. Antenna: Segment I, length 0.27 mm; II, 0.75 mm; III, 0.37; IV, missing. Pronotum: Length 0. 62 mm, basal width 1.01 mm.

Unknown.

Described and known only from Cuba.

Hernández and Henry (1999) indicated that they had “searched the Helsinki collection for specimens of C. punctulatus without success, even though the type of Trichia punctulatus is present there (pers. comm., the late Antti Jansson)”. As a consequence, they designated a neotype from “Pinares de Viñales, Cuba”, which is deposited in the Instituto de Ecología y Sistemática, Ciudad Habana, Cuba (IES).

Since their work (Hernández and Henry 1999), I have visited the Helsinki and Stockholm (2006) museums. I was surprised to find that Stockholm has many of Reuter’s syntypes sent by Reuter to Stål (Bert Viklund, pers. comm.). Although Helsinki does not have original material of C. punctulatus, a male and female syntype were found in Stockholm that clearly are part of the original series Reuter had before him when describing this species (Reuter did not indicate a number of specimens). These specimens, which agree with Hernández and Henry’s (1999) interpretation of the species, now should become the name-bearing types, according to Article 75.8 of the ICZN (2000), which states that “if, after the designation of a neotype, the name-bearing types of the nominal species-group taxon that were presumed lost are found still to exist, on publication of that discovery the rediscovered material again becomes the name-bearing type and the neotype is set aside”. Hernández and Henry (2010) followed their 1999 paper, deferring correction of the neotype/lectotype designation to the present work.

The following male is designated as the lectotype of C. punctulatus: Lectotype ♂: label 1, “Cuba”; 2, “Stål”; 3, red label “Typus”; 4, (white, folded, handwritten label) “Ceratocapsus punctulatus Reut. typ.”; 5 (printed red label here added) “Lectotype ♂ Ceratocapsus punctulatus Reuter, desig. by T. J. Henry (SMNH).” The second specimen, a ♀, with the same label data as for the lectotype, is labeled as a paralectotype (SMNH).

This species (Figs 34, 35) is distinguished by the overall brown coloration, with the dark brown pronotum having a pale brown median line (pale line sometimes flaring wider on the anterior region around calli and area near posterior margin); the numerous, relatively long, simple setae on the dorsum, antennae, and legs; and the unique male genitalia, especially the left paramere (Fig. 175) with a beak-like apex and two large, stout processes at middle, the strongly pubescent right paramere (Fig. 177) with two lateral arms, and the phallotheca (Fig. 176) with a broad, serrate and apically quadrate apex.

Male (n = 3; holotype measurements in parentheses): Length 3.49–3.65 mm (3.65 mm), width 1.72–1.86 mm (1.86 mm). Head: Width 1.00–1.08 mm (1.08 mm), interocular width 0.30 mm (0.30 mm). Labium: 1.46–1.52 mm (1.50 mm). Antenna: Segment I, length 0.34–0.36 mm (0.36 mm); II, 1.04–1.10 mm (1.04 mm); III, 0.60–0.64 mm (0.60 mm); IV 0.50 mm (0.50 mm). Pronotum: Length 0.84–0.88 mm (0.88 mm), basal width 1.50–1.62 mm (1.62 mm).

Coloration: Overall brown with darker areas. Head: Brown to yellowish brown, with a few scattered brown-stained punctures; eyes dark brown. Antenna: Segments I and II yellowish brown, segment I with a short red streak at base on inner surface; segments III and IV becoming slightly dark brown. Pronotum: Dark brown, with median line pale yellowish brown, sometimes with posterior flared area around calli yellowish brown. Scutellum: Brown with a few scattered brown-stained punctures. Hemelytron: Brown, with costal area and outer margin of cuneus paler yellowish brown; evenly scattered with dark brown punctures; membrane uniformly smoky brown, veins darker brown. Ventral surface: Thorax and abdomen dark brown, becoming slightly paler ventrally. Ostiolar evaporative area: Evenly pale or whitish. Legs: Uniformly brown, hind femur darker brown on apical third, except for extreme apex.

Structure, texture, and vestiture: Head: Surface relatively smooth, with a few scattered, fine punctures. Labium: Extending to bases of middle coxae or slightly beyond. Pronotum: Shiny, evenly scattered with distinct, strong punctures. Scutellum: Equilateral, weakly transversely rugose, finely punctate. Hemelytron: Shiny, with evenly scattered punctures; punctures largely absent along costal area and apical area of cuneus. Ventral surface: Shiny, impunctate. Head, pronotum, and hemelytron with numerous short, decumbent simple setae and small, slender, white scale-like setae, intermixed with long, erect, simple setae. Antenna set with numerous short, recumbent setae, intermixed with long, erect setae.

Male genitalia: Aperture of male genital capsule with a long, slender tubercle at about 2:00 o’clock. Left paramere (Fig. 175) beak-like apically, with a distally truncate apical process and a small subapical spine, and with two stout, heavily setose, median processes, one much longer than other. Right paramere (Fig. 177) with two slender lateral arms, one recurved at apex, and apical half of main trunk with long, extremely dense setae. Phallotheca (Fig. 176) stout, with curved apex quadrate and distally serrate.

Female (n = 5): Length 3.33–3.58 mm, width 1.98–2.00 mm. Head: Width 0.94–0.98 mm, interocular width 0.36–0.40. Labium: Length 1.48–1.50 mm. Antenna: Segment I, length 0.34–0.36 mm; II, 0.94–1.00 mm; III, 0.54–0.56 mm; IV, 0.40–0.44 mm. Pronotum: Length 0.82–0.84 mm, basal width 1.52–1.60 mm.

Similar to male in overall coloration, pubescence, and markings. [pubescence?]

This species is named dominicanensis, after the Dominican Republic where all specimens were collected.

Unknown.

Known only from the Dominican Republic.

Holotype ♂: DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: Santo Domingo: Santo Domingo City, 18.49397EN, 69.9536EW, 43 m, 22 Jul 1917, H. Morrison (00286070) (USNM).

Paratypes. DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: San Cristobal: 5 mi N of Haina, 18.47898EN, 70.02059EW, 27 m, 14 Aug 1967, J. C. Schaffner, 1♂ (00286069) (USNM). San Cristobal, 18.41666EN, 70.1EW, 02 Aug 1967, J. C. Schaffner, 1♀ (00286073) (TAMU); 05 Aug 1967, J. C. Schaffner, 2♀♀ (00286071, 00286072), 1♂ (00286075) (USNM). 18.4789EN, 70.16182EW, 26 Jul 1917, H. Morrison, 1♀ (00286067) (USNM); 19 Nov 1967, collector unknown, 1♀ (00286074) (TAMU). San Pedro de Macoris: seashore, 18.42679EN, 69.40358EW, 6 m, Jun 1971, J. Maldonado C., 1♀ (00286068) (USNM).

C. fusiformis (Figs 36, 37) can be distinguished by the striate frons, the brown pronotum often having the base and calli darker brown, the dark or reddish hind femur, silvery scale-like and bristle-like setae on the hemelytron, and the male genitalia, especially the apically bifid phallotheca (Fig. 179) and distally bifid arm on the right paramere (Figs 18, 181).

Male (n = 10; holotype measurements of C. clavicornis, C. divaricatus, and C. fusiformis in this sequence in parentheses): Length 2.94–3.39 mm (3.30 mm, 3.42 mm, 3.68 mm), width 1.14–1.38 mm (1.30 mm, 1.26 mm, 1.44 mm). Head: Width 0.69–0.82 mm (0.78 mm), interocular width 0.26–0.27 mm (0.32 mm, 0.26 mm, 0.30 mm). Labium: Length 1.06–1.15 mm (1.17 mm, 1.12 mm, ca 1.36 mm [apex in glue]). Antenna: Segment I, length 0.21–0.26 mm (0.24 mm, 0.26 mm, 0.28 mm); II, 0.64–0.75 mm (0.72 mm, 0.72 mm, 0.88 mm); III, 0.32–0.43 mm (0.38 mm, 0.42 mm, 0.44 mm); IV, 0.32–0.40 mm (0.40 mm, missing, 0.40 mm). Pronotum: Length 0.59–0.70 mm (0.70 mm, 0.67 mm, 0.76 mm), basal width 1.07–1.22 mm (1.22 mm, 1.20 mm, 1.28 mm).

Coloration: Overall coloration brown with dark brown areas. Head: Dark brown, eyes dark brown tinged with red. Antenna: Segment I pale yellow, with a red dash on inner basal surface; segment III pale yellow, apex reddish brown; segments III and IV red to reddish brown. Pronotum: Brown, often with posterior margin and calli dark brown to fuscous. Scutellum: Brown, median line usually dark brown. Hemelytron: Yellowish brown, apical two thirds of corium and apical third of clavus darker brown; cuneus and often apical third of embolium (costal margin) red to dark reddish brown; membrane dark translucent brown, except around base bordering cuneus. Ventral surface: Brownish red, becoming darker brown to fuscous on abdomen. Ostiolar evaporative area: Uniformly pale or white. Legs: Forelegs uniformly pale yellow; middle legs pale yellow, apical third of femur and basal fourth of tibia brown; hind femur with only distal half dark brown to almost entirely dark brown to reddish brown, except for base and apex; hind tibia brown to reddish brown, sometime pale on distal half; all tarsi and claws pale yellow.

Structure, texture, and vestiture: Head: Finely granulate and transversely with relatively short, semierect, simple setae. Labium: Extending to bases of hind coxae. Pronotum: Shiny, with fine brown-stained punctures, calli finely granulate, with short, semierect, simple setae, intermixed with a few long, semierect, simple setae and more thickly scattered white or silvery, scale-like setae. Scutellum: Finely punctate and weakly transversely rugose. Hemelytron: Shiny, with evenly scattered fine, brown-stained punctures; thickly clothed with silvery, scale-like setae, intermixed with long, erect, almost bristle-like brown setae.

Male genitalia: Left paramere (Fig. 178) almost S-shaped, apex beak-like, middle process relatively long and rectangular, with a slender spine at base. Right paramere (Figs 180, 181) with one broad, stout, apically bifid arm, with the apex of the dorsal process Y-shaped and the lower process hooked. Phallotheca (Fig. 179)] slender, with, apex bifid, appearing beak-like with upper side of beak about 2 x the length of lower side.

Female (n = 10): Length 2.78–3.17 mm, width 1.22–1.34 mm. Head: 0.67–0.74 mm, interocular width 0.30–0.34 mm. Labium: Length 1.06–1.12 mm. Antenna: Segment I, length 0.21–0.24 mm; II, 0.67–0.75 mm; III, 0.35–0.42 mm; IV, 0.32–0.40 mm. Pronotum: Length 054–062 mm; basal width 1.01–1.17 mm. Color and vestiture similar to that of male.

Knight (1968) reported taking specimens of C. fusiformis on Purshia tridentata Pursh (DC) [Rosaceae], but most other records for this species are from species of Quercus [Fagaceae]. In the eastern United States, it is most frequently taken on Quercus stellata Wangenh. In the West, it has been taken on Quercus arizonica Sarg., Q. emoryi Torr., Q. gambeli Nutt., Quercus oblongifolia Torr., and Q. turbinella Greene. It also has been taken on Platanus wrightii S. Watson [Platanaceae], Purshia glandulosa Curran, Purshia stansburiana (Torr.) Henrickson [Rosaceae], Symphoricarpos oreophilus A. Gray [Caprifoliaceae], and Vauquelinia californica [Rosaceae].

This species was described from California and Colorado (Van Duzee 1917a) and later reported from Nevada (Knight 1968). It is also recorded from Arizona as Ceratocapsus clavicornis (Knight, 1925) and Florida and Kentucky as Ceratocapsus divaricatus (Knight 1927, Henry et al. 2005). Downes (1935) referred his earlier record of C. fusiformis from British Columbia (Downes 1924) to Ceratocapsus downesi Knight. New state records are Arkansas, Georgia, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Utah.

Comparison of the male genitalia and external morphology of a paratype from Colorado and the holotypes of C. divaricatus Knight and C. clavicornis Knight indicates that these two species are clearly conspecific with C. fusiformis. The shape of the lower arm of the right paramere varies slightly over the entire range, but otherwise these bugs are indistinguishable.

Ceratocapsidea fusiformis has the widest distribution of any North American ceratocapsine. Most species are restricted to particular regions, such as eastern U.S., western U.S., or southwestern U.S., whereas C. fusiformis ranges from Oregon and Utah, south to California and Arizona through Colorado and Nevada, and east to Florida and North Carolina.

Holotype ♂ (Ceratocapsus clavicornis Knigtht): [USA] Arizona: Grand Canyon, Grand V., 3 Aug. 1917, H. H. Knight (0016210) (USNM); Holotype ♂ (Ceratocapsus divaricatus Knight), Florida [Seminole Co.], Sanford, 15 May 1926, E. D. Ball (00162211) (USNM). Paratypes: USA: Arizona: Coconino Co.: Grand Canyon [National Park], Grand V[iew], 35.99877EN, 111.98952EW, 2248 m, 03 Aug 1917, H. H. Knight, 10♂♂ (00286200-00286209), 13♀ (00286222) (USNM). Pima Co.: Tucson, 32.22167EN, 110.92582EW, 1372 m, 12 May 1929, E. D. Ball, 2♀♀ (00286223, 00286224), 1♂ (00286225) (USNM). Colorado: El Paso Co.: Colorado Springs, 08 Jul 1902, E. P. Van Duzee, 1♀ (00286238), 1♂ (00286239) (USNM).

USA: Arizona: Cochise Co.: 4 mi W of Portal, 31.91361EN, 109.20895EW, 1700 m, 10 Jun 1980, R.T. Schuh, K & R. Schmidt and B. Massie, 2♂♂ (00138492, 00138493) (AMNH). Ash Canyon Road, 0.5 mi W of Hwy 92, 31.38194EN, 110.22444EW, 1554 m, 26 Jun 1990–29 Jun 1990, N. McFarland, light trap, 1♂ (00286046) (USNM). Ash Canyon Road, nr. Rt. 92, S. Sierra Vista, 31.55454EN, 110.30369EW, 1646 m, 04 Jun 1997, T. J. Henry and A. G Wheeler, Jr., Quercus oblongifolia Torr. (Fagaceae), 2♀♀ (00286104, 00286105) (USNM). Cave Creek Canyon, Chiricahua Mountains, Sunny Flat Campground, 31.88333EN, 109.16666EW, 1554 m, 31 May 1982, B. Barientos, 2♀♀ (00138464, 00138465) (AMNH). Hereford, Miller Canyon Rd. at Rt. 92, 31.42929EN, 110.2369EW, 1463 m, 02 Jun 1997, T. J. Henry and A. G. Wheeler, Jr, Platanus wrightii (Platanaceae), 2♂♂ (00286143, 00286144) (USNM). Huachuca Mountains, 31.502EN, 110.3994EW, 1839 m, 08 Jul 1905, Unknown, 1♀ (00286141) (USNM); 10 Jul 1905, Unknown, 1♂ (00286140) (USNM); 31 Jul 1905, collector unknown, 1♂ (00286142) (USNM); 03 Aug 1905, collector unknown, 1♀ (00286246), 1♂ (00286247) (USNM). Huachuca Mountains, 5354 Ash Canyon Road, 0.5 mi W of Hwy 92, 31.38194EN, 110.22444EW, 1554 m, 29 Jun 1992, N. McFarland, light trap, 1♂ (00286042) (USNM); 20 Jul 1992, N. McFarland, light trap, 1♂ (00286043) (USNM); 27 Aug 1992, N. McFarland, 1♂ (00286109) (USNM); 19 Sep 1992, N. McFarland, 1♂ (00286145) (USNM); 13 Oct 1992, N. McFarland, 1♂ (00286148) (USNM); 29 May 1993–24 Sep 1993, N. McFarland, light trap, 23♂♂ (00286017- 00286039), 2♀♀ (00286040, 00286041) (USNM); 11 Jun 1993, N. McFarland, 1♂ (00286146) (USNM); 15 Jun 1993, N. McFarland, 1♂ (00286147) (USNM); 24 Sep 1993, N. McFarland, light trap, 1♂ (00286044) (USNM). Huachuca Mountains, Ash Canyon, 31.55454EN, 110.30369EW, 1646 m, 02 Jun 1997, T. J. Henry and A. G. Wheeler, Jr., 1♂ (00286112), 1♂ (00286113) (USNM). Huachuca Mountains, Ash Canyon Rd., 31.3822EN, 110.23143EW, 1554 m, 02 Jun 1997, T. J. Henry & A. G. Wheeler, Jr., 1♂ (00286120), 2♂♂ (00286121, 00286164) (USNM); 03 Jun 1997, T. J. Henry and A. G. Wheeler, Jr., 1♀ (00286106), 7♂♂ (00286114- 00286119, 00286163) (USNM). Huachuca Mountains, Ash Canyon Road, Jct. 92, 31.38938EN, 110.23033EW, 1539 m, 05 Jun 1997, T. J. Henry and A. G Wheeler, Jr., Quercus oblongifolia Torr. (Fagaceae), 2♂♂ (00286110, 00286111) (USNM). Huachuca Mountains, Carr Canyon, 2.5 mi. NW of Hwy. 92, Snapp residence, 31.44091EN, 110.28593EW, 1669 m, 13 Jun 1993, N. McFarland, 2♂♂ (00286107, 00286108) (USNM). Pinery Canyon, Chiricahua Mountains, 31.93514EN, 109.27482EW, 2073 m, 17 Jun 1932, D. K. Duncan, 2♂♂ (00286122, 00286123), 1♀ (00286134) (USNM). Texas Pass, 32.06048EN, 110.0791EW, 1524 m, 20 Jul 1917, H. H. Knight, 1♂ (00286231) (USNM). West Turkey Creek (Chiricahua Mts), 31.9986EN, 109.8177EW, 16 Jul 1976, Scott McCleve, 1♀ (00138522) (AMNH). Coconino Co.: 3.5 mi S of Sedona on Rt 179, T17N R6E S30, 34.8255EN, 111.769EW, 1280 m, 15 Jun 1983, R.T. Schuh and M.D. Schwartz, Quercus turbinella Greene (Fagaceae), 8♂♂ (00138513, 0138514, 00138512, 00138511, 00138510, 00138509, 00138508, 00138507), 22♀♀ (00138562) Quercus sp. (Fagaceae), 2♀♀ (00138536, 00138537) Cowania stansburiana (Rosaceae), 1♂ (00138505) (AMNH). Bright Angel [Trail, Grand Canyon National Park], 36.05748EN, 112.14416EW, 2073 m, 10 Jul 1922, Barber and Schwarz, 1♀ (00286124), 1♂ (00286125) (USNM). Grand Canyon, 36.05444EN, 112.13861EW, 2134 m, 11 Jul 1892, collector unknown, 1♂ (00286136) (USNM). Hermit Rim Road, Grand Canyon National Park, 36.06034EN, 112.21308EW, 2012 m, 01 Aug 1914, J. Ch. Bradley, 1♀ (00286236) (USNM). Long Valley, 34.52123EN, 111.3309EW, 2134 m, 05 Aug 1929, E. D. Ball, 1♀ (00286235) (USNM). Williams, 35.24944EN, 112.19028EW, H. S. Barber, 7♂♂ (00286127- 00286133) (USNM). Gila Co.: 6 mi S of jct of Rts 87 and 188 (Rt 87 at Forest Service Road 171), 33.9438EN, 111.44946EW, 1006 m, 29 May 1983, R. T. Schuh and G. M. Stonedahl, Quercus arizonica Sarg. (Fagaceae), 1♂ (00138491) (AMNH). Old CCC Campground S of Globe on Pioneer Pass Rd, 33.39417EN, 110.78583EW, 1433 m, 30 May 1983–31 May 1983, R.T. Schuh, G.M. Stonedahl and B.M. Massie, Quercus emoryi (Fagaceae), 1♀ (00138563) Quercus emoryi (Fagaceae), 3♂♂ (00138494-00138496) (AMNH). Pinal Mountains, 33.1656EN, 110.4916EW, 2389 m, 18 Jul 1935, E. D. Ball, 1♀ (00286138) (USNM). Graham Co.: east end of Aravaipa Canyon, 32.87146EN, 110.37087EW, 1010 m, 09 Jun 1975–10 Jun 1975, McCleve & Topham, 2♂♂ (00138461, 00138462), 1♀ (00138463) (AMNH). Greenlee Co.: Blackjack Campground, 33.1EN, 109.06666EW, 20 Jul 2001, J. C. Schaffner, 1♀ (00167401) (AMNH). Pima Co.: 4 mi N of Coronado Natl. Forest boundary on Mount Lemmon Rd, 32.36EN, 110.7EW, 1219 m, 11 Jun 1983, Schuh, Schwartz, and Stonedahl, Vauquelinia californica (Rosaceae), 1♂ (00138517), 1♀ (00138535) (AMNH). 7.5 mi S of Coronado Natl. Forest boundary on Mount Lemmon Rd, 32.31EN, 110.72EW, 1433 m, 11 Jun 1983, Schuh, Schwartz, and Stonedahl, Quercus oblongifolia Torr. (Fagaceae), 4♂♂ (00138516, 00138518-00138520), 6♀♀ (00138538, 00138539, 00138568-00138571), 1♀ (00138540) (AMNH). NE Tucson, Catalina Hwy, Molina Canyon Outlook, 32.32696EN, 110.70395EW, 1219 m, 01 Jun 1997, T. J. Henry and A. G Wheeler, Jr., Quercus oblongifolia Torr. (Fagaceae), 10♂♂ (00286076-00286085), 15♀♀ (00286086-00286099, 00286165), light trap, 1♂ (00286047) (USNM). Pinal Co.: Oracle, 32.61083EN, 110.77028EW, 1372 m, 05 Jul 1922, E. A. Schwarz, 1♂ (00286149) (USNM); 13 Sep 1925, A. A. Nichol, 1♀ (00286248) (USNM). Santa Cruz Co.: Santa Rita Mountains, 31.69381EN, 110.93509EW, 1372 m, 09 Sep 1929, A. A. Nichol, 1♂ (00286232) (USNM). Yavapai Co.: 5 mi N of Wilhoit N of Kirkland, 34.49811EN, 112.58611EW, 1400 m, 19 Jun 1980, R. T. Schuh, Quercus turbinella Greene (Fagaceae), 4♂♂ (00138476-00138479), 4♀♀ (00138564-00138567) Quercus turbinella Greene (Fagaceae), 1 nymph (00138533) (AMNH). Glen Oaks, 34.44306EN, 112.54778EW, 19 Jul 1929, E. D. Ball, 1♂ (00286233) (USNM). Yarnell Heights, 34.22156EN, 112.75514EW, 1462 m, 21 Jul 1929, E. D. Ball, 1♀ (00286234) (USNM); 12 Jun 1937, E. D. Ball, 1♂ (00286139) (USNM). Arkansas: Drew Co.: Monticello University, 33.58876EN, 91.81259EW, 09 Jun 1987, T. J. Henry and A. G Wheeler, Jr., Quercus stellata (Fagaceae), 3♀♀ (00286171, 00286176, 00286177), 4♂♂ (00286172, 00286173, 00286175, 00286174) (USNM). Pope Co.: Lake Dardanelle State Park, Rt. 64, 13 Jun 1987, T. J. Henry and A. G Wheeler, Jr., Quercus stellata (Fagaceae), 2♂♂ (00286178, 00286179), 1 (?sex) (00286180) (USNM). Washington Co.: Fayetteville, University of Arkansas campus, 36.06258EN, 94.15743EW, 15 Jun 1987, T. J. Henry and A. G. Wheeler, Jr, 1♂ (00286167) Quercus stellata (Fagaceae), 3♂♂ (00286168-00286170) (USNM). California: Sacramento Co.: Folsom, 38.67806EN, 121.175EW, 07 Aug 1885, collector unknown, 1♀ (00286150) (USNM). Shasta Co.: Cayton, 41.06194EN, 121.63278EW, 15 Jul 1918, E. P. Van Duzee, 1♂ (00286249) (USNM). Colorado: Montezuma Co.: Mesa Verde National Park, 37.23333EN, 108.47917EW, 2134 m, 14 Aug 1925, H. H. Knight, 1♂ (00286135) (USNM). Florida: Marion Co.: Dunnellon, 29.04914EN, 82.46093EW, 12 Jun 1939, Oman, 1♂ (00286196) (USNM). Volusia Co.: Rt. 415, 2 miles N. Osteen, 28.87888EN, 81.1525EW, 27 Apr 1984, T. J. Henry, J. T. Polhemus and A. G. Wheeler Jr., Quercus virginiana (Fagaceae), 1♂ (00286166) (USNM). Kentucky: Calloway Co.: Murray, Calloway County Park, 36.60933EN, 88.30716EW, 19 Jun 2001, T. J. Henry and A. G. Wheeler, Jr, Quercus stellata (Fagaceae), 3♂♂ (00286153), 2♀♀ (00286154, 00286155) (USNM). Nevada: Nye Co.: 5 mi E of Gabbs off Rt 844, 38.86889EN, 117.82827EW, 1768 m, 01 Jul 1983, R.T. Schuh and M.D. Schwartz, Purshia glandulosa (Rosaceae), 1♂ (00138490) (AMNH). Mercury, 36.66056EN, 115.99361EW, 14 Jun 1965, Beck, H. Knight & J. Merino, Purshia tridentata (Rosaceae), 2♀♀ (00286240, 00286241), 4♂♂ (00286242-00286245) (USNM). Nevada Atomic Test Site, 2 mi. W. of Tippapah Hwy., on Mine Mt. Rd., 1341 m, 07 Jun 1983, Schuh, Schwartz & Stonedahl, Symphoricarpos oreophilus Gray var. utahensis (Caprifoliaceae), 1♂ (00138521) (AMNH). North Carolina: Columbus Co.: Lake Waccamaw, 34.32194EN, 78.52194EW, 18 m, 06 Jul 1985, W. Steiner & A. Gerberich, 1♂ (00286198) (USNM). Harnett Co.: Cape Fear, 35.425EN, 78.815EW, 02 Sep 1934, H. S. Barber, 1♂ (00286197) (USNM). Mecklenburg Co.: Rt. 51, 1mi W of Rt 16, nr Matthews, 04 Jul 1975, A. G. Wheeler, Jr., Quercus stellata (Fagaceae), 6♂♂ (00286181-00286186), 1♀ (00286187) (USNM); 02 Jul 1976, A. G. Wheeler, Jr., Quercus stellata (Fagaceae), 2♂♂ (00286188, 00286189), 2♀♀ (00286190, 00286191) (USNM). Oklahoma: Choctaw Co.: Hugo Lake, Wilson Point, N. of Sawyer, 16 Jun 1999, T. J. Henry and A. G. Wheeler, Jr, Quercus stellata (Fagaceae), 1♂ (00286160) (USNM). Hugo Lake, Wilson Pt., Rt. 147, 34.04EN, 95.37638EW, 95 m, 16 Jun 1999, T. J. Henry and A. G Wheeler, Jr., 4♀♀ (00286156-00286159) (USNM). Oregon: Jackson Co.: Colestin, 42.05323EN, 122.6515EW, 1143 m, 01 Aug 1918, E. P. Van Duzee, 1♂ (00374418) (CNC). South Carolina: Lancaster Co.: Forty Acre Rock, near Taxahaw, 34.66888EN, 80.52694EW, 183 m, 11 Aug 1989, A. G. Wheeler, Jr., Quercus sp. (Fagaceae), 1♂ (00286162) (USNM). Pickens Co.: Clemson University, 34.68333EN, 82.8375EW, 14 Jul 1988, T. J. Henry and A. G Wheeler, Jr., Quercus stellata (Fagaceae), 1♂ (00286161) (USNM). Tennessee: Hamilton Co.: collector unknown, 35.17EN, 85.18EW, 23 Aug 1943, Turner, 2♂♂ (00286194, 00286195) (USNM). unknown locality, edge of peach orchard, 24 Jun 1943, Turner, 2♂♂ (00286192, 00286193) (USNM). Texas: Brazos Co.: College Station, 30.62778EN, 96.33417EW, 06 Oct 1928, S. E. Jones, 1♂ (00286199) (USNM); 09 May 1929, H. G. Johnston, 1♂ (00286230) (USNM); 16 May 1929, H. G. Johnston, 3♂♂ (00286226-00286228) (USNM); 22 May 1930, H. G. Johnston, 1♂ (00286229) (USNM). College Station, Riley Estate, 30.58833EN, 96.25333EW, 18 May 2006–19 May 2006, K. Menard, 3♀♀ (00286101-00286103) Quercus sp. (Fagaceae), 1♂ (00286100) (USNM). Utah: Garfield Co.: 14.3 mi S of Rt 95 on Rt 276, 3.4 mi N of Starr Springs Campground turnoff, 37.87632EN, 110.56773EW, 1524 m, 19 Jun 1983, R. T. Schuh and M. D. Schwartz, Quercus turbinella Greene (Fagaceae), 1♂ (00138515) (AMNH). San Juan Co.: 3 mi W of Clay Hills Crossing Road on Rt 263, T39S R15E, 37.29533EN, 110.45878EW, 1524 m, 18 Jun 1983, R.T. Schuh and M.D. Schwartz, Cowania stansburiana (Rosaceae), 22♂♂ (00138466-00138468, 00138480-00138489, 00138497-00138504, 00138506), 10♀♀ (00138531, 00138572), 1 nymph (00138532) (AMNH). Navajo Mountains (Beaver Creek), 38.35585EN, 109.16314EW, 06 Aug 1936, D.D. Jensen, 1♀ (00286137) (USNM).

