Annotated type catalogue of the Chrysididae (Insecta, Hymenoptera) deposited in the collection of Radoszkowski in the Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków

Paolo Rosa; Bogdan Wiśniowski; Zai-fu Xu

doi:10.3897/zookeys.486.8753

Catalogue

Annotated type catalogue of the Chrysididae (Insecta, Hymenoptera) deposited in the collection of Radoszkowski in the Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków

Paolo Rosa^‡, Bogdan Wiśniowski^§, Zai-fu Xu^|†

‡ Unaffiliated, Bernareggio, Italy

§ Ojców National Park, Ojców, Poland

| South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China

† Deceased author

Corresponding author: Paolo Rosa ( paolo.rosa@umons.ac.be )

Academic editor: Michael S. Engel

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Citation: Rosa P, Wiśniowski B, Xu Z-f (2015) Annotated type catalogue of the Chrysididae (Insecta, Hymenoptera) deposited in the collection of Radoszkowski in the Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków. ZooKeys 486: 1-100. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.486.8753

ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:27F6744E-308F-415F-A6B9-2D67B2AA4A18

Abstract

A critical and annotated catalogue of 183 types of HymenopteraChrysididae belonging to 124 taxa housed in the Radoszkowski collection is given. Radoszkowski type material from other institutes has also been checked. Six lectotypes are designated in Kraków (ISEA-PAN): Chrysis acceptabilis Radoszkowski, 1891; C. persica Radoczkowsky, 1881; C. daphnis Mocsáry, 1889; C. lagodechii Radoszkowski, 1889; C. remota Mocsáry, 1889 and C. vagans Radoszkowski, 1877. The lectotype of Brugmoia pellucida Radoszkowski, 1877 is designated in Moscow (MMU). Four new combinations are proposed: Philoctetes araraticus (Radoszkowski, 1890), comb. n.; Pseudomalus hypocrita (du Buysson, 1893), comb. n.; Chrysis eldari (Radoszkowski, 1893), comb. n.; and Chrysura mlokosewitzi (Radoszkowski, 1889), comb. n.. Ten new synonyms are given: Chrysis auropunctata Mocsáry, 1889, syn. n. of C. angolensis Radoszkovsky, 1881; C. chrysochlora Mocsáry, 1889, syn. n. and C. viridans Radoszkowski, 1891, syn. n. of C. keriensis Radoszkowski, 1887; C. angustifrons var. ignicollis Trautmann, 1926, syn. n. of C. eldari (Radoszkowski, 1893); C. maracandensis var. simulatrix Radoszkowski, 1891, syn. n. of C. maracandensis Radoszkowski, 1877; C. pulchra Radoszkovsky, 1880, syn. n. of Spinolia dallatorreana (Mocsáry, 1896); C. rubricollis du Buysson, 1900, syn. n. of C. eldari (Radoszkowski, 1893); C. subcoerulea Radoszkowski, 1891, syn. n. of C. chlorochrysa Mocsáry, 1889; C. therates Mocsáry, 1889, syn. n. of C. principalis Smith, 1874; and Notozus komarowi Radoszkowski, 1893, syn. n. of Elampus obesus (Mocsáry, 1890). One species is revaluated: Chrysis chalcochrysa Mocsáry, 1887. Chrysis kizilkumiana Rosa is the new name for C. uljanini Radoszkowski & Mocsáry, 1889 nec Radoszkowski, 1877. Pictures of seventy-seven type specimens are given.

Keywords

Chrysididae , catalogue, lectotype designation, new synonym, new combination, status revived, new name

Introduction

Oktawiusz Wincenty Bourmeister-Radoszkowski was an expert in Hymenoptera. He was born on August 7, 1820 in Łomża (Poland), as the son of a lawyer. Thanks to his teacher, Prof. Antoni Waga, he became interested in natural history, and especially in entomology. In 1838 Radoszkowski moved to St. Petersburg (Russia) and joined the Artillery Officers School. Once graduated, he had the opportunity to visit various parts of the Russian Empire and collect insects. Later, while teaching at the Artillery Academy in St. Petersburg, Radoszkowski organised private entomological meetings with some of his colleagues, mainly officers and officials of the Russian army. Together they decided to create the Russian Entomological Society, which was founded in 1859. Radoszkowski was a very active member of the Society, collecting funds for scientific trips, publications, and the library and establishing contacts with other entomological societies in Europe. He was vice-chairman of the Society from 1861 to 1866, and then Chairman from 1867 to 1879. As a retired general in 1879 Radoszkowski settled in Warsaw (Poland), where he continued his scientific work until his death on May 13, 1895 (Dylewska et al. 1973). The Radoszkowski collection currently contains nearly 30,000 specimens, including some Hymenoptera from Eduard Friedrich Eversmann’s collection, mainly Ichneumonidae.

Radoszkowski studied Chrysididae, Mutillidae, and Apoidea. He received specimens collected across the Russian Empire by officers and members of the Russian Entomological Society. Radoszkowski also exchanged insects with other European specialists (e.g. Chrysididae with du Buysson, Gribodo and Mocsáry) (P. Rosa pers. comm.). During his lifetime he wrote 112 papers, seventy-four of which related to systematics and faunistics of Hymenoptera. Radoszkowski described hundreds of new species of Hymenoptera and assigned eighty specific names to Chrysididae. Most of these specimens were kept in his collection, with a small part of chrysidids, mainly collected by Fedtschenko in Turkestan (Radoszkowski 1877), conserved in Moscow (MMU). Nevertheless, some of Fedtschenko’s specimens and types are also housed in Kraków and are easily identified by the printed labels in Cyrillic. Other types, described in other publications, and various specimens are also deposited in Berlin (MNHU), Budapest (HNHM), Genova (MSNG) and Paris (MNHN) and have been checked.

In 1898, three years after his death, Radoszkowski’s wife donated his collection to the Poznań Society of Friends of Science. In 1899, some types (duplicates from the type series, but in some cases also primary types) were given in exchange to the Zoological Museum of the University of Berlin, including a few Chrysididae. In 1902 the rest of the collection was given in exchange to the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences in Kraków, and now is housed in the Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals at the Polish Academy of Sciences (ISEA-PAN). Other Chrysididae types were sent by Radoszkowski to the most imporant authors of his time; this is the reason why many types are nowaday spread in other museums (du Buysson (MNHN), Mocsáry (HNHM), and Gribodo (MSNG)).

Within the Chrysididae family, three species names have been dedicated to Radoszkowski: Primeuchroeus radoszkowskii (Gribodo, 1879), Cleptes radoszkowskii Mocsáry, 1889, and Hedychrum radoszkowskyi du Buysson, 1893. Some additional taxa, and even some genera in different families, are also dedicated to him: Radoszkowskius (Mutillidae) and Radoszkowskiana (Megachilidae).

The Radoszkowski Chrysididae collection in Kraków is housed in four large entomological boxes and includes approximately 1,140 specimens. The collection includes 183 types of Chrysididae representing 124 taxa: seventy-one holotypes, eight lectotypes, sixty-five syntypes, and thirty-nine paralectotypes. The collection houses types described by Eversmann, du Buysson, Gribodo, Mocsáry, and, most of all, Radoszkowski himself. The specimens are arranged in the systematic order left by Radoszkowski, which follows that proposed by Mocsáry (1889).

Eversmann’s Chrysididae collection is merged in the Chrysididae Radoszkowski collection in ISEA-PAN. Eversmann (1857) published only one paper on Chrysididae (Fauna Hymenopterologica Volgo-Uralensis), in which he described seven Chrysididae species: Chrysis amoena, C. cylindrica, Elampus ambiguus, E. bidentatus, E. femoralis, Hedychrum flavipes and Parnopes popovi. All the types of these species are preserved in ISEA-PAN and five were later redescribed by Radoszkowski (Radoszkovsky 1866).

According to the visitor diary and the registration handbook of the museum, nobody has examined the entire collection since Mocsáry (around 1889) and du Buysson (1896). Only Móczár (1997) and Bohart (in the 80s of last century) borrowed some specimens of the genus Cleptes and some African Chrysididae. All the Chrysididae in the Radoszkowski collection were examined by P. Rosa in June 2012, and by B. Wiśniowski from January to February 2013, with a focus on the type specimens. In order to facilitate their future identifications, all types were labelled in red with clear indications of their status.

The name “Radoszkowski” was written in his publications in different ways. Four different spellings of this name exist in published papers dealing with Chrysididae: Radoczkowsky (1881), Radoszkovsky (1866, 1872, 1877 (1876), 1880 (1879), 1881), Radoszkowsky (1877 (1876), 1884), and, the most common, Radoszkowski (1877, 1887, 1889, 1890 (1889–1890), 1891a, 1891b, 1893a, 1893b).

The aim of this article is to provide label information, bibliographic data, current status, remarks for the type material, and to resolve confusion regarding previous lectotype designations, incorrect combinations, synonymies, placement in species groups and repository of these types.

Material and methods

Terminology and classification of the genera follow Kimsey and Bohart (1991), classification of species and species groups follow Fauna Europaea (Rosa and Soon 2012), Linsenmaier (1959, 1968, 1987, 1994, 1997, 1999), and Rosa (2006a). Abbreviations used in the text are as follows: F-I, F-II, F-III, etc. = flagellum I, flagellum II, flagellum III and so on; S-II = second metasomal sternum; S-III = third metasomal sternum; TFC = transverse frontal carina.

The handwritings of Radoszkowski, Eversmann, du Buysson, and Mocsáry are easily recognized (Rosa 2009) and are helpful in the identification of the type material; almost all of the labels are easily legible, even those in Cyrillic. In only one case the labels have to be interpreted: some taxa described by Radoszkowski in 1891 (Chrysis ambigua, C. murgrabi, C. nova, C. semenovi, C. singula, C. subcoerulea, C. unica) bear the same labels – “TR-CAP” [Trans-Caspia] or Saraks [in 2 cases], but not the locality included in the text (Ashkabad). The same inconsistency was observed in other museums with types by Radoszkowski (1891).

Fedtschenko’s codes: specimens collected by Fedtschenko and published by Radoszkowski (1877) bear recognizable printed locality labels in cyrillic. The dating labels have a complicated code: the day is written on a square coloured label; the collecting month is related to the colour (lilac = April; pink = May; blue-green = June; yellow = July; dark blue = August; orange = September); the year is given by different marks: no marks (1879), black line on lower side (1870), and red line on upper side (1871). This code is necessary in order to recognize the type material in collection. The detailed list of the localities visited by Fedtschenko during his expedition to Russian Turkestan and the Kokan Khanate is given by Baker (2004).

Some selected types are here illustrated, such as the newly designated lectotypes. Photographs of the types were taken with Nikon D80 connected to the stereomicroscope Togal SCZ and stacked with the software Combine ZP; the white calibration of the photocamera was applied to reduce the blue effect of the neon light of the Togal microscope.

Types and other specimens have been examined from the following institutions:

HNHM Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary.

