Research Article |
Corresponding author: Cong Liu ( cong.liu0514@gmail.com ) Academic editor: Marek Borowiec
© 2015 Cong Liu, Benoit Guénard, Francisco Hita Garcia, Seiki Yamane, Benjamin Blanchard, Da-Rong Yang, Evan Economo.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Liu C, Guénard B, Garcia FH, Yamane S, Blanchard B, Yang D-R, Economo E (2015) New records of ant species from Yunnan, China. ZooKeys 477: 17-78. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.477.8775
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As with many other regions of the world, significant collecting, curation, and taxonomic efforts will be needed to complete the inventory of China’s ant fauna. This is especially true for the highly diverse tropical regions in the south of the country, where moist tropical forests harbor high species richness typical of the Southeast Asian region. We inventoried ants in the Xingshuangbanna prefecture, Yunnan, in June 2013, using a variety of methods including Winkler extraction and hand collection to sample ant diversity. We identified 213 species/morphospecies of ants from 10 subfamilies and 61 genera. After identification of 148 valid species of the 213 total species collected, 40 species represent new records for Yunnan province and 17 species are newly recorded for China. This increases the total number of named ant species in Yunnan and China to 447 and 951 respectively. The most common species collected were Brachyponera luteipes and Vollenhovia emeryi. Only one confirmed exotic species Strumigenys membranifera, was collected, although several others were potentially introduced by humans. These results highlight the high biodiversity value of the region, but also underscore how much work remains to fully document the native myrmecofauna.
China, Formicidae , new records, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan
The understanding of regional and global patterns of insect diversity is limited by our incomplete accounting of Earth’s species, especially for tropical regions where species richness peaks in most taxonomic groups. This is also true for Formicidae, an ecologically dominant insect family comprising at least 15,000 described species (
Towards that end, here we present the results of an ant survey conducted during the summer of 2013 in the area of Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, in the south of China. In particular, our goal here is to document new records of ant species detected in Yunnan, and some new records for China as a whole. The geographic location of Yunnan (ranging from 21.15°N to 29.20°N of latitude) and its topography (elevation range from < 100m to 6740m) render it the most diverse province of China in terms of ant diversity (406 species) (
While elements of China’s ant fauna may be undocumented due to a lack of sampling in certain geographic regions, there are many taxa likely hidden in areas that have been sampled historically. In particular, methods targeting specifically subterranean or leaf litter ants have been rarely used in China, which as a result might bias our detection of ant species from specific strata. One of the most successful sampling techniques for collecting leaf litter ants, Winkler extraction, which is now commonly used for ant fauna surveys all over the world (
Ant specimens were collected from primary forest, secondary forest and rubber plantation habitats near Menglun town, Xishuangbanna Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China during a survey in June 2013. Ants from leaf litter of multiple sites were collected and extracted by mini Winkler extractors for 72 hours using the shuffling method as described in
Samples were first sorted to morphospecies in alcohol, and up to three representatives of each morphospecies per sample were point-mounted. Each mounted specimen was assigned a unique specimen code, in this case a CASENT number, and traditional locality and collection labels. All mounted and alcohol-preserved ant specimens are currently located in EPE’s lab at the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University. Extended depth of field specimen images were taken with an incorporated Leica DFC400 digital camera mounted on a Leica M205C stereomicroscope through the Leica Application Suite V4 software. All specimens were identified to genus using Bolton’s key (
Species distributions presented in the following maps are based on records reported here at the country level, or for the larger countries (China, India, Japan), at the first administration level. For large islands (e.g. Borneo, Sumatra, New Guinea) that form natural biogeographic units, we used the island boundary instead of political boundaries similar to a previous study (
Over 20000 specimens from 61 genera and 213 valid species and morphospecies were collected during this ant diversity survey (Table
Species | Collection record |
---|---|
Aenictinae | |
Aenictus artipus Wilson, 1964 | N* |
Aenictus hodgsoni Forel, 1901 | N |
Aenictus maneerati Jaitrong & Yamane, 2013 | N* |
Aenictus paradentatus Jaitrong, Yamane & Tasen, 2012 | N* |
Aenictus thailandianus Terayama & Kubota, 1993 | N |
Aenictus clm01 | |
Aenictus clm04 | |
Amblyoponinae | |
Bannapone scrobiceps Guénard, Blanchard, Liu, Yang & Economo, 2013 | N* |
Mystrium camillae Emery, 1889 | |
Cerapachyinae | |
Cerapachys clm01 | |
Cerapachys sulcinodis Emery, 1889 | |
Cerapachys typhlus (Roger, 1861) | |
Dolichoderinae | |
Chronoxenus wroughtonii (Forel, 1985) | |
Dolichoderus affinis Emery, 1889 | |
Dolichoderus laotius Santschi, 1920 | N* |
Dolichoderus squamanodus Xu, 2001 | |
Dolichoderus thoracicus (Smith, 1860) | |
Iridomyrmex anceps (Roger, 1863) | |
Tapinoma indicum Forel, 1895 | |
Tapinoma melanocephalum (Fabricius, 1793) | |
Tapinoma clm04 | |
Technomyrmex albipes (Smith, 1861) | |
Technomyrmex horni Forel, 1912 | |
Technomyrmex pratensis (Smith, 1860) | N |
Ectatomminae | |
Gnamptogenys costata (Emery, 1989) | N* |
Gnamptogenys bicolor (Emery, 1989) | |
Gnamptogenys treta Lattke, 2004 | N* |
Formicinae | |
Acropyga nipponensis Terayama, 1985 | |
Anoplolepis gracilipes (Smith, 1857) | |
Camponotus lasiselene Wang & Wu, 1994 | |
Camponotus mitis (Smith, 1858) | |
Camponotus parius Emery, 1889 | |
Camponotus singularis Smith, 1858 | |
Camponotus clm02 | |
Camponotus clm03 | |
Camponotus clm04 | |
Camponotus clm07 | |
Camponotus clm08 | |
Camponotus clm09 | |
Echinopla cherapunjiensis Bharti & Gul, 2012 | N |
Gesomyrmex kalshoveni Wheeler, W.M. 1929 | N* |
Lepisiota opaca (Forel, 1892) | |
Lepisiota rothneyi (Forel, 1894) | |
Myrmoteras binghamii Forel, 1893 | |
Myrmoteras cuneonodum Xu, 1998 | |
Nylanderia clm01 | |
Nylanderia clm02 | |
Nylanderia clm03 | |
Nylanderia clm04 | |
Nylanderia clm05 | |
Nylanderia clm06 | |
Oecophylla smaragdina (Fabricius, 1775) | |
Paraparatrechina clm01 | |
Paraparatrechina clm02 | |
Paraparatrechina clm03 | |