This species (Fig. 38) is distinguished by the overall shiny, reddishbrown coloration; translucent hemelyral membrane becoming smoky brown on the apical half; the yellowish antenna, with segments III and IV and the apex of II red; and the unique male genitalia, with the bifurcate left paramere (Fig. 182) and the complex right paramere (Figs 184, 185) with two slender arms, each with a crenulate basal process.

(in part after Hernández and Henry 1999; holotype measurement not given separately): Male (n = 6): Length 2.85–3.45 mm, width 140– ca.1.43 mm [n =2 for width; hemelytra curled in one specimen]. Head: Length 0.48 mm, width across eyes 0.60–0.75 mm, interocular width 0.30 mm. Labium: Length 1.00 mm. Antenna: Segment I length 0.30 mm; II 0.90–1.05 mm; III 0.45–0.54 mm; IV 0.45 mm. Pronotum: Length 0.30–0.31 mm, basal width 1.05–1.08 mm.

Coloration: General coloration brown. Head: Dark brown; eyes reddish black. Labial segments I and II brown; segments III and IV brown to dark brown. Antenna: Uniformly yellowish brown. Pronotum: Dark shiny brown, sometimes paler brown on anterior margin; scutellum dark brown basally, pale yellow on apex. Hemelytron: Brown, with basal half of clavus and corium more yellowish brown, intermixed with fine brown-stained punctures; cuneus dark brown; membrane translucent brown, with cells clear or transparent. Ventral surface: Propleura and abdominal segments dark brown. Ostiolar evaporataive area: Auricle pale. Legs: Uniformly brown to yellowish brown.

Structure, texture, and vestiture: Head: Slightly rugose, with long, erect, brown setae. Labium: Extending between abdominal segments III–IV. Antenna: Pubescence short, semierect, yellow. Pronotum: Shiny, finely punctate; calli weakly defined, dull, finely granulate. Scutellum: Weakly punctate, with scattered pale scale-like setae intermixed with long, erect setae. Hemelytron: Subparallel, only slightly constricted on basal half, with distinct, brown, setigerous punctures, especially on clavus and corium. Dorsal vestiture long and erect, intermixed with recumbent scale-like setae, especially on pronotum, scutellum, and hemelytron.

Male genitalia: Left paramere (Fig. 182) slender, S-shaped, apical beak-like process slender, weakly pointed distally, middle process broad and distally truncate (rectangular), with a slender basal spine on dorsal side. Right paramere (Figs 184, 185) with two long, recurving arms visible from caudal aspect, the dorsal most arm having a stout, apically rounded, crenulate process at base; and with two processes anteriorly, one short and apically rounded and one long and slender. Phallotheca (Fig. 183): Evenly slender, becoming narrowed and infolded distally.

Female: Unknown.

This species was named for its occurrence in Holgüin Province, Cuba (Hernández and Henry 1999).

Unknown. Most or all type material was taken at lights (L. Hernández, pers. comm.).

Described and previously known only from Holgüin Province, Cuba. Cienfuegos is a new province record.

Holotype ♂: CUBA: Holgüin [Prov.]: Mayari, Loma de l Bandera,, 2.vii.1990, L. F. Armas-V. Beck, charrascal, a la luz, 350 m (IES). Paratypes: 1♂, same data as for holotype (USNM); 1♂, same locality and collectors as for holotype, except with 13.vi.1990, 400 m (USNM).

CUBA [Cienfuegos Prov.]: Soledad nr.Cienfuegos, 6–20–VIII, N. Banks,1♂ (AMNH).

This species (Figs 39, 40) is distinguished by the dark brown to fuscous head, pronotum, and scutellum; the paler brown corium and clavus with evenly spaced brown-stained punctures, dark brown femora, the yellowish antenna with segments III and IV tinged with red, and the male genitalia, especially the apically bifid phallotheca (Fig. 187).

Male (n = 2; paralectotype measurements in parentheses): Length 2.91 mm (2.94 mm), width 1.00 mm (1.10 mm). Head: Width 0.66 mm (0.69 mm), interocular width 0.20 mm (0.22 mm). Labium: Length 1.00 mm (1.03 mm). Antenna: Segment I, 0.23 mm (0.23 mm); II, 0.70 mm (0.72 mm); III, 0.36 mm (0.40 mm); IV, 0.34 mm (0.36 mm). Pronotum: Length 0.56 mm (0.56 mm), basal width 0.98 mm (0.98 mm).

Coloration: Overall yellowish brown to darker reddish brown. Head: Yellowish brown to dark brown; eyes black. Labium: Yellowish brown, sometimes tinged with red, segment IV often darker brown. Antenna: Yellowish brown, segment I with a red dash basally on inner surface, segment III and IV red tinged. Pronotum: Uniformly shiny reddish brown to dark brown; scutellum brown to dark brown, paler yellow apically. Scutellum: Fuscous to reddish brown, apex slightly paler. Hemelytron: Brown to yellowish brown, dark brown on costal area (embolium), cuneus and apical half of corium; membrane translucent brown, narrowly pale across basal margin. Ventral surface: Dark brown to dark reddish brown. Ostiolar evaporative area: Pale or white, central knob reddish. Legs: Coxae pale yellowish brown; fore femur pale yellowish brown, middle femur yellowish brown, dark brown on apical third, hind femur dark brown to dark reddish brown; fore and middle tibiae dark brown, yellowish brown on distal one fourth, hind tibia uniformly dark brown.

Structure, texture, and vestiture: Head: Dull, finely granulate, with scattered, short, recumbent simple setae, intermixed with a few longer, more erect setae on vertex. Labium: Extending to bases of hind coxae. Pronotum: Shiny, evenly punctate except for slightly duller granulate calli; evenly set with relatively long, semierect, simple setae. Scutellum: Evenly punctate; weakly rugose across basal half, thickly covered with silvery, scale-like setae, intermixed with several long, erect, simple setae. Hemelytron: Thickly and evenly covered with brown-stained punctures, less so on cuneus; thickly covered with silvery scale-like setae, especially on clavus and basal half of corium, intermixed with long, semierect, almost bristle-like simple setae.

Male genitalia: Left paramere (Fig. 186): Elongate, with a slender neck leading to beak-like apex, middle with two stout, apically acute processes, the longer one parallel with main stem, the basal one shorter and erect. Right paramere (Fig. 188) with one stout, upward-curving arm, having the apex marginally crenulate, and with one short, recurved spine arising from anterior aspect of arm. Phallotheca (Fig. 187) long, slender, with the apex bifid or Y-shaped.

Female (n = 5): Length 2.75–3.01 mm, width 1.02–1.21 mm. Head: Width 0.62–0.65 mm, interocular width 0.28–0.29 mm. Labium: Length 0.98–1.02 mm. Antenna: Segment I, length 0.23 mm; II, 0.72 mm; III, 0.39–0.40 mm; IV 0.36 mm. Pronotum: Length 0.52–0.56 mm, basal width 0.91–0.99 mm. Very similar to male but with a proportionately broader body and wider vertex.

Unknown.

Described and known only from Jamaica (Reuter 1907). Henry and Wheeler’s (1982) report of this species from Florida is a misidentification of C. balli (Knight) (which see).

Carvalho (1990) designated a male lectotype deposited in the California Academy of Sciences from Mandeville, Jamaica; all other specimens from the original type series are considered paralectotypes. Although the lectotype was not examined, the paralectotypes listed below were studied.

Paralectotypes: JAMAICA: Manchester: Mandeville, 18.03378EN, 77.50012EW, Jan 1906 - Apr 1906, Van Duzee, 1♂ (00286261) (USNM); 3♂♂, 1♀, Mandev’le, Ja, Apr. 06, Van Duzee coll. (1♂ CAS; 1♂ USNM; 1♂, 1♀ ZMUH).

JAMAICA: Manchester Parish: Mandeville, 18.03378EN, 77.50012EW, 618 m, 1700, Unknown, 1♂ (00099697) (MZH). St. Catherine Parish: Ferry River, 05 May 1941, Chapin, 3♂♂ (00286257-00286259), 1♀ (00286260) (USNM). Fort Clarence, 07 Dec 1975, O’Brien and Marshall, 3♀♀ (00286253-00286255), 1♂ (00286256) (USNM).

This species (Fig. 41) can be distinguished by the overall dark brown to fuscous body, antennae, and legs; the weakly constricted hemelytra; the relatively long, nearly erect setae on the hemelytra; and the male genitalia, especially the left paramere (Fig. 189) with two, long middle processes and the right paramere (Fig. 191) with the relatively slender body and a single, slender, upturned process near base.

Holotype male: Length 3.39 mm, width 1.31 mm. Head: Width 0.80 mm, length 0.35 mm, interocular width 0.24 mm. Labium: Length 1.25 mm. Antenna: Segment I, length 0.29 mm; II, 0.90 mm; III, 0.48 mm; IV 0.50 mm. Pronotum: Length 0.69 mm, posterior width 1.15 mm.

Coloration: Overall coloration dark brown or fuscous to almost black. Head: black, eyes tinged with red. Labium: Dark brown, segments sometimes red tinged. Antenna uniformly fuscous. Pronotum and scutellum: Fuscous, nearly black. Hemelytron: Dark brown, clavus and cuneus slightly darker brown; membrane translucent smoky brown, becoming paler on basal third. Ventral surface: Thorax and propleura dark brown to fuscous; abdomen dark brown. Ostiolar evaporative area: Dirty white, tinged with some red; central knob red. Legs: Coxae, femora, and tibiae fuscous; tarsi and claws pale brown.

Structure, texture, and vestiture: Head: Semishiny, strongly rugose, intermixed with recumbent, simple setae; eyes strongly faceted, glabrous. Labium: Extending to bases of hind coxae. Pronotum: Shiny, shagreened, and finely punctate; calli finely granulate; with evenly spaced recumbent setae, with a few whitish sericeous setae anterior to and between calli. Scutellum: Transversely rugose, evenly set with relatively slender, white, scale-like setae, intermixed with long, erect, simple setae. Hemelytron: Shiny; clavus finely punctate, corium shagreened on inner half, finely punctate on outer half; evenly set with recumbent simple setae, intermixed with long, erect simple setae and slender, white, scale-like setae on clavus and inner half of corium. Ventral surface and legs shiny; abdominal stridulatory patch distinct.

Male genitalia: Left paramere (Fig. 189) relatively stout, distal beak-like process more bulbous with the apex narrowed and truncate and two, long processes at middle, one slender, apically acute, and lying flat against main body and one stouter and slightly extended outward. Right paramere (Fig. 191) relatively slender, with only a small, slender, upturned process near base. Phallotheca (Fig. 190) relatively stout, tapering to a point distally, lower or right apical third finely serrate or crenulate.

Female: Unknown.

Unknown. Holotype taken at UV light.

Known only from Kenedy County in southeastern Texas.

This new species is named after Edward Riley (TAMU), who has collected many new and interesting taxa over the years, including this one.

Holotype: ♂: USA: Texas: Kenedy Co.: Kenedy Ranch, Jaboncillos Pasture, sand dune area, 26.98944EN, 97.66972EW, 21 Apr 2001, Raber, Riley and Yoder, 1♂ (00286262) (TAMU).

This species (Figs 42, 43) is distinguished by the reddishbrown dorsum with only the costal margin or embolium paler; the evenly distributed brown-stained punctures on the hemelytra; the long, erect setae on the pronotum and hemelytra; the pale antenna with segment III and IV and the apex of II red or tinged with red; and the male genitalia, especially the left paramere (Fig. 192) with the complex middle process with a long, tapering apex and the right paramere (Figs 194, 195) with a broad, curving, apically flared arm and a shorter, crenulate process anteriorly.

Male (n = 3): Length 2.94–3.36 mm, width 1.25–1.40 mm. Head: Width 0.72–0.75 mm, interocular width 0.22–0.23 mm. Labium: Length 0.98–1.01 mm. Antenna: Segment I, length 0.23–0.26 mm; II, 0.73–0.83 mm; III, 0.39–0.42 mm; IV, 0.30–0.35 mm. Pronotum: Length 0.55–0.59 mm, basal width 1.03–1.12 mm.

Coloration: Overall coloration reddish brown. Head: Reddish brown; eyes black, frequently tinged with red. Labium: pale yellowish brown, often tinged with red, apical half of segment IV dark brown. Antenna: Pale yellowish brown, with segment III and IV and apex of II red, segment I with a red mark or dash on inner surface near base. Pronotum: Dark reddish brown, with posterior one fourth to one third noticeably paler to almost uniformly reddish brown with only area around calli slightly infuscated; scutellum reddish brown, pale at apex. Hemelytron: Reddish brown, cuneus red, costal or embolar margin pale or pale yellowish brown, sometimes tinged with red; membrane translucent brown, narrowly clear or transparent along cuneal margin. Ventral surface: Reddish brown, thoracic pleural area and abdomen often becoming more fuscous. Ostiolar evaporative area: Pale or white to pinkish, with central knob deep red. Legs: Pale yellowish brown, frequently tinged with red, or pale with apices of fore and middle femora, basal one fourth to one half of fore and middle tibiae, and all of hind femur (except base) and tibia red.

Structure, texture, and vestiture: Head: Frons and vertex strongly granulate, with scattered recumbent and semierect setae, intermixed, with a few long erect setae, especially on vertex. Labium: Extending to bases of hind coxae. Pronotum: Shiny, with thickly and evenly distributed brown-stained punctures, calli finely granulate, nearly impunctate; set with scattered, long, erect, simple setae, intermixed with silvery, scale-like setae. Scutellum: Evenly punctate, weakly transversely rugose, with several long, erect, simple setae, intermixed with silvery, scale-like setae. Hemelytron: Evenly distributed with dense, brown-stained punctures; with scattered short, recumbent and long, erect, simple setae, densely intermixed with silvery, scale-like setae.

Male genitalia: Left paramere (Fig. 192) with a slender, beak-like apex and a complex middle process having a short basal and dorsal tubercles and a long, slender, tapering apex. Right paramere (Figs 194, 195) relatively stout, with a brown, curving, apically flared arm and short, crenulate tubercle anterior to lateral arm. Phallotheca (Fig. 193) evenly slender on basal half, flaring distally before gradually narrowing into a slender, abruptly curved apical process.

Female (n = 5): Length 2.72–3.10 mm, width 1.22–1.42 mm. Head: Width 0.65–0.70 mm, interocular width 0.30–0.31 mm. Labium: Length 0.99–1.11 mm. Antenna: Segment I, 0.25–0.26 mm; II, 0.73–0.91 mm; III, 0.40–0.48 mm; IV, 0.34–0.42 mm. Pronotum: Length 0.53–0.65 mm, basal width 0.98–1.14 mm.

One specimen examined was collected on Chinese privet, Ligustrum sinense Lour. [Oleaceae], and two others were swept from “ferns”. Both of these plants likely represent incidental occurrences.

Previously known only from Florida (Blatchley 1926). North Carolina is a new state record. I note that two PBI database records, a female from Arizona in the AMNH collection and a male in the TAMU collection, were not examined but almost certainly are based on misidentifications.

Blatchley (1926) unintentionally validated Knight’s manuscript name of C. rufistigmus (Knight 1927a). In studying the unpublished Knight “type series”, his allotype ♀ and one paratype ♀ from Gainesville actually are Ceratocapsidea complicata (Knight), clearly recognized by the quadrate black or brown spots on the pronotum. Because of Blatchley’s (1926) unintentional validation, no type was selected by him. In addition, Knight’s own series was mixed. To ensure nomenclatural stability, Knight’s unpublished holotype male is selected as a neotype for C. rufistigma Blatchley.

Neotype (here selected) for Ceratocapsus rufistigma Blatchley: ♂, label 1) “Gainesville, Fla., 5.5. [19]18” [handwritten date unclear], C. J. Drake”; label 2 (red), “HOLOTYPE by H. H. Knight Ceratocapsus rufistigmus [name handwritten]”; and label 3 (red, here added), “NEOTYPE: ♂ Ceratocapsus rufistigmus Blatchley desig. by T. J. Henry” (00286228) (USNM).