ISEA-PAN Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals’ collection at the Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland.

LZM Lund Zoological Museum, University of Lund, Sweden.

MHNG Natural History Museum, Genève, Switzerland.

MMU Zoological Museum, Moscow Lomonosov State University, Moscow, Russia.

MNHN National Natural History Museum, Paris, France.

MNHU Natural History Museum of the Humboldt-University, Berlin, Germany.

MSNG Museum of Natural History”G. Doria”, Genoa, Italy.

NMLS Natur Museum, Luzern, Switzerland.

ZIN Zoological Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia.

ZMUC Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.

Results and discussion

Types housed in the Radoszkowski collection

Brugmoia pellucida Radoszkowski, 1877

Plate 1

Brugmoia pellucida Radoszkowski 1877: 26.

Type locality

“Habitat in desertis Kisil-kum”, “Обѣ формы пойманы 10 и 15 мая 1871 г. въ пескахъ Кизилъ-кумъ” [Both specimens collected on the 10^th and 15^th of May 1871 on the sand of Kisil-kum].

Paralectotype

1♂ [box 62]: golden rounded label // Brugmoia pellucida [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // Кизилъкумъ [printed] // 12. [pink label with red line] // 48 [printed].

Remarks

Kimsey and Bohart (1991) listed the holotype male in MMU, but the species was described on a syntypic series based on females (“long. 8-9 mm.”). We examined the specimen housed in MMU, which it is truly a female bearing the following labels: 10. [printed on pink label with red line] / Кизилъкумъ [printed] / Brugmoia pellucida Rad. [handwritten red label] / 10.V.1869 [handwritten after Radoszkowski]. We designate it as the lectotype of B. pellucida since the specimen housed in the Radoszkowski collection in ISEA-PAN is a male, and not a female, and it was collected on a different day.

Anyway, we consider the specimen in ISEA-PAN as the second syntype and therefore as the paralectotype, even if two discrepancies are found. The different date (the 12^th and not the 15^th of May 1971) could be a case of lapsus calami, since the red line is somehow covering the day number. The different sex could be also a case of lapsus calami; indeed, the specimen is bearing the main features listed in the description and the sexual dimorphic characteristics are not so obvious as in other Euchroeus species; Bohart himself (Kimsey and Bohart 1991) confused the sex of the specimen housed in MMU. Evidence that the specimen in ISEA-PAN is the second syntypes are: it was identified by Radoszkowski as Brugmoia pellucida and not as Euchroeus quadratus, the second Euchroeus collected by Fedtschenko in his journeys (Radoszkowski 1877); it was collected in the same locality, month and year (E. quadratus was collected on Mt. Karak on the 7^th of May); no other specimen of Brugmoia pellucida identified by Radoszkowski or collected by Fedtschenko was found in MMU, HNHM, MNHN, MNHU and MSNG. In Kimsey and Bohart (1991: 296), it is listed under the name Brugmoia pellucida Radoszkowski. The generic name Euchroeus Latreille was conserved by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN, Opinion 1906).

Plate 1.

Brugmoia pellucida Radoszkowski, 1877, paralectotype. A Habitus, lateral view B head, frontal view C head and mesosoma, lateral view D metasoma, dorsal view.

Current status

Euchroeus pellucidus (Radoszkowski, 1877) (transferred by du Buysson (in André) 1892: 255).

Chrysis abyssinica Radoszkowsky, 1877

Chrysis Abyssinica Radoszkowsky 1877 (1876): 148.

Type locality

“Apporté par M. Raffray d’Abyssinie”.

Holotype [sex unknown] [box 62]: golden rounded label // label with metasoma [lost] // Abyss. Raffray [printed] [light blue label] // abyssinica [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // 59 [printed].

Remarks

The type is seriously damaged, it lacks the metasoma.

Current status

Praestochrysis spina (Brullé, 1846) (synonymised by Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 534).

Chrysis acceptabilis Radoszkowski, 1891

Plate 2

Chrysis acceptabilis Radoszkowski 1891a: 197.

Type locality

“Saraks”.

Lectotype

♂ (here designated) [box 61]: golden rounded label // Tr-Cap Saraks // acceptabilis [handwritten by Radoszkowski].

Paralectotypes

2♂♂ and 1♀ [box 61]: golden rounded label // Tr-Cap Saraks.

Remarks

In collection, five specimens under the name Chrysis acceptabilis R. bear the same collecting label. We have excluded one of them from the type series, because it belongs to another species (C. chlorochrysa, in the C. viridissima group) and does not match the original description.

Kimsey and Bohart (1991: 428) synonymised C. acceptabilis Radoszkowski with C. kokandica Radoszkowski and placed it in the C. splendidula group. However, the specimen labelled by Radoszkowki is consistent with the interpretation of C. acceptabilis provided by Linsenmaier (1968: 113). Based on its very short flagellomeres (F-I and F-II), Linsenmaier placed C. acceptabilis in the C. cerastes group. For this reason, Rosa et al. (2013: 15) consider C. acceptabilis and C. kokandica as two valid species. The examination of the type in MMU confirmed that C. kokandica belongs to the C. splendidula group and it is a different species, not conspecific with C. acceptabilis. To avoid future misidentifications we designate the male specimen labelled by Radoszkowski (Plate 2) as the lectotype of C. acceptabilis.

Plate 2.

Chrysis acceptabilis Radoszkowski, 1891, lectotype. A Habitus, dorsal view B head, frontal view C metasoma, dorsal view D metasoma, ventral view.

Current status

Chrysis acceptabilis Radoszkowski, 1891.

Chrysis ambigua Radoszkowski, 1891

Plate 3

Chrysis ambigua Radoszkowski 1891a: 188.

Type locality

“Ashabad”.

Syntype

1♀ [box 61]: golden rounded label // Trans-Caspia [printed] [yellow label] // ambigua [handwritten by Radoszkowski].

Remarks

The type is damaged. It lacks the left forewing; the metasoma and two legs are glued to the locality label. Another female specimen considered as syntype was found in HNHM bearing the labels: Trans-caspia / ~~anceps~~ n. sp. ambigua Rad. Ashabad <handwritten by both Radoszkowski and Mocsáry> / Chrysis mutabilis v. ambigua Rad. det. Mocsáry / id nr. 115650 HNHM Hym. coll. Another syntype is housed in MNHU.

Linsenmaier (1959: 175; 1968: 112) and Rosa et al. (2013: 15) placed it in the C. cerastes group, but Kimsey and Bohart (1991: 381) placed it in the C. taczanovskii group.

Plate 3.

Chrysis ambigua Radoszkowski, 1891, syntype. A Head and mesosoma, dorsal view B metasoma, dorsal view C head, frontal view.

Current status

Chrysis ambigua Radoszkowski, 1891.

Chrysis amoena Eversmann, 1857

Figure 1

Chrysis amoena Eversmann 1857: 562.

Type locality

“Hab. in campis transuralensibus”.

Holotype

♀ [box 62]: golden rounded label // Chrysis amoena Evm. [handwritten by Eversmann] // brown rounded label // Omsk Ust K - V. [handwritten].

Figure 1.

Chrysis amoena Eversmann, 1857, holotype, habitus, dorsal view.

Current status

Pentachrysis amoena (Eversmann, 1857) (transferred by Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 521).

Chrysis analis var. incerta Radoszkovsky, 1880

Chrysis analis var. δ incerta Radoszkovsky 1880 (1879): 145 nec Dahlbom, 1854.

Type locality

“Caucase” [written in the introduction].

Holotype

♀ [box 61]: golden rounded label // Erivan [handwritten] // 72 [printed] // incerta [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // distincta Mocs. [handwritten by Mocsáry] // incerta Rad Distincta Mocs [handwritten by Radoszkowski].

Remarks

The holotype lacks fore-legs, as well as the mid- and left hind-legs. It belongs to the C. cerastes group.

Current status

Chrysis distincta (Mocsáry, 1887), replacement name for C. analis var. incerta Radoszkovsky, 1880.

Chrysis analis var. perrisi Radoszkovsky, 1880

Plate 4

Chrysis analis var. β Perrisi Radoszkovsky 1880 (1879): 144.

Type locality

“Caucasus” [written in the introduction].

Syntype

1♀ [box 62]: Caucasus [printed].

Remarks

The name is dedicated to Abeille de Perrin and the name perrisi is an incorrect original spelling. Radoszkowski (1889: 25) emended the name perrisi to perrini (“faute d’imprimerie”). The name perrini was later accepted by Mocsáry (1889: 454; Perrisi “e mando typographico secundum auctorem pro Perrini”), Dalla Torre (1892: 43, sub C. perrinii), du Buysson (1896: 17), Bischoff (1913: 47), Trautmann (1927: 171), Linsenmaier (1987: 151), but was considered as an invalid emendation by Kimsey and Bohart (1991: 382). Kimsey & Bohart placed C. perrini in synonymy of C. analis Spinola. We follow the interpretation given by Linsenmaier (1987), who considered C. perrini as a valid species. The second male syntype is housed in MNHU. It belongs to the C. comparata group.

Plate 4.

Chrysis analis var. perrisi Radoszkovsky, 1880, syntype. A Habitus, lateral view B head, frontal view C metasoma, ventral view D third metasomal tergite, dorsal view.

Current status

Chrysis perrini Radoszkovsky, 1880 (emended by Radoszkowski 1889).

Chrysis analis var. rubescens Radoszkovsky, 1880

Plate 5

Chrysis analis var. γ rubescens Radoszkovsky 1880 (1879): 144.

Type locality

“Caucase” [written in the introduction].

Holotype

♀ [box 61]: golden rounded label // Nikolajewka [handwritten] // Erivan [handwritten] // 68 [printed] // rubescens [handwritten by Radoszkowski]

Remarks

Remarks

Kimsey and Bohart (1991: 385) placed it in the C. comparata-scutellaris group.

Chrysis ashabadensis Radoszkowski, 1891

Plate 9

Chrysis ashabadensis Radoszkowski 1891a: 183.

Type locality

“Ashabad”.

Holotype

♂ [box 60]: label with tergal segment // Trans-Caspia [printed] [yellow label] // ashabadensi [handwritten by Radoszkowski sic!].

Remarks

The type is partly damaged: both hind-legs are missing and both antennae are broken (the left antenna lacks five flagellomeres, the right antenna lacks six); the genital capsule glued on the label is also missing; a few metasomal sternites and tergites are still glued on the label.

It belongs to the C. succincta group and not to the C. elegans group, as supposed by Linsenmaier (1968) and Kimsey and Bohart (1991).

Plate 9.

Chrysis ashabadensis Radoszkowski, 1891, holotype. A Habitus, dorso-lateral view B head, frontal view C mesosoma, dorsal view D metasoma, dorso-lateral view.

Current status

Chrysis ashabadensis Radoszkowski, 1891.

Chrysis asiatica Radoszkowski, 1889

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) asiaticaRadoszkowski 1889: 26.

Type locality

“Tachkent; vallée de Zarafchan”.