Paraparatrechina clm04 | |
Plagiolepis clm01 | |
Polyrhachis armata (Le Guillou, 1842) | |
Polyrhachis bicolor Mayr, 1862 | |
Polyrhachis bihamata (Drury, 1773) | |
Polyrhachis furcata Emery, 1889 | |
Polyrhachis halidayi Emery, 1889 | |
Polyrhachis hippomanes Smith, 1861 | |
Polyrhachis illaudata Walker, 1859 | |
Polyrhachis illaudata pauperata Emery, 1889 | |
Prenolepis naoroji Forel, 1902 | |
Prenolepis sphingthoraxa Zhou & Zheng, 1998 | N |
Pseudolasius cibdelus Wu & Wang, 1992 | |
Pseudolasius emeryi Forel, 1915 | |
Pseudolasius silvestrii Wheeler, 1927 | |
Myrmicinae | |
Acanthomyrmex luciolae Emery, 1893 | |
Aphaenogaster beccarii Emery, 1887 | |
Aphaenogaster feae Emery, 1889 | |
Aphaenogaster clm05 | |
Cardiocondyla wroughtonii (Forel, 1890) | |
Carebara affinis (Jerdon, 1851) | |
Carebara altinoda (Xu, 2003) | |
Carebara bruni (Forel, 1913) | |
Carebara diversa (Jerdon, 1851) | |
Carebara melasolena (Zhou & Zheng, 1997) | N |
Carebara clm01 | |
Carebara clm05 | |
Carebara clm06 | |
Carebara clm07 | |
Carebara clm08 | |
Carebara clm09 | |
Carebara clm10 | |
Carebara clm11 | |
Carebara clm12 | |
Carebara clm13 | |
Cataulacus granulatus (Latreille, 1802) | |
Crematogaster dohrni Mayr, 1879 | |
Crematogaster ferrarii Emery, 1888 | |
Crematogaster millardi Forel, 1902 | |
Crematogaster osakensis Forel, 1900 | |
Crematogaster politula Forel, 1902 | |
Crematogaster rothneyi Mayr, 1879 | |
Crematogaster clm05 | |
Crematogaster clm09 | |
Crematogaster clm10 | |
Crematogaster clm11 | |
Dilobocondyla fouqueti Santschi, 1910 | |
Kartidris ashima Xu & Zheng, 1995 | |
Lophomyrmex quadrispinosus (Jerdon, 1851) | |
Lordomyrma idianale Taylor, 2012 | |
Meranoplus laeviventris Emery, 1889 | |
Monomorium chinense Santschi, 1925 | |
Monomorium pharaonis (Linnaeus, 1758) | |
Monomorium clm01 | |
Monomorium clm02 | |
Monomorium clm05 | |
Monomorium clm06 | |
Myrmecina curvispina Zhou, Huang & Ma L., 2008 | N |
Myrmecina guangxiensis Zhou, 2001 | N |
Pheidole hongkongensis Wheeler, 1928 | N |
Pheidole noda Smith, 1874 | |
Pheidole pieli Santschi, 1925 | |
Pheidole plagiaria Smith, 1860 | N |
Pheidole planifrons Santschi, 1920 | N |
Pheidole roberti Forel, 1902 | |
Pheidole rugithorax Eguchi, 2008 | N |
Pheidole sagei Forel, 1902 | |
Pheidole smythiesii Forel, 1902 | N |
Pheidole tumida Eguchi, 2008 | N |
Pheidole vieti Eguchi, 2008 | N* |
Pheidole zoceana Santschi, 1925 | N |
Pheidole clm03 | |
Pheidole clm04 | |
Pheidole clm07 | |
Pheidole clm12 | |
Pheidole clm13 | |
Pheidole clm16 | |
Pheidole clm18 | |
Pheidole clm22 | |
Pheidole clm13 | |
Pristomyrmex brevispinosus Emery, 1887 | |
Pristomyrmex hamatus Xu & Zhang, 2002 | |
Pristomyrmex punctatus (Smith, 1860) | |
Recurvidris recurvispinosa (Forel, 1890) | |
Recurvidris kemneri (Wheeler & Wheeler, 1954) | N* |
Solenopsis jacoti Wheeler, 1923 | |
Strumigenys ailaoshana (Xu & Zhou, 2004) | |
Strumigenys dyschima (Bolton, 2000) | N* |
Strumigenys exilirhina Bolton, 2000 | |
Strumigenys feae Emery, 1895 | |
Strumigenys kichijo (Terayama, Lin & Wu, 1996) | N |
Strumigenys lyroessa (Roger, 1862) | |
Strumigenys membranifera Emery, 1869 | |
Strumigenys mitis (Brown, 2000) | N |
Strumigenys mutica (Brown, 1949) | |
Strumigenys nanzanensis Lin & Wu, 1996 | |
Strumigenys nepalensis Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994 | N* |
Strumigenys rallarhina Bolton, 2000 | N |
Strumigenys sauteri (Forel, 1912) | N |
Tetramorium aptum Bolton, 1977 | |
Tetramorium ciliatum Bolton, 1977 | |
Tetramorium difficile Bolton, 1977 | N* |
Tetramorium flavipes Emery, 1893 | N* |
Tetramorium kheperra (Bolton, 1976) | |
Tetramorium kraepelini Forel, 1905 | |
Tetramorium nipponense Wheeler, 1928 | |
Tetramorium parvispinum (Emery, 1893) | N |
Tetramorium polymorphum Yamane & Jaitrong, 2011 | N* |
Tetramorium tonganum Mayr, 1870 | N |
Tetramorium clm03 | |
Tetramorium clm10 | |
Tetramorium clm18 | |
Tetramorium clm19 | |
Vollenhovia emeryi Wheeler, 1906 | |
Ponerinae | |
Anochetus graeffei Mayr, 1870 | |
Anochetus mixtus Radchenko, 1993 | |
Anochetus myops Emery, 1893 | |
Anochetus clm04 | |
Brachyponera luteipes (Mayr, 1862) | |
Diacamma clm01 | |
Ectomomyrmex astutus (Smith, 1858) | |
Ectomomyrmex leeuwenhoeki (Forel, 1886) | |
Ectomomyrmex lobocarenus (Xu, 1995) | |
Ectomomyrmex clm01 | |
Ectomomyrmex clm02 | |
Ectomomyrmex clm03 | |
Ectomomyrmex clm04 | |
Emeryopone melaina Xu, 1998 | |
Hypoponera clm01 | |
Hypoponera clm02 | |
Hypoponera clm03 | |
Hypoponera clm04 | |
Hypoponera clm05 | |
Hypoponera clm06 | |
Hypoponera clm07 | |
Leptogenys birmana Forel, 1900 | |
Leptogenys chinensis (Mayr, 1870) | |
Leptogenys crassicornis Emery, 1895 | |
Leptogenys diminuta (Smith, 1857) | |
Leptogenys lucidula Emery, 1895 | |
Leptogenys mengzii Xu, 2000 | |
Leptogenys clm01 | |
Leptogenys clm02 | |
Leptogenys clm09 | |
Myopias hania Xu & Liu, 2011 | |
Odontomachus clm01 | |
Odontoponera denticulata (Smith, 1858) | N |
Platythyrea parallela (Smith, 1859) | |
Pseudoneoponera rufipes (Forel, 1911) | |
Proceratinae | |
Discothyrea clavicornis Emery, 1897 | N* |
Discothyrea kamiteta Kubota & Terayama, 1999 | N |
Probolomyrmex longiscapus Xu & Zeng, 2000 | |
Proceratium deelemani Perrault, 1981 | N* |
Pseudomyrmecinae | |
Tetraponera amargina Xu & Chai, 2004 | |
Tetraponera allaborans (Walker, 1859) | |
Tetraponera attenuata Smith, 1877 | |
Tetraponera concava Xu & Chai, 2004 |
CHINA, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna: Man Sai village (21.858°N, 101.277°E), Rubber plantation, 12.vi.2013, 5 workers, 705m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Man Sai village (21.860°N, 101.278°E), Secondary forest, 12.vi.2013, 18 workers, 680m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu.
Yunnan (new record), Vietnam and Thailand (Figure
Aenictus artipus worker, CASENT0717199. A Head in front view B Mesosoma in profile view C Global distribution map.
Aenictus artipus belongs to the Aenictus wroughtonii species group and can be easily identified with the identification key provided by
Aenictus artipus has been collected from leaf litter in various habitats such as secondary forest and rubber plantation located near natural secondary forest. In addition, A. artipus has also been found in different habitats such as montane evergreen forest, savanna forest, evergreen forest and disturbed forest (
CHINA, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna: Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden (known as ‘XTBG’) (21.919°N, 101.270°E), Secondary forest, 08.vi.2013, 12 workers, 610m, Hand collection, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Kilometer 55 station (21.966°N, 101.203°E), Secondary forest, 13.vi.2013, 40 workers, 825m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu.
Widely distributed in the Indo-Malayan subregions (Figure
Aenictus hodgsoni worker, CASENT0716190. A Head in front view B Mesosoma in profile view C Global distribution map.
