Research Article |
Corresponding author: Elisabeth Stur ( elisabeth.stur@ntnu.no ) Academic editor: Vladimir Blagoderov
© 2014 Elisabeth Stur, Art Borkent.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Stur E, Borkent A (2014) When DNA barcoding and morphology mesh: Ceratopogonidae diversity in Finnmark, Norway. ZooKeys 463: 95-131. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.463.7964
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DNA barcoding in Ceratopogonidae has been restricted to interpreting the medically and veterinary important members of Culicoides Latreille. Here the technique is utilised, together with morphological study, to interpret all members of the family in a select area. Limited sampling from the county of Finnmark in northernmost Norway indicated the presence of 54 species, including 14 likely new to science, 16 new to Norway, and one new to Europe. No species were previously recorded from this county. Only 93 species were known for all of Norway before this survey, indicating how poorly studied the group is. We evaluate and discuss morphological characters commonly used in identification of biting midges and relate species diagnoses to released DNA barcode data from 223 specimens forming 58 barcode clusters in our dataset. DNA barcodes and morphology were congruent for all species, except in three morphological species where highly divergent barcode clusters indicate the possible presence of cryptic species.
Atrichopogon , Forcipomyia , Dasyhelea , Culicoides , Brachypogon , Ceratopogon , Serromyia , Probezzia , Bezzia , Palpomyia
The Ceratopogonidae (biting midges) are generally small flies with a nearly worldwide distribution; the family includes 6,180 extant species in 111 genera (
Although Ceratopogonidae are common in almost all aquatic and semi-aquatic habitats, many species are small and members of some genera can be notoriously difficult to identify. The family is particularly poorly known taxonomically in Norway, in part due to very limited collecting and a general lack of experts over many years. Presently in Europe, the family has approximately half as many species as the Chironomidae, while in Norway this percentage is considerably lower (15%), as only 93 species of ceratopogonids have been recorded (
Of all biting flies, the immatures of Ceratopogonidae are by far the most poorly known, with only limited regional keys to some larvae and pupae of some genera. To a distressing degree, the larvae of the subfamily Ceratopogoninae are morphologically similar and difficult to identify. The pupae are rich in characters and have been recently revised by
DNA barcoding is defined as the use of short standardized sequences to identify specimens to species (
Neither
Specimens were collected through a survey focusing on selected aquatic insect groups in Finnmark, the northernmost county of mainland Norway. More than 100 different sites were visited in three main trips during the season from June 11 to September 9, 2010 (
DNA barcodes were initially used to explore the unknown diversity of Ceratopogonidae from Finnmark. Several specimens of each morphotype were selected under a stereomicroscope and sampled for DNA analysis, typically by removing 1-3 legs. Tissues were shipped to the Biodiversity Institute of Ontario (BIO), Canada for sequencing of partial COI gene sequences. Mainly adult flies of both sexes were sequenced, but two larvae and one pupa were also included. COI amplification and sequencing followed standard protocols at the Canadian Centre for DNA Barcoding, BIO, including bi-directional Sanger sequencing. A list of barcoded material and all reference numbers are given in the
Since slide mounting is generally needed for morphological species identification of biting midges, selected specimens (representing both sexes when available) from each cluster were slide mounted in Euparal©. The remaining un-mounted midges are preserved in 96% ethanol and stored in a -20 °C freezer. All specimens are deposited in the collection of the NTNU University Museum in Trondheim, Norway.
DNA barcodes from each genetic cluster (produced by the neighbor joining algorithm on Kimura 2-parameter genetic distances in BOLD) were compared with all COI sequences in BOLD and GenBank through the BOLD identification engine and GenBank’s MegaBLAST-algorithm (
Species were identified using taxonomic literature as referenced below (under each genus or species). Sources for Ceratopogonidae records in Norway were
DNA barcodes were obtained from 223 specimens representing 54 morphological species (Table
Taxon-ID tree of the studied Ceratopogonidae specimens based on the neighbor joining algorithm from aligned COI sequences using partial deletion for areas with gaps and 1000 bootstrap replicates in MEGA 5.2. All included sequences were longer than 500 bp. Bootstrap values shown on branches supported by more than 90% of the bootstrap replicates.