Holotype

(?) ♂ [box 61]: golden rounded label // label with genitalia // Ϲтепь м. Ϲ. д. и Т. [printed] // 19 [printed] [pink label] // asiaticus [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // 251 [printed].

Remarks

Chrysis (Olochrysis) chalcophanaMocsáry 1889: 213.

Type locality

“Caucaus (Coll. Rad.)”.

Holotype

♂ [box 60]: golden rounded label // ♂ sp. // Cauca Mlokos [printed] // 116 [printed] // chalcophana Mocs. [handwritten by Radoszkowski].

Remarks

The type is badly damaged missing the head, pronotum, fore-legs, and some tarsi of the hind-legs. It is closely related to C. tenella Mocsáry, 1889; the main difference is the shape of the pits in the pit-row of the third tergite. Mocsáry (1889) described the two species mainly based on the colouration. Since the body colouration and the pits in the pit-row may be variable, C. chalcophana could be synonym of C. tenella. It belongs to the C. millenaris group.

Plate 10.

Chrysis chalcophana Mocsáry, 1889, holotype. A Mesosoma, dorsal view B metasoma, dorsal view.

Current status

Chrysis chalcophana Mocsáry, 1889.

Chrysis chevrieri var. orientalis Mocsáry, 1889

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) Chevrieri var. orientalis Mocsáry 1889: 480, nec Guérin-Méneville, 1842.

Type locality

“Patria: Græcia (Parnassus, Coll. Schmiedeknecthi! Ephesus, Mus. Turicense!) et Caucasus (Coll. Rad.! Mus. Hung. et Vindob.! et Coll. Fairmaieri!)”.

Paralectotype

1♂ [box 61]: Caucas Mlok [printed] // 263 [handwritten by Mocsáry] // var. orientalis Mocs [handwritten by Radoszkowski].

Remarks

Twelve other specimens bearing the same locality labels, but without handwritten identification labels by Radoszkowski, could be considered as paralectotypes. The lectotype was designated by Moczár (1965: 174) at HNHM. Linsenmaier (1959: 149) replaced the name orientalis Mocsáry 1889 with orientica (comparata ssp. orientica) and considered it as the greenish oriental subspecies of C. comparata Lepeletier, 1806. It belongs to the C. comparata group.

Current status

Chrysis comparata orientica Lepeletier, 1959.

Chrysis chlorochrysa Mocsáry, 1889

Plate 11

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) chlorochrysa Mocsáry (Inédite) (in Radoszkowski) 1889 [nec 1883]: 23.

Type locality

“Askhabad”.

Syntype

1♂ [box 61]: golden rounded label // Ashabad [printed] [yellow label] // chlorochrysa Mocs. [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // Rad. [handwritten by Mocsáry] // 39 [handwritten] // 127 [printed] // label with genitalia.

Remarks

Du Buysson (in André) (1895: 500) considered Chrysis subcoerula as the female of chlorochrysa, but without synonymizing it (Obs. - Le female décrit par M. le général O. Radoszkowsky appartient à laC. chlorochrysaMocs., d’après le spécimen que l’auteur a eu l’amabilité de m’envoyer.). One female from Saraks, probably not a type, is housed in MNHN. It belongs to the C. viridissima group sensu Linsenmaier.

Plate 11.

Chrysis chlorochrysa Mocsáry, 1889, syntype. A Habitus, dorso-lateral view B head, frontal view C mesosoma, dorsal view D third metasomal tergite, dorsal view.

Current status

Chrysis chlorochrysa Mocsáry, 1889.

Chrysis chrysochlora Mocsáry, 1889

Plate 12

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) chrysochloraMocsáry 1889: 515.

Type locality

“Patria: Turkestania (Taschkend, Coll. Rad.! et Mus. Hung.)”.

Paralectotypes

6♀♀ [box 61]: all specimens bear label Tachkend [printed]; two specimens bear a golden rounded label, one of them bears also other two labels: “chrysochlora Mocs” [handwritten by Radoszkowski], “5.” and “126” [printed]; other two specimens bear unreadable label [handwritten]; one specimen bears a label Kapaxymь [handwritten].

Remarks

Bohart (in Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 396) designated a female collected at Tashkent in HNHM as the lectotype. After type examination, we found that Chrysis chrysochlora is the female of C. keriensis Radoszkowski, 1887.

The name C. chrysochlora is commonly found in collections because Linsenmaier (1959: 161) included C. chrysochlora and the subspecies korbiana Mocsáry, 1912 in his revision of the European species. In recent years only Tarbinsky (2000: 193) used C. chrysochlora as a valid name in the key of the C. ignita group of Tian-Shan. Nevertheless, there is no reason to ask for the reversal of precedence (Art. 23.9 of the Code) and we propose the new synonym Chrysis chrysochlora Mocsáry, 1889 = Chrysis keriensis Radoszkowski, 1887. It belongs to the C. ignita group.

Chrysis cylindrica Eversmann, 1857

Figure 2

Chrysis cylindrica Eversmann 1857: 554.

Type locality

“in provincia Casanensi” [given in the introduction].

Holotype

♀ [box 61]: golden rounded label // Saratow [handwritten] // Chrysis n. sp. cylindrica Evm. [handwritten by Eversmann] // 12 [printed] // viridula [handwritten by Radoszkowski].

Remarks

The type is seriously damaged: it lacks metasoma, tibia and tarsi of the fore- and the hind-legs, the right mid-leg, and tarsi of the left mid-leg. It matches Linsenmaier’s interpretation of the species (1968: 81) and it is not a synonym of C. viridula Linnaeus, 1761 as stated by Mocsáry (1887: 14). It belongs to the C. viridula group.

Figure 2.

Chrysis cylindrica Eversmann, 1857, holotype, head and mesosoma, dorsal view.

Current status

Chrysis cylindrica Eversmann, 1857.

Chrysis daphnis Mocsáry, 1889

Plate 13

Chrysis (Gonochrysis) Daphnis Mocsáry (Inédite) (in Radoszkowski) 1889: 17.

Type locality

“Sicile”.

Lectotype

♂ (here designated) [box 60]: golden rounded label // label with genital capsula // Favorita [Palermo] 5-82 [handwritten].

Paralectotype

1♂ [box 60]: golden rounded label // I. Sicilia. [printed] // 154 [printed] // Daphnis Mocs [handwritten by Radoszkowski].

Kimsey and Bohart (1991: 401) considered C. daphnis as a synonym of C. cylindrica Eversmann, 1857, while Linsenmaier (1959, 1968, 1997) interpreted C. daphnis as a valid species, providing keys and descriptions. Linsenmaier’s interpretation was correct and C. daphnis is a valid species strictly related to C. consanguinea Mocsáry. Mocsáry (1889) described C. consanguinea based on two females (not male and female) from Sicily and Algeria. The two syntypes, examined and housed in MHNG, belong to two different species: C. daphnis and C. consanguinea. Therefore two lectotype designations are needed to place order in this group. We here designate the lectotype based on the specimen selected by Radoszkowski in his revision of the genital capsulae (1889). The paralectotype is damaged: the head lacks the antennae (except the left scapus) and it is glued on the mesosoma; it lacks the right metatibia and tarsi. The lectotype designation of C. consanguinea will be given in a subsequent paper. It belongs to the C. viridula group.

Plate 13.

Chrysis daphnis Mocsáry, 1889, lectotype. A Habitus, dorso-lateral view B head, frontal view C mesosoma, dorsal view D metasoma, dorsal view.

Current status

Chrysis daphnis Mocsáry, 1889.

Chrysis demavendae Radoczkowsky, 1881

Plate 14

Chrysis Demavendae Radoczkowsky 1881: v.

Type locality

“Persia, mons Demavend”.

Holotype

♂ [box 62]: golden rounded label // Pers Mlok [printed] [orange label] // label with genitalia // Demabend [handwritten] // 67 [handwritten].

Remarks

Radoszkowski (1889: 33) emended the species name to C. demabendae from the name of Mt. Demabend. C. demabendae must be considered as an invalid emendation for C. demavendae Radoczkowsky, 1881 according to the Art. 32.5.1 of the Code. The species is closely related to C. sexdentata Christ, 1791. It belongs to the C. smaragdula group sensuKimsey and Bohart (1991).

Plate 14.

Chrysis demavendae Radoczkowsky, 1881, holotype. A Habitus, lateral view B head, frontal view C mesosoma, dorsal view D metasoma, dorso-lateral view.

Current status

Chrysis demavendae Radoczkowsky, 1881.

Chrysis dentipes Radoszkowski, 1877

Plate 15

Chrysis dentipes Radoszkowski 1877: 15.

Type locality

“Habitat in valle Sarafshan”, “Пойманъ 8 и 10 мая 1869 г. въ Катты-курганѣ и Заравшанской долинѣ” [collected on 8^th and 10^th of May 1869 in Katty-Kurgan and in the Zaravshan Valley]. The locality Katty-Kurgan [= Kattakurgan] is in Uzbekistan.

Paralectotype

1♀ [box 61]: golden rounded label // Верхн. Заравш. [printed] // 8. [printed] [pink label] // dentipes [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // 43 [printed] // Chrysis dentipes Rad. [handwritten by Mocsáry].

Remarks

Bohart (in Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 403) designated the lectotype on a female collected at Zaravshan and housed in MMU. It belongs to the C. taczanovskii group.

Plate 15.

Chrysis dentipes Radoszkowski, 1877, paralectotype. A Habitus, lateral view B metasoma, dorsal view C head, frontal view.

Current status

Type locality

“Caucasus (Coll. Rad.! et Mus. Hung.)”.

Paralectotype

1♀ [box 60]: Caucas Nlokos [printed, sic] // 270 [handwritten by Mocsáry] // Chrysis urrainensis Rad [?] [handwritten by Mocsáry].

Remarks

Bohart (in Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 489) designated the lectotype in HNHM. It belongs to the C. radians group.

Current status

Chrysura erigone (Mocsáry, 1889) (transferred by Kimsey and Bohart 1991).

Chrysis erivanensis Radoszkovsky, 1880

Plate 18

Chrysis Erivanensis Radoszkovsky 1880 (1879): 146.

Type locality

“Caucase” [written in the introduction].

Syntype

1♂ [box 62]: label with genitalia // Erivan [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // 89 [handwritten].

Syntype

1♂ [box 62]: golden rounded label // erivanensi [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // Erivan [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // 45.

Possible Syntype

1♂ [box 62]: erivanensis [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // Kasbek [handwritten by Radoszkowski].

Remarks

The two syntypes are badly damaged. Kimsey and Bohart (1991: 408), without type examination, placed it in the C. smaragdula group because Radoszkowski described C. erivanensis in the section: “Ano sex-dentatae”. Radoszkowski described the anal margin of C. erivanensis as follows: “troisième segment finement variolo-chagriné, sa base bleuâtre; points de la serie profonds, inégales; les quatre dents interieures egales élancées; les dents latérales éloignées, remontant vers la base du segment, très peu accentué”. The anal margin of C. erivanensis has four teeth and two lateral rounded swellings, which cannot be considered as true teeth. Even if the the apical margin of the third tergite is unusual, this species can be included in the C. ignita group for all the other characteristics.