USA: Florida: Alachua Co.: Gainesville, 29.63527EN, 82.37111EW, 24 m, 14 Jul 1918, C. J. Drake, 1♀ (00246624) (TAMU).Gainesville, 29EN, 82EW, 21 Jun 1918, C. J. Drake, 1♀ (00286265) (USNM). Univ. Florida Agricultural Experimental Station, 29.72108EN, 82.41816EW, 53 m, 05 May 1918, C. J. Drake, 1♂ (00286268) (USNM); 31 May 1918, C. J. Drake, 1♀ (00286266) (USNM); 04 Aug 1918, C. J. Drake, 1♀ (00286267) (USNM). Duval Co.: Jacksonville, 30.33194EN, 81.65583EW, 23 Jul 1926, E. D. Ball, 1♂ (00246625) (TAMU). Jacksonville, 30.33194EN, 81.65583EW, 23 Jul 1926, E. D. Ball, 2♀♀ (00286263, 00286264) (USNM). Highlands Co.: Highlands Hammock State Park, 27.47138EN, 81.54138EW, 26 m, 22 Apr 1981–28 Apr 1981, T. J. Henry, fern, 2♀♀ (00286272, 00286273) (USNM). Liberty Co.: Torreya State Park, 30.56889EN, 84.94778EW, 03 May 1976, Joe Schuh, 3♂♂ (00138457-00138459), 1♀ (00138460) (AMNH). Marion Co.: Rt. 40, 12 mi E of Lynne, 29.18191EN, 81.71137EW, 12 m, 24 Apr 1984, T. J. Henry and A. G. Wheeler, Jr., Pinus clausa (Chapm. ex Engelm.) Sarg. (Pinaceae), 1♂ (00286269) (USNM). Miami-Dade Co.: Westgate, 25.83806EN, 80.25139EW, 11 Apr 1962, J. F. Brimley, 1♀ (00374727) (CNC). Pinellas Co.: Dunedin, 28.01972EN, 82.77166EW, 9 m, 21 Nov 1920, W. S. Blatchley, 1♂ (00374725) (CNC). Seminole Co.: Sanford, 28.80055EN, 81.27312EW, 24 Jul 1927, E. D. Ball, 1♂ (00286270), 1♀(00286271) (USNM). Volusia Co.: South Daytona, 29.16556EN, 81.00472EW, 21 Mar 1960, J. F. Brimley, 1♀ (00374726) (CNC). North Carolina: New Hanover Co.: Carolina Beach, 34.035EN, 77.89389EW, 08 Jun 1950, D. M. DeLong, fern, 1♂ (00286274) (USNM).

This species (Fig. 44) is distinguished by the overall dark brown to fuscous coloration, pale brown antennae, distally dark brown hind femora, and male genitalia, especially the apically trifid phallotheca (Fig. 197) with a long, broad, ribbon-like apical process and two shorter, parallel processes below and right paramere (Figs 198, 199) with two upturned arms.

Male (n = 2; holotype measurements in parentheses): Length 3.64 mm (3.46 mm), length 1.32 mm (1.20 mm). Head: Width 0.73 mm (0.74 mm), interocular width 0.23 mm (0.24 mm). Labium: Length 1.31 mm (1.39 mm). Antenna: Segment I, length 0.33 mm (0.31 mm); II, 0.94 mm (0.88 mm); III 0.53 mm (0.51 mm); IV, 0.47 mm (0.44 mm). Pronotum: Lenght 0.73 mm (0.72 mm); basal width 1.25 mm (1.17 mm).

Coloration: Overall coloration dark brown to fuscous or almost black. Head: Fuscous, paler laterally below antennal bases. Labium: Uniformly brown. Antenna: Segments I and II brown; segment III and IV dark brown to fuscous. Pronotum: Uniformly shiny fuscous, collar slightly paler brown; scutellum fuscous, paler brown on apical third. Hemelytron: Uniformly, shiny dark brown, costal or emboliar margin and cuneus darker brown or fuscous; membrane uniformly translucent brown. Ventral surface: Shiny dark brown, becoming darker or fuscous laterally and distally on abdomen. Ostiolar evaporative area: Pale brown, central knob of auricle slightly darker. Leg: Coxae pale or whitish; fore and middle femora pale or white, with distal third tinged with brown, hind femur pale or whitish on basal half, dark brown on distal half; tibia, tarsi, and claws brown.

Structure, texture, and vestiture: Head: Finely granulate, becoming somewhat wrinkled on frons; with scattered, short, recumbent, simple setae on vertex and frons, and several long, erect setae at base of vertex. Labium: Extending beyond hind coxae to abdominal segment I or II. Pronotum: Disk shiny, with evenly distributed punctures; calli finely granulate, becoming finely wrinkled between and anteriorly. Scutellum: Evenly punctate, finely, transversely rugose; thickly set with relatively short, recumbent and semierect simple setae, intermixed with long, reclining, almost bristle-like setae. Hemelytron: Shiny, evenly and densely punctate, densely set with silvery, scale-like setae, intermixed with long, nearly erect, weakly curved, bristle-like setae.

Male genitalia: Left paramere (Fig. 196) slender, with a well-developed, beak-like distal process coming to a point at each end and a stout apically acute middle process, with a short, slender dorsally directed tubercle arising at base. Right paramere (Figs 198, 199) relatively stout, with two upturned, apically crenulate arms. Phallotheca (Fig. 197) evenly slender to trifid apex, ending in a long, apically acute, ribbon-like process and two shorter, more slender, nearly parallel processes just below.

Female: Unknown.

The specific epithet taeniola is taken from the Latin “taenia”, meaning ribbon, and the diminutive suffix “ola”, in reference to the small ribbon-like apex of the phallotheca (Fig. 197).

Unknown.

Known only from Jamaica.

Holotype ♂: JAMAICA: St. Andrew Parish: Holywell Forest Camp, 1219 m, 11 Aug 1971, M. Winegar (00286276) (USNM). Paratype: JAMAICA: St. Andrew Parish: Holywell Forest Camp, 1219 m, Sep 1971 - Oct 1971, M. Winegar, 1♂ (00286275) (USNM).

This species (Figs 45, 46) is distinguished by the small size, oval body form, the uniformly pale yellowishbrown appendages, and the male genitalia, especially the phallotheca (Fig. 201) with a long, slender apex and quadrate, marginally crenulate, subapical process.

Male (n = 7; holotype measurements in parentheses): Length 2.82–3.14 mm (2.88 mm), width 1.25–1.37 mm (1.34 mm). Head: Width 0.64–0.70 mm (0.68 mm), interocular width 0.26–0.29 mm (0.25 mm). Labium: Length 0.94–1.05 mm (0.95 mm). Antenna: Segment I, length 0.23 mm (0.25 mm); II, 0.68–0.78 mm (0.73 mm); III, 0.36–0.43 mm (0.42 mm); IV, 0.30–0.35 mm (0.32 mm). Pronotum: Length 0.55–0.61 mm (0.59 mm), basal width 1.03–1.16 mm (1.13 mm).

Coloration: Overall coloration yellowish brown to pale reddish brown. Head: Yellowish brown to darker brown; eyes dark brown. Labium: Pale yellowish brown, segment IV darker brown. Antenna: Uniformly pale yellowish brown, except for a red dash on inner surface at base of segment I. Pronotum: Reddish brown to dark brown, with evenly spaced dark-stained punctures; scutellum reddish brown to brown, apex paler. Hemelytron: Yellowish or reddish brown to brown, clavus paler than corium; on paler reddish specimens costal margin and middle of cuneus becoming red, on darker specimens middle of cuneus dark brown; membrane translucent brown, except narrowly pale along cuneal border. Ventral surface: Reddish brown to dark brown, ventral area of abdomen sometimes paler brown. Ostiolar evaporative area: Pale or white with central knob red or darker than surrounding area. Legs: Uniformly pale yellowish brown.

Structure, texture, and vestiture: Head: Finely granulate, with scattered, relatively long, pale simple setae, especially on frontal area. Labium: Extending to bases of middle coxae. Pronotum: Shiny, evenly punctate, calli indistinct, finely granulate, with numerous short, recumbent and long erect and semierect, simple setae, intermixed with scattered silvery, scale-like setae. Scutellum: Evenly punctate, with a few long, erect, simple setae, thickly intermixed with silvery scale-like setae. Hemelytron: Evenly punctate on corium and clavus, less so on cuneus, with numerous long, erect, simple setae, intermixed with silvery scale-like setae, especially on clavus and basal half of corium.

Male genitalia: Left paramere (Fig. 200): Slender, with a distinct beak-like process distally, and two short, slender processes at middle, one apically acute, one blunt. Right paramere (Figs 202, 203): Stout, apically tapered, with two lateral arms, the dorsal arm shortest, straight, distally crenulate, the lower arm stoutest, longest, apically hooked with two short lateral spines or processes basally. Phallotheca (Fig. 201): Slender, with a long, slender distal process and a more quadrate, marginally crenulate, subapical process.

Female (n = 3): Length 2.27–2.84 mm, width 1.13–1.46 mm. Head: Width 0.60–0.68 mm, interocular width 0.33–0.34 mm. Labium: Length 0.91–0.99 mm. Antenna: Segment I, length 0.21–0.25 mm; II, 0.60–0.72 mm; III, 0.33–0.40 mm; IV 0.33–36 mm. Pronotum: Length 0.48–0.59 mm, basal width 0.91–1.12 mm.

Unknown.

Known only from four eastern Texas counties (Brazos, Duval, Uvalde, and Victoria).

This species is named after the state of Texas where all of the type material was collected.

Holotype ♂: USA: Texas: Uvalde Co.: Concan, 29.49523EN, 99.71255EW, 116 m, 04 Jun 1933, P. W. Oman (00286277) (USNM). Paratypes: USA: Arizona: Santa Cruz Co.: Patagonia, 31.53944EN, 110.75556EW, 1219 m, 12 Jun 1928, A. A. Nichol, 1♂ (00286287) (USNM). Texas: Brazos Co.: College Station, 30.62778EN, 96.33417EW, 16 May 1929, H. G. Johnston, 1♂ (00286288) (TAMU). Duval Co.: San Diego, 27.76391EN, 98.23889EW, 01 May 1900, collector unknown, 1♂ (00286284), 1♀ (00286285) (CUIC). Uvalde Co.: Concan, 29.49523EN, 99.71255EW, 116 m, 04 Jun 1933, P. W. Oman, 6♂♂ (00286283) (USNM). Victoria Co.: Victoria, 28.805EN, 97.00333EW, Sep 1900, collector unknown, 1♂ (00286286) (USNM).

The species (Fig. 47) is recognized by the oval body form, brown to reddishbrown coloration, long setae on antennal segment II, the distinct transverse brown band on the pronotum, and the male genitalia, especially the left paramere (Fig. 204) with a “wing-like” middle process, the single stout lateral arm on the right paramere (Figs 206, 207), and the relatively stout phallotheca (Fig. 205) with a slender recurved apex.

Male (n = 4; holotype measurements in parentheses): Length 3.04–3.36 mm (3.23 mm), width 1.38–1.39 mm (1.34 mm). Head: Width 0.70–0.73 mm (0.78 mm), interocular width 0.23–0.25 mm (0.25 mm). Labium: Length 1.01–1.05 mm (1.00 mm). Antenna: Segment I, length 0.25–0.26 mm (0.26 mm); II, 0.78–0.81 mm (0.75 mm); III, 0.39 mm (0.39 mm); IV, 0.30–0.31 mm (0.35 mm) [see discussion below on an aberrant right antenna in this species]. Pronotum: Length 0.62 mm (0.61 mm), basal width 1.14–1.18 mm (1.17 mm).

Coloration: Overall coloration brown, often tinged with red. Head: Uniformly yellowish brown; eyes dark brown to fuscous, tinged with red around margins. Labium: Yellowish brown, segment I and II tinged with red, segment IV darker brown. Antenna: Pale yellowish brown, with a narrow red band encircling dorsal half near base and distal half tinged with red; segment II yellowish brown, apex weakly red tinged; segments III and IV slightly darker brown or reddish. Pronotum: Brown to yellowish brown, more brown anteriorly, paler brown on posterior third, with a broad dark brown to fuscous band across middle and narrowly fuscous across anterior margin. Scutellum: Dark brown, with apex yellowish brown. Hemelytron: Brown to dark brown, corium and apical half of cuneus tinged with red; costal margin or embolium pale yellowish brown. Ventral surface: Shiny reddish brown; stridulatory area appearing paler or whitish. Ostiolar evaporative area: Pale or whitish, with central knob red. Legs: Coxae pale; fore and middle femora pale yellowish brown, hind femur yellowish brown with apical third reddish; fore and middle tibiae yellowish brown with a narrow red stripe on basal third to half of anterior face, hind tibiae brown to red on basal half to three fourths; tarsi and claws yellowish brown.

Structure, texture, and vestiture: Head: Finely granulate on frons and vertex; set with short, recumbent, simple setae, intermixed with 8–10 long, erect setae. Labium: Extending to bases of middle coxae. Antenna: Segment I with scattered short, recumbent and two long erect, simple setae; segments II–IV with numerous short recumbent and longer, semierect setae, some on segment II equal to or longer than the diameter of the segment. Pronotum: Shiny, evenly punctate, except granulate calli; thickly covered with long, semierect, simple setae. Scutellum: Evenly punctate, with scattered long, erect and semierect simple setae, intermixed with slender, silvery, scale-like setae. Hemelyron: Evenly distributed with numerous brown-stained punctures; set with numerous long, erect, almost bristle-like, simple setae, intermixed with slender silvery, scale-like setae.

Male genitalia: Left paramere (Fig. 204): Beak-like apex distally blunt and with a wing-like process at middle. Right paramere (Fig. 206, 207): Main trunk stout, apically tapered, with one stout lateral arm having a slender, upturned, crenulate apical process and a slender process midway between base and apex. Phallotheca (Fig. 205): Relatively stout, with slender apex, recurved.

Female (n = 2): Length 3.23–3.32 mm, width 1.35–1.46 mm. Head: Width 0.68–0.69 mm, interocular width 0.31–0.33 mm. Labium: Length 1.03–1.04 mm. Antenna: Segment I, length 0.23–0.25 mm; II, 0.74–0.78 mm; III, 0.36–0.38 mm; IV, 0.30 mm. Pronotum: Length 0.59 mm, basal width 1.08–1.11 mm.

Very similar to male in general coloration and texture, differing mainly in the more broadly oval body form, as well as the distinctive long setae (3× or more the diameter of the segment) on antennal segment II that are absent in males.

Unknown.

Known only from Nuevo León, Mexico.

This species is named “transversa” for the dark brown or black, transverse band across the middle of the pronotum.

One paratype (CNC specimen with red label added: “SPECIMEN WITH TERATOLOGICAL RIGHT ANTENNA”) of this species exhibits an aberrant right antenna, with segment II (length 0.88 mm) much longer than the same segment (length 0.78 mm) on the left antenna, and segments III and IV fused (length 0.40 mm) and tapered as in segment IV (missing on this individual) on the left antenna of other specimens. Although antennal abnormalities are not rare in insects, few such teratological cases have been reported in the Miridae. Also, see discussion under Pilophoropsidea brailovskyi sp. n.

Holotype ♂: MEXICO: Nuevo León: Chipinque Mesa, near Monterrey, N.L., 25.60422EN, 100.36137EW, 5400’ [1646 m], 22 Jul 1963, H. F. Howden, 1♂ (00286296) (CNC). Paratypes: MEXICO: Nuevo León: Chipinque Mesa, near Monterrey, N.L., 25.60422EN, 100.36137EW, 5400’ [1646 m], 08 Jul 1963, H. Howden & A. Howden, 1♂ (00286289) (USNM); 22 Jul 1963, H. F. Howden, 5♂♂ (00286291-00286295) (CNC), 1♂ (00286290) (USNM).

This species (Fig. 48) is distinguished by the overall dark, shiny dorsum, dark brown antennae and legs, evenly and finely punctate pronotum, silvery sericeous setae confined to the the scutellum, clavus, and inner margin of the corium, and the male genitalia with a very slender beak-like process on the left paramere (Fig. 208), two arms on the right paramere (Fig. 210), and the apically slender phallotheca (Fig. 209).

Male (n = 4; holotype measurements in parentheses): Length 3.36–3.68 mm (3.62 mm), width 1.12 mm [hemelytra distorted in other specimens] (1.27 mm). Head: Width 0.75–0.81 mm (0.83 mm), interocular width 0.22–0.25 mm (0.26 mm). Labium: Length 1.08–1.24 mm (1.27 mm). Antenna: Segment I, length 0.26–0.29 mm (0.29 mm); II, 0.73–0.88 mm (0.91 mm); III, 0.39–0.42 mm (0.43 mm); IV, 0.36–0.43 mm (0.40 mm). Pronotum: Length 0.61–0.72 mm (0.65 mm), basal width 1.08–1.24 mm (1.22 mm).

Coloration: Overall coloration dark brown to fuscous. Head: Dark brown; eyes dark brown, sometimes fading to silvery brown. Labium: Uniformly brown. Antenna: Uniformly dark brown. Pronotum: Uniformly shiny dark brown or fuscous; fuscous, paler yellowish brown at apex. Hemelytron: Uniformly dark brown to fuscous, sometimes paler dark brown on corium and clavus, leaving costal margin and cuneus darker or fuscous. Ventral surface: Evenly dark, shiny brown. Ostiolar evaporative area: Somewhat dark pinkish brown, central knob brown. Legs: Coxae pale or whitish, narrowly tinged with brown at bases; femora dark brown, except at bases; tibiae, tarsi, and claws uniformly brown.

Structure, texture, and vestiture: Head: Frons transversely rugose, vertex finely granulate, with scattered short, recumbent simple setae, intermixed with a few longer erect setae. Labium: Extending to hind coxae or base of abdomen. Antenna: Segment I sparsely scattered with short, recumbent setae and two longer, erect setae at middle of inner surface; remaining segments thickly set with very short, recumbent setae. Pronotum: Evenly punctate, except for finely granulate calli; with scattered short, recumbent simple setae, intermixed with longer, nearly bristle-like simple setae and silvery, scale-like setae. Scutellum: Very finely punctate and transversely rugose; thickly set with silvery scale-like setae, intermixed with long, erect setae. Hemelytra: Shiny, evenly punctate, with scattered short, recumbent simple setae, intermixed with long, erect, bristle-like setae and thickly set silvery scale-like setae along clavus and inner margin of corium.

Male genitalia: Left paramere (Fig. 208): Elongate, with distal beak-like process very slender, two middle processes, one stout, lying flat against main body toward apex, one short, erect, and a down-curved acute spine at base. Right paramere (Fig. 210): Main stem stout, tapered at apex, with two lateral arms, upper one shortest, distally curved upward, lower one longest, stoutest, dorsally curved at apex, and a T-shaped process attached behind arms. Phallotheca (Fig. 209): Stout, tapered distally into a slender spine.

Female: Unknown.

This species is given the name “variabilis” for the somewhat variable antennal and leg coloration, ranging from uniformly dark brown in the holotype to paler yellowish brown in some paratypes.

Unknown.

Known only from Jamaica.

Holotype ♂: JAMAICA: St. Andrew Parish: Holywell Forest Camp, 4000’ [1219 m], 01 Sep 1971, M. Winegar (00286299) (USNM). Paratypes: JAMAICA: Clarendon Parish: Alston, 2000’ [610 m], 19 Sep 1972, C. Crickett, 1♂ (00286302) (USNM); 29 Nov 1972, C. Crickett, 1♂ (00286301) (USNM); 11 Dec 1972, C. Crickett, 1♂ (00286303) (USNM); 10 Jan 1973, C. Crickett, 1♂ (00286304) (USNM); 28 Feb 1973, C. Crickett, 1♂ (00286305) (USNM). St. Andrew Parish: Holywell Forest Camp, 4000’ [1219 m], 15 Feb 1972, M. Winegar, 1♂ (00286297) (USNM); 29 Jul 1972, M. Winegar, 1♂ (00286298) (USNM). St. Catherine Parish: Linstead, 18.13666EN, 77.03166EW, 430’ [131 m], 07 Dec 1970, J. A. Slater and R. Baranowski, 1♂ (00286300) (USNM).

This ant mimetic genus is recognized by the convex, finely punctate, shiny pronotum, the shiny constricted hemelytron with a large patch of golden scale-like setae through the middle of the clavus and corium and bordered on either side by a narrow band of silvery scale-like setae, and the male genitalia, especially the parameres. All known males and females are macropterous.

Myrmecomorphic. Males and females macropterous. Length of males 2.98–3.36 mm, length of females 2.62–2.98 mm. Head broader than long, shiny, alutaceous, posterior margin weakly concave, base finely carinate, posterior margin of eyes level with base of vertex; eyes large, elongate oval, occupying more than half dorsal width of head, laterally occupying nearly 90♂ of height; eyes much smaller in females, occupying little more the one third dorsal width of head; front broadly rounded, clypeus acute. Labium extending to about middle coxae (imbedded in glue); segment I short, not extending beyond buccular sheath. Antennal somewhat thickened, subequal to two times diameter of tibiae; segment I shortest; segment II longest, gradually thickening to apex; segments III and IV subequal, fusiform. Pronotum similar in male and female; shiny, very finely punctate, calli more alutaceous; convex, raised above level of scutellum and hemelytra; lateral margin weakly sulcate, posterior angles flared; with a few short, recumbent simple setae. Mesoscutum hidden by posterior margin of pronotum. Scutellum equilateral, somewhat concave from base to apex; with a broad band of silvery scale-like setae through middle. Hemelytra shiny throughout, weakly constricted through middle; costal margin in males and females with a distinct row of small black spicules along costal margin; each hemelytron with two rows of silvery scale-like setae, one across base of corium and clavus and one through middle of corium and apex of clavus; area between silvery bands densely covered with golden silvery scale-like setae; membrane entire, with two areoles. Ventral surface shiny, impunctate; abdomen with long, semierect, simple setae; glaucous stridulatory patch distinct. Ostiolar evaporative area dark reddish brown, with a distinct shiny red knob on auricle. Legs unmodified; parempodia fleshy, convergent. Male aperture large, unarmed. Left paramere elongate, apical beak-like process slender, middle process short, slender, apically rounded. Right paramere stout with one slender, apically bifid arm. Phallotheca stout, with three comb-like processes.

In the original description, Carvalho (1988) compared this genus with Renodaeus and said “differs from Renodaeus by the absence of long setae on the body”. Marinonicoris is superficially similar to Renodaeus in overall appearance, including the somewhat swollen pronotum, the constricted hemelytra, dark, shiny brown coloration, and the large patches of golden, scale-like setae on the clavus and corium. It differs from Renodaeus, however, in lacking erect bristle-like setae on the hemelytra and the file-like spicules on the costal margin, as well as having quite different parameres, more closely resembling those found in Pilophoropsis.

This species (Figs 93, 94) is recognized by the generic characters, including the swollen pronotum, constricted hemelytra, the golden and silvery scale-like setae on the clavus and corium, the lack of erect, bristle-like dorsal setae, and the male genitalia, especially the parameres (Figs 280, 282).

Male (n = 2): Length 2.98–3.36 mm, width 1.14–1.18 mm. Head: Width 0.72–0.77 mm, interocular width 0.30–0.34 mm. Labium: Imbedded in glue. Antenna: Segment I, length 0.16–0.21 mm; II, 0.51–0.58 mm; III, 0.30–0.37 mm; IV, 0.34–0.40 mm. Pronotum: Length 0.51–0.58 mm, basal width 0.91–1.04 mm.

Coloration: Head: yellow brown to dark brown. Antenna: Segment I yellowish brown, with a red streak on inner margin; segments II–IV dark brown. Pronotum: Dark brown, area around calli sometimes slightly paler brown. Scutellum: Brown. Hemelytron: Dark brown, area on basal half of corium and clavus appearing paler brown because of setal coloration. Ventral surface: Thoracic area yellowish brown, mesopleural area with a glaucous sheen; abdomen dark brown to fuscous, glaucous stridulatory patch distinct. Ostiolar evaporative area: Dark brown, with a red knob at middle of auricle. Legs: Dark brown, apices of hind femora and tibiae and all of tarsi and claws pale yellowish brown.

Structure, texture, and vestiture: As in generic description. Head, pronotum, and hemelytra shiny. Labium: Extending about to hind coxae or base of abdomen. Each hemelytron with two rows of silvery scale-like setae, one across the base of the corium and clavus, and one across the middle of the corium and apex of the clavus; area between densely covered with golden scale-like setae (but lacking erect, bristle-like setae).

