Research Article |
Corresponding author: Xian-Jin Peng ( xjpeng@126.com ) Academic editor: Shuqiang Li
© 2014 Cheng Wang, Xian-Jin Peng.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Wang C, Peng X-J (2014) Three species of Hitobia Kamura, 1992 (Araneae, Gnaphosidae) from south-west China. ZooKeys 464: 25-34. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.464.8403
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Two new species and one new record of the Hitobia are described from Gaoligong Mountains, Yunnan Province, China: Hitobia tengchong sp. n. (male), Hitobia hirtella sp. n. (male) and Hitobia makotoi Kamura, 2011. Distributional data and illustrations of body and copulatory organs are provided. The differences between the new species and their related species are discussed.
Ground spider, south-east Asia
The genus Hitobia was established by
While examining the specimens collected from the Gaoligong Mountains (Yunnan province, south-west China) by the Sino-American Expeditions (1998–2008), one female specimen was identified to be H. makotoi, two male specimens were identified to be the members of Hitobia, but differ from any other males of the genus. Because of the habits of ground spider and their similar appearance, it is not easy to match male to female in each species, and many species were recorded only with single male or female in a same genus of Gnaphosidae (e. g. Micaria logunovi Zhang, Song & Zhu, 2001 based on only one male specimen and Micaria marusiki Zhang, Song & Zhu, 2001 based on 2 female specimens). So, we described the two male specimens as two new species. Goal of this paper is to provide the distributional data, illustrations of body and copulatory organs, and the differences between the new species and their related species.
All specimens were kept in 75% ethanol, examined, measured and drawn with an Olympus SZX16 stereomicroscope and an Olympus BX53 compound microscope. Photos were taken with a digital camera Canon PowerShot G12 mounted on an Olympus SZX16 and compound focus images were generated using Helicon Focus software (3.10 Free).
All measurements were given in millimeters. Leg measurements are giving as: total length (femur, patella + tibia, metatarsus, tarsus). The abbreviations used in text including: AER anterior eye row; ALE anterior lateral eyes; AME anterior median eyes; MOA median ocular area; PER posterior eye row; PLE posterior lateral eyes; PME posterior median eyes. Specimens are deposited in College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University.
Holotype: ♂, China, Yunnan: Tengchong County, Jietou Township, 8# boundary post of Yakou (25°80.894'N, 98°62.080'E, 2890 m), 23 May 2006, Xingping Wang, Xianjin Peng leg.
The specific name refers to the type locality; adjective.
This new species is somewhat similar to H. yaginumai Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001 (see
Male: Total length 5.15. Prosoma 2.29 long, 1.67 wide. Opisthosoma 2.72 long, 1.52 wide. Clypeus 0.05 high. Carapace dark brown, long oval, widest at coxae II and III, covered with some white hair. Cervical grooves, fovea and radial grooves dark brown. AER and PER both slightly recurved, wider posteriorly (Fig.
Male palp (Figs
Female: Unknown.
China (Yunnan).
Holotype ♂, China, Yunnan: Nujiang Prefecture, Gongshan County, Pengdang Township, Longpo Village, 12.5 air km of Gongshan (27°85.608'N, 98°68.448'E, 1550 m), 4–7 July 2000, Hengmei Yan leg.
The specific name comes from the Latin hirtella (with macrosetae), referring to the three thick setae on the cymbial tip.
This new species resembles H. shaohai Yin & Bao, 2012 (see
Male: Total length 5.30. Prosoma 2.33 long, 1.75 wide. Opisthosoma 2.85 long, 1.63 wide. Clypeus 0.06 high. Carapace brown, long oval, widest at coxae II and III, covered with some white hair. Fovea, cervical grooves and radial grooves dark brown. AER and PER both slightly recurved, wider posteriorly (Fig.
Male palp (Figs
Female: Unknown.
China (Yunnan).
Hitobia makotoi Kamura, 2011: 104, f. 3–7 (Df).
1♀, China, Yunnan: Tengchong County, Qingshui Township, Rehai area, Liangyong Village (24°94.919'N, 98°44.921'E, 1450 m), 1 June 2006, D. H. Kavanaugh, R. L. Brett, Dazhi Dong leg.
Female: Total length 5.08. Prosoma 2.28 long, 1.45 wide. Opisthosoma 2.63 long, 1.47 wide. Clypeus 0.06 high. Carapace blackish brown, long oval, widest at coxae II and III, covered with some white hair. Fovea, cervical grooves indistinct. AER and PER both slightly recurved, wider posteriorly. Eyes sizes and interdistances: AME 0.09, ALE 0.09, PME 0.07, PLE 0.08, AME–AME 0.03, AME–ALE 0.01, PME–PME 0.08, PME–PLE 0.09, ALE–PLE 0.13. MOA anterior width 0.18, posterior width 0.21, length 0.23. Chelicerae dark brown, with 3 promarginal teeth and 1 retromarginal (Fig.
Epigyne (Figs
Male: Unknown.
Although the spermathecae of the specimen are smaller, the distal parts close to each other (almost parallel to each other in the original description of
We are grateful to Dr. Peter Fritsch (California Academy of Sciences) and Prof. Heng Li (Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science) for supporting the joint biodiversity survey of the Gaoligong Mountains. We thank Prof. D. H. Kavanaugh, R. L. Brett, Hengmei Yan, Xingping Wang and Mr. Dazhi Dong for collecting the specimens. Special thanks also should be given to Prof. T. Kamura for his kind help on specimens identification. This research was sponsored by the National Science Foundation of the USA through the grant “Biotic survey of the Gaoligongshan, a biodiversity hotspot in western Yunnan, China” (No. DEB-0103795). It is also partly supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (NSFC-30970327, 31272271, 31272272), Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No.11JJ1004/12JJ3028), Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET-12-0717), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 20100471221/201104506), the program of Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Plans (No. 2010RS4006) and by the Hunan Provincial Program for Development of Key Disciplines in Ecology.