Plate 18.

Chrysis erivanensis Radoszkovsky, 1880, syntype. A Habitus, dorsal view B head, frontal view C mesosoma, lateral view D metasoma, lateral view.

Current status

Chrysis erivanensis Radoszkovsky, 1880.

Chrysis excisa Mocsáry, 1889

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) excisa Mocsáry (in Radoszkowski) 1889: 25.

Type locality

“France”.

Holotype

(?) ♂ [box 61]: 311 20 [handwritten] // 69 [printed] // label with genitalia.

Remarks

Chrysis fulvicornis Mocsáry, 1889

Plate 19

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) fulvicornisMocsáry 1889: 373.

Type locality

“Patria: Turkestania (Taschkend, Coll. Rad.)”.

Holotype

♂ [box 61]: Ϲыръ-Дарья [printed] // golden rounded label // fulvicornis Moc [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // 135 [printed] // Chrysis n.sp. fulvicornis Mocs. [handwritten by Mocsáry].

Remarks

The specimen matches the original description. Probably the discrepancy between the locality given in the text [Taschkend] and the one on the label [Syr Daria] is a case of lapsus calami. It belongs to the C. maculicornis group.

Plate 19.

Chrysis fulvicornis Mocsáry, 1889, holotype. A Habitus, dorso-lateral view B second and third metasomal tergites, dorsal view C head, frontal view.

Current status

Chrysis fulvicornis Mocsáry, 1889.

Chrysis gabonensis Mocsáry, 1889

Plate 20

Chrysis (Hexachrysis) gabonensisMocsáry 1889: 384.

Type locality

“Gabon Africæ occidentalis (Coll. Rad.)”.

Holotype

♀ [box 62]: golden rounded label // Gabon [handwritten] [green label] // gabonensis Moc. [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // 136 [printed].

Remarks

Chrysis gabonensis belongs to the C. smaragdula group.

Plate 20.

Chrysis gabonensis Mocsáry, 1889, holotype. A Habitus, dorsal view B head, frontal view C mesosoma, dorsal view D second and third metasomal tergite, lateral view.

Current status

Chrysis canaliculata (Brullé, 1846) (synonymised by Kimsey and Bohart 1991).

Chrysis gertabi Radoszkowski, 1891

Chrysis Gertabi Radoszkowski 1891a: 189.

Type locality

“Ashabad”.

Syntype

1♂ [box 61]: golden rounded label // label with genitalia // Trans-Caspia [printed] [yellow label] // gertabi ♂ [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // Mus PAN Kraków [handwritten by Dylewska].

Remarks

A syntype male is housed in HNHM and bears the following labels: Ashabad Gertabi Rad. n. sp. <handwritten by Radoszkowski and Mocsáry> / Transcapia / Chrysis mutabilis v. Germari (!) Rad det. Mocsáry / id nr. 115619 HNHM Hym. coll. Another syntype is housed in MNHU. It belongs to the C. cerastes group.

Current status

Chrysis mutabilis du Buysson, 1887 (synonymised by Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 441).

Chrysis himalayensis Mocsáry, 1889

Plate 21

Chrysis (Pentachrysis) himalayensis Mocsáry (in Radoszkowski) 1889: 31.

Type locality

“Himalaya”.

Holotype

♂ [box 62]: golden rounded label // Hymaj [printed] [yellow label] // symbol // label with genitalia.

Remarks

Kimsey and Bohart (1991: 534) synonymised Chrysis himalayensis with Praestochrysis shanghaiensis. The affinity was already noticed by Radoszkowski (1889: 31). However, the type shows apparent differences in comparison with the male of P. shanghaiensis. In particular the double TFC, the relative length of antennomeres, the distance between the posterior ocelli, the shape of the metanotal projection, etc. These characteristics confirm that this species could be a valid species.

Plate 21.

Chrysis indigotea daghestanica Mocsáry, 1889 (Linsenmaier 1959).

Chrysis jelisyni Radoszkowski, 1891

Plate 23

Chrysis Jelisyni Radoszkowski 1891a: 186.

Type locality

“Récoltée par M. Potanin, en Mongolie, (Kansu, Jelissyn-Kuce)”.

Syntype

♀ [box 61]: golden rounded label // Kansu Jelisyn-Kuce 20/VII [handwritten] // Jelisyni [handwritten by Radoszkowski].

Remarks

Another syntype is preserved in MNHU. It belongs to the C. comparata group.

Plate 23.

Chrysis jelisyni Radoszkowski, 1891, syntype. A Habitus, dorsal view B head, frontal view C mesosoma, dorsal view D third metasomal tergite, dorsal view.

Current status

Chrysis jelisyni Radoszkowski, 1891.

Chrysis keriensis Radoszkowski, 1887

Plate 24

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) keriensisRadoszkowski 1887: 47.

Type locality

“Keria-Daria”.

Holotype

♂ [not ♀] [box 61]: golden rounded label // Keria Daria Przewal [printed] [yellow label] // Kerij Rad [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // 192 [printed] // Ch. Keriensis M.S.GR T XXI [underlined] p. 47 [handwritten by Radoszkowski].

Remarks

Chrysis keriensis Radoszkowski, 1887 is the male of C. chrysochlora Mocsáry, 1889. It was treated only by Mocsáry (1889: 516), and listed in checklists by Dalla Torre (1892: 73), Bischoff (1913: 54), Kimsey and Bohart (1991: 427) and Kurzenko and Lelej (2007: 1005). Mocsáry (1889) redescribed the male type of C. keriensis immediately after the description of the female of C. chrysochlora. The differences observed by Mocsáry (1889) between C. keriensis and C. chrysochlora are dimorphic sexual dissimilarities.

Chrysis (Olochrysis) LagodechiiRadoszkowski 1889: 15.

Type locality

“Caucase (Lagodekhi)”.

Lectotype

♂ [here designated] [box 60]: Cauca Mlokos [printed] // label with genital capsula // Lagodechii [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // 284 [handwritten by Mocsáry] // angustifrons [handwritten by Radoszkowski].

Paralectotype

1♂ [box 60]: Caucas [printed].

Remarks

Two males and one female collected in Caucasus were found under the name Chrysis lagodechii Rad. We consider the two males as types, and we exclude the female bearing the label “Eldar Caucas” [printed], because Radoszkowski did not mention any female in his description. This female specimen belongs to the genus Chrysura. Since various species are present under the same name, we here designate the lectotype based on one male of the type series. It belongs to the C. elegans group.

Plate 25.

Chrysis lagodechii Radoszkowski, 1889, lectotype. A Habitus, dorsal view B metasoma, dorsal view C head, frontal view.

Current status

Chrysis angustifrons Abeille de Perrin, 1878 (synonymised by Mocsáry 1889: 274).

Chrysis lepida Mocsáry, 1889

Figure 3

Chrysis (Olochrysis) lepidaMocsáry 1889: 278.

Type locality

“Patria: Caucasus (Coll. Rad.!, Erivan, Mus. Hung.)”.

Paralectotype

1♀ [box 60]: golden rounded label // Caucas Port [printed] [light blue label] // Erevan [?] [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // Lepida Mocs [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // 114 [printed].

Remarks

The specimen is partly damaged, and the metasoma is glued to the mesosoma. Mocsáry (1889) described Chrysis lepida based on at least two specimens collected at Erivan and preserved in the Radoszkowski collection and in HNHM. Bohart (in Bohart and French 1986: 342) designated the lectotype in HNHM. The lectotype housed in HNHM bears the labels: Kaukasus Erivan / lepida Mocs. typ. det. Mocsáry / red label / Holotypus Chrysis lepida ♀ Mocs. RM Bohart / id nr. 135152 HNHM Hym. coll. It belongs to the C. elegans group.

Figure 3.

Chrysis lepida Mocsáry, 1889, paralectotype, habitus, dorsal view.

Current status

Current status

Chrysis maracandensis Radoszkowski, 1877.

Chrysis marginata Mocsáry, 1889

Plate 27

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) marginataMocsáry 1889: 451.

Type locality

“Turkestania (Coll. Rad.)”.

Holotype

♀ [box 61]: Верхн. Эаравш. // 8. [printed] [pink label] // marginata [handwritten by Radoszkowski] Mocs. [handwritten by Mocsáry] // 252 [printed].

Remarks

The type is partly damaged: it lacks the left antenna, nine flagellomeres of the right one, and the left fore-leg after the coxa. It belongs to the C. comparata group.

Chrysis mlokosewitzi Radoszkowski, 1889

Plate 28

Chrysis (Olochrysis) MlokosewitziRadoszkowski 1889: 13.

Type locality

“Caucase”.

Holotype

♂ [not ♀] [box 60]: golden rounded label // Caucasus [printed] // mlokosewitz [handwritten by Radoszkowski] [light blue label] // 115 [printed].

Remarks

The holotype is a rufescent specimen belonging to the genus Chrysura and the C. dichroa group.

Plate 28.

Chrysis mlokosewitzi Radoszkowski, 1889, holotype. A Habitus, dorsal view B head, frontal view C mesosoma, dorsal view D metasoma, dorso-lateral view.

Current status

Chrysura mlokosewitzi (Radoszkowski, 1889), comb. n.

Chrysis mocsaryi Radoszkowski, 1889

Figure 4

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) MocsaryiRadoszkowski 1889: 29.

Type locality

“apportée par Mr. Potanin de Mongolie (Kobden [currently Kobdo])”.

Holotype

♀ [box 61]: label with right flagellum and metasoma // golden rounded label // Kansu Kobden-Owatu 12/VIII [handwritten] // Mocsáry [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // Chrysis Mocsaryi Rad. (tres interep.) [?] [handwritten by Mocsáry] // Mus. Pan Krakow [hadwritten by Dylewska].

Remarks

The type is damaged: the right flagellum and the metasoma are glued on a label. It belongs to the C. comparata group.

Figure 4.

Chrysis mocsaryi Radoszkowski, 1889, holotype, head and mesosoma + metasoma, dorsal view.

Current status

Chrysis mocsaryi Radoszkowski, 1889.

Chrysis murgrabi Radoszkowski, 1891

Chrysis Murgrabi Radoszkowski 1891a: 196.

Type locality

“Murgrab”.

Syntype

(?) 1♂ [box 61]: golden rounded label // Tr-Cap Saraks // Murgrabi [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // Museum PAN Krakow [handwritten by Dylewska].