Male genitalia: Left paramere (Fig. 280): Elongate, distal stem-like, with beak-like apex elongate, basal half stouter with a short, slender, apically rounded arm. Right paramere (Fig. 282): Stout, with a slender, apically bifid arm near base. Phallotheca (Fig. 281): Stout, apex with three comb-like processes.

Female (n = 4): Length 2.62–2.98 mm, width 1.02–1.18 mm. Head: Width 0.70–0.72 mm, interocular width 0.30–0.35 mm. Labium: Imbedded in glue. Antenna: Segment I, length 0.16–0.18 mm; II, 0.50–0.53 mm; III, 0.55 (others missing) mm; IV missing. Pronotum: Length 1.00–1.03 mm, basal width 0.80–0.91 mm. Similar to male in color, texture, and vestiture.

Previously known only from the holotype taken in Paraná, Brazil. Carpintero et al. (2006) reported specimens from Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay. Rio Grande Norte is a new Brazilian state record.

Unknown.

The holotype, though not borrowed, was examined during a visit to the Museu Nacional collection (MNHN) in Rio de Janeiro. This species is easily distinguished by the structure of the male genitalia.

Holotype ♂, BRAZIL: Paraná: Telêmaco Borba, Reserva Samuel Kalbin, [24.35ES 50.6167EW], 669 m, 02 Nov 1986, Lev. Ent. Profau Par, lâmpada (00175020) (MNRJ).

ARGENTINA: Chaco: Fontana, Unknown, 1♀ (00071514) (USNM); 1♂, Martin Garcia Isl., Buenos Aires Prov., Nov. 96, M. C. Coscarón (MACN); 1♂, Arroya Martires, Misiones, Aug. 1995, D. L.Carpintero (MACN); 1♀, Corrientes Prov., Bella Vista, June 1936 (MACN). BRAZIL: Sao Paulo: Piracicaba, 22.73931ES 47.655EW, Unknown, 1♀ (00071513) (USNM). 1♂, Natal, Rio Grand Norte, Feb. 1952, M. Alvarenga (MNHN). PARAGUAY: 1♂, Arroya Aguapey, Mar. 1994, D. L. Carpintero (MACN). URUGUAY: 1♀, Rivera Dept., Sierra and Arroya de al Aurora, 12 Jan. 1971 (MACN).

Ceratocapsus camelus Knight, 1930.

Characterized by the relatively long labial segment I that extends beyond the gular sulcus by nearly half its length; the strongly convex pronotum, having nearly straight lateral margins that narrow anteriorly before ending to accentuate a distinct narrow collar; the hemelytra uniformly polished, subparallel to weakly contricted through middle (Figs 51, 56, 62), always having two loose bands of silvery scale-like setae, a narrow one at the base of the corium and clavus and a broader one through the middle of the corium onto the apical third of the clavus, and a single row of long, erect, often bristle-like, simple setae on the clavus; and a distinctive ostiolar area (Fig. 110) having a swollen, usually dull red area or knob at the apex of the scent channel.

Myrmecomorphic. Males macropterous; females brachypterous. Length of males 3.60–5.40 mm. Head broader than long; posterior margin straight or truncate, distinctly carinate, posterior margin of eyes level with base of vertex, hypognathus; eyes large, elongate oval, occupying half or more of dorsal head width, laterally occupying more than 70♂ of height; front rounded, declivent, clypeus acute, visible from dorsal aspect. Labium extending to middle or hind coxae; segment I extending beyond gular sulcus by about half its length, basal half visible below buccula in lateral aspect. Antenna somewhat thickened, subequal to diameters of tibiae; segment I shortest; II longest, gradually enlarging apically to thickness of segments III and IV; III and IV fusiform. Pronotum in males trapeziform, wider at base than long, dull to polished, lateral margins straight or nearly so, anterior margin with a distinct narrow collar separated from calli by a transverse groove; posterior margin weakly rounded; mesoscutum partially visible to hidden by base of pronotum; scutellum equilateral. Pronotum in females more nearly quadrate, disc and calli strongly convex, with hind margin sharply sloping downward posteriorly. Hemelytra shiny to polished, lateral margins subparallel to weakly constricted near level with middle of corium, area at apex of corium and base of cuneus usually depressed; all species with two bands of loosely set, silvery, scale-like setae, one across base of clavus (and across scutellum, but usually disjunct at claval suture) and one through middle of corium and across apical third of clavus, intermixed with a row of long, erect, simple setae through middle of clavus and a few on inner corial margin bordering membrane. Cuneus and membrane fully developed in males. Claval suture absent and apex of cuneus at level across membrane abbreviated in females, exposing apical 3 or 4 abdominal segments, cuneus and membrane entirely wanting in some species. Ventral surface shiny; ostiolar area white, with a distinct knob or raised area at the end of scent channel; second visible abdominal segment with area of dense microsetae (Fig. 112), appearing as a dull or glaucous quadrate patch. Legs unmodified, except the hind tibiae in some species sometimes thickened, somewhat bowed, and laterally compressed; parempodia fleshy and convergent apically. Male aperture of genital capsule large, open, sometimes armed with small to large spines or processes around margins; left paramere variable from beak-like to more slender and apically truncate; right paramere usually with a slender main stem and various lateral arms or spines; phallotheca elongate, slender, variously apically hooked to sometimes more truncate.

The name of this new genus is taken from the generic name Pilophoropsis Poppius and Latin suffix “idea”, meaning form or appearance, and is used to reflect the resemblance of the two genera. The gender is feminine.

Twelve of the 15 species included in this new genus are described as new. Most are represented by only one or a few specimens, suggesting that numerous additional species likely will be discovered with more thorough collecting.

The following key includes some external characters to help distinguish species, but male genitalia (viewed caudally, usually without dissection) are required to identify members of this genus with certainty.

This species (Fig. 49) is recognized by the overall reddishbrown color; the shiny pronotum with a fine, grainy surface; erect, relatively long, simple setae on the corium; and the shape of the male genitalia, particularly the right paramere. The right paramere (Fig. 213) is unique in having a globose base and a long arm forming a curved C-shaped structure.

Holotype male: Length: 4.10 mm, width 1.32 mm. Head: Width 0.83 mm, interocular width 0.30 m. Labium: Length about 1.48 mm (embedded in glue). Antenna: Segment I, length 0.32 mm; II, 1.00 mm; III, 0.60 mm; IV, 0.56 mm. Pronotum: Length 0.68 mm, basal width 1.10 mm.

Coloration: Head: Dark reddish brown. Antenna: Dark reddish brown. Pronotum: Dark reddish brown to fuscous. Scutellum: Fuscous. Hemelytron: Dark reddish brown; cuneus shiny reddish brown; membrane smoky brown. Ventral Surface: Shiny reddish brown, abdomen darker brown or fuscous. Ostiolar evaporative area: Pale or whitish, central knob or raised area red. Legs: Coxae, femora, and tibiae uniformly reddish brown; tarsi and claws pale yellowish brown.

Structure, texture, and vestiture: Head: Semishiny, finely granulate, frons weakly transversely striate, with scattered semierect pale yellowishbrown setae. Labium: extending to about middle coxae. Pronotum: Semishiny, finely granulate, with scattered, semierect and erect, pale yellowishbrown setae Scutellum: Shiny, finely transversely rugose, with scattered, long, erect, bristle-like, pale setae and a broad band of narrow, white, scale-like setae. Hemelytron: Polished, impunctate, except for an irregular double row of shallow, indistinct brown punctures on clavus; clavus with five long, erect, bristle-like pale setae lengthwise through middle; corium with a few short, pale, simple setae, intermixed with longer, erect, pale setae and two bands of silvery scale-like setae, a relatively narrow one across base of clavus (and through scutellum) and a broader one across middle of corium and apex of clavus. Ventral surface: Propleura dorsoventrally rugose, remainder of thorax and abdomen shiny, polished.

Male genitalia: Left paramere (Fig. 211) elongate, with apex more slender and curved downward. Right paramere (Fig. 213) with a globose base and a long, slender lateral arm forming a broad C-shape. Phallotheca (Fig. 212) stout, apex blunt and slightly curved.

Female: Unknown.

Known from only the holotype collected in the Huachuca Mountains of Arizona.

Unknown.

I have not found any other material that I can associate with the holotype of this species. The male genitalia, however, are quite distinct among the species of Pilophoropsidea.

Holotype ♂ [USA]: Arizona [Cochise Co.]: Huachuca Mts., VII–20, H. G. Barber coll., collected by light (USNM) [00162212].

This species (Fig. 50) is recognized by the relatively large size, reddishbrown coloration, unique male genitalia, particularly the left paramere (Fig. 214) and phallotheca (Fig. 214), and the stout spine on the male genital aperture at about the 10 o’clock position above the left paramere.

Holotype male: Length ca. 4.48 mm (hemelytra bent down and twisted apically), width 1.36 mm. Labium: Length 1.58 mm. Antenna: Segment I, 0.40 mm; II, teratoid left segment 1.26 mm, normal right segment 1.08 mm; III, right 0.56 mm; IV, right 0.54 mm; teratoid left III and IV fused, 0.80 mm, fuscous. Pronotum: Length 0.88 mm, basal width 1.36 mm.

Coloration: Head: Dark brown, frons dark reddish brown. Antenna: Segment I pale brown, with a brown to reddishbrown streak on basal half; segment II fuscous; segments III and IV fuscous. Pronotum: Reddish brown. Scutellum: Reddish brown. Hemelytron: Apical half fuscous, slightly paler or very dark brown on basal half; membrane smoky black, pale or whitish through areoles and between. Ventral surface: Shiny brown to reddish brown, abdomen more fuscous. Ostiolar evaporative area: White with large knob at end of scent channel dull red. Legs: Fore coxa brown, more reddish apically, middle and hind coxae pale or whitish, infuscated basally; femora brown to fuscous, with apices pale; tibiae brown, hind tibia more reddish brown, all becoming paler on apical 1/4; tarsi and claws brown.

Structure, texture, and vestiture: Head: Semishiny, vertex finely granulate with a narrow, smooth, shiny area extending between eyes just before base; frons transversely striate. Labium: Extending to bases of hind coxae. Pronotum: Disc shiny, smooth to very indistinctly roughened, calli granulate, slightly raised, narrowly shiny around inner margins; collar transversely striate. Scutellum: Weakly rugose, with silvery scale-like setae except at middle of base and at apex Hemelytron: Polished, smooth except for slightly roughened clavus; with typical bands of silvery scale-like setae, a narrow one at base of clavus and a broader one through middle of corium and apical third of clavus, intermixed with a row of long, erect, simple setae through middle of clavus and a few along inner corial margin near base of membrane.

Male genitalia: Aperture with a stout, apically acute tubercle above left paramere Left paramere (Fig. 214): Apex quadrate and extended distally into a long slender process; basally with three processes, the first and third short, apically rounded, the middle one longer, more pointed. Right paramere (Fig. 216) stout, elongate, narrowing apically, without lateral tubercles or processes. Phallotheca (Fig. 215): Stout, distally broad and blunt; finely serrate along one side near apex.

Female: Unknown.

This species is named in honor of coreoid specialist Dr. Harry Brailovsky, friend, colleague, and collector of the holotype.

Federal District, Mexico.

Holotype collected on Tillandsia bourgari Baker [Bromeliaceae].

The holotype (red label added: “SPECIMEN WITH TERATOLOGICAL LEFT ANTENNA”) and only known specimen of this species exhibits the only case of teratological antennal development observed in Pilophoropsidea. The left second antennal segment is much longer than the right and segments III and IV of the same antenna are fused into one. Polhemus and Polhemus (1985) noted that antennal oligomery was not an uncommon phenomenon in the Heteroptera, citing Leston (1952), and described such examples as Pilophoropsis brachyptera Poppius treated in this paper and their new genus and species Phorodendrepulus myrmecomorphus (Phylinae). They speculated that flightlessness and extensive inbreeding accounted for a higher occurrence of antennal oligomery in P. myrmecomorphus than in Pilophoropsis bracyptera, which has fully macropterous, more mobile males [as do species of Pilophoropsidea] to increase interdeme gene flow.

Holotype: ♂: MEXICO: Federal District: Temascaltepec, 9 Feb. 1979, H. Brailovsky, on Tillandsia bourgari Baker (UNAM).

This species (Figs 51–54) is recognized by the brown to reddishbrown coloration, usually with the anterior half of the hemelytron paler than the posterior half; the smooth, polished pronotum; the uniformly white ostiolar auricle, lacking a red knob; and the male genitalia, particularly the right paramere (Fig. 219) forming a stout C-shaped structure and the phallotheca (Fig. 218) with a long, slender, recurving, apical process.

Male (n = 10; holotype measurements in parentheses): Length 3.60–3.96 mm (3.78 mm), width 1.16–1.18 mm (1.06 mm). Head: Width 0.76–0.78 mm (0.72 mm), interocular width 0.36-0.40 mm (0.37 mm). Labium: Length 1.36–1.42 mm (1.37 mm). Antenna: Segment I, length 0.24–0.26 mm (0.24 mm); II, 0.75–0.78 mm (0.75 mm); III, 0.44–0.48 mm (0.46 mm); IV, 0.44–0.46 mm (0.45 mm). Pronotum: Length 0.78–0.84 mm (0.80 mm), basal width 1.08–1.12 mm (1.10 mm).

Coloration: Head: Brown. Antenna: Segment I, pale brown; segment II, dark brown, paler on basal half; segments III and IV dark brown to fuscous. Pronotum: Shiny dark brown, paler anteriorly; scutellum brown, paler along margins. Hemelytron: Uniformly polished, dark brown, paler brown on clavus and basal l/2 of corium; membrane smoky black beyond apex of cuneus, pale across and between areoles. Ventral surface: Shiny brown, abdomen becoming dark brown or black. Ostiolar evaporative area: Uniformly white. Legs: Coxae pale brown, apex of procoxa sometimes reddish, base of middle coxa sometimes infuscated; femora dark brown, hind femur pale at extreme apices; tibiae brown, becoming paler on apical halves; tarsi and claws pale.

Structure, texture, and vestiture: Head: Shiny, vertex weakly granulate, frons weakly transversely rugose, with numerous long, slender, simple, brown setae. Labium: Extending to bases of hind coxae. Antenna: Segment II slender basally, gradually enlarging to apex; setae short, recumbent. Pronotum: Strongly convex, disc smooth, polished, calli granulate, depressed collar transversely striate, sparsely set with very short, palebrown, recumbent setae; scutellum with a wide band of silvery scale-like setae through middle, intermixed with long, erect, pale brown, simple setae. Hemelytron: A band of silvery scale-like setae across base of clavus (and continuous with band on scutellum) and a wider band through middle of corium and across apical l/3 of clavus, sparsely intermixed with very long, pale brown setae on clavus and inner margin of corium. Ventral surface: Abdomen sparsely set with short, pale brown, simple setae and a few longer erect setae on genital capsule; second visible abdominal segment with dull alutaceous stridulatory patch on middle half.

Male genitalia: Aperture large with a sharp, inwardly directed spine above left paramere. Left paramere (Fig. 217) relatively short and stout, quadrate on apical half, with apex pointed and curved downward; long, erect, basal process stout and bifid apically (apex somewhat variable, with secondary spine sometimes poorly developed). Right paramere (Fig. 219) stout, C-shaped. Phallotheca (Fig. 218) elongate, weakly constricted before widening distally, apex tapered into a long, slender, recurving process.

Female (n=3): Coloration and structure similar to that of male, except as noted below. Length to apex of abdomen 2.96–3.05 mm, length to apex of hemelytron 2.25–2.50 mm, width across apex of hemelytra 1.24–1.28 mm. Head: Width 1.44–1.46 mm, interocular width 0.48–0.50 mm. Labium: Length 1.44–1.46 mm. Antenna: Segment I, length 0.26 mm; II, 0.74–0.78 mm; III, 0.42–0.44 mm; IV 0.44–0.46 mm. Pronotum: Length 0.72 mm, basal width 0.70–0.74 mm.

Coloration: Head, pronotum, and scutellum: Brown. Ventral surface: Brown, abdomen becoming black, with long, slender, erect, pale setae. Ostiolar evaporative area: White. Legs similar to those of male.

Structure, texture, and vestiture: Labium: Extending to hind coxae. Pronotum: Quadrate, shiny brown, strongly convex, sides rounded, disc and calli continuously rounded, disc shiny, not cleft, calli weakly rugose, anterior flattened, collar-like area short, but distinctly transversely striate, downward sloping posterior end of disc rugose, posterior margin flattened, posterior angles flared outward. Scutellum: Depressed through middle, apex with a patch of silvery scale-like setae. Hemelytron: Brachypterous, polished, narrow on basal half, flaring wider apically, strongly depressed across basal third to half, apical half of corium with a shiny, glabrous swelling, claval suture absent, fusing clavus and corium, cuneal fracture absent, apex truncate, apical margin cutting inward forming a shallow V with both hemelytra together; patch of silvery scale-like setae at base of corium and a semicircular band extending from middle of outer corial margin around inside of hump and back across apex to outer margin of cuneal area, claval area and inner corial margin with long, erect, pale brown setae; apical three abdominal segments exposed beyond hemelytra.

Previously known in the United States from Illinois, Kentucky, Missouri, and Wisconsin (Henry and Wheeler 1988, Henry et al. 2005). New state records are Arkansas, Indiana, Nebraska, Oklahoma, and Texas.

Henry et al. (2005) reported taking C. camela from trumpet creeper, Campsis radicans (L.) Seem [Bignoniaceae], and poison ivy, Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze [Anacardiaceae]. In addition to these hosts, A. G. Wheeler and I have collected P. camela from a broad range of plants and habitats, including Celtis sp. (hackberry) [Ulmaceae], Fraxinus sp. (ash) [Oleaceae], Quercus stellata Wangenh. (post oak) [Fagaceae], Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch. (Virginia creeper) [Vitaceae], Ulmus crassifolia Nutt. (winged elm) [Ulmaceae], thickets of Campsis radicans (L.) Seem. ex Bureau [Bignoniaceae], and from a thick hedge-row of vegetation. Specimens usually are beaten from dense vegetation or from larger, often moss- or lichen-covered branches of trees, particularly species of Quercus, such as post oak. This wide assortment of collection sites and hosts suggests that this mirid is an opportunistic predator, probably seeking injured, dead, or dying soft-bodied arthropods as prey.

We also have observed a general association of this mimetic species with ants. In Arkansas, we found P. camela more common when Crematogaster clara Mayr was present. A specimen of Crematogaster lineolata (Say) in the USNM collection is associated with a male of P. camela collected by R. C. Froeschner in Missouri (23 July 1942).

Holotype: ♂: USA: Illinois: Champaign Co.: “Urbana, Ill., Aug. 21, 1926, Vera Smith” [00162213] (USNM). Paratypes: USA: Illinois: Champaign Co.: Urbana [40.11056EN, 88.20722E W], 21 Aug 1926, Vera Smith, 1♀ (allotype) (00071557) (USNM).

USA: Arkansas: Perry Co.: Rt. 60, near Conway, Toadsuck Park, 35.07198EN, 92.52377EW, 91 m, 12 Jun 1987, T. J. Henry and A. G. Wheeler, Jr, 2♂♂ (00071562, 00071563), 1♀ (00071564) Campsis radicans (Bignoniaceae), Parthenocissus quinquefolia (Vitaceae), and Toxicodendron radicans (Anacardiaceae), 1♂ (00071561) Populus deltoides (Salicaceae), 1♂ (00071560) (USNM). Pope Co.: Lake Dardanelle State Park, Rt. 64, 13 Jun 1987, T. J. Henry and A. G Wheeler, Jr., Quercus stellata (Fagaceae), 1♀ (00285689) (USNM). Russellville, Arkansas Tech University, 35.27842EN, 93.13379EW, 13 Jan 1987, T. J. Henry and A. G. Wheeler, Jr, 1♂ (00071574) Ulmus crassifolia (Ulmaceae), 1♀ (00071575), 3♂♂ (00071576-00071578) (USNM). Illinois: Madison Co.: Glen Carbon, 38.74833EN, 89.98306EW, 04 Sep 1950, J. A. Slater, 1♂ (00138451) (AMNH). Indiana: Cass Co.: Logansport, Dykeman Park, 1 Jul 1984, T. J. Henry, from thick hedgerow of Campsis radicans (Bignoniacaeae), 1♀ (USNM). Kentucky: Fulton Co.: CR-430, nr Mississippi River, 2.1 mi. N. of Sassafras Ridge, 36.55555EN, 89.22388EW, 19 Jun 2001, T. J. Henry and A. G Wheeler, Jr., Toxicodendron pubescens (Anacardiaceae), 1♂ (00285685) Campsis radicans (Bignoniaceae), 1♂ (00285686), 1♀ (00285687) (USNM). Missouri: Cole Co.: Jefferson City, 38.5584EN, 92.17203EW, 30 m, 23 Jul 1942, R. C. Froeschner, willow, 1♀ (00071559) (USNM); 11 Jul 1944, W. W. Dowdy, 1♂ (00285691) (USNM). St. Louis Co.: Saint Louis, 38.62722EN, 90.19778EW, 03 Sep 1939, R. C. Froeschner, 1♂ (00071558) (USNM). Nebraska: Nemaha Co.: Peru, Neal Park, 40.46972EN, 95.73277EW, 09 Jul 1986, T. J. Henry and A. G. Wheeler, Jr, beaten from thick hedge of mixed vegetation 1♂ (00285690) (USNM). Oklahoma: Choctaw Co.: Hugo Lake, Wilson Pt., Rt. 147, 34.04EN, 95.37638EW, 95 m, 16 Jun 1999, T. J. Henry and A. G Wheeler, Jr., Quercus stellata (Fagaceae), 2♀♀ (00071569, 0071570) (USNM). Murray Co.: I77, at I-35 W. of Doughtery, 316 m, 34.39444EN, 97.13861EW, 13 Jun 1999, T. J. Henry and A. G Wheeler, Jr., Ulmus crassifolia (Ulmaceae), 1 (?sex) (00071565), 1♂ (00071566), 1♀ (00071567) (USNM). Sequoyah Co.: Applegate Cove, Kerr Lake, 6 mi. S. of Sallisaw, 18 Jun 1999, T. J. Henry and A. G Wheeler, Jr., Quercus stellata (Fagaceae), 1♂ (00285688) (USNM). Texas: Brazos Co.: College Station, 30.62778EN, 96.33417EW, 15 May 1933, H. G. Johnston, 3♂♂ (00071571-00071573) (USNM). College Station, 30.62778EN, 96.33417EW, 20 May 1929, H. G. Johnston, 1♂ (02467796) (TAMU); 15 May 1933, H. G. Johnston, 1♂ (02467799) (TAMU); 18 May 1933, H. G. Johnston, 1♂ (02467798) (TAMU); 19 May 1933, H. G. Johnston, light trap, 1♂ (02467800) (TAMU); 23 May 1933, H. G. Johnston, 1♂ (02467801) (TAMU); 24 May 1933, H. G. Johnston, 1♂ (02467797) (TAMU). Kerr Co.: Kerrville, VI–16–64, M. H. Sweet, 1♀ (TAMU). Uvalde Co.: 29.20968EN, 99.78617EW, 26 May 1910, F. C. Pratt, 1♂ (00071568) (USNM). Wisconsin: Jackson Co.: no specific locality, 44.43718EN, 90.91126EW, 259 m, 08 Aug 1970, C. F. Koval, 1♂ (00329553) (CNC).