Distribution of Ceratopogonidae in Finnmark based on the revised Strand-system (
FV | FI | FN | FØ | previously recorded in Norway | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Forcipomyiinae | |||||
Atrichopogon (Atrichopogon) hirtidorsum Remm, 1961 | x | x | |||
Atrichopogon (Atrichopogon) infuscus Goetghebuer, 1929 | x | ||||
Atrichopogon (Atrichopogon) minutus (Meigen, 1830) * | x | X | |||
Atrichopogon (Lophomyidium) fusculus (Coquillett, 1901) * | x | ||||
Atrichopogon (Meloehelea) oedemerarum Storå, 1939 * | x | ||||
Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) alacris (Winnertz, 1852) | x | ||||
Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) palustris (Meigen, 1804) * | x | x | X | ||
Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. 6ES nr. palustris | x | ||||
Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) bipunctata (Linneus, 1767) * | x | ||||
Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) squamigera Kieffer, 1916 | x | X | |||
Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) sp. 2ES “bipunctata group” | x | ||||
Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) sp. 3ES “bipunctata group” | x | ||||
Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) hygrophila Kieffer, 1925 * | x | X | |||
Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) nigra (Winnertz, 1852) | x | x | X | ||
Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) nigrans Remm, 1962 | x | x | x | x | X |
Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) tenuis (Winnertz, 1852) | x | x | |||
Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) sp. 1ES | x | ||||
Forcipomyia (Synthyridomyia) acidicola (Tokunaga, 1937) * | x | X | |||
Forcipomyia (Synthyridomyia) knockensis Goetghebuer, 1938 | x | ||||
Forcipomyia (Thyridomyia) monilicornis (Coquillett, 1905) * | x | X | |||
Forcipomyia (Thyridomyia) sp. 4ES | x | ||||
Forcipomyia (Thyridomyia) sp. 5ES | x | ||||
Forcipomyia (Trichohelea) chaetoptera Remm, 1962 | x | ||||
Dasyheleinae | |||||
Dasyhelea (Dasyhelea) bensoni Edwards, 1933 | x | X | |||
Dasyhelea (Dasyhelea) malleola Remm, 1962 (2 cluster) | x | X | |||
Dasyhelea (Dasyhelea) sp. 4ES nr. bilineata/pallidiventris | x | x | |||
Dasyhelea (Dicryptoscena) modesta (Winnertz, 1852) | x | x | X | ||
Dasyhelea (Prokempia) sp. 1ES | x | x | |||
Dasyhelea (Pseudoculicoides) bifida Zilahi-Sebess, 1936 * | x | ||||
Dasyhelea (Pseudoculicoides) sp. 2ES mutabilis group | x | ||||
Dasyhelea (Pseudoculicoides) sp. 3ES mutabilis group | x | ||||
Ceratopogoninae | |||||
Culicoidini | |||||
Culicoides (Beltramyia) sphagnumensis Williams, 1955 * | x | X | |||
Culicoides (Beltramyia) salinarius Kieffer, 1914 | x | x | |||
Culicoides (Culicoides) grisescens Edwards, 1939 | x | x | x | X | |
Culicoides (Oecacta) albicans Winnertz, 1852 | x | X | |||
Culicoides (Silvaticulicoides) fascipennis (Stæger, 1839) | x | X | |||
Culicoides (Wirthomyia) minutissimus (Zetterstedt, 1855) | x | ||||
Culicoides (Wirthomyia) reconditus Campbell & Pelham-Clinton, 1960 | x | X | |||
Ceratopogonini | |||||
Brachypogon (Isohelea) nitidulus (Edwards, 1921) | x | x | X | ||
Brachypogon (Isohelea) sociabilis (Goetghebuer, 1920) | x | X | |||
Brachypogon (Isohelea) sp.1ES | x | ||||
Brachypogon (Isohelea) sp. 2ES nr. norvegicus (sp.n.?) | x | ||||
Ceratopogon abstrusus Borkent & Grogan, 1995 * | x | ||||
Ceratopogon grandiforceps (Kieffer, 1913) | x | ||||
Ceratopogon lacteipennis Zetterstedt, 1838 | x | X | |||
Serromyia femorata (Meigen, 1804) | x | x | X | ||
Johannsenomyiini | |||||
Probezzia sp. (pupa) | x | ||||
Palpomyiini | |||||
Bezzia annulipes (Meigen, 1830) * | x | ||||
Bezzia circumdata (Staeger, 1839) * | x | X | |||
Bezzia rhynchostylata Remm, 1974 | x | X | |||
Palpomyia puberula Remm, 1976 | x | ||||
Palpomyia remmi Havelka, 1974 | x | X | |||
Palpomyia serripes (Meigen, 1818) | x | X | |||
Ceratopogonidae gen. sp. 1ES (larvae) (Bezzia or Palpomyia) | x | x |
There are two additional morphospecies where the Refined Single Linkage (RESL) analysis in BOLD (
We also compared our DNA barcodes with the partial COI gene sequences
Five of the sample sites collected 92% of the investigated specimens and all but one species were found at the five sites FinLoc65, FinLoc05, FinLoc08, FinLoc85, and FinLoc42 (Fig.
The “ID” referred to below is the individual DNA barcode specimen ID and serves as a link between the DNA barcode in BOLD and the voucher specimen. The “FinLoc” number denotes the specific collecting sites shown in Figure
We collected adults of five species of Atrichopogon representing three subgenera.