Remarks

According to Kimsey and Bohart (1991: 435) the syntypes of Chrysis murgrabi are preserved in the Radoszkowski collection. The description of C. murgrabi was based on one male and one female, but now there is only one male specimen left in the collection. It is badly damaged, the right forewing is missing, and the metasoma was found in the box and glued on a separate label. The locality given on the label (Transcaspia) is not accurate, compared with the locality given in the text (Murgrab = Murgab, currently in Tajikistan), however it cannot be excluded from the syntypes based only the locality, because the specimens described by Radoszkowski in 1891 bear not precise locality labels. Radoszkowski (1893b: 81) emended the name to C. murgabi, but this name must be considered as an unjustified emendation according to the Art. 32.5.1 of the Code. It belongs to the C. maculicornis group.

Current status

Chrysis maculicornis Klug, 1845 (synonymised by Kimsey and Bohart 1991).

Chrysis obscura Radoszkovsky, 1877

Plate 29

Chrysis obscura Radoszkovsky 1877 (1876): 106.

Type locality

“Envoyée du Caucase par Mr. Mlokosiewitz”.

Holotype

♂ [box 61]: golden rounded label // Cauca Mlokos [printed] // 130 [printed] // obscura Rad chalcochrysa Mocs [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // undulata Rad. [handwritten by Mocsáry].

Remarks

Kimsey and Bohart (1991: 461) placed Chrysis chalcochrysa in synonymy with C. scutellaris Fabricius, without type examination. C. obscura belongs to the C. succincta group and not to the C. scutellaris group. C. chalcochrysa is a valid taxon related to the C. grohmanni subgroup, with a unique colouration of the mesosoma.

Plate 29.

Chrysis obscura Radoszkovsky, 1877, holotype. A Mesosoma, dorsal view B third metasomal tergite, dorsal view.

Current status

Chrysis chalcochrysa Mocsáry, 1887, replacement name for obscura Radoszkovsky nec Smith, 1859, status revived.

Chrysis octavii du Buysson, 1895

Plate 30

Chrysis octavii du Buysson (in André) 1895: 476.

Type locality

“Égypte (Radoszkowsky); Sicile”.

Syntype

1♀ [box 61]: Taczano [printed] // Egyptus. [printed] [blue label] // episcopalis [handwritten by Rad.] // 92 [printed] // Chrysis (Pyria) Octavii Buyss. n.sp. [handwritten by du Buysson] [orange label].

Remarks

The type is badly damaged, missing the compound eyes, some legs and the ventral surface (including the internal segments). The second syntype is housed in MNHN. It belongs to the C. taczanovskii group.

Chrysis persica Radoczkowsky, 1881

Plate 31

Chrysis persica Radoczkowsky 1881: v.

Figure 6

Chrysis pulchra Radoszkovsky 1880 (1879): 143.

Type locality

“Caucase” [written in the introduction].

Holotype

♀ (not ♂) [box 62]: golden rounded label // Cauca Mlokos [printed] // 9 [printed] // pulchra [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // Spinolia magnifica Dah pulchra Rad [handwritten by Radoszkowski].

Remarks

Chrysis pulchra Radoszkovsky, 1880 and C. sulcata Radoszkovsky, 1866 nec Dahlbom, 1845 were synonymised with C. lamprosoma Förster, 1853 [currently Spinolia] by Mocsáry (1887: 16). Few years later Mocsáry (1896: 2) described Chrysis (Spinolia) dallatorreana based on the specimens housed in HNHM.

S. dallatorreana is now found to be a synonym of S. pulchra Radoszkovsky, 1880. However, S. dallatorreana is currently in use after Mocsáry’s monograph (1889), even if Kimsey and Bohart (1991: 551) placed it in synonymy with S. insignis (Lucas, 1849). Only two authors accepted the synonym: Mingo (1994: 225) and Tyrner (2007: 49; (in Macek et al.) 2010: 66). Kimsey (1986: 106) designated the lectotype of S. dallatorreana in MNHN, but Móczár (1964b: 448) already designated the lectotype, which is housed in HNHM and was checked.

In order to preserve the nomenclatural stability, we propose the reversal of precedence (Art. 23.9 of the Code) and we consider Chrysis pulchra as nomen oblitum and Chrysis dallatorreana as nomen protectum. According to Code, the reversal of precedence can be applied only when the two following conditions are both met: when the senior synonym has not been used as a valid name after 1899 (Art. 23.9.1.1) and when the the junior synonym has been used in at least 25 works, published by at least 10 authors in the immediately preceding 50 years and encompassing a span of not less than 10 years (23.9.1.2).

In this case, S. pulchra was never used again as a valid species name after 1887. Unfortunately, only 16 works citing S. dallatorreana were published in the last 50 years (excluding other three papers dated from 1954 to 1959); on the other hand, at least 10 authors considered dallatorreana as a valid name: Kimsey (1983: 145; 1986: 106); Linsenmaier (1968: 41; 1969: 354; 1987: 144; 1997: 261; 1999: 96; sub Euchroeus (Spinolia)); Mingo (1975: 135 sub Euchroeus (Spinolia)); Móczár (1964b: 448; 1967: 62); Negru (1965: 198); Rosa (2005: 36; 2006b: 92); Schmidt (1977: 107); Strumia and Yildirim (2009: 85); Wiśniowski and Strumia (2007: 81). Other three authors listed and described S. dallatorreana, but after the period of 50 years: Haupt (1956: 121), Linsenmaier (1959: 69) and Zimmermann (1954: 5). Since the conditions are not met, we apply to the Art. 23.9.3. of the Code: if the conditions of 23.9.1 are not met but nevertheless an author considers that the use of the older synonym or homonym would threaten stability or universality or cause confusion, and so wishes to maintain use of the junior synonym, he must refer the matter to the Commission for a ruling under the plenary power [Art. 81]. While the case is under consideration use of the junior name is to be maintained [Art. 82]. A paper with all the cases found in other museums will be soon forwarded to the ICZN. Meanwhile the name S. dallatorreana must be maintained.

Figure 6.

Chrysis pulchra Radoszkovsky, 1880, holotype, habitus, dorsal view.

Current status

Spinolia dallatorreana (Mocsáry, 1896), nomen protectum.

Chrysis remota Mocsáry, 1889

Plate 35

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) remota Mocsáry (in Radoszkowski) 1889: 21.

Type locality

“Patria: Demabend (in Persia) et Caucasus (a Domino Mlokosewitz detecta)”.

Lectotype

♂ (here designed) [box 61]: golden rounded label // Pers Mlok [printed] [orange label] // Demabend [handwritten] // Remota Mocs [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // 129 [printed].

Paralectotype

1♂ [box 61]; Caucas Mlokos [printed] // label with genitalia.

Remarks

According to interpretation of the species by Linsenmaier (1968) and Kimsey and Bohart (1991), Chrysis remota belongs to the C. graelsii group. The lectotype designation is necessary because the syntypes belong to two different species. The specimen selected as lectotype belongs to the C. graelsii group, while the paralectotype to the C. maculicornis group.

In the description, Radoszkowski listed only three males, but the picture of the species (table II, picture 11) undoubtedly shows a female with an exserted ovipositor. Another syntype is found in MMU and it was considered as the holotype by Kimsey and Bohart (1991), it bears the following labels, 7. [pink label with red line] / Каракъ [printed] / Chrysis sabulosa Rad. <handwritten red label>. According to Kimsey and Bohart (1991) it belongs to the C. sabulosa group.

Current status

Chrysis sabulosa Radoszkowski, 1877.

Chrysis sarafschana Mocsáry, 1889

Plate 36

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) sarafschanaMocsáry 1889: 437.

Type locality

“Turkestania (vallis Sarafschan, Coll. Rad.)”.

Holotype

♀ [box 61]: golden rounded label // Верхн. Заравш. // ulianini [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // 27. [printed] [pink label] // 52 [printed] // sarafschana Mocs. [handwritten by Mocsáry].

Remarks

The type is seriously damaged, without metasoma and some flagellomeres of antennae. This specimen is also the second syntype of C. uljanini Radoszkowski, 1877.

Mocsáry (1889) described C. sarafschana based on the female syntype of C. uljanini received by Radoszkowski. In his diagnosis, Mocsáry explained the reasons why C. sarafschana [belonging to the C. ignita group] cannot be the female of C. uljanini [belonging to the C. cerastes group]. This interpretation was later followed by other authors: Radoszkowki (1889: tab. 51, the drawing of the genital capsule is not related to the species belonging to the C. ignita group), Dalla Torre (1892: 92, 104), du Buysson (in André) (1895: 506, 512), Bischoff (1910: 58, 61), Tsuneki (1953: 27) and Linsenmaier (1959: 159). For further remarks see under C. uljanini Radoszkowski and C. uljanini Radoszkowski & Mocsáry.

Plate 36.

Chrysis sarafschana Mocsáry, 1889, holotype. A Head and mesosoma, dorsal view B head and mesosoma, dorsal view C head, frontal view.

Current status

Chrysis uljanini Radoszkowski, 1877 (synonymized by Kimsey and Bohart 1991).

Chrysis saraksensis Radoszkowski, 1891

Chrysis saraksensis Radoszkowski, 1891a: 195.

Type locality

“Saraks”.

Holotype

♂ [box 61]: golden rounded label // Tr-Cap Saraks [printed] [yellow label with metasoma glued to it] // Saraksensis [handwritten by Radoszkowski].

Remarks

The type is in bad condition: it lacks the left flagellum, both fore wings, as well as mid- and hind-legs. The metasoma was found on the bottom of the box and glued on the locality label.

Radoszkowski emended the name C. saraksensis to C. seraxensis (Radoszkowski 1893b: 81), without any comment. The name C. seraxensis was later used by du Buysson ((in Andrè) 1896: 728), Bischoff (1913: 59) and Semenov-Tian-Shanskij and Nikol’skaya (1954: 128). The emendation is unjustified according to the Art. 32.5.1 of the Code: incorrect transliteration or latinization, or use of an inappropriate connecting vowel, are not to be considered inadvertent errors. The name C. saraksensis is the incorrect transliteration of a locality name written in Arabic. Kimsey and Bohart (1991: 428) placed C. saraksensis in synonymy with C. kokandica Radoszkowski in the C. splendidula group. Linsenmaier (1994: 197) revalidated C. sarakensis and placed it in the C. cerastes group. C. saraxensis belongs to the C. cerastes group and cannot be a synonym of C. kokandica Radoszkowski because it belongs to the C. splendidula group.

Current status

Chrysis saraksensis Radoszkowski, 1891.

Chrysis sardarica Radoszkowski, 1890

Chrysis sardarica Radoszkowski 1890: 509.

Type locality

“Ararat, entre Sardar-Abadu et Sarabandy (13,000’)” [given in the introduction].

Holotype

♂ [box 61]: golden rounded label // Ararat [printed] [yellow label] // sardarica R. [handwritten by Radoszkowski].

Remarks

The type is seriously damaged: it lacks the metasoma. Moreover, dermestid damage caused the loss of compound eyes, part of the occiput, left antenna, right flagellum, and both fore-legs. The specimen is pinned, and the pin has broken the mesothorax. It belongs to the C. aestiva group.

Current status

Chrysis sardarica Radoszkowski, 1890.