This species (Fig. 55) is recognized by the overall very dark brown head and hemelytra, contrasting with the dull or, at most, satiny, black pronotum; the field of silvery, scale-like setae across the basal half of the cuneus, and the male genitalia, particularly the left paramere (Fig. 220) with a long basal process.

Male (n = 2; holotype measurements in parentheses): Length 4.03 mm (4.10 mm), width 1.10 mm (1.04 mm). Head: Width 0.76 mm (0.74 mm), interocular width 0.36 mm (0.32 mm). Labium: Length 1.30 mm (1.28 mm). Antenna: Segment I, length 0.30 mm (0.27 mm); II, 0.84 mm (0.80 mm); III, 0.54 mm (0.50 mm); IV, 0.52 mm (0.46 mm). Pronotum: Length 0.78 mm (0.74 mm), basal width 1.06 mm (1.04 mm).

Coloration: Head: Dark reddish brown. Antenna: Segment I pale brown, basal half with an elongate red mark on inner side; segment II fuscous to black; segment III and IV black. Pronotum: Fuscous to black. Scutellum: Dark brown to fuscous, apex pale brown. Hemelytron: Uniformly dark brown to fuscous; membrane uniformly smoky black. Ventral surface: Shiny reddish brown to fuscous. Ostiolar evaporative area: White, with knob at end of scent channel dull red. Legs: Fore coxa dark brown, middle and hind coxae white, narrowly fuscous at bases; femora uniformly dark reddish brown; tibiae dark reddish brown, hind tibiae noticeably flattened; tarsi and claws brown.

Structure, texture, and vestiture: Head: Granulate, frons with weak transverse striations. Labium: Extending just beyond bases of middle coxae. Pronotum: Evenly granulate, dull to weakly shiny, collar paler brown and transversely rugose. Scutellum: Finely granulate, smooth, with silvery scale-like setae across apical half except apex, intermixed with long, erect, simple setae. Hemelytron: Smooth, polished, with three bands or patches of silvery scale-like setae, one across base of clavus (and through scutellum), a broader one through middle of corium and apical third of clavus, and one across basal half of cuneus, intermixed with sparse, recumbent simple setae and a row of long, erect setae through middle of clavus and a few along inner corial margin at base of membrane. Ventral surface: Abdomen with numerous long, erect setae, especially on genital capsule.

Male genitalia: Aperture with a large tubercle along dorsal edge just left of center (approx. at 11 o’clock position) that is thickened on basal half, then abruptly slender apically. Left paramere (Fig. 220): Apex subtriangular or beak-like, middle with a relatively stout, erect process, and base with a very long, forward-curving, slender process. Right paramere (Fig. 222) elongate, with a short, slender process at middle. Phallotheca (Fig. 221) slender, apex with a stout, recurved hook.

Female: Unknown.

The specific epithet cuneata is used to denote the silvery, scale-like patch of setae present across the basal half of the cuneus.

Chiapas, Mexico.

Unknown.

Holotype: ♂: MEXICO: Chiapas, 27 km SW Teopisca, 18 Sept. 1981, Clark and Coe (TAMU). Paratype: Same data as for holotype, 1♂ (USNM). [00162215].

This species (Fig. 56) is recognized by the small size; the brown to reddishbrown coloration; the shiny to satiny brown pronotum having a finely granulate surface; and the male genitalia, particularly the stout left paramere (Fig. 223) with a triangular-shaped lateral process.

Male (n = 2; holotype mesurements in parentheses): Length 3.76 mm (3.84) mm, width 1.24 mm (1.18 mm). Head: Width 0.76 mm (0.74 mm), interocular width 0.40 mm (0.38 mm). Labium: Length 1.40 mm (1.44 mm). Antenna: Segment I, length 0.30 mm (0.26 mm); II, length 0.94 mm (0.92 mm); III, 0.58 mm (0.53 mm); IV, 0.54 mm (0.52 mm). Pronotum: Length 0.83 mm (0.80 mm), basal width 1.06 mm (1.10 mm).

Coloration: Head: Reddish brown. Antenna: Segment I pale brown, with a slender red to brown mark on basal third; segment II brown, darker apically; segment III and IV reddish brown. Pronotum: Reddish brown to fuscous. Scutellum: Reddish brown to dark brown. Hemelytron: Uniformly polished, orange brown on basal half, brown to fuscous on apical third, with a narrow band of silvery scale-like setae at base of clavus and a wider band through middle of corium and apical third of clavus, intermixed with a row of long, erect, pale, simple setae on clavus and inner corial margin bordering membrane; membrane smoky black beyond apex of cuneus, pale or whitish across areoles and between. Ventral surface: Shiny reddish brown, becoming fuscous on abdomen; ostiolar area white, with large anterior knob at end of scent channel dull red. Legs: Procoxa brown, red apically, middle and hind coxae whitish, base of middle coxa brown; femora brown, apex of hind femur pale on ventral aspect; tibiae reddish brown to dark brown, fore and middle tibiae pale on apical 1/4; tarsi and claws pale brown.

Structure, texture, and vestiture: Head: Finely granulate, transverse striations on frons absent or extremely vague, pubescence short, recumbent, with a few long, erect, pale setae across base of vertex and basal area around clypeus. Labium: Extending to bases of hind coxae or to posterior margin of metasternum. Antenna: Segment II slender, only slightly thickening to apex. Pronotum: Disc and calli finely granulate, satiny, anterior collar transversely rugose, setae short, sparse, and recumbent.

Male genitalia: Aperture with a short, stout spine along margin just above left paramere. Left paramere (Figs 223, 224): stout, truncate apex narrowed and decurved; middle with three processes, one thick and rounded apically and two acute apically (with anterior most one hidden from view in caudal aspect, i.e. in situ), and a central marginally crenulate triangular flange at widest part. Right paramere (Fig. 226): stout, with a lateral, hook-like process directed upward. Phallotheca (Fig. 225): stout, with a long, slender, sharply recurved hook.

Female: Unknown.

The specific epithet dimidiata is used to denote the small size of this species.

Durango, Mexico.

Unknown.

Holotype ♂: MEXICO: Durango: 9 mi. W La Ciudad Durango, 9000’, 1 July 1964, L. A. Kelton (00167381) (CNC). Paratype: MEXICO: Durango: 24 mi. W. La Ciudad, Durango, 7000’, 21 July 1964, L. A. Kelton, 1♂ (USNM) [00162217].

This species (Fig. 57) is recognized by the brown to reddishbrown coloration; shiny to satiny brown pronotum; and the male genitalia, particularly the left paramere (Fig. 227) with an elongate beak-like apex, a long, curving basal process, and a stouter, apically acute, middle process.

Male (n = 5; holotype measurements in parentheses): Length 4.16–4.32 mm (4.24 mm), width 1.44–1.52 mm (1.22 mm). Head: Width 0.78–0.80 mm (0.80 mm), interocular width 0.38–0.40 mm (0.37 mm). Labium: Length 1.36–1.38 mm (1.41 mm). Antenna: Segment I, length 0.26–0.28 mm (0.24 mm); II, 0.78–0.86 mm (0.67 mm); III, 0.44–0.48 mm (0.38 mm); IV, 0.42–0.44 mm (0.37 mm). Pronotum: Length 0.90–0.92 mm (0.86 mm), basal width 1.18–1.22 mm (1.20 mm).

Coloration: Head: Reddish brown. Antenna: Segment I pale brown, with inner surface having a red line extending along entire length in most specimens; segment II dark brown, pale on basal third; segments III and IV dark brown to fuscous. Pronotum: Dark reddish brown to fuscous, sometimes paler on anterior third. Scutellum: Dark brown to fuscous. Hemelytron: Uniformly orange brown on basal half, cuneus and apical half of corium dark brown; membrane fuscous beyond apex of cuneus, clear whitish basally. Ventral surface: Shiny, thoracic sterna orange brown to brown, abdomen fuscous. Ostiolar evaporative area: White, with large anterior knob dull reddish brown. Legs: Coxae whitish, base of middle coxae and apex of fore coxae brown to reddish brown; femora brown to reddish brown; tibiae brown to reddish brown, fore and middle tibiae becoming pale on apical third; claws and tarsi pale brown.

Structure, texture, and vestiture: Head: Frons weakly transversely rugose, with long, semierect and erect, pale-brown setae along midline and across vertex. Labium: Extending to middle coxae. Pronotum: Shiny, disc and calli finely granulate, nearly alutaceous, anterior collar granulate, weakly transversely striate; pubescence short, sparse. Scutellum: With loose band of silvery scale-like setae across apical third. Hemelytron: Polished; silvery scale-like setae set in a narrow band across base of clavus and a broad band through middle of corium and apical third of clavus. Ventral surface: Abdomen with numerous erect to semierect setae. Legs: Hind tibiae laterally flattened and weakly bowed and inner margin thickly set with long, erect setae.

Male genitalia: Aperture large, without marginal spines or processes. Left paramere (Fig. 227) elongate, with a large, apical, triangular, beak-like process truncated distally; a thickened, apically acute, recurved process at middle; and a long, slender, apically curved, basal process. Right paramere (Fig. 229): stout, thickest on basal half, without lateral arms or branches. Phallotheca (Fig. 228): uniformly slender, with a slender, recurved apical hook, and a short, decurved tubercle on opposite side.

Female: Unknown.

Known only from Cochise Co., Arizona.

Unknown.

Holotype ♂: USA: Arizona: Cochise Co., Chiricahua Mts., 6200’, 20 June 1928, A. A. Nichol (00162218) (USNM). Paratypes: USA: Arizona: Cochise Co.: Chiricahua Mountains, East Turkey Creek, 31.90956EN, 109.25086EW, 1951 m, 26 Jul 1987, W. F. Barr, Quercus sp. (Fagaceae), 1♂ (00374336) (CNC). Huachuca Mountains, 31.502EN, 110.3994EW, 1839 m, 08 Jul 1905, H. G. Barber, 1♂ (00374335) (CNC).

USA: Arizona: Cochise Co.: Chiricahua Mountains, SWRS, 5 mi. SW Portal, 31.88333EN, 109.20611EW, 1646 m, 22 Aug 2000, J.C. Schaffner, 1♂ (00285693) (USNM). Pinery Canyon, Chiricahua Mountains, 31.93514EN, 109.27482EW, 2073 m, 01 Jul 1919, A. Wetmore, 1♂ (00285692) (USNM). Huachuca Mts., Upper Carr Cyn., 7500 ft., 6–10 Aug 1952, H. B. Leech and J. B. Green, 3♂♂ (CAS). St. Rita Mt., 7-6-33, E. D. Ball, 1♂ (USNM). Southwestern Research Station (SWRS), 5 mi SW of Portal, 31.8825EN, 109.206EW, 5400’ (1646 m), 05 Sep 1965–25 Sep 1965, C. W. Sabrosky, Malaise trap, 1♂ (00285694) (USNM).

This species (Fig. 58) is recognized by the dark brown coloration; the smooth, highly polished pronotum; the male genitalia, particularly the left paramere (Figs 230, 231) with a wing-shaped median process and the C-shaped right paramere (Fig. 233) with a median spine; and the short, stout spine on the male genital aperture just above the left paramere.

Male (n = 2; holotype measurements in parentheses): Length 4.20 mm (3.84 mm), width 1.28 mm (1.24 mm). Head: Width 0.84 mm (0.82 mm), interocular width 0.44 mm (0.42 mm). Labium: Length ca. 1.50 mm [bent] (imbedded in glue). Antenna: Segment I, length 0.26 mm (0.28 mm); II, 0.92 mm (0.91 mm); III, 0.58 mm (0.54 mm); IV, 0.54 mm (0.56 mm). Pronotum: Length 0.84 mm (0.80 mm), basal width 1.10 mm (1.16 mm).

Coloration: Head: Shiny brown to reddish brown. Antenna: Segment I pale brown, with a red mark on basal third; segment II brown to fuscous; segments III and IV brown to fuscous. Pronotum: Brown to fuscous. Scutellum: Brown to fuscous. Hemelytron: Uniformly dark orange brown on basal half, dark brown to fuscous on apical half; membrane smoky brown to black, with a pale spot near apex of cuneus and pale at base between areoles. Ventral surface: Shiny brown, becoming more fuscous on abdomen. Ostiolar evaporative area: White, with enlarged anterior knob at end of scent channel dull red. Legs: Uniformly brown to reddish brown, tarsi slightly paler brown.

Structure, texture, and vestiture: Head: Frons finely transversely rugose, pubescence short, recumbent, with a few long, erect, pale setae along base of vertex and near basal area of clypeus. Labium: Extending to hind coxae. Antenna: Segment II slender, gradually enlarging to apex. Pronotum: Shiny, polished, disc smooth, calli granulate, weakly defined, collar transversely striate; pubescence short, recumbent, and very sparse. Scutellum: With silvery scale-like setae across apical half except apex, intermixed with long, erect, pale, simple setae. Hemelytron: Uniformly polished; with a narrow band of silvery scale-like setae across base of clavus and a wider one through middle of corium and across apical third of clavus, intermixed with a row of four long, erect, pale, simple setae on clavus and three or four on inner corial margin bordering membrane.

Male genitalia: Aperture with a distinct stout spine along margin just above left paramere. Left paramere (Figs 230, 231): Apex long and slender with a short, decurved, truncate apex; basal process stout, rounded apically; middle process wing-like, dorsally serrate arising from within base of V formed by basal and apical processes. Right paramere (Fig. 233): Somewhat stout, bulbous at middle, apical half forming a recurved C with a short spine arising from middle. Phallotheca (Fig. 232): Thickest basally, narrowing apically, with a stout, slightly curving, truncate apex.

Female: Unknown.

The specific epithet “fuscata”, is given to denote the overall dark brown to fuscous coloration.

Known from Arizona and New Mexico in the United States and Durango in Mexico.

Unknown.

Holotype: ♂: USA: Arizona: Cochise Co.: Pinery Canyon, Chiricahua Mts., 4500 to 5000 ft., VIII–21–1932, D. K. Duncan, J. C. Lutz collection 1961 (00162219 (USNM). Paratypes: MEXICO: Durango: Durango, June 16, 1964, L. A. Kelton, 1♂ (CNC). USA: Arizona [Cochise County]: Chiricahua Mts., (Rustlers Pk.), VII–5–40, D. E. Hardy, 1♂ (KU). New Mexico: McKinley Co., Gallup, VII–14–1977, R. P. Allen, 1♂ (CDFA). Santa Fe Co., 6 mi. E. Tusuque, VII–4–84, J. T. Polhemus & D. A. Polhemus, 1♂ (JTP).

This species (Fig. 59) is recognized by the large size; overall reddishbrown coloration; slender body form; the shiny, finely granulate pronotum; and male genitalia, particularly the left paramere (Fig. 234) with a long, slender, apically blunt basal process, and the phallotheca (Fig. 235) with an elongate apical process and deeply toothed subapical area.

Male (n = 5; holotype measurements in parentheses): Length 4.40–4.80 mm (4.80 mm), width 1.52–1.56 mm (1.54 mm). Head: Width 0.80–0.84 mm (0.83 mm), interocular width 0.26–0.28 mm (0.29 mm). Labium: Length 1.40–1.48 mm (1.52 mm). Antenna: Segment I, length 0.28–0.30 mm (0.27 mm); II, 0.96–1.04 mm (1.04 mm), slender, only slightly thickened to apex; III, 0.52–0.60 mm (0.56 mm); IV, 0.44–0.50 mm (0.50 mm). Pronotum: Length 0.84–0.86 mm (0.85 mm), basal width 1.28–1.32 mm (1.33 mm).

Coloration: Head: Brown to dark reddish brown. Antenna: Segment I pale brown, with a narrow, sometime indistinct, reddish line on inner surface; segments II–IV dark brown. Pronotum: Shiny reddish brown to dark brown. Scutellum: Dark brown. Hemelytron: Shiny orange brown on basal half, shiny reddish brown to dark brown apically; membrane dark smoky brown beyond apex of cuneus, pale or white basally across and between areoles. Ventral surface: Shiny reddish brown, becoming fuscous on abdomen; ostiolar area white with anterior knob dull red. Legs: Coxae whitish, apex of procoxa and bases of middle and hind coxae reddish to reddish brown; femora brown to reddish brown; tibiae brown to reddish brown, fore and middle tibiae paler apically.

Structure, texture, and vestiture: Head: Frons and vertex with transverse, finely granulate striations, with long, erect and semierect, pale, simple setae. Labium: Extending to bases of middle coxae. Pronotum: Disc shiny but with fine scattered granulations, calli and narrow anterior collar more densely granulate, simple pubescence sparse, recumbent. Scutellum: Depressed at middle, granulate, with a wide band of silvery scale-like setae across apical third except apex, intermixed with long, erect, pale, simple setae. Hemelytron: With a narrow band of silvery scale-like setae across base of clavus and a wider band through middle of corium and across apical third of clavus, intermixed on clavus with a few erect, pale, simple setae. Ventral surface: Mesosternum and abdomen with relatively long, semierect, simple setae. Legs: Entire length of hind tibial posterior face with two dense rows of short erect setae.

Male genitalia: Aperture. Left paramere (Fig. 234): Apical half stout, elongate, trunk-like with a flared, truncate apex; base stout with two thickened, apically rounded processes. Right paramere (Fig. 236): Mainstem thickened, apically rounded, with a short, thick, upturned lateral process at middle. Phallotheca (Fig. 235): Stout on basal half, narrowing apically into a slender, recurved hook and a deeply toothed, subapical area.

Female: Unknown.

This species is named in honor of the late mirid specialist Dr. Leonard A. Kelton (retired from the Biosystematics Research Institute, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa), friend, colleague, and collector of all known specimens of this species, as well as numerous other specimens used in this study.

Durango, Mexico.

One of the type specimens was taken from mistletoe growing on pine.

Holotype ♂: MEXICO: Durango: 3 mi. E El Salto, 8400’, 21 June 1964, L. A. Kelton (00167382 )(CNC). Paratypes: MEXICO: Durango: 3 mi. E El Salto, 8400’, 21 June 1964, L. A. Kelton, 1♂ (00167385) (CNC). 24 mi. W. La Ciudad, Durango, 7000’, 20 June 1964, L. A. Kelton, 2♂♂ (00167384) (CNC), (0016220) (USNM). 10 mi. W. El Salto, Durango, 9000’, 30 June 1964, L. A. Kelton, on pine and mistletoe, 1♂ (00167383) (CNC).

This species (Fig. 60) is recognized by the large size; dark brown to reddishbrown coloration; shiny, finely granulate pronotum; and male genitalia, particularly the stout left paramere (Fig. 237) with two apically acute basal spines and a short, truncate, decurved apical process and the phallotheca (Fig. 238) with a slender, recurved apical process.

Male (n=3; holotype measurements in parentheses): Length 5.03–5.17 mm (4.99 mm), width 1.36–1.44 mm(1.36 mm). Head: Width 0.82-0.84 mm (0.80 mm), interocular width 0.28-0.30 mm (0.29 mm). Labium: Length 1.50–1.52 mm (1.49 mm). Antenna: Segment I, length 0.28–0.30 mm (0.27 mm); II, 0.94–0.96 mm (0.96 mm); III, 0.52–0.54 mm (0.54 mm); IV, 0.48–0.50 mm (0.50 mm). Pronotum: Length 0.88–0.90 mm (0.85 mm), basal width 1.31–1.32 mm (1.31 mm).

Coloration: Head: Dark brown to fuscous. Antenna: Segment I pale brown, with a broad stripe extending entire length on inner side; segments II–IV dark brown. Pronotum: Dark brown to fuscous. Scutellum: Dark brown to fuscous. Hemelytron: Orange brown on basal half, dark brown or fuscous on apical half; membrane mostly smoky dark brown; pale or white through and between areoles. Ventral surface: Brown to reddish brown, more fuscous on abdomen. Ostiolar evaporative area: White, with anterior knob at end of scent channel dull red. Legs: Procoxa pale brown to brown, reddish brown apically, middle and hind coxae white, brown at bases; femora uniformly brown to reddish brown; tibiae brown to reddish brown; tarsi pale brown; claws brown.

Structure, texture, and vestiture: Head: Shiny, frons with fine transverse granulations. Labium: Extending to bases of middle coxae. Antenna: Segment II slender, gradually thickened to apex. Pronotum: Shiny, disc finely and sparsely granulate, entire surface of calli and collar granulate; pubescence short, sparse, and recumbent. Scutellum: Transversely rugose, with a band of silvery scale-like setae across apical half, intermixed with long, erect, pale, simple setae. Hemelytron: Uniformly polished; with a band of silvery scale-like setae across base of clavus and a wider band through middle of corium and apical third of clavus, intermixed with a short row of long, erect, pale, simple setae on apical half of clavus and a few along inner corial margin adjacent to membrane. Legs: Hind tibiae somewhat flattened, with entire length of inner side having two dense rows of long (subequal to diameter of segment), erect setae.

Male genitalia: Aperture with two short spines above left paramere, one simple and acute, one apically trispinose. Left paramere (Fig. 237) short, stout, enlarged apical half with a forward-curving crest and a recurved, truncate, apical process; base with two variable processes, longest one thickened apically, rounded, shorter one apically acute. Right paramere (Fig. 239) relatively slender, with a short, apically blunt process curved upward. Phallotheca (Fig. 238) slender, with a long, recurved apical hook and a subapical notch.

Female: Unknown.

The specific epithet maxima is used to denote the large size of this species.

Durango, Mexico.

Unknown.

Holotype: ♂: MEXICO: Durango: 10 mi. W El Salto, 9000’, 10-VIII-1964, L. A. Kelton (00167382) (CNC). Paratypes: MEXICO: Durango: 9 mi. W La Ciudad, 9000’, 1 July 1964, L. A. Kelton, 1♂ (00167386) (CNC). 24 mi. W La Ciudad, 7000’, 21 July 1964, L. A. Kelton, 1♂ (0016221) (USNM).

This species (Fig. 61) is recognized by the dark brown to fuscous (almost black) coloration; shiny, finely granulate pronotum; and the male genitalia, particularly the simple, apically truncate right paramere (Fig. 242) and phallotheca (Fig. 241).

Male (n = 2; holotype measurements in parentheses): Length 4.54 mm (4.54 mm), width 1.32 mm (1.30 mm). Head: Width 0.84 mm (0.83 mm), interocular width 0.32 mm (0.34 mm). Labium: Length 1.40 mm (1.36 mm). Antenna: Segment I, length 0.28 mm (0.30 mm); II, 0.94 mm (0.93 mm); III, 0.48 mm (0.53 mm); IV, 0.50 mm (0.48 mm). Pronotum: Length 0.86 mm (0.86 mm), basal width 1.30 mm (1.28 mm).

Coloration: Head: Dark brown. Antenna: Segment I pale brown, with a dark reddish brown line extending entire length on inner side; segment II black, slightly paler dark brown near base; segments III and IV black. Pronotum: Fuscous. Hemelytron: Fuscous, slightly paler dark reddish brown on basal half; membrane dark smoky brown, paler inside areoles. Ventral surface: Shiny brown, abdomen becoming fuscous. Ostiolar evaporative area: White, with knob at end of scent channel dull brown. Legs: Procoxa brown, middle and hind coxae pale or white with bases fuscous; femora uniformly dark brown, hind femur nearly black with extreme apex pale; tibiae dark reddish brown, hind tibia slender; tarsi and claws brown.