All three females of A. (Atrichopogon) hirtidorsum key to A. fossicola in
Material examined. 3♀♀ (ID: FiCer203, FiCer205, FiCer232), 23 July–07 August 2010, FinLoc08, Malaise trap.
The single male of A. (Atrichopogon) infuscus keys to A. infuscus both in
Material examined. 1♂ (ID: FiCer201) 23 July–07 August 2010, FinLoc08, Malaise trap.
Of the five Atrichopogon species we collected, only A. (Atrichopogon) minutus has been previously recorded in Norway. The species is easily recognizable both as males and females using
Material examined. 1♂ (ID: FiCer228) 10–23 July 2010, FinLoc08, Malaise trap, 1♀ (ID: FiCer130) 23 July–07 August 2010, FinLoc05, Malaise trap.
The female of A. (Lophomyidium) fusculus fits the description in
Material examined. 1♀ (ID: FiCer233) 30 July–10 August 2010, FinLoc65, Malaise trap.
The two males of A. (Meloehelea) oedemerarum closely match Szadsziewski et al.’s (1995) description of the species.
Material examined. 2♂♂ (ID: FiCer142, FiCer148) 24 June–20 July 2010, FinLoc65, Malaise trap.
Within the genus Forcipomyia we found 18 species distributed in five subgenera (Table
Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) alacris has been previously recorded in Norway.
Material examined. 3♂♂ (ID: FiCer121, FiCer156, FiCer161) 24 June–20 July 2010; 1♂ (ID: FiCer75) 30 July–10 August 2010, all FinLoc65, Malaise trap.
Forcipomyia palustris has been previously recorded in Norway. The males match the description of
Material examined. 3♂♂ (ID: FiCer24, FiCer104, FiCer108), and 3♀♀ (ID: FiCer41, FiCer42, FiCer98), 19–24 June 2010, 4♀♀ (ID: FiCer95, FiCer125, FiCer155, FiCer159) 24 June–20 July 2010, 2♀♀ (ID: FiCer239, FiCer240) 30 July–10 August 2010, all FinLoc65, Malaise trap.
Forcipomyia sp. 6ES nr. palustris is a species morphologically similar to F. palustris but differs in subtle differences in the male genitalia: The gonocoxal apodemes are narrower apically and with very short lateral projections and posteriorly the ventral prong is more slender and elongate.
Material examined. 4♂♂ (ID: FiCer19, FiCer20, FiCer25, FiCer113) 19–24 June 2010, 1♀ (ID: FiCer76) 30 July–10 August 2010, 1♀ (ID: FiCer174) 24 June–20 July 2010, all FinLoc65, Malaise trap, 1♀ (ID: FiCer215) 11–26 June 2010, FinLoc05, Malaise trap, 1♂ (ID: FiCer224) 19 June 2010, netting.
The single male was identified as F. bipunctata following the description of this species by
Material examined. 1♂ (ID: FiCer57) 08 September 2010, FinLoc85, light trap.
The single male was identified as F. (Forcipomyia) squamigera based on the description of the species in
Material examined. 1♂ (ID: FiCer146) 24 June–20 July 2010, FinLoc65, Malaise trap.
The females of F. sp. 2ES have lanceolate setae on all tibiae and elongated seminal capsules. They seem to belong within the bipunctata group (
Material examined. 2♀♀ (ID: FiCer54, FiCer96) 07 and 08 September 2010, FinLoc85, light trap.
The single female, F. sp. 3ES, with lanceaolate setae on mid and hind tibia, fits within the bipunctata group (
Material examined. 1♀ (ID: FiCer134) 23 July–07 August 2010, FinLoc05, Malaise trap.
Forcipomyia hygrophila has been previously recorded in Norway.
Material examined. 1♂ (ID: FiCer220) 19 June 2010, FinLoc77, netting, 1♀ (ID: FiCer212) 11–26 June 2010, FinLoc05, Malaise trap.
The single female specimen of F. sp. 1ES, is genetically relatively close to F. hygrophila but easy to distinguish morphologically (e.g. by the shape of the palpus) (Fig.
Material examined. 1♀ (ID: FiCer214) 11–26 June 2010, FinLoc05, Malaise trap.
Forcipomyia nigra has been previously recorded in Norway.
Material examined. 4 ♂♂ (ID: FiCer9, FiCer10, FiCer16, FiCer17) 19–24 June 2010, 1♂ (ID: FiCer94) 24 June–20 July 2010, all FinLoc65, Malaise trap. 1♀ (ID: FiCer210) 11–26 June 2010, FinLoc05, Malaise trap, 2♂♂ (ID: FiCer221, FiCer222) 19 June 2010, FinLoc67, netting, 1♂ (ID: FiCer223) 19 June 2010, FinLoc81, netting.
Forcipomyia nigrans has been previously recorded in Norway.