Chrysis semenovi Radoszkowski, 1891

Plate 37

Chrysis Semenovi Radoszkowski 1891a: 193.

Type locality

“Saraks”.

Lectotype

♀ [box 61]: golden rounded label // Tr-Cap Saraks [printed] [yellow label] // Semenovyi [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // Mus-PAN Krakow [handwritten by Dylewska] // Lectotype ♀ Chrysis semenovi Rad. R.M. Bohart [handwritten on red label].

Paralectotypes

2♀♀ [box 61]: Tr-Cap Saraks [printed] [yellow label] // Mus. PAN Krakow semenovi [handwritten by Dylewska] // Paralectotype ♀ Chrysis semenovi Rad. R.M. Bohart [handwritten on red label].

Remarks

Bohart (in Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 461) designated the lectotype and placed Chrysis semenovi in the C. comparata-scutellaris group. The three specimens labelled by Bohart were found under the label C. semenovi R. and belong to two different species. However, the two specimens considered as paralectotypes have not been labelled by Radoszkowski and do not match the original description. On the anterior surface, the colour of the first tergite is blue contrasting with the red colour of the remaining part of the segment. According to the original description “Abdomen régulièrment scrobiculé feu-doré; premier segment tirant au jaune-doré, les deuxième et troisième plus rouges [...]”.

The specimen selected as lectotype belongs to the cerastes group and not to the comparata-scutellaris group. Radoszkowski himself added in his diagnosis: “Voisine de Chr. incerta Rad.”. C. semenovi is very close to C. annulata Abeille de Perrin (in du Buysson), 1887, and the main characteristics which allows separation of the two species is the shape of the transversal frontal carina. In C. annulata there are two branches directed backwards on the vertex, while in C. semenovi the transversal frontal carina is simple, without branches on the vertex.

Plate 37.

Chrysis semenovi Radoszkowski, 1891, lectotype. A Habitus, dorsal view B head, frontal view C head and mesosoma, dorsal view D metasoma, dorsal view.

Current status

Chrysis semenovi Radoszkowski, 1891.

Chrysis separanda Mocsáry, 1889

Chrysis (Olochrysis) separanda Mocsáry (Inédite) (in Radoszkowski) 1889: 14.

Type locality

“Syra”.

Syntype

1♂ [box 60]: golden rounded label // separanda Mocs [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // 51 [handwritten] // Syra [handwritten] // label with genital capsula.

Syntype

1♀ [box 60]: golden rounded label // Syra [handwritten] // separanda Mocs [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // Chrysis varicornis Spin ♀ Syra.

Syntypes

2♀♀ [box 60]: Syra [handwritten].

Remarks

Chrysis separanda belongs to the C. radians group.

Current status

Chrysura varicornis (Spinola, 1838) (synonymised and transferred by Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 497).

Chrysis serena Radoszkowski, 1891

Plate 38

Chrysis serena Radoszkowski 1891a: 194.

Type locality

“Saraks”.

Holotype

♂ [box 61]: golden rounded label // Tr-Cap Saraks [printed] [yellow label] // serena [handwritten by Radoszkowski].

Remarks

Chrysis serena belongs to the C. viridula group. The type lacks the right hind-leg, tarsi of the right mid-leg, as well as part of the right flagellum; fore wings are partially ripped.

Plate 38.

Chrysis serena Radoszkowski, 1891, holotype. A Habitus, lateral view B head, frontal view C mesosoma, dorsal view D metasoma, dorsal view.

Current status

Chrysis serena Radoszkowski, 1891.

Chrysis singula Radoszkowski, 1891

Plate 39

Chrysis singula Radoszkowski 1891a: 187.

Type locality

“Ashabad”.

Syntype

1♀ [box 61]: golden rounded label // yellow rounded label // Trans-Caspia [printed] [yellow label] // singula [handwritten by Radoszkowski].

Syntypes

2♀♀ [box 61]: yellow rounded label.

Remarks

Radoszkowski described this species based on a syntype series (“7-8 1/3 mill.”). Nowadays in the collection there is only one specimen bearing the locality label and the handwritten label “singula” by Radoszkowski. In HNHM there is another female syntype labelled: Astrabad singula Rad. n.sp. <handwritten by both Radoszkowski and Mocsáry> / Chrysis grohmanni v. singula Rad. det. Mocsáry / id nr. 115604 HNHM Hym. coll. Another syntype is housed in MNHU and other two possible syntypes are deposited in MNHN (general collection box 54).

Linsenmaier (1959: 109; 1968: 62) used the name Chrysis grohmanni ssp. bolivari Mercet, 1902 (erroneously written bolivieri) for the specimens belonging to C. singula Radoszkowski; Linsenmaier clearly wrote that he did not know C. singula Radoszkowski. Kimsey and Bohart (1991: 416) included C. singula in the synonymic list of C. grohmanni Dahlbom. Chrysis grohmanni grohmanni Dahlbom is limited to the western Europe and North Africa (from Morocco to Tunisia). Various sister species (treated as subspecies by Linsenmaier) occur in eastern Europe, North Africa, Near East to central Asia. It belongs to the C. succincta group.

Plate 39.

Chrysis singula Radoszkowski, 1891, syntype. A Habitus, dorso-lateral view B head, frontal view C mesosoma, dorsal view D second and third metasomal tergites, dorso-lateral view.

Current status

Chrysis singula Radoszkowski, 1891.

Chrysis spinidens Mocsáry, 1887

Plate 40

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) spinidens Mocsáry (inédite) Radoszkowski 1887: 48.

Type locality

“Zaïdam (Mongolia)”.

Holotype

♂ [box 61]: golden rounded label // Caidom Przewal [printed] [yellow label] // spinidens Mocs [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // S [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // 125 [printed] 77.

Remarks

Chrysis spinidens belongs to the C. ignita group. It could be also synonymous with Chrysis carnifex Mocsáry, 1889 (V. Soon pers. comm.).

Chrysis subaurata Radoszkowski, 1891

Figure 7

Chrysis subaurata Radoszkowski 1891a: 192.

Type locality

“Ashabad”.

Holotype

♂ [box 61]: golden rounded label // Asmabad [printed, sic] [yellow label] //subaurata [handwritten by Radoszkowski].

Remarks

Chrysis subaurata is the green form of C. splendidula Rossi, 1790. It was considered as a variation of C. splendidula by du Buysson (in André) (1895: 534), Bischoff (1913: 60), Trautmann (1927: 170) and Linsenmaier (1951: 106). Kimsey and Bohart (1991) listed it as a valid species without type examination. It belongs to the C. splendidula group.

Figure 7.

Chrysis subaurata Radoszkowski, 1891, holotype, habitus, dorso-lateral view.

Current status

Chrysis splendidula Rossi, 1790 (synonymised by Linsenmaier 1951: 106).

Chrysis subcoerulea Radoszkowski, 1891

Chrysis subcoerulea Radoszkowski 1891a: 191.

Type locality

“Ashabad”.

Possible Syntypes

11♂♂♀♀ [box 61]: Tr-Cap Saraks.

Remarks

Under the name Chrysis subcoerulea R. there are eleven specimens collected at Saraks. One male was sent in loan [Mus-PAN Krakow] but it is the only specimen different from the others and not belonging to the current interpretation of the species. One female is labelled as C. subcoerulea by Radoszkowski and it bears a golden rounded label indicating a type specimen in the Radoszkowski collection. It is not easy to state whether they are truly syntypes, since the collecting locality is different: Saraks instead of Ashabad. As in other cases related to the same publication, it is possible that Ashabad is a locality in error: the two localities are close to each other and the great part of the specimens collected in Turkmenistan come from these two localities. In many other cases the localities given by Radoszkowski in 1891 did not match the locality labels found under the specimens. Another similar specimen is found in MNHN. C. subcoerulea is related with C. viridissima Klug, 1845 and belongs to the same species group. Kimsey and Bohart (1991: 467) placed C. subcoerulea in the C. comparatas. str. group, without type examination.

After the examination of the male type of C. chlorochrysa Mocsáry we propose the new synonym: C. subcoerulea Radoszkowski, 1891 = C. chlorochrysa Mocsáry, 1889. Du Buysson (1895: 500) already considered C. subcoerula as the female of chlorochrysa, but curiously without synonymizing it (Obs. - Le female décrit par M. le général O. Radoszkowsky appartient à laC. chlorochrysaMocs., d’après le spécimen que l’auteur a eu l’amabilité de m’envoyer.).

Current status

Chrysis chlorochrysa Mocsáry, 1889.

Chrysis succincta var. sparsepunctata du Buysson, 1895

Plate 41

Chrysis succincta var. sparsepunctata du Buysson (in André) 1895: 422.

Type locality

“Patrie: Province transcaspienne: Saraks (Radoszkowsky)”.

Holotype

♀ [box 60]: Tr-Cap Saraks [printed] [yellow label] // C. succincta L. var. sparsepunctata Buyss. v. nov. [handwritten by du Buysson].

Remarks

This species belongs to the C. succincta group. It was placed in the synonymic list of C. succincta Linnaeus, 1767 by Kimsey and Bohart (1991) because it was described as one of its variations. The type of C. frivaldszkyi Mocsáry was checked. C. frivaldszkyi and relative species and subspecies are discussed in Rosa (2005) and Rosa and Xu (2015).

Plate 41.

Chrysis succincta var. sparsepunctata du Buysson, 1892, holotype. A Head and mesosoma, dorsal view B metasoma, dorsal view.

Current status

Chrysis frivaldszkyi sparsepunctata du Buysson (in André), 1895 (transferred by Linsenmaier 1959: 114).

Chrysis sznabli Radoszkowski, 1891

Chrysis Sznabli Radoszkowski 1891a: 196.

Type locality

Plate 45.

Chrysis therates Mocsáry, 1889, holotype. A Habitus, lateral view B third metasomal tergite, dorsal view C head, frontal view.

Current status

Chrysis principalis Smith, 1874.

Chrysis tolteca Mocsáry, 1889

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) toltecaMocsáry 1889: 341.

Type locality

“Patria: Mexico (Coll. Rad.)”.

Plate 48.

Chrysis trisinuata Mocsáry, 1889, holotype. A Habitus, dorso-lateral view B second and third metasomal tergites, dorsal view C head, frontal view.

Current status

Chrysis trisinuata Mocsáry, 1889.

Chrysis uljanini Radoszkowski, 1877

Plate 49

Chrysis Uljanini Radoszkowski 1877: 22.

Type locality

“Habitat in valle Sarafschan et in desertis prope Taschkent”, “Видъ этотъ пойманъ 19 и 27 мая 1869 г. въ Заравшанской долинѣ, 19 мая 1871 г. въ степи между Сыръ-дарьей и Ташкентомъ” [This species was collected on the 19^th and 27^th of May 1869 in the Zaravshan Valley and the 19^th May 1871 in steppe between Syr-Darya and Tashkent].

Paralectotype

1♂ [box 62]: golden rounded label // Ϲтепь м. Ϲ. д. и Т. [printed] // 19. [printed] [pink label with red line].