Structure, texture, and vestiture: Head: Granulate, frons transversely rugose. Labium: Extending just to bases of middle coxae. Pronotum: Semishiny, finely granulate, pubescence short, sparse, and recumbent; scutellum granulate, with a band of silvery scale-like setae through middle, intermixed with long, erect, simple setae. Hemelytron: Polished, smooth, with two bands of silvery scale-like setae, a narrow one across base of clavus and a broader one through middle of corium and across apical third of clavus, intermixed with a row of erect, simple setae through middle of clavus.

Male genitalia: Aperture unarmed except for a minute spine just above left paramere. Left paramere (Fig. 240): Apical half enlarged with apex extended and slender, basal half with two processes, the basal one short and acute, the middle one longer, rounded, and apically rounded, acute. Right paramere (Fig. 242): Stout, narrow toward truncate apex, without arms. Phallotheca (Fig. 241): Slender, apically truncate.

Female: Unknown.

This species is named after the Mexican state of Puebla, from which it was collected.

Puebla, Mexico.

Unknown.

Holotype ♂: MEXICO: Puebla: Apulco, 13 mi. N. Zacapoaxtla, July 23, 1985, Jones and Schaffner, taken at light (00167706) (TAMU). Paratype: MEXICO: Puebla: 4.7 mi. SW La Cumbre, elev. 5100’, VII–23–1987, Woolley & Zolnerowich, 87/055, 1♂ (00162222) (USNM).

This species (Figs 62–65) is recognized by the large size; overall dark brown to fuscous coloration; shiny, finely granulate, fuscous pronotum; and male genitalia, particularly the left paramere (Fig. 243) with a quadrate dorsal process and the stout, C-shaped right paramere (Fig. 245).

Male (n = 2; holotype measurements in parentheses): Length 4.48 mm (4.68 mm), width 1.28 mm (1.30 mm). Head: Width 0.91 mm (0.85 mm), interocular width 0.26 (0.27 mm). Labium: Length 1.54 mm (1.44 mm). Antenna: Segment I, length 0.30 mm (0.30 mm); II, 1.02 mm (0.91 mm); III, 0.59 mm (0.53 mm); IV 0.59 mm (0.53 mm). Pronotum: Length 0.83 mm (0.82 mm), basal width 1.23 mm (1.20 mm).

Coloration: Head: Fuscous. Antenna: Segment I pale brown, slightly infuscated at base, red mark frequent in other species absent; segment II fuscous, slightly paler at base; segments II and III fuscous. Pronotum: Dark brown to fuscous. Scutellum: Fuscous. Hemelytron: Dark brown to fuscous, apical half slightly darker; membrane smoky black, paler through areoles and basal half of area between. Ventral surface: Shiny dark brown, abdomen fuscous or black. Ostiolar evaporative area: Uniformly white (one paratype with a tiny red dot at base of auricle). Legs: Procoxa brown, middle and hind coxae white to pale brown with fuscous bases; femora uniformly dark brown; tibiae dark brown, fore and middle tibiae paler apically.

Structure, texture, and vestiture: Head: Granulate, with a dull sheen; frons weakly transversely striate. Labium: Extending to bases of middle coxae. Pronotum: Shiny, finely granulate, collar with weak transverse striations, pubescence sparse and very short. Scutellum: Transversely rugose except for smooth apex, with a band of silvery scale-like setae across apical half except apex, intermixed with a few long, erect, pale, simple setae. Hemelytron: Smooth, polished, with two bands of silvery scale-like setae, a narrow one across base of clavus and a broader one through middle of corium and across apical third of clavus, intermixed on apical half of clavus and inner corial margin bordering membrane with long, erect, pale, simple setae. Legs: Hind tibiae straight, slender, diameter subequal to that of fore and middle tibiae, lacking dense row of erect setae along inner margin.

Male genitalia: Aperture above left paramere with a slender, dorsally directed spine. Left paramere (Fig. 243) relatively stout, apex slender, curved downward, with a low, quadrate dorsal flange on apical third and a large, stout, apically acute process on basal half. Right paramere (Fig. 245) C-shaped. Phallotheca (Fig. 244) relatively stout, with a slender, decurved apical process.

Female (n = 1): Length to apex of abdomen 3.12 mm, length to apex of cuneus 2.48 mm, width 1.24 mm. Head: Width 0.88 mm, interocular width 0.48 mm. Labium: Length 1.50 mm. Antenna: Segment I, length 0.28 mm; II, 0.86 mm; III, 0.50 mm; IV 0.48 mm. Pronotum: Length 0.76 mm, basal width 0.74 mm. Similar to male in coloration.

Structure, texture, and vestiture: Labium: Extending to base of abdomen. Pronotum: More quadrate than in males, lateral margins subparallel, basal angles weakly flared. Hemelytron: Brachypterous, deeply depressed basally, abruptly lifted upward over abdomen beyond apex of scutellum, claval and cuneal sutures and membrane absent, apical four abdominal segments exposed beyond apices, apical half of corium tumid or with a glabrous hump; pubescence similar to that of male except tumid area surrounded by a semicircular band (modified broad band of males) of silvery scale-like setae beginning at middle of outer corial margin, continuing around toward clavus and across apex to outer margins of cuneus. Ventral surface and legs similar to those of male.

This species named in honor of mirid specialist Dr. Joseph C. Schaffner, friend, colleague, and collector of all the known specimens of this species, as well as those for six other new species described in this paper. His collections of Mexican Miridae are unsurpassed.

Nuevo León and San Luis Potosi, Mexico.

Unknown.

Holotype: ♂: MEXICO: San Luis Potosi: 28.5 mi. S. Huizache, July 4, 1985, Jones and Schaffner (00167507) (TAMU). Paratypes: MEXICO: San Luis Potosi: 28.5 mi. S. Huizache, July 4, 1985, Jones and Schaffner, 1♂, 1♀ (00167508-00167509) (TAMU). Nuevo León: 8 miles south of La Escondida, July 24, 1976, Piegler, Gruetzmacher, R. & M. Murray, and J. C. Schaffner, 1♂ (00162223) (USNM).

This species (Fig. 66) is recognized by the large size; overall dark coloration; shiny, dark brown pronotum; male genitalia, particularly the left paramere (Figs 246, 247) with a long, slender, apically hooked basal process and a stouter, apically acute median process, and the phallotheca (Fig. 248) with a short hooked apical process and dorsal flap; and the 12 to 13 short, setigerous tubercles on the dorsal edge of the male genital aperture.

Holotype male: Length 5.33 mm, width 1.40 mm. Head: Width 0.84 mm, interocular width 0.36 mm. Labium: Length 1.60 mm. Antenna: Segment I, length 0.30 mm; II, 1.00 mm; III, 0.56 mm; IV, 0.54 mm. Pronotum: Length 0.90 mm, basal width 1.40 mm.

Coloration: Head: Dark reddish brown. Antenna: Segment I pale brown, with a dark brown streak extending entire length on inner side; segment II dark brown or fuscous; segments II and III fuscous. Pronotum: Fuscous, somewhat paler red brown across calli. Scutellum: Reddish brown. Hemelytron: Dark brown to fuscous on apical half, more pale reddish to orange brown on basal half; membrane smoky black, paler at base across proximal half of large areole. Ventral surface: Shiny dark reddish brown. Ostiolar evaporative area: White, with knob at end of scent channel dull brown. Legs: Fore coxa brown, middle and hind coxae pale or whitish with bases infuscated; femora uniformly dark brown; tibiae uniformly dark brown.

Structure, texture, and vestiture: Head: Shiny, granulate, frons transversely rugose, an elongate, glabrous, smooth, shiny spot present on either side of vertex, with each touching inner margin of an eye. Labium: Extending to bases of middle coxae. Pronotum: Shiny, surface of disc finely granulate, calli and collar uniformly granulate; recumbent pubescence short and sparse. Scutellum: Transversely rugose except for smooth apex, with silvery scale-like setae across middle, intermixed with long, erect, pale, simple setae. Hemelytra: Polished, smooth, with two bands of silvery scale-like setae, a narrow one across base of clavus and a broader one through middle of corium and across apical third of clavus.

Male genitalia: Dorsal edge of aperture with 12 to 13 tiny setigerous tubercles giving a finely serrate appearance, with a slightly larger spine on left side before serrations. Left paramere (Figs 246, 247) relatively elongate, apical part extended and truncate, basal half with two erect, stout processes, the shortest having a small subapical tubercle. Right paramere (Fig. 249) stout, more slender on apical third, middle with a small quadrate flange. Phallotheca (Fig. 248) relatively stout, apically hooked, with a small, recurved flap.

Female: Unknown.

The specific epithet serrata is used to denote the finely serrate dorsal edge of the male genital aperture.

Michoacan, Mexico.

Collected on Pinus sp. [Pinaceae].

Holotype ♂: MEXICO: Michoacan: 6 mi. N Cheran, July 7–8, 1985, Jones and Schaffner, from pine (00167510) (TAMU).

This species (Fig. 67) is recognized by the fuscous head and hemelytra, the dull black, granulate pronotum; and male genitalia, particularly the left paramere (Figs 250, 251) with a long, stout basal process and short lateral process (visible anteriorly only) and the right paramere (Fig. 253) with a slender, apically crenulate, lateral arm.

Holotype male: Length 3.78 mm, width 1.24 mm. Head: Width 0.81 mm, interocular width 0.43 mm. Labium: Length 1.52 mm. Antenna: Segment I, length 0.29; II, 0.95 mm; III, 0.52 mm; IV 0.47 mm. Pronotum: Length 0.91 mm, basal width 1.26 mm.

Coloration: Head: Dark reddish brown. Antenna: Segment I yellowish brown; segment II yellowish brown, becoming darker reddish brown on apical third; segments III and IV dark reddish brown. Pronotum: Black. Scutellum: Fuscous, paler brown apically. Hemelytron: Basal third of clavus fuscous or nearly black, remainder of hemelytron, including membrane, dark brown. Ventral surface: Shiny dark reddish brown. Ostiolar evaporative area: White, with knob at middle of scent channel dull red. Legs: Fore coxae and trochanters dark brown, middle and hind coxae and trochanters white; femora, tibiae, tarsi, and claws uniformly dark brown.

Structure, texture, and vestiture: Head: Finely granulate, satiny, clothed with short, simple recumbent setae, intermixed with longer, more erect, simple setae on frons and clypeus. Labium: Extending to middle coxae. Pronotum: Finely granulate, surface luster dull or at most satiny; mesoscutum hidden by base of pronotum. Scutellum: With 8 or more long, scattered, erect setae and a wide field of silvery, scale-like setae through middle. Hemelytron: Clavus, basal half of embolium, and corium dull to satiny, cuneus, apical half of embolium, and corium shiny; with two transverse fields of silvery, scale-like setae, one across base of clavus and one across middle of corium and apex of clavus, intermixed with a row of five or more long, erect, simple setae along middle of clavus and a row on corium bordering membrane.

Male genitalia: Left paramere (Figs 250, 251) trifurcate, with a long apical process, a shorter dorsal process, and one short process extending anteriorly and hidden in caudal aspect (i.e., in situ). Right paremere (Fig. 253) with a slender, curved lateral arm with a marginally crenulate apex and a tiny subapical process. Phallotheca (Fig. 252) stout, with a short, curved apical process.

Female: Unknown.

This species is named in honor of Michele A. Touchet (Systematic Entomology Laboratory, ARS, USDA, Washington, D. C.) for her enthusiastic and professional assistance, including her time-consuming specimen data entry and providing all color habitus photographs in this paper.

Known only from the Mexican state of Puebla.

Unknown.

Holotype ♂: MEXICO: Puebla: 5.8 miles northwest Telixtlahuaca, July 21, 1987, Kovarik, Schaffner (00167511) (TAMU).

This species (Figs 68, 69) is recognized by the overall fuscous coloration; black, granulate pronotum; uniformly white ostiolar auricle; male genitalia, particularly the basally globose and apically slender left paramere (Fig. 254) and quadrate right paramere (Fig. 256) with a serrate dorsal ridge; and the broad, truncate process on the male genital aperture.

Holotype male: Length 4.48 mm, width 1.48 mm. Head: Width 0.96 mm, interocular width 0.38 mm. Labium: Length 1.50 mm. Antenna: Segment I, length 0.32 mm; II, 0.96 mm; III 0.52 mm; IV, 0.46 mm. Pronotum: Length 0.96 mm, basal width 1.26 mm.

Coloration: Head: Fuscous to black. Antenna: Segment I pale brown, inner side with a dark brown mark extending entire length; segment II fuscous to black; segments III and IV black. Pronotum: Black. Scutellum: Fuscous, transversely rugose, covered with silvery scale-like setae except apex, intermixed with long, erect, simple setae. Hemelytron: Uniformly fuscous; membrane fumate or black. Ventral surface: Fuscous. Ostiolar evaporative area: Uniformly white. Legs: Fore coxa brown, middle and hind coxae white and narrowly infuscated at bases; tibiae fuscous, hind tibia slender.

Structure, texture, and vestiture: Head: Weakly shining, granulate, frons transversely rugose, with a shiny spot on either side of vertex adjacent to eye. Labium: Extending to middle coxae. Pronotum: Dull to semishiny, strongly granulate, collar transversely rugose; pubescence short, sparse, and recumbent. Hemelytron: Polished, smooth, with two bands of silvery scale-like setae, a narrow one across base of clavus and continuing onto scutellum and a broader one through middle of corium and across apical third of clavus; also with a few scattered scales on clavus between bands, intermixed with a row of long, erect, simple setae through middle of clavus and a few along inner corial margin near base of membrane.

Male genitalia: Aperture with a short, wide, truncate process on dorsal edge just right of center (position about 1:00); dorsal edge also with numerous long, inwardly directed setae. Left paramere (Fig. 254): Simple, most thickened at base, apex extended into a long, slender, decurved process. Right paramere (Fig. 256): Stout, broad, with a thick, wide process arising from each side. Phallotheca (Fig. 255): Long, stout, with a short, pointed apical tubercle.

Female: Unknown.

The specific epithet “truncata” is given to denote the truncate tergal process on the male aperture.

Guerrero, Mexico

Unknown.

Holotype ♂: MEXICO: Guerrero: 6.2 mi. SW Xochipala, elev. 5670 ft., July 6, 1987, Kovarik and Schaffner (00167512) (TAMU).

This species (Figs 70–72) is recognized by the overall fuscous coloration; dull black, granulate pronotum; male genitalia, particularly the simple, C-shaped left paramere (Fig. 257), the right paramere (Fig. 259) with a stout, apically acute lateral arm, and the long, slender phallotheca (Fig. 258); and the large, stout spine on male genital aperture above the right paramere.

Male (n = 3; holotype measurements in parentheses): Length 3.80–4.20 mm (4.16 mm), width 1.20–1.22 mm (1.20 mm). Head: Width 0.74–0.78 mm (0.78 mm), interocular width 0.38–0.40 mm (0.40 mm). Labium: Length 1.39–1.44 mm (1.39 mm). Antenna: Segment I, length 0.29–0.32 mm (0.29 mm); II, 0.90–1.02 (0.90 mm); III, 0.50–0.52 mm (0.51 mm); IV, 0.42–0.45 mm (0.45 mm). Pronotum: Length 0.92–0.99 mm (0.99 mm), basal width 1.20–1.28 mm (1.28 mm).

Coloration: Head: Fuscous to black. Antenna: Segment I pale brown, with a small red mark inside near base; segment II black; segments III and IV fuscous. Pronotum: Black. Scutellum: Fuscous to dull black, paler apically. Hemelytron: Uniformly black; membrane uniformly dark smoky brown, narrowly shiny around base bordering cuneus. Ventral surface: Uniformly shiny reddish brown to black. Ostiolar evaporative area: White, with knob at end of scent channel dull red. Legs: Fore coxa dark reddish brown to black, middle and hind coxae pale or whitish, narrowly fuscous at bases; femora uniformly dark reddish brown to black; tibiae reddish brown to black; tarsi and claws brown to fuscous.

Structure, texture, and vestiture: Head: Uniformly granulate, weakly shiny. Labium: Extending to apices of middle coxae or bases of hind coxae. Antenna: Segment II gradually thickened to apex, apical width greater than diameter of segment I. Pronotum: Dull, strongly granulate, collar transversely striate, with scattered recumbent setae. Scutellum: Granulate, apex smooth and shiny, with a wide band of silvery scale-like setae across apical half, except shiny apex. Hemelytron: Rugose or roughened, shiny but not polished, with two bands of silvery scale-like setae, a narrow one across base of clavus and a broader one through middle of corium and apical third of clavus; thickly set with short, recumbent, pale, simple setae and a few longer, erect setae on clavus and inner corial margin bordering membrane. Legs: Hind tibia strongly flattened and bowed, broad side nearly two times diameter of fore tibia, inner side with two rows of long (0.04–0.06 mm), erect setae.

Male genitalia: Right side of aperture with a large stout spine or tubercle. Left paramere (Fig. 257) simple, slender, without flanges or basal processes. Right paramere (Fig. 259) somewhat C-shaped, apex blunt, with a stout, apically pointed, lateral process arising at middle. Phallotheca (Fig. 258) relatively stout, curving, apex blunt with a short spine on one side.

Female (n = 2): Length to apex of abdomen 3.04–3.14 mm, length to apex of cuneus 2.48–2.60 mm, width 1.30–1.32 mm. Head: Width 0.78–0.80 mm, interocular width 0.46–0.50 mm. Labium: Length 1.44–1.58 mm. Antenna: Segment I, length 0.30–0.32 mm; II, 0.92–1.02 mm; III, 0.52–0.60 mm; IV, 0.46–0.56 mm. Pronotum: Length 0.74–0.76 mm, basal width 0.76–0.80 mm. Similar to male in coloration, differing structurally as noted below.

Structure, texture, and vestiture: Labium: Extending past hind coxae to base of abdomen. Pronotum: Much more quadrate than in males, lateral margins subparallel, humeral angles weakly flared. Scutellum: Basal half sloping downward posteriorly, apical half flattened, level with hemelytra. Hemelytron: Brachypterous; coloration and surface texture much as in males; claval and cuneal sutures and membrane absent, apex of cuneus cut inward, forming a deep apical V; last four or five abdominal segments exposed beyond hemelytra. Ventral surface and legs much as in males, including flattened and bowed hind tibiae.

The specific epithet “tuberculata” denotes the large, stout tubercle on the right side of the male genital aperture.

Guerrero, Mexico.

Unknown.

Holotype ♂, MEXICO: Guerrero: 6.2 mi. SW Xochipala, elev. 5670 ft., July 6, 1987, Kovarik and Schaffner (00167513) (TAMU). Paratypes: MEXICO: Guerrero: 6.2 mi. SW Xochipala, elev. 5670 ft., July 6, 1987, Kovarik and Schaffner, 2♂♂ (1 damaged), 2♀♀ ((00167514) 1♂, (00167515) 1♀ TAMU; (00162224) 1♂, (00162225) 1♀ USNM).

Characterized by the recessed labial segment I that does not extend beyond the gular sulcus (Fig. 121); the shiny, strongly convex pronotum that narrows anteriorly and has the lateral margins sulcate, with the disc and calli evenly rounded; the mostly dull or satiny hemelytron having only the cuneus, embolium, and basal area of the membrane polished, distinct bands and patches of tightly arranged, silvery scale-like setae, and stout, erect, black, bristle-like setae on the clavus and corium. Males are fully macropterous. Females are always brachypterous, with the apex of the cuneus and membrane greatly abbreviated, and the hemelytral setal pattern modified; and the pronotum is more quadrate, with the convexity of disc sulcate through the middle.

Myrmecomorphic. Males macropterous; females brachypterous. Length of males 2.80–3.52 mm; length of females 2.36–3.12 mm. Head broader than long; posterior margin truncate, distinctly carinate, posterior margins of eyes level with base of vertex; eyes large, elongate oval, occupying more than half of dorsal head width, laterally occupying nearly three fourths of height; front broadly rounded at level from eye to eye, clypeus moderately acute, partially visible from dorsal aspect; segment I of labium arising from and completely enclosed within oval gular sulcus, segment not or hardly visible below buccula in lateral aspect; labium extending to middle or hind coxae. Antenna with segment I shortest, II longest, most slender on basal half, gradually enlarging to apex that is subequal to diameter of segment I, sometimes swollen or clavate apically; segments III and IV thickest, usually fusiform, III sometimes more slender on basal half. Pronotum trapeziform, lateral margins weakly sulcate, narrowing anteriorly to obscure narrow, transverse, collar-like area, posterior angles often broadly flared, posterior margin weakly rounded; mesoscutum covered by base of pronotum, scutellum equilateral, base sometimes covered by base of pronotum. Hemelytron dull or satiny, with cuneus, embolium, and basal area of membrane polished, lateral margins shallowly constricted between bases of cuneus and corium; with distinct patches and bands of tightly arranged silvery scale-like setae; intermixed on clavus and corium with stout, erect, black, bristle-like setae. Cuneus and membrane fully developed in males; claval suture absent and apex of membrane at that level across cuneus usually abbreviated in females, exposing apical 3 or 4 abdominal segments. Ventral surface shiny; ostiolar area white, without raised knob at end of scent channel; second visible abdominal segment with a dull or glaucous, quadrate patch ventrally. Legs unmodified; parempodia fleshy, convergent apically. Male aperture large, open, unarmed; generalized left paramere elongate, with a subtriangular, beak-like, apical process, with variable processes arising basally to about the middle of the main trunk; right paramere roughly C-shaped, main stem stout, with a large recurving, sometimes bifurcate, lateral arm; phallotheca generally slender, with a distinct apical hook; endosoma unmodified.

I follow Steyskal (1973), who considered the suffix “opsis” feminine.

Prior to this study, only three species of Pilophoropsis were recognized. Strong sexual dimorphism in this genus makes it difficult to associate males and females when collected separately. As a consequence, the male of P. brachyptera Poppius (1914), previously known only from the brachypterous female, was described by Knight (1968) as P. balli. Polhemus and Polhemus (1985), however, showed that these two species are synonyms based on a series of males, females, and nymphs they collected together in Arizona, thus emphasizing the importance of male genitalic characters for separating species in the Ceratocapsini. Females can be identified only by their association with males at this time.

The following key relies primarily on male genitalic structures, nearly all of which may be viewed caudally without dissecting specimens.

This species (Fig. 73) is distinguished by the small size and the male genitalia, particularly the left paramere (Fig. 260) with two middle processes, the sharply C-shaped right paramere (Fig. 262) similar to that of P. brachyptera, and the short, stout, decurved apical process of the phallotheca (Fig. 261).

Male (n = 2; holotype measurements in parentheses): Length 3.08 mm (2.80 mm), width 0.96 mm (0.94 mm). Head: Width 0.66 mm (0.64 mm), interocular width 0.30 mm (0.28 mm). Labium: Length 0.86 mm (0.82 mm). Antenna: Segment I, length 0.20 mm (0.18 mm); II, 0.58 mm (0.54 mm); III, 0.34 mm (0.32 mm); IV, 0.34 mm (0.30 mm). Pronotum: Length 0.62 mm (0.60 mm), basal width 0.90 mm (0.88 mm).