Material examined. 1♂ (ID: FiCer59), 1♀ (ID: FiCer60) both 24 July–06 August 2010, FinLoc19, 1♂ (ID: FiCer90) and 1♀ (ID: FiCer91) both 24 July–06 August 2010, FinLoc21, 1♀ (ID: FiCer145) 24 June–20 July 2010, 1♀ (ID: FiCer83) 20–30 July 2010, 2♀♀ (ID: FiCer73, FiCer238) 30 July–10 August 2010, all four specimens FinLoc65, 1♀ (ID: FiCer89) 25 August–09 September 2010, FinLoc56, 1♀ (ID: FiCer199) 23 July–07 August 2010 FinLoc05, all Malaise trap.
Forcipomyia tenuis has not been recorded from Scandinavia before, but is known from many other European countries.
Material examined. 1♂ (ID: FiCer46) 17 June 2010, FinLoc36, 1♂ (ID: FiCer219) 19 June 2010, FinLoc77, 2♂♂ (ID: FiCer225, FiCer226) 13 June 2010, FinLoc06, all netting, 1♂ (ID: FiCer231) 20–30 July 2010, FinLoc65, Malaise trap.
Three species of the subgenus F. (Synthyridomyia) are known from Europe. The single female specimen from Finnmark fits the diagnosis of the subgenus (
Material examined. 1♀ (ID: FiCer157) 24 June–20 July 2010, FinLoc65, Malaise trap.
The identification of this species is based on the key of
Material examined. 1♂ (ID: FiCer84) 20.–30. June 2010, 2♂♂ (ID: FiCer144, FiCer153) & 2♀♀ (ID: FiCer147, FiCer164) 24 June–20 July 2010, 1♀ (ID: FiCer237) 30 July–10 August 2010, all FinLoc65, Malaise trap.
The species has been previously recorded in Norway.
Material examined. 1♂ (ID: FiCer150) 24 June–20 July 2010, FinLoc65, Malaise trap.
Three species within the subgenus F. (Thyridomyia) could be distinguished: F. (Thyridomyia) monilicornis, as well as two unnamed species F. (Thyridomyia) sp. 4ES, and F. (Thyridomyia) sp. 5ES. The two latter have only been collected as females (Fig.
Material examined. 1♀ (ID: FiCer162) 24 June–20 July 2010, FinLoc65, Malaise trap.
Material examined. 2♀♀ (ID: FiCer122, FiCer152) 24 June–20 July 2010, FinLoc65, Malaise trap.
The male and female key to F. (Trichohelea) chaetoptera using
Material examined. 1♂ (ID: FiCer111) 19–24 June 2010 & 1♀ (ID: FiCer149) 24 June–20 July 2010, both FinLoc65, Malaise trap.
The Polish species of this genus have recently been revised by
Dasyhelea bensoni is not included in
Material examined. 2♀♀ (ID: FiCer117, FiCer190) 24 June–20 July 2010, FinLoc65, Malaise trap.
There are two clusters of D. (Dasyhelea) specimens, both including males and females, which key out to D. (Dasyhelea) malleola and fit within the description for the species provided by
Material examined. 1♂ (ID: FiCer27) and 1♀ (ID: FiCer44) 19–24 June 2010, 1♂ (ID: FiCer189) and 2♀♀ (ID: FiCer120, FiCer191) 24 June–20 July 2010, 1♀ (ID: FiCer243) 20–30 July 2010, 1♀ (ID: FiCer66), 30 July–08 August 2010, all FinLoc65, Malaise trap, 1♂ (ID: FiCer211) 11–26 June 2010, FinLoc05, Malaise trap.
The male and females of Dasyhelea sp. 4ES do not key to any of the species included in
Material examined. 1♀ (ID: FiCer40) 19–24 June 2010, 2♀♀ (ID: FiCer115, FiCer116) 24 June–20 July 2010, all FinLoc65, Malaise trap. 1♂ (ID: FiCer202) 23 July–07 August 2010, FiLoc08, Malaise trap.
Several specimens, both males and females, could be assigned to D. modesta (Winnertz, 1852). They fit
Material examined. 8♂♂ (ID: FiCer8, FiCer28, FiCer29, FiCer100, FiCer102, FiCer107, FiCer109, FiCer114) and 3♀♀ (ID: FiCer37, FiCer38, FiCer39) 19–24 June 2010, 1♂ (ID: FiCer81) 20–30 July 2010 all FinLoc65, Malaise trap, 1♀ (ID: FiCer204) 23 July–07 August 2010, FiLoc08, Malaise trap.
All sampled Dasyhelea sp. 1ES specimens are females of the subgenus D. (Prokempia). Species identification is only presently possible with males.
Material examined. 1♀ (ID: FiCer118) 19–24 June 2010, 1♀ (ID: FiCer194) 24 June–20 July 2010, 1♀ (ID: FiCer244) 20–30 July 2010, 2♀♀ (ID: FiCer63, FiCer65) 30 July–08 August 2010, all FinLoc65, Malaise trap, 1♀ (ID: FiCer216) 11–26 June 2010 FinLoc05, Malaise trap.