Paralectotype

1♀ [box 61]: golden rounded label // Верхн. Заравш. // ulianini [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // 27. [printed] [pink label] // 52 [printed] // sarafschana Mocs. [handwritten by Mocsáry].

Remarks

Bohart (in Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 473) designated the lectotype at MMU. In Radoszkowski’s collection, under the name Uljanini R. there are three male specimens belonging to the C. cerastes group, with very short F-I and F-II: one male paralectotype of C. uljanini, and other two specimens with the same particular colour and thoracic punctuation. The first specimen is the syntype (currently paralectotype) listed by Radoszkowski as: Ϲтепь м. Ϲ. д. и Т. [printed] // 19. [= 19 мая 1871 г. въ степи между Ϲыръ-Дарьей и Ташкентомъ” in the Russian description]. The other two specimens were collected at: “Iskender [Iskenderund?] 20.jul.1870” and “Kizilkum 30 Aug 1870” and they cannot be considered as paralectotypes of C. uljanini. The specimen collected at Kizilkum was dissected by Radoszkowski, who drew the genitalia in his revision (1889: tab.IV, fig. 51). For further remarks see under C. uljanini Radoszkowski & Mocsáry and C. sarafschana Mocsáry. The second paralectotype is the female selected by Mocsáry as the holotype of C. sarafschana Mocsáry, 1889. It belongs to the C. ignita group.

Plate 49.

Chrysis uljanini Radoszkowski, 1877, paralectotype. A Habitus, dorsal view B head, frontal view C mesosoma, dorsal view D second and third metasomal tergites, dorsal view.

Current status

Chrysis uljanini Radoszkowski, 1877.

Chrysis uljanini Radoszkowski & Mocsáry, 1889

Chrysis Uljanini Radoszkowski and Mocsáry 1889: 436 nec Radoszkowski, 1877.

Type locality

“Turkestania (Kisil-kum. Coll. Rad.)”.

Holotype

♂ [box 62]: Kizilkum 30 Aug 1870 / label with genitalia / Uljanini Rad. Mocs / Chrysis kizilkumiana Rosa det. P. Rosa 2012

Remarks

Mocsáry (1889) studied two specimens of Chrysis uljanini lent by Radoszkowski. The female was the syntype collected at Zaravshan on the 27^th May 1896, while the male was erroneously considered as syntype. In fact, the male specimen was collected at Kizilkum on the 30^th of August 1870 and was not listed in the original description by Radoszkowki (1877), therefore it cannot be considered as a syntype. Radoszkowki (1889: fig. 51) drew the genitalia of this specimen in the revision of the genial capsulae of the Chrysididae. The male belongs to a different species and is conspecific with the male paralectotype of C. uljanini Radoszkowki collected at Tashkent and housed in ISEA-PAN.

Mocsáry (1889) understood that the two specimens of C. uljanini belong to two different species: Clariss.[imo] Auctor [Radoszkowski] sub nomineChrys. Uljanini, secundum specimina typica, duas descripserat species bene distinctas et ego denominationem solum ad marem, etiam depictum, restringo et feminam distinguendae esse censeo [based on the type specimens, Radoszkowski described two well distinct species under the name Chrysis Uljanini and I limit this name only to the male, also depicted, and the female has to be separate].

Therefore Mocsáry (1889) considered the male from Kizilkum as C. uljanini, but redescribed it under the name C. uljanini Radoszkowski & Mocsáry. He also described the female syntype of C. uljanini as C. sarafashana Mocsáry (1889).

The following authors followed Mocsáry’s (1889) interpretation and considered C. uljanini in the C. cerastes group (sensuLinsenmaier 1959) and C. sarafashana in the C. ignita group (Radoszkowki 1891: 190): Dalla Torre (1892: 92, 104), du Buysson (in André) (1895: 506, 512), Bischoff (1913: 58, 61), Tsuneki (1953: 27), Linsenmaier (1959: 159). The same identifications can be found in the most important European collections of Linsenmaier (NMLS), Zimmermann (NHMW) and Semenov-Tian-Shanskij (ZIN). Only Nikol’skaja (in Semenov-Tian-Shanskij and Nikol’skaya 1954: 130) gave the name C. uljanini to specimens belonging to the C. ignita group.

Plate 52.

Cleptes morawitzi Radoszkowski, 1877, paralectotype. A Habitus, lateral view B habitus, dorsal view.

Current status

Cleptes morawitzi Radoszkowski, 1877.

Cleptes radoszkowskii Mocsáry, 1889

Plate 53

Cleptes Radoszkowskii Mocsáry (Inédite) (in Radoszkowski) 1889: 7.

Type locality

“Caucase (Mlokosewitz)”.

Lectotype

♀ [box 59]: Caucas Nlokos [printed, sic!] // Lectotypus [printed] Clept. ♀ radoszkowskii Rad. des. Móczár 997 [handwritten] [red label].

Paralectotype

1♀ [box 59]: Caucas Mlok [printed] // golden rounded label // Radoszkovsk Moc [handwritten] // 104 [printed] // Paralectotypus [printed] C. ♀ radoszkowskii Rad. des. Móczár 1997 [handwritten] [red label].

Paralectotype

1♂ [box 59]: a-Cauc [printed] // Paralectotypus Cl. radoszkowskii Rad. des. Móczár 1996 [handwritten] [red label] // Cleptes femoralis [handwritten] det. L. Móczár, 1996.

Remarks

Kimsey and Bohart (1991: 63) included Cleptes radoszkowskii in the Cl. semiauratus group. Móczár (1997: 32) placed Cl. radoszkowskii in the subgenus Holcocleptes, Cl. aerosus group, after type examination. Móczár (1998: 338) added detailed informations, keys, description of the male and the lectotype designation. He found that the male paralectotype of Cl. radoszkowskii belongs to a different species: Cleptes femoralis Mocsáry, 1889.

Plate 53.

Cleptes radoszkowskii Mocsáry, 1889, lectotype. A Head and mesosoma, dorsal view B metasoma, dorso-lateral view.

Current status

Cleptes radoszkowskii Mocsáry, 1889.

Elampus ambiguus Eversmann, 1857

Plate 54

Elampus ambiguus Eversmann 1857: 549 nec Dahlbom, 1854.

Type locality

“Cepi in provincia Saratoviensi”.

Holotype

♂ [box 59]: scutellum armatum [hadwritten by Eversmann] // red rounded label // blue rounded label // Elampus ambiguus Dlbm [handwritten by Eversmann] // Sarat. [handwritten] // golden rounded label // Evermanni Mocs. [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // 105 [printed].

Remarks

The description provided by Linsenmaier (1959: 23) is mostly accurate. The main difference is in the colour of the specimen. The type is not entirely black-violet, but rather blue, with a few light blue metallic reflections on legs and on the lateral sides of mesonotum. Only the metanotum and the metanotal projection appear dark blue to dull black.

Plate 60.

Ellampus (Notozus) spinipes Mocsáry, 1890, holotype. A Habitus, dorsal view B fore-leg, spine on femur C head and mesosoma, dorsal view D third metasomal tergite, dorso-lateral view.

Current status

Elampus spinipes (Mocsáry, 1890) (transferred by Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 171).

Ellampus turkestanicus Mocsáry, 1889

Ellampus Turkestanicus Mocsáry 1889: 101.

Type locality

“Turkestania, Taschkend (Coll. Rad.)”.

Holotype

[sex unknown] [box 59]: 30 [printed] [light blue label] // Пейшамбе [printed] // Tachkent [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // Ellampus Turkestanicus Mocs [handwritten by Radoszkowski] // 194 [printed] [yellow label].

Remarks

The type is seriously damaged. It lacks both antennae after the scapus, all the legs, wings and the metasoma. Based on the mesosoma punctuation it belongs to the genus Pseudomalus. In the Mocsáry collection (HNHM) there are six specimens labelled as autotypes (from type n° 134857 to type n° 134862), which are not part of the type series, but they were collected in “Turkestan”, after the description.

Current status

Pseudomalus turkestanicus (Mocsáry, 1889) (transferred by Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 270).

Ellampus violascens Mocsáry, 1889

Plate 61

Ellampus (Notozus) violascensMocsáry 1889: 81.

Type locality

“Patria: Turkestania (Taschkend, Coll. Rad.)”.

Holotype

♀ [box 59]: golden rounded label // Ϲъіръ-Дарья [printed] // 106// Ellampus n.sp. violascens Mocs [handwritten by Radoszkowski].

Remarks

The type lacks the left antenna, the left mid-leg and the metasoma.

Plate 61.

Ellampus (Notozus) violascens Mocsáry, 1889, holotype. A Mesosoma, dorsal view B mesosoma, lateral view C metasoma, dorsal view D third metasomal tergite, dorso-lateral view.

Current status

Elampus violascens (Mocsáry, 1889) (transferred by Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 172).

Euchroeus amabilis Mocsáry, 1889

Euchraeus [sic!] amabilis Mocsáry (Inédite) (in Radoszkowski) 1889: 36.

Type locality

“Senegal”.

Syntype

1♂ [box 62]: golden rounded label // Seneg. [printed] [green label] // amabilis Mocs [handwritten by Radoszkowski].

Syntype

1♀ [box 62]: Seneg. [printed] [green label] // label with genitalia.

Current status

Euchroeus candens Dahlbom, 1854 (synonymised by Madl and Rosa 2012: 85).

Hedychrum callosum Radoszkovsky, 1877

Figure 8

Hedychrum callosum Radoszkovsky 1877 (1876): 108.

Type locality

“Syra”.

Holotype

♂ [box 59]: golden rounded label // Syra [handwritten] // Holopyga ahenea Dhlb. (Hed. callosum Rad.) [handwritten by Mocsáry] // 84 [printed].

Remarks

Hedychrum callosum Radoszkovsky, 1877 was considered a synonym of Hedychridium aheneum (Dahlbom, 1854) by Mocsáry (1887: 13; 1889: 146), Dalla Torre (1892: 20), and Bischoff (1913: 14). Trautmann (1927: 56) considered Hedychridium aheneum as a variety of H. incrassatum (Dahlbom, 1854), and therefore placed H. callosum in the synonymic list of H. incrassatum. The following authors (e.g. Linsenmaier 1951: 98; Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 196) re-evaluated H. aheneum, but H. callosum remained in synonym with H. incrassatum. Hedychridium incrassatum is found only in the western Mediterranean countries, while H. aheneum is spread in the eastern Mediterranean countries, Middle East and central Asia (Linsenmaier 1959, 1968). In southern Italy both H. aheneum and H. incrassatum (described from Sicily) are present (Strumia 1995).

Figure 8.

Hedychrum callosum Radoszkovsky, 1877, holotype, habitus, dorsal view.

Current status

Hedychridium aheneum (Dahlbom, 1854) (synonymised by Mocsáry 1887).