Aenictus hodgsoni belongs to the Aenictus laeviceps s species group and can be easily identified with the identification key provided by
Aenictus hodgsoni has been collected from leaf litter and foraging columns on the forest ground in secondary forest. This species has also been found from lowland to highland in varied forest types (hill evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, evergreen rain forest, mixed deciduous forest, and savanna) (
CHINA, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna: XTBG (21.916°N, 101.274°E), Secondary forest, 08.vi.2013, 1 worker, 615m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu.
Yunnan (new record), Vietnam and Thailand (Figure
Aenictus maneerati worker, CASENT0717211. A Head in front view B Mesosoma in profile view C Global distribution map.
Aenictus hodgsoni belongs to the Aenictus ceylonicus species group and can be easily identified with the identification key provided by
Little is known about the bionomics of Aenictus hodgsoni. Before our survey, it has been only collected from primary forest (
CHINA, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna: XTBG (21.911°N, 101.281°E), Limestone forest, 06.vi.2013, 46 workers, 655m, Hand collection, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu.
Yunnan (new record), Vietnam, Laos, and Thailand (Figure
Aenictus paradentatus worker, CASENT0716195. A Head in front view B Mesosoma in profile view C Global distribution map.
Aenictus paradentatus is very similar to Aenictus dentatus Forel, 1911, and can be easily identified with the key of
Aenictus paradentatus has been collected from foraging columns on the ground in limestone forest, but was also reported to be found in other forest habitats, ranging from primary forest to disturbed forest (
CHINA, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna: XTBG (21.919°N, 101.274°E), Secondary forest, 11.vi.2013, 19 workers, 590m, Hand collection, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Man Sai village (21.857°N, 101.277°E), Rubber plantation, 12.vi.2013, 19 workers, 680m, Hand collection, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Man Sai village (21.857°N, 101.277°E), Rubber plantation, 12.vi.2013, 254 workers, 680m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu.
Yunnan (new record), Hunan, Vietnam and Thailand (Figure
Aenictus thailandianus worker, CASENT0717202. A Head in front view B Mesosoma in profile view C Global distribution map.
Aenictus thailandianus belongs to the Aenictus ceylonicus species group and can be easily identified with the identification key presented by
Aenictus thailandianus has only been found at higher elevations (1000–1500m) in primary and secondary forest (
CHINA, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna: XTBG (21.919°N, 101.272°E), Secondary forest, 05.vi.2013, 2 workers, 550m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu.
Yunnan (new record) (Figure
Bannapone scrobiceps worker, CASENT0339957. A Head in front view B Mesosoma in profile view C Global distribution map.
Bannapone scrobiceps was described recently (
Little is known about the bionomics of Bannapone scrobiceps. The species was collected from leaf litter in secondary forest located at 550 meters elevation (
CHINA, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna: Kilometer 55 station (21.960°N, 101.199°E), Rain forest, 10.vi.2013, 23 workers, 840m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu.
Widely distributed in Middle and South China (Figure
Carebara melasolena worker, CASENT0714818. A Head in front view B Mesosoma in profile view C Global distribution map.
Carebara melasolena can be identified with the key provided by
Carebara melasolena has been collected from leaf litter in primary forest.
CHINA, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna: Kilometer 55 station (21.962°N, 101.200°E), Rain forest, 10.vi.2013, 1 worker, 830m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Kilometer 55 station (21.962°N, 101.200°E), Rain forest, 13.vi.2013, 8 workers, 805m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Kilometer 55 station (21.962°N, 101.201°E), Rain forest, 13.vi.2013, 1 worker, 815m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Kilometer 55 station (21.964°N, 101.202°E), Rain forest, 13.vi.2013, 3 workers, 820m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Menglun town (21.932°N, 101.270°E), Rubber plantation, 09.vi.2013, 12 workers, 645m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; XTBG (21.919°N, 101.272°E), Secondary forest, 05.vi.2013, 6 worker, 550m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; XTBG (21.912°N, 101.285°E), Limestone forest, 06.vi.2013, 3 workers, 680m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; XTBG (21.919°N, 101.274°E), Limestone forest, 05.vi.2013, 15 workers, 552m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; XTBG (21.911°N, 101.284°E), Limestone forest, 06.vi.2013, 1 worker, 690m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; XTBG (21.918°N, 101.271°E), Rain forest, 05.vi.2013, 3 workers, 581m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; XTBG (21.911°N, 101.281°E), Limestone forest, 05.vi.2013, 1 worker, 650m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; XTBG (21.916°N, 101.274°E), Rain forest, 08.vi.2013, 3 workers, 615m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; XTBG (21.917°N, 101.274°E), Rain forest, 08.vi.2013, 2 workers, 625m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Banna University construction site (21.922°N, 101.268°E), Rubber plantation, 14.vi.2013, 3 workers, 620m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu.
Discothyrea clavicornis is a very widespread and common species encountered throughout most of the Austral-Asian and Indo-Malayan subregions (Figure
Discothyrea clavicornis worker, CASENT0735814. A Head in front view B Mesosoma in profile view C Global distribution map.
There is no available key for Discothyrea clavicornis. Our identification is based on the original description (
Discothyrea clavicornis has been collected from leaf litter in various habitats such as primary forest, limestone forest and rubber plantation.
CHINA, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna: Kilometer 55 station (21.963°N, 101.201°E), Rain forest, 13.vi.2013, 1 worker, 815m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; XTBG (21.911°N, 101.283°E), Limestone forest, 06.vi.2013, 1 worker, 675m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; XTBG (21.917°N, 101.274°E), Secondary forest, 08.vi.2013, 1 worker, 625m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Man Sai village (21.858°N, 101.276°E), Secondary forest, 12.vi.2013, 1 worker, 690m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu.
Yunnan (new record), Hunan, Okinawa (Figure
Discothyrea kamiteta worker, CASENT0717828. A Head in front view B Mesosoma in profile view C Global distribution map.
Discothyrea kamiteta is very similar to the recently described Discothyrea banna Xu, Burwell & Nakamura, 2014. Both species seem to be very close morphologically, and their separation is based on minor differences, which could also be attributed to intraspecific variation. The identification is based on the original description of D. kamiteta, comparison with D. kamiteta material from the type locality (Okinawa), and Xu’s key (Xu et al. 2014)
Discothyrea kamiteta has been collected from leaf litter in various habitats, such as primary forest, limestone forest and secondary forest.
CHINA, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna: Man Sai village (21.858°N, 101.276°E), Secondary forest, 12.vi.2013, 5 worker, 690m, Hand collection, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu.
Yunnan (new record), Laos, Thailand (Figure
Dolichoderus laotius worker, CASENT0716164. A Head in front view B Alitrunk in profile view C Global distribution map.
There is no available key for the genus in the region. Our identification is based on the description provided by
Little is known about the bionomics of Dolichoderus laotius. This species has been collected on a tree trunk in secondary forest.
CHINA, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna: XTBG (21.919°N, 101.273°E), Secondary forest, 08.vi.2013, 1 worker, 615m, Hand collection, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu.
Yunnan (new record) and Meghalaya (Figure
Echinopla cherapunjiensis worker, CASENT0716524. A Head in front view B Mesosoma in profile view C Global distribution map.
There is no available key for this genus. Identification is based on the original description (
Little is known about the bionomics of Echinopla cherapunjiensis. This species has been collected on a tree trunk in secondary forest.
CHINA, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna: XTBG (21.925°N, 101.270°E), Forest fragment, 08.vi.2013, 1 worker, 615m, Hand collection, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu.
Yunnan (new record), Malaysia and Indonesia (Figure
Gesomyrmex kalshoveni worker, CASENT0716525. A Head in front view B Mesosoma in profile view C Global distribution map.
There is no available key for this genus. The identification is based on the original description (
Little is known about the bionomics of Gesomyrmex kalshoveni. It has been collected from a small branch of a tree on the side of road.
CHINA, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna: XTBG (21.911°N, 101.281°E), Limestone forest, 06.vi.2013, 1 worker, 655m, Hand collection, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; XTBG (21.919°N, 101.274°E), Rain forest, 08.vi.2013, 2 workers, 615m, Hand collection, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu
Widely distributed in the Austral-Asian and Indo-Malayan subregions (Figure
Gnamptogenys costata worker, CASENT0715692. A Head in front view B Mesosoma in profile view C Global distribution map.