Of the three D. (Pseudoculicoides) species collected, only D. bifida could be named. Dasyhelea (Pseudoculicoides) sp. 2ES and D. (Pseudoculicoides) sp. 3ES are members of the mutabilis group sensu
Material examined. 1♂ (ID: FiCer18) 19–24 June 2010 FinLoc65, Malaise trap.
Material examined. 2♀♀ (ID: FiCer35, FiCer45) 19–24 June 2010 FinLoc65, Malaise trap.
Material examined. 3♀♀ (ID: FiCer119, FiCer) 24 June–20 July 2010 FinLoc65, Malaise trap.
Within the genus Culicoides we found seven species representing five subgenera. For identification, the keys and descriptions of
Material examined. 1♀ (FiCer77) 30 July–10 August 2010, FinLoc65, Malaise trap.
The males of this species key to C. salinarius in
Material examined. 2♂♂ (FiCer1, FiCer2) 19–24 June 2010, FinLoc65, Malaise trap.
1♂ (FiCer47) 15 June–02 July 2010, FinLoc42, Malaise trap.
Material examined. 2♂♂ (FiCer93, FiCer173) 24 June–20 July 2010, 1♂ (FiCer79) 20–30 July 2010, 2♂♂ (FiCer68, FiCer70) and 3♀♀ (FiCer67, FiCer69, FiCer71) 30 July–08 August 2010, all FinLoc65, Malaise trap, 1♂ (FiCer195) and 1♀ (FiCer131) 23 July–07 August 2010, FinLoc05, Malaise trap, 1♂ (FiCer88) 25 August–09 September 2010, FinLoc56, Malaise trap, 3♂♂ (FiCer50, FiCer55, FiCer58) and 2♀♀ (FiCer51, FiCer53) 08 September 2010, FinLoc85, light trap.
Material examined. 1♂ (FiCer23) 19–24 June 2010, FinLoc65, Malaise trap.
Material examined. 2♀♀ (FiCer52, FiCer56) 08 September 2010, FinLoc85, light trap.
Material examined. 1♀ (FiCer180) 24 June–20 July 2010, FinLoc65, Malaise trap.
Material examined. 1♂ (FiCer86) 10 - 23 July 2010, FinLoc05, Malaise trap, 1♀ (FiCer206) 23 July–07 August 2010, FinLoc08, Malaise trap.
The Brachypogon species collected in Finnmark all belong to the subgenus B. (Isohelea).
As mentioned above, there are two clearly divergent clusters of DNA barcodes from specimens identified as B. nitidulus, with a maximum Kimura 2-parameter distance of 5.98% (Figure
The male specimens of the cluster with FiCer04 have a relatively stout palpal segment 3, the males of cluster with FiCer05 have a more slender palpal segment 3.
Material examined. 7♂♂ (ID: FiCer4, FiCer5, FiCer6, FiCer15, FiCer30, FiCer106, FiCer245) and 2♀♀ (ID: FiCer34, FiCer247) 19–24 June 2010, 3♂♂ (ID: FiCer137, FiCer138, FiCer187) and 4♀♀ (ID: FiCer182, FiCer184, FiCer188) 24 June–20 July 2010, 1♀ (ID: FiCer241) 20–30 July 2010, 1♀ (ID: FiCer234) 30 July–10 August 2010, all FinLoc65, Malaise trap, 1♀ (ID: FiCer49) 15 June–02 July 2010, FinLoc42, Malaise trap.
Brachypogon sociabilis has been previously recorded in Norway.
Material examined. 3♂♂ (ID: FiCer14, FiCer101, FiCer110) and 3♀♀ (ID: FiCer33, FiCer43, FiCer246) 19–24 June 2010, 2♂♂ (ID: FiCer183, FiCer185) and 1♀ (ID: FiCer186) 24 June–20 July 2010, 1♂ (ID: FiCer80) and 1♀ (ID: FiCer242) 20–30 July 2010, 2♂♂ (ID: FiCer62, FiCer64) and 2♀♀ (ID: FiCer74, FiCer236) 30 July–10 August 2010, all FinLoc65, Malaise trap, 1♂ (ID: FiCer197) 23 July–07 August 2010, FinLoc05, Malaise trap.
Brachypogon sp.1ES keys to B. (Isohelea) incompletus (Kieffer, 1925) in
Material examined. 1♂ (FiCer105) 19–24 June 2010, FinLoc65, Malaise trap.
Brachypogon sp. 2ES is a species similar to B. (Isohelea) norvegicus Szadziewski & Hagan, 2000 but with a differently shaped aedeagus. The species is possibly new to science.