Hedychrum cyaneum Mocsáry, 1889

Hedychrum cyaneum Mocsáry (in Radoszkowski) 1889: 10 nec Brullé, 1846.

Type locality

“Sibérie orientale”.

Paralectotype

1♂ [box 59]: golden rounded label // Siberie Orient. [printed] // 109 // cyaneum Mocs. [handwritten by Mocsáry].

Remarks

Mocsáry described Hedychrum cyaneum (later replaced by He. simile) based on a type series [♂♀]. In the original description (Mocsáry (in Radoszkowski) 1889), the only type locality is Siberia orientalis. But in his monograph (Mocsáry 1889: 158, under the replacement name He. simile), he specified: Siberia orientalis (Coll. Rad.! et Mus. Hung.); China borealis (Ta-tschian-sy, Mus. Hung.). The lectotype designated by French (in Bohart and French 1986), from China, is the female listed by Mocsáry.

Current status

Hedychrum simile Mocsáry, 1889, replacement name for He. cyaneum Mocsáry 1889 (Mocsáry 1889: 158).

Hedychrum flavipes Eversmann, 1857

Figure 9

Hedychrum flavipes Eversmann 1857: 552.

Type locality

“Hab. in campis orientalibus et in promontoriis Uralensibus”.

Syntype

1♀ [box 59]: golden rounded label // Hedychrum n. sp. flavipes Evm. [handwritten by Eversmann] // [handwriting not readable] // 79 [printed].

Remarks

Plate 62.

Hedychrum solsky Radoszkowski, 1877, syntype. A Mesosoma, dorsal view B head, frontal view C metasoma, dorsal view D metasoma, dorso-lateral view.

Current status

Holopyga solskyi (Radoszkowski, 1877) (transferred by Radoszkowski 1889: 7).

Holopyga caspica Mocsáry, 1890

Plate 63

Holopyga (Hedychridium) caspicaMocsáry 1890: 53.

Type locality

“Patria: Territorium Maris Caspii (Coll. Radoszkovszkyi)”.

Holotype

♀ [box 59]: golden rounded label // M. Casp. occ. [printed] [light red label] // Holopyga n.sp. caspica Mocs. [handwritten by Mocsáry].

Remarks

The type lacks the last two flagellomeres of the left antenna, the left fore wing, and two terminal tarsal segments of the left hind-leg.

Plate 63.

Holopyga (Hedychridium) caspica Mocsáry, 1890, holotype. A Habitus, dorsal view B habitus, lateral view.

Current status

Hedychridium caspicum (Mocsáry, 1890) (transferred by du Buysson (in André) 1891: 189).

Notozus komarowi Radoszkowski, 1893

Plate 64

Notozus Komarowi Radoszkowski 1893b (1892): 79.

Type locality

“Merw”.

Holotype

♀ [box 59]: golden rounded label // Semsau Merw [printed] [yellow label] // Komarowi Rd [handwritten by Radoszkowski].

Remarks

The type is damaged, missing antennae and femora of the fore- and mid-legs. The metasoma is glued on a label. It corresponds to the female of Elampus obesus (Mocsáry, 1890). Here it is proposed as new synonym of E. komarowi (Radoszkowski, 1893) = E. obesus (Mocsáry, 1890).

Plate 64.

Notozus komarowi Radoszkowski, 1893, holotype. A Mesosoma, dorso-lateral view B metasoma, dorsal view C third metasomal tergite, posterior view.

Current status

Elampus obesus (Mocsáry, 1890).

Notozus productus var. vulgatus du Buysson, 1892

Notozus productus var. vulgatus du Buysson (in André) 1892: 100.

Type locality

“France, Belgique, Allemagne, Russie, Suisse, Grèce, Turkestan.”.

Syntype

1♀ [box 59]: Atrek [handwritten by Radoszkowski] [yellow label] // [undreadble] [handwritten] // Notozus productus Dahlb. var. vulgatus Buyss. [handwritten by du Buysson].

Remarks

This syntype lacks the head. This syntype belongs to or is closely related to E. constrictus (Förster) sensuMóczár (1964a).

Current status

Elampus spina (Lepeletier, 1806) (synonymised and transferred by Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 171).

Olochrysis eldari Radoszkowski, 1893

Plate 65

Olochrysis Eldari Radoszkowski 1893a: 242.

Type locality

“Caucase, Eldar”.

Holotype

♀ [box 60]: Eldar Caucas [printed] // Eldari [handwritten by Radoszkowski?].

Remarks

Kimsey and Bohart (1991: 489) placed Olochrysis eldari in the genus Chrysura Dahlbom, C. radians group, without type examination. It belongs to the genus Chrysis, elegans group. It is the first available name for Chrysis angustifrons var. ignicollis Trautmann, 1926. C. angustifrons var. ignicollis was described as a variety of C. angustifrons and it was elevated to species rank by Linsenmaier (1959). Linsenmaier (1959, 1968, 1987) did not list C. eldari in his revisions. We propose the new combination: Chrysis eldari (Radoszkowski 1893), and the new synonym: Chrysis angustifrons var. ignicollis Trautmann, 1926 = Chrysis eldari (Radoszkowski, 1893). In HNHM, we examined male and female specimens of Chrysis rubricollis du Buysson, 1900 collected at Burnabat (Turkey) and identified by du Buysson and Mocsáry. They all match the original description and belong to Chrysis eldari. Therefore we also propose the new synonym: Chrysis rubricollis du Buysson, 1900 = Chrysis eldari (Radoszkowski, 1893).

Plate 65.

Olochrysis eldari Radoszkowski, 1893, holotype. A Habitus, lateral view B habitus, dorsal view C head, frontal view D mesosoma, dorsal view E third metasomal tergite in dorsal view F metasoma, ventral view.

Current status

Chrysis eldari (Radoszkowski, 1893), comb. n..

Parnopes popovii Eversmann, 1857

Figure 12

Panorpes [sic!] popoviiEversmann 1857: 615.

Type locality

“Hab. in campis orientalibus”.

Holotype

♀ [box 62]: golden rounded label // red rounded label // Panorpes popovii Evm. [handwritten by Eversmann] // [unreadable].

The type locality is “Mongolie: Kansu-Kobden-Owatu”. Kimsey (in Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 215) designated the lectotype at MNHN. In MNHN (box 17 in the general collection) under the name Hedychrum lama there are two specimens: one from Mongolia, labelled by du Buysson as “type”, and bearing a red label “Type” pinned by someone else; the other specimen from Quetta, Pakistan (Baluchistan, leg. Nurse, 1904), was labelled by du Buysson as “type”. None bears Kimsey’s lectotype label. The specimen from Pakistan is not a syntype, since it is not mentioned in the type series, and it was collected or received after the date of description. The female housed in Kraków (label: Hedychrum lama Buyss. ♀ [handwritten by du Buysson] // Kansu Taitong-Che 1/V 1886 [handwritten]) was later cited by du Buysson (1893: 247) and it is not a type. The specimen from Mongolia in MNHN must be considered as a holotype by monotypy.

Types not found in the Radoszkowski collection

Kimsey and Bohart (1991) listed nine other taxa described by different authors whose types should be housed in Kraków, but there is no other published evidence that they were placed in Kraków. They could be housed in other collections (e.g. MNHN, HNHM, MNHU and so on); they could also be hidden in the Radoszkowski collection and we were not able to recognize them.

The nine types not found in the collection are: Chrysis alexandri du Buysson (currently Spintharina), C. angolensis Radoszkovsky, C. baeri Radoszkovsky (currently Chrysura), C. diacantha Mocsáry, C. humboldti var. minor Mocsáry (currently Pseudospinolia), C. olivierii Radoszkowski, C. pyrocoelia Mocsáry (currently Chrysura), C. undulata Radoszkovsky, and Parnopes grandior var. caspicus Radoszkowski.

Conclusions

Radoszkowski is considered as a pioneer in the study of Chrysididae as he described a large number of species, he was the first author to study the Central Asiatic chrysidis, and because he was the first who recognised the taxonomic importance of male genitalia in this family. However, the types and other specimens included in his collection were not available during the major revisional works (Trautmann 1927; Balthasar 1953; Linsenmaier 1959, 1968; Kimsey and Bohart 1991). Also Semenov-Tian-Shanskij and Nikol’skaja could not study Radoszkowski specimens housed in Kraków and examined only the types preserved in the Fedtschenko collection in MMU (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij 1932). Since there are no published images of the types housed in Radoszkowski collection and because some type specimens had been misinterpreted in the past, the catalogue is illustrated with images to facilitate future identifications.

In the present paper, we arrange for the first time eleven species in species-groups and we change species group for seven species; we confirm that ninety-three primary types by du Buysson, Eversmann, Mocsáry and Radoszkowski are preserved in the Radoszkowski collection. In Kimsey and Bohart (1991) they were placed in Kraków doubtfully. Moreover we found that the types of other three species (Chrysis asiatica Radoszkowski, 1889, C. indigotea var. daghestanica Mocsáry, 1889, and C. octavii du Buysson, 1895) are here deposited; lastly we found that types of seven taxa (Brugmoia pellucida Radoszkowski, 1877, Chrysis barrei Radoszkowski, 1891, C. sabulosa Radoszkowski, 1877, Ellampus hypocrita du Buysson, 1893, Hedychrum solskyi Radoszkowski, 1877, Notozus productus var. vulgatus du Buysson, 1892, Stilbum splendidum var. caspicum du Buysson, 1896) are housed in the Radoszkowski collection and not only in MNHU, MNHN or MMU.

Acknowledgments

We wish to thank Dr. Daniel Kubisz and Dr. Dawid Moroń (ISEA-PAN, Kraków, Poland), for their help during the stay of Paolo Rosa in Kraków and during the work in the collection; Alexander V. Antropov (Moscow, Russia) for pictures of the lectotype of Chrysis uljanini, nomeclatural discussions and for providing Fedtschenko’s collecting labels code. We are grateful to the following curators for their cooperation and assistance in the study of the type material: Dr. Marco Bernasconi (NMLS, Switzerland); Dr. Sergey Belokobylskij (ZIN, Russia); Dr. Roy Danielsson (LZM, Sweden); Dr. Frank Koch (MNHU, Germany); Dr. Bernard Merz (MHNG, Switzerland); Dr. Roberto Poggi (MSNG, Italy); Dr. Zoltán Vas (HNHM, Hungary); Dr. Lars Bjørn Vilhelmsen (ZMU, Denmark). We are also grateful to Werner Arens (Bad Hersfeld, Germany) and Dr. Villu Soon (Tartu, Estonia) for reading the manuscript and their useful comments; David Baldock (Milford Surrey, England) for proofreading the English text, and to two reviewers and subject editor Dr. Michael Engel for their valuable comments and suggestions, which helped to improve the manuscript.

The study was partly supported by SYNTHESYS Project http://www.synthesys.info/ which is financed by European Community Research Infrastructure Action under the FP7 "Capacities" Program" (HU-TAF-4013), by the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2013CB127600) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30770265).

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1† Deceased