The identification is based on the key provided by
Gnamptogenys costata has been collected from foraging columns on the ground in rain forest and limestone forest.
CHINA, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna: XTBG (21.912°N, 101.285°E), Limestone forest, 06.vi.2013, 1 worker, 655m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; “Holy Hills” (21.920°N, 101.240°E), Rain forest, 07.vi.2013, 1 worker, 665m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Menglun town (21.932°N, 101.271°E), Rubber plantation, 09.vi.2013, 7 workers, 645m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Man Sai village (21.858°N, 101.277°E), Secondary forest, 12.vi.2013, 2 workers, 690m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Kilometer 55 station (21.962°N, 101.200°E), Rain forest, 13.vi.2013, 10 workers, 865m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu
Known from Yunnan (new record) and Borneo (Figure
Gnamptogenys treta worker, CASENT0715166. A Head in front view B Mesosoma in profile view C Global distribution map.
The identification is based on the key provided by
Gnamptogenys treta has been collected from the leaf litter in rain forest, secondary forest and limestone forest and rubber plantation.
CHINA, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna: “Holy Hills” (21.920°N, 101.240°E), Rain forest, 07.vi.2013, 1 worker, 655m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; “Holy Hills” (21.919°N, 101.239°E), Rain forest, 07.vi.2013, 1 worker, 670m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Kilometer 55 station (21.961°N, 101.200°E), Rain forest, 10.vi.2013, 1 worker, 820m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Kilometer 55 station (21.966°N, 101.203°E), Secondary forest, 13.vi.2013, 12 workers, 840m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Kilometer 55 station (21.963°N, 101.201°E), Rain forest, 13.vi.2013, 14 workers, 815m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Man Sai village (21.858°N, 101.277°E), Rubber plantation, 12.vi.2013, 1 worker, 705m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu;: Man Sai village (21.907°N, 101.273°E), Rubber plantation, 12.vi.2013, 2 workers, 635m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu;: Man Sai village (21.858°N, 101.277°E), Secondary forest, 12.vi.2013, 2 workers, 685m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Man Sai village (21.858°N, 101.276°E), Secondary forest, 12.vi.2013, 3 workers, 690m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Man Sai village (21.860°N, 101.278°E), Secondary forest, 12.vi.2013, 2 workers, 680m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Menglun town (21.932°N, 101.271°E), Rubber plantation, 09.vi.2013, 3 workers, 640m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; XTBG (21.919°N, 101.272°E), Secondary forest, 05.vi.2013, 1 worker, 550m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; XTBG (21.912°N, 101.182°E), Limestone forest, 06.vi.2013, 9 workers, 640m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Banna University construction site (21.888°N, 101.266°E), Rubber Plantation, 14.vi.2013, 7 workers, 600m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Banna University construction site (21.889°N, 101.267°E), Rubber Plantation, 14.vi.2013, 3 workers, 630m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Banna University construction site (21.890°N, 101.267°E), Rubber Plantation, 14.vi.2013, 2 workers, 620m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu.
Yunnan (new record) and Guangxi (Figure
Myrmecina curvispina worker, CASENT0713308. A Head in front view B Mesosoma in profile view C Global distribution map.
The identification is based on the original description and the identification key given by
Myrmecina curvispina has been collected from the leaf litter of various habitats such as rain forest, secondary forest and rubber plantation.
CHINA, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna: XTBG (21.912°N, 101.285°E), Secondary forest, 05.vi.2013, 4 workers, 552m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; XTBG (21.919°N, 101.274°E), Limestone forest, 06.vi.2013, 1 worker, 680m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; XTBG (21.911°N, 101.281°E), Limestone forest, 06.vi.2013, 2 workers, 650m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Kilometer 55 station (21.960°N, 101.199°E), Rain forest, 10.vi.2013, 1 worker, 840m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Kilometer 55 station (21.963°N, 101.201°E), Rain forest, 13.vi.2013, 9 workers, 815m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu.
Yunnan (new record), Guangxi and Hunan (Figure
Myrmecina guangxiensis worker, CASENT0713314. A Head in front view B Mesosoma in profile view C Global distribution map.
Identification is based on the key provided by
Myrmecina guangxiensis has been collected from leaf litter in rain forest, secondary forest and limestone forest.
CHINA, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna: “Holy Hills” (21.920°N, 101.240°E), Secondary forest, 07.vi.2013, 1 worker, 655m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; “Holy Hills” (21.920°N, 101.239°E), Secondary forest, 07.vi.2013, 2 workers, 665m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Kilometer 55 station (21.966°N, 101.203°E), Secondary forest, 13.vi.2013, 1 worker, 825m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Kilometer 55 station (21.966°N, 101.203°E), Secondary forest, 13.vi.2013, 1 worker, 840m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Kilometer 55 station (21.962°N, 101.200°E), Rain forest, 13.vi.2013, 3 workers, 805m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Kilometer 55 station (21.963°N, 101.201°E), Rain forest, 13.vi.2013, 2 workers, 815m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Kilometer 55 station (21.964°N, 101.202°E), Rain forest, 13.vi.2013, 1 worker, 820m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Man Sai village (21.907°N, 101.273°E), Rubber plantation, 12.vi.2013, 1 worker, 635m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Man Sai village (21.860°N, 101.278°E), Rubber plantation, 12.vi.2013, 1 worker, 710m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Man Sai village (21.858°N, 101.276°E), Secondary forest, 12.vi.2013, 1 worker, 685m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Man Sai village (21.860°N, 101.278°E), Secondary forest, 12.vi.2013, 1 worker, 680m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Menglun town (21.933°N, 101.269°E), Rubber plantation, 09.vi.2013, 1 worker, 655m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Menglun town (21.932°N, 101.271°E), Rubber plantation, 09.vi.2013, 5 workers, 640m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Menglun town (21.932°N, 101.270°E), Rubber plantation, 09.vi.2013, 2 workers, 645m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Menglun town (21.932°N, 101.269°E), Rubber plantation, 09.vi.2013, 1 worker, 645m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; XTBG (21.924°N, 101.268°E), Rubber plantation, 06.vi.2013, 3 workers, 571m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; XTBG (21.919°N, 101.272°E), Secondary forest, 05.vi.2013, 1 worker, 550m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; XTBG (21.911°N, 101.284°E), Limestone forest, 06.vi.2013, 3 workers, 690m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; XTBG (21.912°N, 101.282°E), Limestone forest, 05.vi.2013, 1 worker, 640m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; XTBG (21.917°N, 101.274°E), Secondary forest, 08.vi.2013, 1 worker, 625m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Banna University construction site (21.889°N, 101.267°E), Rubber Plantation, 14.vi.2013, 4 workers, 630m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Banna University construction site (21.888°N, 101.266°E), Rubber Plantation, 14.vi.2013, 2 workers, 600m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Banna University construction site (21.888°N, 101.266°E), Rubber Plantation, 14.vi.2013, 3 workers, 620m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Banna University construction site (21.889°N, 101.267°E), Rubber Plantation, 14.vi.2013, 3 workers, 630m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Banna University construction site (21.922°N, 101.268°E), Rubber Plantation, 14.vi.2013, 4 workers, 620m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Banna University construction site (21.890°N, 101.267°E), Rubber Plantation, 14.vi.2013, 2 workers, 620m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu.
Widely distributed in the Indo-Malayan subregion (Figure
Odontoponera denticulata worker, CASENT0717236. A Head in front view B Mesosoma in profile view C Global distribution map.
The identification of our material is based on
Odontoponera denticulata has been collected from the leaf litter in various habitats such as rain forest, secondary forest, limestone forest and rubber plantation.