Material examined. ♂♂ (FiCer21, FiCer22, FiCer26, FiCer31, FiCer99, FiCer112) 19–24 June 2010, ♂ (FiCer141) 24 June–20 July 2010, ♂ (FiCer229) 20–30 July 2010, 1♀ (FiCer235) 30 July–10 August 2010, all FinLoc65, Malaise trap.
All identifications are based on the generic revision by
Ceratopogon abstrusus was described by
Material examined. 2♂♂ (FiCer12, FiCer13) 19–24 June 2010, FinLoc65, Malaise trap.
Ceratopogon grandiforceps from Finnmark is the first record for Fennoscandia.
Material examined. 1♂ (FiCer48) 15 June–02 July 2010, FinLoc42, Malaise trap.
Ceratopogon lacteipennis has been previously recorded in northern Norway (Senja) and other localities in Norway (
Material examined. 3♂♂ (FiCer136, FiCer165, FiCer166) 24 June–20 July 2010, FinLoc65, Malaise trap.
This species has been previously recorded in Norway and was redescribed by
Material examined. 1♂ (FiCer208) 10–23 July 2010, FinLoc08, Malaise trap, 1♀ (ID: FiCer143) 24 June–20 July 2010, FinLoc65, Malaise trap.
A single pupa was collected in a drift sample (see Fig. 9 in
The pupa from Finnmark is the first record of this genus for Norway. Three European species of Probezzia are Holarctic in distribution (
Material examined. 1 pupa (Finnmark792) 19 June 2010, FinLoc92, drift.
The specimen from Finnmark fits the description in
Material examined. 1♂ (FiCer3) 19–24 June 2010, FinLoc65, Malaise trap.
The species keys to B. solstitialis (Winnertz, 1852) in
Material examined. 1♀ (FiCer61) 30 July–08 August 2010, FinLoc65, Malaise trap.
The species keys to B. rhynchostylata in
Material examined. 2♂♂ (FiCer7, FiCer11) and 2♀♀ (FiCer32, FiCer36) 19–24 June 2010, FinLoc65, Malaise trap.
The examined female keys to and fits the description of Palpomyia puberula in
Material examined. 1♀ (FiCer133) 23 July–07 August 2010, FinLoc05, Malaise trap.
The Finnmark specimens fit the description by Havelka (1974).
Material examined. 1♂ (FiCer227) 10–23 July 2010 and 3♂♂ (FiCer200, FiCer207, FiCer209) 23 July–07 August 2010, FinLoc08, Malaise trap, 2♀♀ (FiCer85, FiCer87) 10–23 July 2010 and 1♀ (FiCer132, FiCer198) 23 July–07 August 2010, FinLoc05, Malaise trap.
The examined males and females key to and fit the description of P. serripes in
Material examined. 1♂ (FiCer92) and 4♀♀ (FiCer167, FiCer168, Ficer169, FiCer170) 24 June–20 July 2010, 1♀ (FiCer78) 20–30 July 2010, all FinLoc65, Malaise trap.
The larvae belong to either Bezzia or Palpomyia. For further identification association with the adult is required.
Material examined. 2 larvae (FiCer217, FiCer218) 14 June 2010, FinLoc07, benthos.
Our relatively cursory sampling of Ceratopogonidae revealed a startling 54 species within nine genera. Of these, 40 could be identified to previously named species, and 14 are apparently either undescribed or are close to previously known species. Considering that no Ceratopogonidae have been previously recorded from Finnmark, this is a substantial increase in numbers and reflects the poorly sampled and interpreted state of this diverse and common family in northern Norway. There are several impediments to our understanding this group in Finnmark. For example, much of our collecting, especially with hand nets, was not focused on Ceratopogonidae, which often require a less delicate sweeping mode than is best for Chironomidae. Most of our specimens were collected with Malaise traps, especially with the trap at locality FinLoc65. Even with these considerable limitations, we uncovered a substantial diversity. Certainly, with further concerted sampling in Finnmark, we would expect to find a significantly more diverse fauna than reported here.
A second impediment to understanding Ceratopogonidae in Finnmark, Norway and Europe in general is the major gaps in taxonomic revisions. For most genera, there are no inclusive European keys, based on examination of types and comparative material and most current revisions are regional or country specific. Even the continent-wide threat of Bluetongue and the Schmallenberg virus, resulting in millions of Euros in losses to livestock, has failed as an incentive to produce a comprehensive taxonomic analysis of the species of Culicoides, some of which act as vectors of these diseases. Further to this, very few revisions have compared Palaearctic and Nearctic species, especially important for northern taxa, and this has made an understanding of the distributions of many species uncertain. In some instances, it is very likely that some Palaearctic and Nearctic species, presently with different names, are actually conspecific.
To complete comprehensive revisions, authors should check all available types. This too is an impediment to our understanding of a number of genera. Many species names are floating because no one has examined the types since they were first described (in some cases over 150 years ago!).