Coloration: Head: Pale reddish brown to fuscous, holotype paler, with small red marks on vertex, frons, clypeus, and bucculae. Antenna: Segment I pale brown, with two red marks, one across basal third extending distally and ending before apex and one short mark on opposite side of apical third; segment II slender, gradually enlarging apically, brown, paler on apical half to apical two thirds, pubescence short, pale, recumbent; segments III and IVreddish brown. Pronotum: Reddish brown to fuscous. Scutellum: Reddish brown to fuscous. Hemelytron: Pale brown, darker brown on outer two thirds of clavus and apical third of corium, cuneus red to reddish brown; membrane brown. Ventral surface: Reddish brown to fuscous. Ostiolar evaporative area: Uniformly white. Legs: Coxae whitish, bases of middle and hind coxae and apex of fore coxae reddish brown; femora brown, basal half of middle femur pale, base of remaining hind femur obscured by body and glue; tibiae brown to reddish brown, pale on apical half; tarsi and claws pale brown.

Structure, texture, and vestiture: Head: Shiny, frons weakly rugose. Labium: Extending to middle coxae. Pronotum: Anterior third narrowed nearly half as wide as base, convex, disc strongly shining, calli granulate, depressed and weakly punctate between, flattened anterior collar-like area seen in other species indistinct or absent; with only scattered, short, recumbent simple setae. Scutellum: Dull, with a broad band of silvery scale-like setae across middle. Hemelytron: Dull, cuneus and embolium polished; with bands of silvery, scale-like setae, one across base of clavus (and continuous with that on scutellum) and a broader one across apical third of corium, three narrow, short bands on apical third of clavus, and two short, narrow, somewhat broken patches on basal third of corium adjacent to embolium; intermixed with widely set, erect, stout, black, bristle-like setae on clavus and corium. Ventral surface: Shiny; abdomen with long erect and semierect pale setae.

Male genitalia: Aperture large, without marginal spines. Left paramere (Fig. 260) with a large, triangular apical process and two middle processes, one apically acute, one stout and decurved, and one slender. Right paramere (Fig. 262) C-shaped with a large, dorsally directed, apically serrate, lateral arm. Phallotheca (Fig. 261) slender, with a short, decurved, apical hook.

Female: Unknown.

I name this new species after my late mother, Betty Jean Vitello Walker, who always provided strong support for my interests in natural history that developed at an early age. The specific epithet comes from her affectionate account of my Italian grandfather’s accented pronunciation of her name, “Be-Jean”.

Known only from Sonora, Mexico; also intercepted in commerce at Nogales, Arizona [a border city across from the Mexican state of Sonora], from an unspecified locality in Mexico.

Unknown.

The male genitalia of this species are most similar to those of P. brachyptera, but they differ in the shape of the middle processes on the left paramere (Fig. 262), certain fine details in the right paramere (Fig. 262), and the much shorter, stouter, apical process on the phallotheca (Fig. 261).

Holotype ♂, MEXICO: Intercepted at Nogales, Arizona, from Mexico, XII-29-41, coll. unknown, on tomato (00162226) (USNM). Paratype: MEXICO: Intercepted at Nogales, Arizona, 11 Apr 1966, coll. unknown, on tomato, 1♂ (00285719) (USNM). Mexico, Sonora, sand dunes at Huatabampito, 22 Apr. 1974, Derham Giuliani, 1♂ (CAFA).

This species (Figs 74, 75) is recognized by having the posterior silvery band on the hemelytra level with the apex of the clavus and well separated from the cuneal fracture, a comb-like basal process of the left paramere (Fig. 263), a long, recurving arm on the right paramere (Fig. 265), and a stout, decurved apical hook on the phallotheca (Fig. 264).

Male (n = 5; holotype measurements of P. balli in parentheses): Length 3.32–3.52 mm (3.46 mm), width 1.08–1.16 mm (1.12 mm). Head: Width 0.76–0.80 mm (0.78 mm), interocular width 0.30–0.32 mm (0.30 mm). Labium: Length 1.04–1.10 mm (1.09 mm). Antenna: Segment I, length 0.22–0.24 mm (0.22 mm); II, 0.58–0.60 mm (0.62 mm); III, 0.36–0.38 mm (0.37 mm); IV, 0.36–0.38 mm (0.35 mm). Pronotum: Length 0.76–0.78 mm (0.80 mm), basal width 1.02–1.06 mm (1.01 mm).

Coloration: Head: Dark shiny brown. Antenna: Segment I yellowish brown, with a red mark running dorsally across basal l/3, then distally along inside before ending subapically; segment II, brown to dark brown; segments III and IV dark brown. Pronotum: Dark brown to fuscous. Scutellum: Dark brown. Hemelytron: Dull, satiny tan to pale brown, outer half of clavus and apical fourth of corium darker dull brown; cuneus, inner margin of corium bordering membrane, and embolium polished, cuneus dark reddish brown; membrane dark brown, with a transparent area bordering cuneus. Ventral surface: Thorax dark brown; abdomen fuscous to nearly black. Ostiolar evaporative area: Pale or white. Legs: Coxae pale or whitish, all bases and apex of procoxae brown to reddish brown; femora brown to reddish brown, with basal l/3 of middle and hind femora pale; tibiae brown to reddish brown, pale on apical l/3 to l/2; tarsi and claws pale brown. Ostiolar evaporative area: Uniformly white.

Structure, texture, and vestiture: Head: Shiny, frons finely, transversely rugose. Labium: Extending to bases of middle coxae. Antenna: Segment I nearly glabrous, with a few long, erect setae; segment II slender basally, gradually enlarging toward apex to thickness equal with segment I, pubescence dense, short, and recumbent. Pronotum: Disc smooth, polished, strongly convex; calli rugose, narrowed anterior part transversely striate; clothed with sparsely set, recumbent, simple setae. Scutellum: Rugose, weakly convex, with a row of silvery scale-like setae across base. Hemelytron: Clothed with three bands of silvery, scale-like setae, a narrow one across base of clavus (and continuous onto scutellum), a short narrow one across apical third of clavus, and a broad one across apical half of corium near apex of clavus, intermixed with several irregular patches of silvery scale-like setae on basal half of corium along embolium and apical half of clavus, intermixed with scattered, stout, erect, black, bristle-like setae on clavus and corium. Ventral surface: Shiny dark brown to fuscous, with a dull, alutaceous patch across middle l/2 of 2nd visible abdominal segment; glabrous except for a few scattered, long, erect, simple setae on abdomen.

Male genitalia: Male aperture large, lacking spines or processes. Left paramere (Fig. 263) with apex twisted, beak-like; basal process three-pronged, comb-like process varying from that Figured to slightly longer and more slender. Right paramere (Fig. 265) with main stem stout, lateral arm long, slender, dorsally directed, apically crenulate, base a short, minor process arising near middle. Phallotheca (Fig. 264) with apex ending in a recurved hook.

Brachypterous female (n = 10; holotype measurements of P. brachyptera in parentheses): Length to apex of abdomen 2.60–3.12 mm (2.75 mm), length to base of cuneus 2.00–2.21 mm (2.00 mm), width 0.92-1.08 mm (1.07 mm). Head: Width 0.76–0.84 mm (0.80 mm), interocular width 0.40–0.44 mm (0.40 mm). Labium: Length 1.02–1.10 mm (1.04 mm). Antenna: Segment I, length 0.20–0.22 mm (missing); II, 0.56–0.60 mm (missing); III, 0.36 mm (missing); IV, 0.36 mm (missing). Pronotum: Length 0.62-0.70 mm (0.64 mm), basal width 0.60–0.66 mm (0.58 mm). Coloration and structure similar to that of male, except as noted below.

Structure, texture, and vestiture: Labium: Extending to bases of hind coxae. Pronotum: Much more quadrate than male, disc strongly convex with a deep cleft through middle; flattened, collar-like, anterior area transversely striate. Hemelytron: Brachypterous, claval suture absent, except apically in some specimens, clavus defined only by darker brown coloration on outer half; cuneus abbreviated on apical third, membrane reduced, not exceeding apex of abbreviated cuneus; cuneus, membrane, and embolium polished; abdomen broadly rounded, with apical four segments exposed beyond hemelytron. Ventral surface and legs: Much as in males.

Described and known only from Arizona.

Polhemus and Polhemus (1985) associated P. brachyptera with the mistletoe Phoradendron californicum Nutt. [Viscaceae] growing on Prosopis spp. [Fabaceae] in Arizona. A. G. Wheeler and I, however, have collected numerous specimens on mesquite (Prosopis sp.) lacking mistletoe. Our observations and the numerous other records given below, some with nymphs, indicate that Prosopis spp. are the primary hosts of P. brachyptera, rather than mistletoe. This species also has been taken on Acacia greggii A. Gray (Fabaceae), Celtis ehrenbergiana (Klotzsch) Liebm. (Ulmaceae), Lycium pallidum Miers (Solanaceae), and Phoradendron californicum Nutt. (Santalaceae). Pilophoropsis brachyptera is frequently taken on the stouter twigs and branches of its host tree, where it probably preys on various soft-bodied arthropods.

Holotype (Pilophoropsis brachyptera): &, “Hot Spr[in]gs, 24–6, Ar., H. S. Barber Collector” (00162227) (USNM). Holotype (Pilophoropsis balli): ♂, “Tucson, Ar., 9–22–28, E. D. Ball” (00162226) (USNM). Paratype: USA: Arizona: Pima Co.: Rincon Mountains, 32.07611EN, 111.91722EW, 1006 m, 02 Sep 1928, A. A. Nichol (Paratype of Pilophoropsis balli), 1♂ (00374969) (CNC). Catal[ina] Springs, 15-4, E. A. Schwarz (paratype of P. balli), 1♂ (00285695) (USNM).

USA: Arizona: Maricopa Co.: Fort McDowell, 33.63667EN, 111.67389EW, 13 Oct 1982, J. T. Polhemus, on mistletoe growing on Prosopis sp., 2♀♀ (00138474, 00138475) (JTP). Verde R. at Hwy. 87, CL1632, vi–2–81, J. T. Polhemus, taken on mistletoe growing on Prosopis sp., 1♂ (1 nymph) (JTP). Ft. McDowell, VIII–10–82, J. T. Polhemus, 3♀♀ (JTP). Pima Co.: 4 mi S of Interstate 10, along Rt 82 [sic; Rt 83], 31.95003EN, 110.66844EW, 1143 m, 02 Jun 1997, T. J. Henry and A. G Wheeler, Jr., Prosopis sp. (Fabaceae), 1 nymph (00285703), 3♀♀ (00285705-00285707) (USNM). 6 mi SE of Continental, 31.79796EN, 110.89233EW, 1084 m, 03 Jul 1958, W. F. Barr, 1♂ (00374970) (CNC). 14 mi W of Three Points, 32.03542EN, 111.54426EW, 948 m, 15 Aug 1988, W. F. Barr, Celtis ehrenbergiana (Klotzsch) Liebm. (Ulmaceae), 1♀ (00374971), 1 nymph (00374972) (CNC). Arivaca Lake, 2.7 mi SE of Arivaca, 31.52551EN, 111.2546EW, 1067 m, 19 Apr 1982, M. D. Schwartz, Prosopis juliflora (Fabaceae), 1♀ (00138472) (AMNH). Lower Santa Rita Range, near Sahuarita, 31.79705EN, 110.77413EW, 1463 m, 11 Apr 1989, T. J. Henry and A. G Wheeler, Jr., Prosopis sp. (Fabaceae), 1♀ (00285714), 1♂ (00285715) (USNM). NE Tucson, foothills of Sta. Catalina Mts., trail to Lower Sabino Dam East Picnic Area, 32.31408EN, 110.81149EW, 823 m, 27 Sep 1988, M. D. Schwartz, Celtis ehrenbergiana (Klotzsch) Liebm. (Ulmaceae), 1♂ (00138452), 3♀♀ (00138453-00138455), 1 nymph (00138456) (AMNH). Sabino Canyon, Tucson, 32.31011EN, 110.82122EW, 832 m, 16 May 1953, A. and H. Dietrich, 1♂ (00286347) (CUIC). Santa Catalina Mountains, Finger Rock Canyon, 32.3419EN, 110.90947EW, 985 m, 07 May 1988, W. A. Jones, Acacia greggii (Fabaceae), 2♀♀ (00285712, 00285713) (USNM). Santa Catalina Mountains, Ventana Canyon Trail, 32.33194EN, 110.86388EW, 30 Aug 1998, M. D. Schwartz, Lycium pallidum (Solanaceae), 1♂ (00374979), 2♀♀ (00374977, 00374978), 1 nymph (00374976) (CNC). Santa Catalina Mountains on Finger Rock Canyon Trail, T12S R14E, 32.35091EN, 110.9015EW, 1128 m, 05 Apr 1981, M. D. Schwartz, Lycium sp. (Solanaceae), 1♂ (00138473) (AMNH). Santa Rita Exp[erimental]. Range, 31.88166EN, 110.86569EW, 985 m, 16 Apr 1990, W. A. Jones, Phoradendron californicum (Santalaceae), 1 nymph (00285708), 3♀♀ (00285709-00285711) (USNM). Santa Rita Mountains, Madera Cyn., 31.74251EN, 110.88533EW, 1341 m, 22 Aug 1989, W. A. Jones, 1♂ (00285718) (USNM). Tortolito Mountains, 32.4266EN, 111.08935EW, 762 m, 22 Apr 1982, M. D. Schwartz, Prosopis juliflora (Fabaceae), 2♀♀ (00138469, 00138470) (AMNH). Tortolito Mountains, 32.46648EN, 111.06777EW, 914 m, 22 Apr 1982, M. D. Schwartz, Prosopis juliflora (Fabaceae), 1♂ (00286348) (CUIC). Tucson, Santa Catalina Mountains, Bear Creek near Saddleback Dr, 32.325EN, 110.79083EW, 26 Feb 1995, M. D. Schwartz, Phoradendron sp. (Santalaceae), 1♂ (00374974), 1♀ (00374973), 1 nymph (00374975) (CNC). USDA Lab., Tucson, 32.27611EN, 110.94019EW, 720 m, 08 Apr 1989, T. J. Henry and A. G Wheeler, Jr., Prosopis sp. (Fabaceae), 1♀ (00285716), 1♂ (00285717) (USNM).

This species (Figs 76–78) is distinguished by the posterior band of silvery scale-like setae bordering the cuneal fracture and the male genitalia, particularly the long, slender middle process of the left paramere (Fig. 266), the expanded, T-shaped apex of the lateral arm on the right paramere (Fig. 268), and the long, slender apical process of the phallotheca (Fig. 267).

Male (n = 2; holotype measurements in parentheses): Length 2.85 mm (2.98 mm), width 0.99 mm (1.01 mm). Head: Width 0.69 mm (0.70 mm), interocular width 0.30 mm (0.31 mm). Labium: Length 1. 04 mm (1.09 mm). Antenna: Segment I, length 0.21 mm (0.21 mm); II, 0.59 mm (0.61 mm); III, 0.30 mm (0.33 mm); IV, missing (0.35 mm). Pronotum: Length 0.72 mm (0.72 mm), basal width 0.86 mm (0.91 mm).

Coloration: Head: Dark brown, clypeus, jugum, lorum, and area around base of antenna paler brown. Antenna: Segment I pale brown with a dark reddishbrown band on anterior and inner surface near base; segments II– IV dark brown; apex of II, apical half of III, and IV swollen. Pronotum: dark brown, anterior area around collar more yellow or yellowish brown. Scutellum: Pale yellowish brown. Hemelytron: Brown, with inner margin of clavus and basal half of corium inside radial vein pale yellowish brown, cuneus reddish; membrane uniformly brown;. Legs: Coxae pale yellow or whitish, with a few red marks apically; femora reddish brown, middle and hind femora pale on basal fourth; tibiae reddish brown on basal third to half, pale yellow beyond; tarsi pale yellow; claws pale brown. Ventral surface: Uniformly reddish brown, abdominal patch paler brown. Ostiolar evaporative area: White, weakly tinged with red dorsally.

Structure, texture, and vestiture: Labium: Extending to apices of middle coxae. Pronotum: Shiny, impunctate; narrowed anterior area around calli granulate, disk smooth. Scutellum: Base partially hidden by base of pronotum; lacking scale-like setae. Hemelytron: Embolium and cuneus polished, remainder of corium dull; corium and base of cuneus with numerous stout, black, bristle-like setae, clavus with six or more short, transverse bands of silvery scale-like setae, outer margin of corium bordering embolium with two short transverse bands, one on basal third and one at middle, apex of corium bordering cuneus with a large transverse band of silvery scale-like setae disjunct at middle (Figs 76, 77).

Male genitalia: Aperture of capsule smooth, lacking spines or processes. Left paramere (Fig. 266) with beak-like process more quadrate; basal process with a long, slender apex. Right paramere (Fig. 268) with lateral arm T-shaped apically. Phallotheca (Fig. 267) with a long, curved, apically acute process.

Macropterous female (n = 4): Length to apex of abdomen 2.46–2.85 mm, length to base of cuneus 1.98–2.18 mm, width 1.04–1.10 mm. Head: Width 0.69–0.75 mm, interocular width 0.35–0.42 mm. Labium: Length 1.06–1.14 mm. Antenna: Segment I, length 0.19–0.22 mm; II, 0.58–0.61 mm; III, 0.32–0.35 mm; IV, 0.30–0.35 mm. Pronotum: Length 0.61–0.72 mm, basal width 0.74–0.85 mm. Color and structure much as in males, including the structure of the pronotum and hemelytra, with the membrane only slightly more abbreviated than fully developed males.

Named “cunealis” to denote the posterior band of silvery scale-like setae along the cuneal fracture, a character unique among species of the genus.

Acacia cochliacantha Humb. & Bonpl. ex. Willd. [Fabaceae].

Known only from Oaxaca, Mexico.

unlike the strongly modified females of other species in the genus, such as P. brachyptera, females of P. cunealis are almost fully macropterous as in males, except for the slightly abbreviated hemelytral membrane and, in one case, a slightly more shortened cuneus.

Holotype ♂: MEXICO: Oaxaca: Puerto Escondido, 15 Jul 1985, Jones, Schaffner, Acacia cochliacantha (Fabaceae) (00286346) (TAMU). Paratypes: MEXICO: Oaxaca: Puerto Escondido, 15 Jul 1985, Jones, Schaffner, Acacia cochliacantha (Fabaceae) 1♂, 3♀♀ (1 5th instar) (00167516-00167517) 2♀♀ TAM; (0016228) 1♂, (00162229) 1♀ USNM). 2.1 mi. NW Totolpan, July 11–17, 1981, Bogar, Schaffner, and Friedlander, 1♀ (00167518) (TAMU).

This species (Figs 79–81) is recognized by a narrow band of silvery scale-like setae across the base of the clavus, the more irregular, scattered patches on the apical half of the clavus, and another broken, transverse band on the basal half of the corium about level with the apex of the scutellum; and the male genitalia, particularly the stout basal processes of the left paramere with an adjacent slender spine (Fig. 269), the three lateral arms of the right paramere (Fig. 271), and the long, recurved, somewhat flattened, apical process of the phallotheca (Fig. 270).

Male (n = 2; holotype in parentheses): Length 3.20–3.32 mm (3.20 mm), width 1.01–1.04 mm (1.06 mm). Head: Width 0.68–0.78 mm (0.72 mm), interocular width 0.28–0.35 mm (0.32 mm). Labium: Length 1.08–1.20 mm (1.20 mm). Antenna: Segment I, length 0.20–0.23 mm (0.22 mm); II, 0.56–0.61 mm (0.62 mm); III, 0.36–0.38 mm (0.35 mm); IV, 0.36 mm (0.38 mm). Pronotum: Length 0.68–0.73 mm (0.72 mm), basal width 0.92–1.00 mm (0.96 mm).

Coloration: Head: Shiny dark brown to reddish brown. Antenna: Segment I pale brown, with a red U-shaped mark at base; segments II–IVdark brown. Pronotum: Shiny dark brown to reddish brown. Hemelytron: Corium dull yellowish brown, darker on distal half; clavus dark yellowish brown, paler along scutellar margin; cuneus and apex of embolium shiny reddish brown Ventral surface: Shiny reddish brown; glaucous abdominal stridulatory patch paler; nearly glabrous. Ostiolar evaporative area: Pale or white. Legs: Coxae whitish, fore coxae red apically, hind coxae brown at base; femora brown to reddish brown, middle and hind femora pale on basal halves; tibiae brown, fore and midddle tibiae pale on apical thirds; tarsi and claws pale brown.

Structure, texture, and vestiture: Head: Shiny, weakly rugose on frons. Labium: Extending to hind coxae. Antenna: Segment II slender, gradually thickening to apex, weakly pubescent on basal half, more thickly set with recumbent pale setae on apical half. Pronotum: Shiny, disc impunctate, calli weakly granulate and weakly depressed between, narrow anterior collar-like area weakly transversely striate; sparsely set with widely separated, recumbent, pale setae. Scutellum: Dark brown, with a narrow band of silvery scale-like setae through middle. Hemelytron: Clothed with bands and patches of silvery scale-like setae, including a band across base of clavus (and continuous onto scutellum), four short bands on apical half of clavus, three short patches on basal third of corium adjacent to embolium, and a large patch across apical third of corium ending before claval suture; intermixed on corium and clavus with widely set, stout, erect, black, bristle-like setae; membrane smoky brown, shiny along base (and beneath rubbed pubescent areas). Ventral surface: Thorax glabrous; abdomen with a few erect and semierect setae.

Male genitalia: Aperture large, without spines or processes. Left paramere (Fig. 269) with a triangular beak-like apical process and two basal processes, one stout and recurved (with a short basal spine) and the other long, slender, and needle-like. Right paramere (Fig. 271) with stout C-shaped trunk and three lateral arms, two relatively short, distally acute, and one larger, recurving behind main trunk. Phallotheca (Fig. 270) slender, ending in a long, slender, somewhat flattened, recurving spine.

Brachypterous female (n = 2): Length to apex of abdomen 2.96–3.12 mm, length to base of cuneus 2.08–2.11 mm, width 1.02–1.16 mm. Head: Width 0.80–0.82 mm, interocular width 0.40–0.42 mm. Labium: Length 1.10 mm (1 specimen obscured in glue). Antenna: Segment I, length 0.20–0.22 mm; II 0.62–0.66 mm; III, 0.38 mm (missing on 1 specimen); IV, 0.38 mm (missing on 1 specimen). Pronotum: Length 0.62–0.66 mm, basal width 0.66–0.70 mm.

Coloration: Similar to male.

Structure, texture, and vestiture: Labium: Extending to bases of middle coxae. Pronotum: Quadrate, disc smooth, shiny, transversely rugose along decurved posterior edge, calli shiny, cleft between, flattened, anterior, collar-like area transversely striate. Scutellum: Transversely rugose, with a band of silvery scale-like setae across base. Hemelytron: Narrowed basally, widening toward truncate apex; claval suture absent, fusing clavus and corium; cuneus abbreviated on apical third, membrane reduced to level of cuneus, truncate apex shallowly emarginate, cuneus, membrane, and embolium polished; lateral margins and apical three segments of abdomen exposed beyond hemelytron; silvery scale-like bands and patches much as in male, including three distinct patches on basal third of corium along embolium.

Described and previously known only from Arizona. Mexico (Jalisco) is a new country record.

One specimen taken on desert willow, Chilopsis linearis (Cav.) Sweet. [Bignoniaceae].