CHINA, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna: XTBG (21.919°N, 101.272°E), Secondary forest, 05.vi.2013, 1 worker, 550m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; XTBG (21.919°N, 101.274°E), Secondary forest, 05.vi.2013, 3 workers, 1 Soldier, 552m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; XTBG (21.924°N, 101.268°E), Secondary forest, 05.vi.2013, 2 workers, 571m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; XTBG (21.918°N, 101.271°E), Secondary forest, 05.vi.2013, 1 worker, 581m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; XTBG (21.912°N, 101.285°E), Limestone forest, 06.vi.2013, 49 workers, 680m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; XTBG (21.912°N, 101.282°E), Limestone forest, 06.vi.2013, 6 workers, 1 Soldier, 640m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Menglun town (21.933°N, 101.269°E), Rubber plantation, 09.vi.2013, 3 workers, 655m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Man Sai village (21.858°N, 101.276°E), Secondary forest, 12.vi.2013, 20 workers, 685m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Man Sai village (21.860°N, 101.278°E), Secondary forest, 12.vi.2013, 1 worker, 680m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Man Sai village (21.907°N, 101.273°E), Rubber plantation, 12.vi.2013, 3 workers, 635m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Kilometer 55 station (21.962°N, 101.200°E), Rain forest, 13.vi.2013, 5 workers, 1 Soldier, 805m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Banna University construction site (21.922°N, 101.268°E), Rubber Plantation, 14.vi.2013, 1 worker, 629m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu.
South China, Vietnam and Thailand (Figure
Pheidole hongkongensis worker, CASENT0714788. A Head in front view B Mesosoma in profile view C Global distribution map.
Pheidole hongkongensis can be identified with the identification key to northern Vietnamese Pheidole published by
Pheidole hongkongensis has been collected from leaf litter in secondary forest, limestone forest and rubber plantations. It has also been reported inhabiting the soil of woody gardens, forest edges and open areas (
CHINA, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna: XTBG (21.912°N, 101.282°E), Limestone forest, 06.vi.2013, 2 workers, 640m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Menglun town (21.933°N, 101.269°E), Rubber Plantation, 09.vi.2013, 1 worker, 655m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Kilometer 55 station (21.960°N, 101.199°E), Rain forest, 10.vi.2013, 13 workers, 840m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Kilometer 55 station (21.962°N, 101.200°E), Rain forest, 10.vi.2013, 2 workers, 830m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu.
Widely distributed in the Australasian and Indo-Malayan subregions (Figure
Pheidole plagiaria worker, CASENT0713421. A Head in front view B Mesosoma in profile view C Global distribution map.
Pheidole plagiaria can be identified with the identification key to Northern Vietnamese Pheidole provided by
Pheidole plagiaria has been collected from leaf litter from rain forest, limestone forest and rubber plantation. It has also been reported inhabiting in the soil of forest edge and open land (
CHINA, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna: XTBG (21.919°N, 101.274°E), Secondary forest, 05.vi.2013, 2 workers, 552m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; XTBG (21.924°N, 101.268°E), Rubber plantation, 05.vi.2013, 3 workers, 571m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; XTBG (21.911°N, 101.283°E), Limestone forest, 06.vi.2013, 2 workers, 675m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; XTBG (21.912°N, 101.282°E), Limestone forest, 06.vi.2013, 4 workers, 640m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; XTBG (21.911°N, 101.281°E), Limestone forest, 06.vi.2013, 2 workers, 650m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; XTBG (21.916°N, 101.274°E), Limestone forest, 08.vi.2013, 2 workers, 615m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Menglun town (21.932°N, 101.271°E), Rubber plantation, 09.vi.2013, 1 worker, 640m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Man Sai village (21.858°N, 101.277°E), Rubber plantation, 12.vi.2013, 4 workers, 705m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Man Sai village (21.857°N, 101.277°E), Rubber plantation, 12.vi.2013, 1 worker, 710m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Man Sai village (21.907°N, 101.273°E), Rubber plantation, 12.vi.2013, 2 workers, 635m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Man Sai village (21.858°N, 101.277°E), Secondary forest, 12.vi.2013, 2 workers, 685m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Man Sai village (21.858°N, 101.276°E), Secondary forest, 12.vi.2013, 9 workers, 690m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Man Sai village (21.860°N, 101.273°E), Secondary forest, 12.vi.2013, 1 worker, 680m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Kilometer 55 station (21.966°N, 101.203°E), Rain forest, 13.vi.2013, 3 workers, 840m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Banna University construction site (21.889°N, 101.267°E), Rubber Plantation, 14.vi.2013, 33 workers, 630m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Banna University construction site (21.922°N, 101.268°E), Rubber Plantation, 14.vi.2013, 2 workers, 620m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu.
Yunnan (new record), Vietnam, Thailand and Java (Figure
Pheidole planifrons worker, CASENT0713099. A Head in front view B Mesosoma in profile view C Global distribution map.
Pheidole planifrons can be identified with the identification key to Northern Vietnamese Pheidole provided by
Pheidole planifrons has been collected from leaf litter in rain forest, limestone forest and rubber plantations. It has also been reported inhabiting in the soil of forest edge and woody habitats (
CHINA, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna: XTBG (21.919°N, 101.272°E), Secondary forest, 05.vi.2013, 3 workers, 1 Soldier, 550m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; XTBG (21.911°N, 101.283°E), Limestone forest, 06.vi.2013, 1 worker, 675m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; XTBG (21.911°N, 101.281°E), Limestone forest, 06.vi.2013, 3 workers, 650m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; “Holy Hills” (21.920°N, 101.239°E), Rain forest, 07.vi.2013, 2 workers, 665m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu.
Yunnan (new record), Vietnam, Myanmar and Thailand (Figure
Pheidole rugithorax worker, CASENT0717083. A Head in front view B Mesosoma in profile view C Global distribution map.
Pheidole rugithorax can be identified with the identification key to Northern Vietnamese Pheidole provided by
Pheidole rugithorax has been collected from leaf litter in rain forest, secondary forest and limestone forest. Otherwise there is no available information on its biology.
China, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna: XTBG (21.919°N, 101.272°E), Secondary forest, 05.vi.2013, 9 workers, 550m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; XTBG (21.918°N, 101.271°E), Secondary forest, 05.vi.2013, 2 workers, 581m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; XTBG (21.911°N, 101.283°E), Limestone forest, 05.vi.2013, 1 worker, 675m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Man Sai village (21.858°N, 101.276°E), Secondary forest, 12.vi.2013, 5 workers, 675m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu.
Widely distributed in South China, Vietnam, Thailand and India (Figure
Pheidole smythiesii worker, CASENT0713851. A Head in front view B Mesosoma in profile view C Global distribution map.
Pheidole smythiesii can be identified with the identification key to Northern Vietnamese Pheidole provided by
Pheidole smythiesii has been collected from leaf litter from secondary forest.