Much of this reflects the general state of support for taxonomy, which is generally poor to non-existent. In the meantime, the Ceratopogonidae are a case in point for the value of future studies. Many species live in peripheral aquatic habitats (edges of streams, ponds and marshes) or in very small water bodies (springs, small pools), habitats that are often under extreme threat on our planet. A better understanding of the fauna of these habitats would reinforce the concept that they need to be protected.
One advantage of the present study, despite the lack of some species names, is that every investigated specimen is DNA barcoded and kept as a voucher in a public collection. This makes it possible to include them in further taxonomic studies, and to associate other life stages at a later point in time when obtained. For morphological species that are represented by more than one barcode cluster (such as Dasyhelea modesta or Brachypogon nitidulus), detailed reexamination of vouchers will be required to discover possible morphological traits that may distinguish new taxa. Moreover, as
We are grateful for the help and comments provided by Professor Ryszard Szadziewski on various taxa. We extend our thanks to Torbjørn Ekrem for assistance on the genetic analyses. We thank Torbjørn Ekrem, William Grogan and Jonas Strandberg for comments to the manuscript, Linn Hagenlund for sorting Malaise trap samples and Marc Daverin for producing the map in Figure
Overview of sequenced Ceratopogonidae specimens and species from Finnmark.
Sample ID | Species | Life Stage | Locality | Collection Date | Collectors | GenBank Accession |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FiCer203 | A. (Atrichopogon) hirtidorsum | adult | FinLoc08 | 07-Aug-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767865 |
FiCer205 | A. (Atrichopogon) hirtidorsum | adult | FinLoc08 | 07-Aug-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767866 |
FiCer232 | A. (Atrichopogon) hirtidorsum | adult | FinLoc08 | 07-Aug-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767867 |
FiCer201 | A. (Atrichopogon) infuscus | adult | FinLoc08 | 07-Aug-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767868 |
FiCer130 | A. (Atrichopogon) minutus | adult | FinLoc05 | 27-Aug-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767869 |
FiCer228 | A. (Atrichopogon) minutus | adult | FinLoc08 | 23-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767870 |
FiCer233 | A. (Lophomyidium) fusculus | adult | FinLoc65 | 10-Aug-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767864 |
FiCer148 | A. (Meleohelea) oedemarum | adult | FinLoc65 | 20-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767871 |
FiCer142 | A. (Meleohelea) oedemarum | adult | FinLoc65 | 20-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767872 |
FiCer156 | F. (Euprojoannisia) alacris | adult | FinLoc65 | 20-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768001 |
FiCer121 | F. (Euprojoannisia) alacris | adult | FinLoc65 | 20-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768002 |
FiCer75 | F. (Euprojoannisia) alacris | adult | FinLoc65 | 08-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768003 |
FiCer161 | F. (Euprojoannisia) alacris | adult | FinLoc65 | 20-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768004 |
FiCer239 | F. (Euprojoannisia) palustris | adult | FinLoc65 | 10-Aug-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768036 |
FiCer104 | F. (Euprojoannisia) palustris | adult | FinLoc65 | 24-Jun-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768037 |
FiCer108 | F. (Euprojoannisia) palustris | adult | FinLoc65 | 24-Jun-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768038 |
FiCer24 | F. (Euprojoannisia) palustris | adult | FinLoc65 | 24-Jun-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768039 |
FiCer155 | F. (Euprojoannisia) palustris | adult | FinLoc65 | 20-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768040 |
FiCer125 | F. (Euprojoannisia) palustris | adult | FinLoc65 | 20-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768041 |
FiCer95 | F. (Euprojoannisia) palustris | adult | FinLoc65 | 20-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768042 |
FiCer98 | F. (Euprojoannisia) palustris | adult | FinLoc65 | 24-Jun-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768043 |
FiCer240 | F. (Euprojoannisia) palustris | adult | FinLoc65 | 10-Aug-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768044 |
FiCer159 | F. (Euprojoannisia) palustris | adult | FinLoc65 | 20-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768045 |
FiCer41 | F. (Euprojoannisia) palustris | adult | FinLoc65 | 24-Jun-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768046 |
FiCer42 | F. (Euprojoannisia) palustris | adult | FinLoc65 | 24-Jun-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768047 |