The genitalia illustrated for P. nicholi are based on a male from Jalisco, Mexico. Although these Figures are very similar to Knight’s (1968) illustrations, they differ slightly because of the angle they were drawn. The left paramere in Knight’s (1968) drawing shows the needle-like basal process appearing to originate from the main trunk, but it actually arises from the base of the stouter process, as in my illustration. Also, the right paramere in Knight’s (1968) illustration shows only two lateral arms or spines. If the right paramere is turned up slightly and counter clockwise, three processes can be seen; the lowermost arm curls back behind the main trunk when viewed caudally, making it difficult to see. The apex of the phallotheca, as illustrated by Knight (1968), and my illustration are similar, though the recurved apex in the holotype appears even more flattened than shown in Knight’s (1968) or my illustration. At this time, I consider all of this material conspecific.

Holotype ♂: USA: Arizona: Santa Rita Mtns., alt.4500 ft., Sept. 9, 1925, A. A. Nichol (00285699) (USNM).

MEXICO: Jalisco: Puerto Vallarta, 8 Dec. 1984, G. E. Bohart, 1♂ (USNM). USA: Arizona: Santa Rita Mts., 16 May 1928, A. A. Nichol, 1♀ (USNM). Santa Rita Mts., 9 May 1929, E. D. Ball, 1♀(00285702) (USNM). Pena Blanca [Santa Cruz Co.], 2 July 1949, L. A. Lindsay on desert willow, 1♂ (00285701) (USNM).

This species (Figs 82, 83) is recognized by the general dark color, the wide band of silvery scale-like setae transversing the corium level with the apex of the clavus, and the male genitalia, particularly the left paramere (Fig. 272) with three middle processes, the stout, bifurcate lateral arm of the right paramere (Figs 274, 275), and the unique recurved apical process of the phallotheca (Fig. 273).

Male (n = 2; holotype measurements in parentheses): Length 3.16 mm (3.30 mm), width 0.96 mm (1.04 mm). Head: Width 0.74 mm (0.75 mm); interocular width 0.33 mm (0.34 mm). Labium: Length 1.14 mm (1.18 mm). Antenna: Segment I, length 0.20 mm (0.20 mm); II, 0.55 mm (0.57 mm); III, 0.34 mm (0.35 mm); IV, 0. 38 mm (missing). Pronotum: Length 0.69 mm (0.70 mm); basal width 0.91 mm (0.94 mm).

Coloration: Head: Dark brown to fuscous, paler brown along inner margin of eyes and around antennal bases. Antenna: Segment I brown, with a narrow fuscous stripe and a red spot on inner surface, segments II–IV uniformly dark brown or fuscous. Pronotum: Dark brown. Scutellum: Dark brown to fuscous. Hemelytron: Clavus and corium dull yellowish brown, becoming darker posteriorly; embolium and cuneus shiny reddish brown. Ventral surface: Reddish brown to fuscous; glaucous abdominal stridulatory patch pale. Ostiolar evaporative area: Uniformly white. Legs: Fore coxa white with base narrowly infuscated and apex red tinged, middle coxa white with base infuscated, hind coxa uniformly white; fore femora dark brown, middle and hind femora dark brown with basal thirds whitish; tibiae dark brown, becoming paler on apical thirds; tarsi and claws brown.

Structure, texture, and vestiture: Labium: Extending to bases of middle coxae. Pronotum: Anterior third, granulate, narrowed, sloping toward head, calli indistinct, flattened; posterior two thirds strongly convex, polished, impunctate, basal angles flared. Scutellum: With a band of silvery scale-like setae across base. Hemelytra: Dull area with two distinct bands of silvery, scale-like setae, a narrow one across base of clavus and through scutellum and a broad one across corium at level with apex of clavus, also with 6 patches of silvery scale-like setae, two at emboliar margin on basal half of corium and four on clavus; intermixed with scattered, stout, erect, black, bristle-like setae on dull areas of clavus and corium. Ventral surface: Shiny, with scattered erect and semierect simple setae on abdomen.

Male genitalia: Left paramere (Fig. 272) with three apically acute and one slender basal processes; right paramere (Figs 274, 275) with a bifurcate lateral arm having two small processes arising at base; phallotheca (Fig. 273) stout, with a thick, decurved, beak-like apical process.

Macroperous female: (n = 1): Length 3.00 mm, width 1.11 mm. Head: Width 0.78 mm, interocular width 0.39 mm. Labium: Length 1.24 mm, extending to middle coxae. Antenna: Segment I, 0.21 mm; II, 0.61 mm; III, 0.38 mm; IV, 0.36 mm. Pronotum: Length 0.62 mm, basal width 0.88 mm.

Brachypterous female (n = 3): Length to apex of abdomen 2.65–2.75 mm, length to base of cuneus 2.14–2.24 mm, width 1.00–1.05 mm. Head: Width 0.78–0.79 mm, interocular width 0.40 mm. Labium: 1.18–1.20 mm, extending nearly to bases of hind coxae. Antenna: Segment I, length 0.20 mm; II, 0.86–0.87 mm; III, 0.31–0.35 mm; IV, 0.33–0.36 mm. Pronotum: Length 0.53–0.59 mm, basal width 0.70–0.74 mm.

This species is named for the generic name of its host.

Known only from Arizona.

All specimens of the type series were collected on Mexican blue oak, Quercus oblongifolia Torr. (Fagaceae).

Holotype ♂: USA: Arizona: Cochise Co.: Huachuca Mountains, Ash Canyon Road, nr. Rt. 92, S. Sierra Vista, 31.55454EN, 110.30369EW, 1646 m, 04 Jun 1997, T. J. Henry and A. G Wheeler, Jr., Quercus oblongifolia Torr. (Fagaceae) (00285722) (USNM). Paratypes: USA: Arizona: Cochise Co.: Huachuca Mountains, Ash Canyon Road, Jct. 92, 31.38938EN, 110.23033EW, 1539 m, 05 Jun 1997, T. J. Henry and A. G Wheeler, Jr., Quercus oblongifolia Torr. (Fagaceae), 1♂ (00285723) 2♀♀ (00285724, 00285725) (USNM).

This species (Figs 84, 85) is recognized by the band of silvery scale-like setae bordering the cuneal fracture and the male genitalia with the unique basal process of the left paramere (Fig. 276), the short, bifid lateral arm of the right paramere (Figs 278, 279), and decurved apical hook on the phallotheca (Fig. 277).

Male (n = 1): Length 3.20 mm, width about 1.20 mm (hemelytra spread). Head: Width 0.72 mm, interocular width 0.26 mm. Labium: Length 1.06 mm. Antenna: Segment I, length 0.20 mm; II, 0.62 mm; III, 0.34 mm; IV, 0.34 mm. Pronotum: Length 0.70 mm, basal width 0.98 mm.

Coloration: Head: Brown, darker reddish brown across vertex and red on clypeus. Antenna: Segment I brown, with a large red blotch on basal third and a more narrow red mark on apical third touching apex; segment II reddish brown; segments III and IV reddish brown. Pronotum: Reddish brown. Hemelytron: Dull tan to brown, darker brown outside radial vein, on outer half of clavus, and apical third of corium, cuneus and apex of embolium reddish brown. Ventral surface: Reddish brown. Ostiolar evaporative area: White, with central knob at end of scent channel red tinged. Legs: Coxae pale to whitish, fore coxae red on apical half, bases of middle and hind coxae brown to reddish brown; all legs missing except one hind leg, femur reddish brown, pale at base; tibia reddish brown, pale on apical half; tarsus and claw pale brown.

Structure, texture, and vestiture: Head: Shiny, rugose on frons, with relatively, short pale, recumbent, brown setae. Labium: Extending to bases of middle coxae. Antenna: Segment II slender, only slightly thickened out to clavate apex, apex 2X diameter of base; segment III slender on basal half, thickened apically; segment IV uniformly thickened, fusiform, diameter equal to apical thickness of III. Pronotum: Disc polished, narrow anterior area across calli granulate, narrow anterior collar-like area merged with calli, posterior angles flared, with a small depressed area just inside posterior margin, setae pale, recumbent, sparse; scutellum dark brown, only two individual scale-like setae present. Hemelytron: Cuneus, embolium, and base of membrane polished; clothed with two bands of silvery scale-like setae, one across base of clavus and a broken one bordering cuneal fracture, and also with two patches on basal half of corium adjacent to embolium, and one narrow band and several (3-4) small patches on apical third of clavus, intermixed on clavus and corium with widely set, stout, erect, black, bristle-like setae. Ventral surface: Shiny, abdomen with long, erect and semierect pale brown setae.

Male genitalia: Genital aperture large, unarmed. Left paramere (Fig. 276) with triangular, beak-like apical process and a broad basal process with long slender arm extending outward. Right paramere (Figs 278, 279) with a slender mainstem and a large, apically flared, lateral arm. Phallotheca (Fig. 277) slender, with a short, sharply recurved, apical hook.

Female (n = 3; holotype measurements in parentheses): Length 2.36–2.64 mm (2.55 mm), width 1.04 mm [hemelytra spread on one specimen] (1.04 mm). Head: Width 0.74–0.78 mm (0.77 mm), interocular width 0.40-0.44 mm (0.43 mm). Labium: Length 0.96–1.02 mm (0.96 mm). Antenna: Segment I, length 0.20 mm (0.19 mm); II, 0.50–0.56 mm (0.54 mm); III, 0.30 mm (0.29 mm); IV, 0.32 mm (missing). Pronotum: Length 0.62–0.70 mm (0.66 mm), basal width 0.74–0.80 mm (0.80 mm). Coloration and structure similar to that of male, except as noted below.

Coloration: Pronotum: Reddish brown, paler brown anteriorly. Scutellum: Dark brown to fuscous. Hemeytron: Dull tan to brown.

Structure, texture, and vestiture: Labium: Extending to hind coxae. Pronotum: Much more quadrate than in male, disc convex, shiny, finely punctate or granulate, anterior half across calli narrowed into a thickened, rugose, neck-like area; pubescence on disc sparse and short, more thickly set and longer setae on anterior half. Scutellum: Scale-like pubescence absent or rubbed. Hemelytron: Apex extending to end of abdomen; silvery scale-like patches and bands, intermixed with stout, bristle-like setae as in male; cuneus shortened but appearing fully developed (triangular), membrane shortened, extending to apex of abdomen; cuneus, embolium, and membrane polished.

Males and females in this genus are difficult to associate without field-associated specimens. Comparison of the holotype female’s hemelytral setal pattern and distinctive antennal shape with a male intercepted from San Pedro [Coahuila or Vera Cruz?], Mexico, makes me reasonably certain they are conspecific. One male from Rio Hondo, Oaxaca (listed below), is in poor condition (hemelytra detached; one missing) and the genitalia are embedded in glue on a separate card. This specimen also is very similar externally to the feHolotype male, although there is some subtle variation in the parameres. Nevertheless, I am tentatively labeling it as P. texana as well. Externally, P. texana is almost indistinguishable from P. cunealis, but the male genitalia are quite different, especially the basal process of the left paramere and the distinctive apex of the phallotheca.

Described and previously known only from Brownsville, Texas (USA). Coahuila, Oaxaca, and Vera Cruz represent the first state records for Mexico.

No definite host known. Intercepted specimens on Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae.

Holotype ♀: USA: Texas: Cameron Co.: “Esp[e]r[an]za, R[an]ch, Brownsville, Tex.” (CU).

MEXICO: [Coahuila?]: San Pedro, #1997, with Orchidaceae, 1♂ (00285721) (USNM). Oaxaca: 3.3 mi E of Rio Hondo, 16.43332EN, 95.76663EW, 05 Aug 1980, Schaffner, Weaver, Friedlander, 1♂ (00286356) (USNM). Veracruz: intercepted in Texas, 20 Mar 1962, ex bromeliads, 1♀ (00286355) (USNM). unknown, 20 Mar 1962, APHIS port inspector, bromeliads, 1♂ (00285720) (USNM).

Pilophoropsita schaffneri Henry, sp. n.

This new genus is distinguished by the large eyes occupying nearly 80% of the dorsal head width in males (and more than 50% in females), the short labial segment I extending only slightly beyond the base of the head, the modified pronotum having a shiny swollen disc and a short neck-like anterior lobe, and the mostly dull hemelytron having only the embolium and cuneus polished and evenly distributed, scale-like setae intermixed with long, erect, simple setae. Females, unlike those of Pilophoropsis and Pilophoropsidea, are fully macropterous.

Male and females macropterous. Length of males 2.66–2.99 mm; length of females 2.56–2.88 mm. Head broader than long; posterior margin truncate, distinctly carinate, basal margin of vertex weakly indented medially; eyes large, grainy, more so in males, occupying more than 80♂ of dorsal width in males, more than 50♂ in females, laterally occupying 100♂ of height in males, nearly 100♂ in females with only vertex narrowly visible; frontal area relatively narrow and weakly rounded, clypeus moderately acute, short, partially visible in dorsal aspect; buccula narrow, labial segment I readily visible, extending very slightly beyond base of head, labium extending to posterior margin of sternum or bases of middle coxae. Antennal segment I shortest and thinnest, II longest, III and IV subequal, segment II–IV subequally thick. Pronotum narrowed anteriorly across area of calli into a slender, unarmed, neck-like area, calli smooth; posterior lobe trapeziform, shiny, impunctate or very finely and sparsely punctate to alutaceous, swollen above level of head and hemelytra, lateral margins and base weakly convex; mesoscutum hidden by base of pronotum; scutellum flat, equilateral, base narrowly covered by base of pronotum, with a thick band of silvery, scale-like setae across basal half, intermixed with long, erect, simple setae. Hemelytron generally dull or satiny, with the embolium and cuneus shiny or polished, lateral margins parallel, evenly clothed with silvery, scale-like setae, intermixed on clavus and corium with scattered, long, erect simple setae; membrane entire, with two closed cells. Ventral surface shiny; ostiolar auricle mostly red tinged, bordered by white, without raised knob on channel; second visible abdominal segment with a dull or glaucous patch ventrally. Legs unmodified; parempodia fleshy, convergent apically. Male genital aperture moderately large, round, unarmed around margins. Parameres complex as most members of Renodaeus group; left paramere with an elongate, beak-like apical process and a short, grooved process at middle; right paramere with a long, stout, lateral arm curved upward at apex; phallotheca elongate, with a long, slender, recurved, apical process; endosoma unmodified.

The name of this new genus is formed from the combination of the generic name Pilophoropsis and the suffix “ita”, meaning little or small one in Spanish, and is used to imply a close relationship of this new genus to members of the Pilophoropsis-Renodaeus group. The gender is feminine.

This new genus superficially resembles members of the genus Zanchisme in having a narrow anterior neck-like area on the pronotum. In Pilophoropsita, the neck-like area is short, smooth, and unarmed, whereas in Zanchisme it is more extensively raised, especially on the anterior margin and is armed with a pair of tubercles (though sometimes only weakly developed) or spines. Also, in Pilophoropsita, the head is broader than long, with proportionately large eyes, and the hemelytra have evenly scattered scale-like setae; in Zanchisme the head is elongate and rounded and the hemelytra have distinct transverse bands of scale-like setae. Pilophoropsita is most similar to Ceratocapsidea, Pilophoropsidea, and Renodaeus in having scattered scale-like setae on the hemelytra.

This species (Figs 86–88) can be recognized by the small size and characters given under the generic description, including the narrowed anterior lobe of the pronotum, scattered scale-like setae on the hemelytra, and the male genitalia (Figs 283–285).

Male (n = 8; holotype measurements in parentheses): Length 2.66–2.99 mm (2.85 mm); width 0.94–1.05 mm (0.96 mm). Head: Width 0.75–0.77 mm (0.75 mm); interocular width 0.14–0.16 mm (0.14 mm). Labium: Length 0.90–1.02 mm (0.98 mm). Antenna: Segment I, length 0.20–0.21 mm (0.20 mm); II, 0.56–0.60 mm (0.57 mm); III, 0.31–0.35 mm (0. 35 mm); IV, 0.33–0.35 mm (0.33 mm). Pronotum: Length 0.59–0.62 mm (0.59 mm), basal width 0.90–0.96 mm (0.91 mm); anterior width 0.42–0.43 mm (0.43 mm).

Coloration: Overall coloration dark reddish brown. Head: Dark reddish brown. Labium: Brown, segment I more reddish brown. Antennae: Segment I pale brown, with a nearly U-shaped red mark arising from base; segments II–IV dark brown. Pronotum: Dark reddish brown. Scutellum: Dull reddish brown. Hemelytron: Dull yellowish brown on clavus and inner half of corium, shiny reddish brown on outer half of corium, embolium and cuneus; membrane smoky brown. Ventral surface: Shiny reddish brown; glaucous stridulatory patch on abdomen pale, with a bluish luster. Ostiolar evaporative area: Reddish, narrowly white along posterior margin. Legs: Fore coxa pale brown, tinged with red, middle and hind coxae pale or whitish; femora reddish brown, basal third of middle and hind femora pale; tibiae reddish brown, apical half of fore and middle tibiae pale; tarsi pale brown, claws darker brown.

Structure, texture, and vestiture: Head: Shiny, impunctate, frons weakly rugose. Labium: Extending to bases of middle coxae. Pronotum: Shiny; posterior lobe finely punctate; anterior lobe weakly transversely rugose. Scutellum: Thickly covered with silvery scale-like setae on basal half and with 6 or more long, erect, pale, simple setae. Hemelytron: Uniformly clothed with silvery scale-like setae on clavus, corium, embolium, and paracuneus, intermixed with long, erect, pale brown, simple setae on clavus and corium.

Male genitalia: Left paramere (Fig. 283) with an elongate beak-like apical process and a short, apically grooved or cupped middle process. Right paramere (Fig. 285) with an elongate main stem and straight lateral arm curving upward at apex. Phallotheca (Fig. 284) elongate, with a long, slender, recurved, apical process.

Female (n = 10): Length 2.56–2.88 mm, width 0.96–1.09 mm. Head: Width 0.66–0.73 mm, interocular width 0.26–0.27 mm. Labium: 0.94–0.98 mm. Antenna: Segment I, length 0.20–0.21 mm; II, 0.51–0.56 mm; III, 0.33–0.34 mm; IV, 0.33–0.34 mm. Pronotum: Length 0.57–0.65 mm, basal width 0.86–0.94 mm, anterior width 0.43–0.46 mm. Similar to male in coloration and vestiture.

This new species is named after Dr. Joseph C. Schaffner (TAMU), who along with the late Dr. José C. M. Carvalho, first recognized it as probably representing a new genus.

Described from Costa Rica and the Mexican states of Jalisco, Nayarit, and Oaxaca.

Acacia cochliacantha Humb. & Bonpl. ex. Willd. [Fabaceae].

Holotype ♂: MEXICO: Oaxaca: Puerto Escondido, 15 Jul 1985, Jones, Schaffner, Acacia cochliacantha (Fabaceae) (00285726) (TAMU). Paratypes: COSTA RICA: Guanacaste: 14 km S of Canas, 10.318EN, 85.045EW, 16 Mar 1991–23 Mar 1991, F. D. Parker, 1♀ (00286351) (USU). MEXICO: Jalisco: Estacion de Biologia, Chamela, 19.5333EN, 105.0666EW, 16 Apr 1992, A. Gomez & A. Rodriguez, 1♂ (00286323), 1♀ (00286326) (UNAM). Puerto Vallarta, 20.62201EN, 105.22845EW, 07 Dec 1986, G. E. Bohart, 1♀ (00286350) (USU). Nayarit: Lake Station Maria del Oro, 20 mi. E., 14 mi. N. Tepic, 28 Dec 1971, R.R. and M.E. Murray, 1♀ (00286344) (TAMU). Oaxaca: 3.3 mi. E. Rio Hondo, 05 Aug 1980, Schaffner, Weaver, Friedlander, 2♂♂ (00286364, 00286365), 1♀ (00286366) (TAMU), 2♀♀ (00285736, 00285737) (USNM). Puerto Escondido, 15 Jul 1985, Jones, Schaffner, Acacia cochliacantha (Fabaceae), 2♂♂ (00285727, 00285728), 7♀♀ (00285729-00285735) (USNM); 15 Jul 1985, J. B. Woolley and G. Zolnerowich, 1♂ (00286345), 3♀♀ (00286367-00286369) Acacia cochliacantha (Fabaceae), 1 (?sex) (00286307), 15♀♀ (00286308-00286322) (TAMU); 11 Jul 1987–12 Jul 1987, Kovarik and Schaffner, 2♀♀ (00286362, 00286363) (TAMU).

MEXICO: Quintana Roo: San Isidro, Puerto Morelos, 09 Aug 1982, M. Garcia, 1♀ (00286329) (UNAM).

This genus is recognized by the constricted, punctate hemelytron with patches of golden scale-like setae and bands of silvery scale-like setae on the clavus and corium, the punctate pronotum (at least on posterior half), the heavily punctate clavus and basal half of corium, the finely punctate cuneus, and the row of file-like, tiny black spicules (stridulitrum) along the edge of the costal margin in males and females.

Length 2.60–3.30 mm. Myrmecomorphic. Males and females macropterous. Head declivent, subtriangular in dorsal aspect, ventrally flattened in lateral aspect, basal margin truncate, vertex with a distinct smooth carina, basal margin of eyes level with base of vertex, frons granulate or punctate, clypeus not or hardly visible in dorsal aspect; eyes moderately large, combined widths occupying about half dorsal width of head in males, about two thirds in females, oblong oval in lateral aspect; segment I of labium extending beyond gular sulcus by about half its length, visible below buccula in lateral aspect, extending to middle coxae or beyond. Antenna generally slender, segment I shortest, II longest, slender basally, gradually enlarging to apex which is sometimes clavate, apex subequal to diameter of segments III and IV; III and IV fusiform. Pronotum strongly convex, with a narrow but distinct collar, middle of disc higher than level of head in lateral aspect; in males trapeziform, lateral margins sulcate, humeral angles flared and depressed adjacent to posterior angles, basal margin rounded; in females subquadrate, lateral margins nearly straight, humeral angles weakly flared; scutellum equilateral, base covered by posterior margin of pronotum. Hemelytron: polished, constricted at middle of corium, widest across level of cuneus; corium and clavus with predominately golden, scale-like setae, sometimes with silvery and black scale-like setae, intermixed with long, erect, pale or black, bristle-like setae on clavus, corium, and along inner margin of cuneus; deeply punctured on clavus and middle area of corium, with very fine, scattered punctures on cuneus; costal edge in both sexes with a row of tiny black spicules, possibly serving as a stridulatory file (stridulitrum); membrane entire. Ventral surface shiny; ostiolar area pale to whitish, with a raised knob at end of scent channel; glue obscuring base of abdomen (i.e., cannot determine presence of dull or glaucous patch). Legs unmodified, except hind femur in female sometimes thickened on apical half and narrowed at apex; hind tibiae roughened and armed with two rows of tiny spicules, possibly serving as the plectrum during stridulation. Male aperture large, unarmed, genitalia as illustrated (Figs 286–291).

As previously noted by Knight (1926), this genus was originally described by Distant (1893) as an aberrant pyrrhocorid. Knight’s (1926) description of Renodaeus as having Ceratocapsus-like antennae and a head and pronotum like those of Pilophorus, convinced him that it did not belong in either Ceratocapsini or Pilophorini; thus, he established the new tribe Renodaeini. Carvalho (1952, 1955, 1958), however, treated Knight’s tribe as a synonym of Pilophorini and Schuh (1995) listed it in synonymy under Orthotylini, along with Ceratocapsini. It is now clear that Renodaeus belongs in Ceratocapsini based on the male genitalia.