CHINA, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna: “Holy Hills” (21.920°N, 101.239°E), Rain forest, 07.vi.2013, 2 workers, 665m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Kilometer 55 station (21.966°N, 101.203°E), Rain forest, 13.vi.2013, 2 workers, 825m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Kilometer 55 station (21.966°N, 101.203°E), Rain forest, 13.vi.2013, 3 workers, 840m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Man Sai village (21.858°N, 101.277°E), Rubber plantation, 12.vi.2013, 4 workers, 705m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Man Sai village (21.907°N, 101.273°E), Rubber plantation, 12.vi.2013, 2 workers, 635m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Man Sai village (21.857°N, 101.277°E), Rubber plantation, 12.vi.2013, 3 workers, 710m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Man Sai village (21.858°N, 101.277°E), Secondary forest, 12.vi.2013, 15 workers, 685m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Man Sai village (21.858°N, 101.276°E), Secondary forest, 12.vi.2013, 2 workers, 690m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Man Sai village (21.860°N, 101.278°E), Secondary forest, 12.vi.2013, 2 workers, 680m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Man Sai village (21.858°N, 101.276°E), Secondary forest, 12.vi.2013, 4 workers, 2 Soldiers, 675m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Menglun town (21.934°N, 101.269°E), Rubber plantation, 09.vi.2013, 5 workers, 640m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Menglun town (21.933°N, 101.269°E), Rubber plantation, 09.vi.2013, 34 workers, 655m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Menglun town (21.932°N, 101.270°E), Rubber plantation, 09.vi.2013, 2 workers, 645m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Menglun town (21.932°N, 101.271°E), Rubber plantation, 09.vi.2013, 3 workers, 645m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Menglun town (21.931°N, 101.269°E), Rubber plantation, 09.vi.2013, 1 worker, 645m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Menglun town (21.933°N, 101.269°E), Rubber plantation, 09.vi.2013, 2 workers, 655m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; XTBG (21.919°N, 101.274°E), Secondary forest, 05.vi.2013, 1 worker, 552m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; XTBG (21.919°N, 101.283°E), Secondary forest, 06.vi.2013, 1 worker, 675m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; XTBG (21.924°N, 101.268°E), Secondary forest, 05.vi.2013, 1 worker, 571m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Banna University construction site (21.888°N, 101.266°E), Rubber Plantation, 14.vi.2013, 1 worker, 600m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Banna University construction site (21.888°N, 101.266°E), Rubber Plantation, 14.vi.2013, 1 worker, 620m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Banna University construction site (21.922°N, 101.268°E), Rubber Plantation, 14.vi.2013, 6 workers, 620m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu.
Widely distributed in the Australasian and Indo-Malayan subregions (Figure
Pheidole tumida worker, CASENT0713125. A Head in front view B Mesosoma in profile view C Global distribution map.
Pheidole tumida can be identified with the identification key to Northern Vietnamese Pheidole provided by
Pheidole tumida has been collected from leaf litter in rain forest, secondary forest and rubber plantation. It has also been reported nesting in the soil and rotting logs of forest edges (
CHINA, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna: XTBG (21.912°N, 101.285°E), Limestone forest, 06.vi.2013, 3 workers, 680m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; XTBG (21.917°N, 101.274°E), Secondary forest, 06.vi.2013, 3 workers, 625m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Kilometer 55 station (21.961°N, 101.200°E), Rain forest, 10.vi.2013, 3 workers, 820m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu.
Known from Yunnan (new record) and Vietnam (Figure
Pheidole vieti worker, CASENT0713428. A Head in front view B Mesosoma in profile view C Global distribution map.
Pheidole vieti can be identified with the key given provided by
Pheidole vieti has been collected from leaf litter from rain forest, secondary forest and limestone forest.
CHINA, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna: “Holy Hills” (21.920°N, 101.240°E), Secondary forest, 07.vi.2013, 44 workers, 644m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; “Holy Hills” (21.920°N, 101.239°E), Secondary forest, 07.vi.2013, 5 workers, 665m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; “Holy Hills” (21.919°N, 101.239°E), Secondary forest, 07.vi.2013, 11 workers, 670m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Kilometer 55 station (21.966°N, 101.203°E), Secondary forest, 13.vi.2013, 15 workers, 825m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Kilometer 55 station (21.966°N, 101.203°E), Secondary forest, 13.vi.2013, 1 worker, 840m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Kilometer 55 station (21.962°N, 101.200°E), Rain forest, 13.vi.2013, 7 workers, 3 Soldiers, 820m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Kilometer 55 station (21.960°N, 101.199°E), Rain forest, 13.vi.2013, 25 workers, 840m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Kilometer 55 station (21.962°N, 101.200°E), Rain forest, 13.vi.2013, 5 workers, 805m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Kilometer 55 station (21.963°N, 101.201°E), Rain forest, 13.vi.2013, 14 workers, 815m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Kilometer 55 station (21.964°N, 101.202°E), Rain forest, 13.vi.2013, 2 workers, 820m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Man Sai village (21.858°N, 101.276°E), Secondary forest, 12.vi.2013, 2 workers, 690m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Man Sai village (21.858°N, 101.276°E), Secondary forest, 12.vi.2013, 1 worker, 675m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Menglun town (21.932°N, 101.271°E), Rubber Plantation, 09.vi.2013, 1 worker, 640m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; XTBG (21.919°N, 101.272°E), Secondary forest, 05.vi.2013, 77 workers, 550m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; XTBG (21.912°N, 101.285°E), Limestone forest, 05.vi.2013, 22 workers, 680m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; XTBG (21.919°N, 101.274°E), Secondary forest, 06.vi.2013, 2 workers, 552m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; XTBG (21.924°N, 101.268°E), Rubber plantation, 05.vi.2013, 3 workers, 571m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; XTBG (21.918°N, 101.271°E), Secondary forest, 05.vi.2013, 1 worker, 581m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; XTBG (21.916°N, 101.274°E), Secondary forest, 05.vi.2013, 12 workers, 615m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu.
Known from a few localities in China, Vietnam and Thailand (Figure
Pheidole zoceana worker, CASENT0714742. A Head in front view B Mesosoma in profile view C Global distribution map.
Pheidole zoceana can be identified with the identification key to Northern Vietnamese Pheidole provided by
Pheidole zoceana has been collected from leaf litter in rain forest, secondary forest and rubber plantations. It has also been reported nesting in the soil of forest edges and mountainous area (
CHINA, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna: Kilometer 55 station (21.960°N, 101.199°E), Rain forest, 10.vi.2013, 1 worker, 840m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu.
Known from Middle and South China (Figure
Prenolepis sphingthoraxa worker, CASENT0715549. A Head in front view B Mesosoma in profile view C Global distribution map.
The identification is based on the original description (
Prenolepis sphingthoraxa has been collected from leaf litter in rain forest and little is known about its bionomics.
CHINA, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna: Kilometer 55 station (21.964°N, 101.202°E), Rain forest, 13.vi.2013, 1 worker, 820m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu.
Known from Yunnan (new record), Singapore, Thailand and Borneo (Figure
Proceratium deelemani worker, CASENT0717686. A Head in front view B Mesosoma in profile view C Global distribution map.
The identification of Proceratium deelemani is relatively straightforward with the key provided by
Proceratium deelemani has been collected from leaf litter in rain forest, and little is known about its bionomics.
CHINA, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna: “Holy Hills” (21.919°N, 101.239°E), Secondary forest, 07.vi.2013, 1 worker, 670m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Man Sai village (21.857°N, 101.277°E), Rubber plantation, 12.vi.2013, 3 workers, 710m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Man Sai village (21.858°N, 101.276°E), Secondary forest, 12.vi.2013, 1 worker, 685m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Man Sai village (21.860°N, 101.278°E), Secondary forest, 12.vi.2013, 1 worker, 680m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Kilometer 55 station (21.963°N, 101.201°E), Rain forest, 10.vi.2013, 7 workers, 815m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu.
Widely distributed in the Austral-Asian and Indo-Malayan subregions (Figure
Recurvidris kemneri worker, CASENT0715218. A Head in front view B Mesosoma in profile view C Global distribution map.
The identification is based on
Recurvidris kemneri has been collected from leaf litter from rain forest, secondary forest and rubber plantation, and little is known about its bionomics.
CHINA, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna: XTBG (21.911°N, 101.283°E), Limestone forest, 06.vi.2013, 2 workers, 675m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu.
Known from Yunnan (new record) and Borneo (Figure
Strumigenys dyschima worker, CASENT0717009. A Head in front view B Mesosoma in profile view C Global distribution map.
Strumigenys dyschima can be identified with the identification key given by
Strumigenys dyschima has been collected from leaf litter in limestone forest, and little is known about its bionomics.
CHINA, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna: XTBG (21.924°N, 101.268°E), Rubber Plantation, 05.vi.2013, 1 worker, 571m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Menglun town (21.934°N, 101.269°E), Rubber Plantation, 09.vi.2013, 1 worker, 640m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu.
Widely distributed in Indo-Malayan subregions (Figure
Strumigenys kichijo worker, CASENT0713674. A Head in front view B Mesosoma in profile view C Global distribution map.
Strumigenys kichijo can be identified with the identification key given by
Strumigenys kichijo has been collected from leaf litter in rubber plantations, and little is known about its bionomics.
CHINA, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna: “Holy Hills” (21.920°N, 101.239°E), Secondary forest, 07.vi.2013, 9 workers, 655m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; “Holy Hills” (21.919°N, 101.239°E), Rain forest, 07.vi.2013, 7 workers, 670m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Kilometer 55 station (21.966°N, 101.203°E), Secondary forest, 13.vi.2013, 40 workers, 825m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Kilometer 55 station (21.966°N, 101.203°E), Secondary forest, 13.vi.2013, 1 worker, 840m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Kilometer 55 station (21.962°N, 101.200°E), Rain forest, 10.vi.2013, 19 workers, 830m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Kilometer 55 station (21.961°N, 101.200°E), Rain forest, 10.vi.2013, 8 workers, 820m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Kilometer 55 station (21.960°N, 101.199°E), Rain forest, 13.vi.2013, 1 worker, 840m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Kilometer 55 station (21.962°N, 101.200°E), Rain forest, 13.vi.2013, 111 worker, 805m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Kilometer 55 station (21.963°N, 101.201°E), Rain forest, 13.vi.2013, 122 workers, 815m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Kilometer 55 station (21.964°N, 101.202°E), Rain forest, 13.vi.2013, 50 workers, 820m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Man Sai village (21.858°N, 101.277°E), Secondary forest, 12.vi.2013, 1 worker, 685m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Man Sai village (21.858°N, 101.276°E), Secondary forest, 12.vi.2013, 12 workers, 690m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Menglun town (21.932°N, 101.271°E), Rubber plantation, 09.vi.2013, 8 workers, 640m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Menglun town (21.932°N, 101.270°E), Rubber plantation, 09.vi.2013, 1 worker, 645m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Menglun town (21.931°N, 101.269°E), Rubber plantation, 09.vi.2013, 1 worker, 645m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; XTBG (21.924°N, 101.268°E), Rubber Plantation, 05.vi.2013, 1 worker, 571m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; XTBG (21.919°N, 101.272°E), Secondary forest, 05.vi.2013, 82 workers, 550m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; XTBG (21.919°N, 101.274°E), Secondary forest, 05.vi.2013, 48 workers, 552m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; XTBG (21.918°N, 101.271°E), Secondary forest, 05.vi.2013, 71 workers, 581m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; XTBG (21.916°N, 101.274°E), Secondary forest, 08.vi.2013, 2 workers, 615m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; XTBG (21.917°N, 101.274°E), Secondary forest, 08.vi.2013, 25 workers, 625m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu.
Widely distributed in Austral-Asian and Indo-Malayan subregions (Figure
Strumigenys mitis worker, CASENT0713676. A Head in front view B Mesosoma in profile view C Global distribution map.
Strumigenys mitis can be identified with the identification key given by
Strumigenys mitis has been collected from leaf litter in rain forest, secondary forest and rubber plantations, and little is known about its bionomics.
CHINA, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna: “Holy Hills” (21.920°N, 101.240°E), Secondary forest, 07.vi.2013, 5 workers, 655m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; “Holy Hills” (21.920°N, 101.239°E), Secondary forest, 07.vi.2013, 12 workers, 665m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; “Holy Hills” (21.919°N, 101.239°E), Rain forest, 07.vi.2013, 1 worker, 670m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Kilometer 55 station (21.963°N, 101.201°E), Rain forest, 13.vi.2013, 2 workers, 815m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Man Sai village (21.858°N, 101.277°E), Rubber Plantation, 12.vi.2013, 2 workers, 705m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Man Sai village (21.857°N, 101.277°E), Rubber Plantation, 12.vi.2013, 2 workers, 710m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Man Sai village (21.858°N, 101.277°E), Secondary forest, 12.vi.2013, 2 workers, 685m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Man Sai village (21.858°N, 101.276°E), Secondary forest, 12.vi.2013, 3 workers, 690m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Man Sai village (21.858°N, 101.276°E), Secondary forest, 12.vi.2013, 4 workers, 685m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Man Sai village (21.860°N, 101.278°E), Secondary forest, 12.vi.2013, 6 workers, 680m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Man Sai village (21.858°N, 101.276°E), Secondary forest, 12.vi.2013, 1 worker, 675m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; XTBG (21.919°N, 101.272°E), Secondary forest, 05.vi.2013, 57 workers, 550m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; XTBG (21.912°N, 101.285°E), Limestone forest, 06.vi.2013, 1 worker, 680m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; XTBG (21.919°N, 101.274°E), Secondary forest, 05.vi.2013, 13 workers, 552m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; XTBG (21.911°N, 101.283°E), Limestone forest, 06.vi.2013, 7 workers, 675m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; XTBG (21.912°N, 101.282°E), Limestone forest, 06.vi.2013, 21 workers, 640m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; XTBG (21.911°N, 101.281°E), Limestone forest, 06.vi.2013, 21 workers, 650m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Banna University construction site (21.888°N, 101.266°E), Rubber plantation, 14.vi.2013, 3 workers, 600m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Banna University construction site (21.888°N, 101.266°E), Rubber plantation, 14.vi.2013, 6 workers, 620m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Banna University construction site (21.922°N, 101.268°E), Rubber plantation, 14.vi.2013, 1 worker, 620m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu.
Known from Yunnan (new record), North Indian, Vietnam and Thailand (Figure
Strumigenys nepalensis worker, CASENT0715046. A Head in front view B Mesosoma in profile view C Global distribution map.
Strumigenys nepalensis can be identified with the identification key given by
Strumigenys nepalensis has been collected from leaf litter in rain forest, secondary forest, limestone forest and rubber plantations, and little is known about its bionomics.
CHINA, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna: XTBG (21.919°N, 101.272°E), Secondary forest, 05.vi.2013, 121 workers, 550m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; XTBG (21.919°N, 101.274°E), Secondary forest, 05.vi.2013, 34 workers, 552m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; XTBG (21.918°N, 101.271°E), Secondary forest, 05.vi.2013, 35 workers, 581m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; XTBG (21.916°N, 101.274°E), Secondary forest, 08.vi.2013, 7 workers, 615m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; XTBG (21.917°N, 101.274°E), Secondary forest, 08.vi.2013, 44 workers, 625m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Kilometer 55 station (21.962°N, 101.200°E), Rain forest, 10.vi.2013, 22 workers, 830m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Kilometer 55 station (21.961°N, 101.200°E), Rain forest, 10.vi.2013, 15 workers, 820m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Kilometer 55 station (21.960°N, 101.199°E), Rain forest, 10.vi.2013, 26 workers, 840m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Kilometer 55 station (21.962°N, 101.200°E), Rain forest, 13.vi.2013, 9 workers, 805m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Kilometer 55 station (21.964°N, 101.202°E), Rain forest, 13.vi.2013, 16 workers, 820m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu.
Known from Yunnan (new record), Guangxi and Vietnam (Figure
Strumigenys rallarhina worker, CASENT0715395. A Head in front view B Mesosoma in profile view C Global distribution map.
Strumigenys rallarhina can be identified with the identification key provided by
Strumigenys rallarhina has been collected from leaf litter in rain forest and secondary forest, and little is known about its bionomics.
CHINA, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna: XTBG (21.918°N, 101.271°E), Secondary forest, 05.vi.2013, 10 workers, 581m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; XTBG (21.917°N, 101.274°E), Secondary forest, 08.vi.2013, 3 workers, 625m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Kilometer 55 station (21.962°N, 101.200°E), Rain forest, 13.vi.2013, 9 workers, 805m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Kilometer 55 station (21.963°N, 101.201°E), Rain forest, 13.vi.2013, 3 workers, 815m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu.
Widely distributed in Indo-Malayan subregions (Figure
Strumigenys sauteri worker, CASENT0717023. A Head in front view B Mesosoma in profile view C Global distribution map.
Strumigenys sauteri can be identified with the identification key given by
Strumigenys sauteri has been collected from leaf litter in rain forest and secondary forest, and little is known about its bionomics.
CHINA, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna: XTBG (21.918°N, 101.271°E), Secondary forest, 05.vi.2013, 4 workers, 581 m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; XTBG (21.919°N, 101.274°E), Secondary forest, 11.vi.2013, 4 workers, 590 m, Hand collection, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu.
Widely distributed in the Austral-Asian and Indo-Malayan subregions (Figure
Technomyrmex pratensis worker, CASENT0715863. A Head in front view B Mesosoma in profile view C Global distribution map.
Technomyrmex pratensis is the only member of the Technomyrmex pratensis species group. It is a very conspicuous species within the genus, and its identification is very easy with the key provided by
Technomyrmex pratensis has been collected from leaf litter in secondary forest, and little is known about its bionomics.
CHINA, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna: XTBG (21.918°N, 101.271°E), Secondary forest, 05.vi.2013, 2 workers, 552 m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu.
Known form Yunnan (new record), northern India, and Vietnam (Figure
Tetramorium difficile worker, CASENT0713193. A Head in front view B Mesosoma in profile view C Global distribution map.
Tetramorium difficile is a member of the Tetramorium tonganum group and can be identified with the key provided by
Tetramorium difficile has been collected from leaf litter in secondary forest, and little is known about its bionomics.
CHINA, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna: XTBG (21.918°N, 101.271°E), Secondary forest, 05.vi.2013, 35 workers, 552 m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; XTBG (21.917°N, 101.274°E), Secondary forest, 08.vi.2013, 33 workers, 625 m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Kilometer 55 station (21.961°N, 101.201°E), Rain forest, 10.vi.2013, 8 workers, 820m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Kilometer 55 station (21.963°N, 101.200°E), Rain forest, 13.vi.2013, 5 workers, 815m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu.
Known from Yunnan (new record), Vietnam, Thailand and Sri Lanka (Figure
Tetramorium flavipes worker, CASENT0713761. A Head in front view B Mesosoma in profile view C Global distribution map.
Tetramorium flavipes is a member of the Tetramorium tortuosum group. Its identification is relatively straightforward with the key given by
Tetramorium flavipes has been collected from leaf litter in secondary forest, and very little is known about its bionomics.
CHINA, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna: XTBG (21.919°N, 101.274°E), Secondary forest, 05.vi.2013, 155 workers, 550 m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; XTBG (21.924°N, 101.268°E), Rubber plantation, 05.vi.2013, 6 workers, 571 m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; XTBG (21.917°N, 101.270°E), Secondary forest, 05.vi.2013, 7 workers, 580 m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; XTBG (21.911°N, 101.281°E), Limestone rain forest, 06.vi.2013, 155 workers, 650 m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; XTBG (21.916°N, 101.274°E), Secondary forest, 08.vi.2013, 58 workers, 615 m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Menglun town (21.930°N, 101.269°E), Rubber plantation, 09.vi.2013, 2 workers, 640 m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; XTBG (21.890°N, 101.267°E), Rubber plantation, 14.vi.2013, 9 workers, 620 m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu.
Widely distributed in the Indo-Malayan subregion (Figure
Tetramorium parvispinum worker, CASENT0735806. A Head in front view B Mesosoma in profile view C Global distribution map.
Tetramorium parvispinum is a member of the Tetramorium walshi species group. It can be identified with the key presented by
Tetramorium parvispinum has been collected from leaf litter in secondary forest, limestone forest and rubber plantations, and little is known about its bionomics.
CHINA, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna: XTBG (21.917°N, 101.274°E), Rain forest, 05.vi.2013, 1 major worker, 552 m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; XTBG (21.918°N, 101.270°E), Rain forest, 05.vi.2013, 3 workers, 581 m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; XTBG (21.919°N, 101.272°E), Rain forest, 05.vi.2013, 10 workers, 550 m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; “Holy Hills” (21.920°N, 101.239°E), Rain forest, 07.vi.2013, 10 worker, 665m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; XTBG (21.928°N, 101.256°E), Rain forest, 07.vi.2013, 10 workers, 565 m, Hand collection, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Man Sai village (21.860°N, 101.278°E), Rain forest, 12.vi.2013, 1 worker, 680 m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu.
Known from Yunnan (new record), Laos and Thailand (Figure
Tetramorium polymorphum worker, CASENT0713055. A Head in front view B Mesosoma in profile view C Global distribution map.
Tetramorium polymorphum is a member of the T. walshi species group. Its identification is not easy since the species was not known when
Tetramorium polymorphum is a very special member of the genus Tetramorium since it is the only known species that possesses a polymorphic worker caste divisible into distinctive minor, media and major workers (
CHINA, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna: XTBG (21.919°N, 101.274°E), Secondary forest, 05.vi.2013, 9 workers, 552 m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu; Menglun town (21.934°N, 101.269°E), Secondary forest, 09.vi.2013, 2 workers, 640 m, Winkler sifting, B. Guénard, B. Blanchard and C. Liu.
Tetramorium tonganum is widely distributed in the Austral-Asian and Indo-Malayan subregions where it ranges from western Oceania to South East Asia (Figure
Tetramorium tonganum worker, CASENT0713454. A Head in front view B Mesosoma in profile view C Global distribution map.
Tetramorium polymorphum belongs to the Tetramorium tonganum group and can be easily identified with the key provided by
Tetramorium polymorphum has been collected from leaf litter in secondary forest, and is known to be an exotic species in China (
The total number of named ant species in China is 939, but the true species richness is expected to be significantly higher, perhaps as high as 1200 to 1600 species (
Based on our collections, many newly recorded species, such as Discothyrea clavicornis, Myrmecina curvispina, and Odontoponera denticulata are relatively common. The reason why those species were never reported from Yunnan before may be due to different collection techniques and/or misidentifications. For example, Odontoponera denticulata has long been misidentified as Odontoponera transversa (
Many new species records in our collection such as Aenictus artipus, A. maneerati, A. paradentatus, Discothyrea clavicornis, Dolichoderus laotius, Gesomyrmex kalshoveni, Gnamptogenys treta, Pheidole plagiaria, P. planifrons, P. rugithorax, P. tumida, P. vieti, Recurvidris kemneri, Strumigenys dyschima, S. mitis, Tetramorium difficile, T. flavipes, T. parvispinum, and T. tonganum, are at the northern limit of their known distribution in Yunnan. Interestingly, the occurrence of several species in Yunnan, such as Discothyrea clavicornis, Gesomyrmex kalshoveni, Gnamptogenys treta, Recurvidris kemneri, and Strumigenys dyschima constitutes a disjunction from the rest of their known distribution in the Malay Peninsula. At present, it is unclear if these represent sampling artifacts and the ranges are actually continuous in the region, if these species ranges represent true biogeographic disjunctions, or if they are actually different species. Only future diversity inventories and taxonomic treatments, of which this paper represents one modest contribution, can answer these questions and further resolve the biodiversity map for ants and other organisms.
Despite the comparatively short collecting time we invested in the inventory of the myrmecofauna, we were able to identify 145 species, of which over 30% represent new records. This increases the list of known species for Yunnan by 10%, and there are still more than 60 species that we tentatively consider undescribed. This shows how little was previously known about the ant fauna of the region, and we are convinced that more intensive sampling in different habitats and microhabitats will likely reveal the presence of even more species or help improve the current taxonomic resolution. In this context, we think that Yunnan should be considered an area of high biodiversity value and deserving of attention of both biologists and conservationists. Regrettably, this interesting biota is being degraded at an alarming speed, particularly due to the rapid expansion of rubber plantations in the area (
We would like to thank Yan-Qiong Peng, and Jia-jia Liu for their assistance and advice on conducting this ant diversity survey. We also thank B. Bolton, P.S. Ward, G. Fischer, and M. Yoshimura for their help in ant identification. The authors acknowledge the support of OIST and an NSF grant to EPE (NSF DEB-1145989).