FiCer25 | F. (Euprojoannisia) sp. 6ES | adult | FinLoc65 | 24-Jun-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768055 |
FiCer215 | F. (Euprojoannisia) sp. 6ES | adult | FinLoc05 | 26-Jun-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768056 |
FiCer174 | F. (Euprojoannisia) sp. 6ES | adult | FinLoc65 | 20-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768057 |
FiCer224 | F. (Euprojoannisia) sp. 6ES | adult | FinLoc81 | 19-Jun-2010 | T. Ekrem, E. Stur | KJ768058 |
FiCer113 | F. (Euprojoannisia) sp. 6ES | adult | FinLoc65 | 24-Jun-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768059 |
FiCer76 | F. (Euprojoannisia) sp. 6ES | adult | FinLoc65 | 08-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768060 |
FiCer19 | F. (Euprojoannisia) sp. 6ES | adult | FinLoc65 | 24-Jun-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768061 |
FiCer20 | F. (Euprojoannisia) sp. 6ES | adult | FinLoc65 | 24-Jun-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768062 |
FiCer57 | F. (Forcipomyia) bipunctata | adult | FinLoc65 | 08-Sep-2010 | T. Andersen | KJ768005 |
FiCer146 | F. (Forcipomyia) squamigera | adult | FinLoc65 | 20-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768063 |
FiCer54 | F. (Forcipomyia) sp. 2ES | adult | FinLoc85 | 08-Sep-2010 | T. Andersen | KJ768049 |
FiCer96 | F. (Forcipomyia) sp. 2ES | adult | FinLoc85 | 07-Sep-2010 | T. Andersen | KJ768050 |
FiCer134 | F. (Forcipomyia) sp. 3ES | adult | FinLoc05 | 27-Aug-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768051 |
FiCer212 | F. (Forcipomyia) hygrophila | adult | FinLoc05 | 26-Jun-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768008 |
FiCer220 | F. (Forcipomyia) hygrophila | adult | FinLoc77 | 19-Jun-2010 | T. Ekrem, E. Stur | KJ768009 |
FiCer9 | F. (Forcipomyia) nigra | adult | FinLoc65 | 24-Jun-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768017 |
FiCer222 | F. (Forcipomyia) nigra | adult | FinLoc67 | 19-Jun-2010 | T. Ekrem, E. Stur | KJ768018 |
FiCer221 | F. (Forcipomyia) nigra | adult | FinLoc67 | 19-Jun-2010 | T. Ekrem, E. Stur | KJ768019 |
FiCer210 | F. (Forcipomyia) nigra | adult | FinLoc05 | 26-Jun-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768020 |
FiCer17 | F. (Forcipomyia) nigra | adult | FinLoc65 | 24-Jun-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768021 |
FiCer16 | F. (Forcipomyia) nigra | adult | FinLoc65 | 24-Jun-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768022 |
FiCer94 | F. (Forcipomyia) nigra | adult | FinLoc65 | 20-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768023 |
FiCer10 | F. (Forcipomyia) nigra | adult | FinLoc65 | 24-Jun-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768024 |
FiCer223 | F. (Forcipomyia) nigra | adult | FinLoc81 | 19-Jun-2010 | T. Ekrem, E. Stur | KJ768025 |
FiCer83 | F. (Forcipomyia) nigrans | adult | FinLoc65 | 30-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768026 |
FiCer145 | F. (Forcipomyia) nigrans | adult | FinLoc65 | 20-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768027 |
FiCer91 | F. (Forcipomyia) nigrans | adult | FinLoc21 | 06-Aug-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768028 |
FiCer90 | F. (Forcipomyia) nigrans | adult | FinLoc21 | 06-Aug-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768029 |
FiCer89 | F. (Forcipomyia) nigrans | adult | FinLoc56 | 09-Sep-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768030 |
FiCer238 | F. (Forcipomyia) nigrans | adult | FinLoc65 | 10-Aug-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768031 |
FiCer199 | F. (Forcipomyia) nigrans | adult | FinLoc05 | 07-Aug-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768032 |
FiCer73 | F. (Forcipomyia) nigrans | adult | FinLoc65 | 08-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768033 |
FiCer60 | F. (Forcipomyia) nigrans | adult | FinLoc19 | 06-Aug-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768034 |
FiCer59 | F. (Forcipomyia) nigrans | adult | FinLoc19 | 06-Aug-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768035 |
FiCer231 | F. (Forcipomyia) tenuis | adult | FinLoc65 | 30-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768064 |
FiCer226 | F. (Forcipomyia) tenuis | adult | FinLoc06 | 13-Jun-2010 | T. Ekrem, E. Stur | KJ768065 |
FiCer225 | F. (Forcipomyia) tenuis | adult | FinLoc06 | 13-Jun-2010 | T. Ekrem, E. Stur | KJ768066 |
FiCer219 | F. (Forcipomyia) tenuis | adult | FinLoc77 | 19-Jun-2010 | T. Ekrem, E. Stur | KJ768067 |
FiCer46 | F. (Forcipomyia) tenuis | adult | FinLoc36 | 17-Jun-2010 | E. Stur | KJ768068 |
FiCer214 | F. (Forcipomyia) sp. 1ES | adult | FinLoc05 | 26-Jun-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768048 |
FiCer157 | F. (Synthyridomyia) acidicola | adult | FinLoc65 | 20-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768000 |
FiCer237 | F. (Synthyridomyia) knockensis | adult | FinLoc65 | 10-Aug-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768010 |
FiCer84 | F. (Synthyridomyia) knockensis | adult | FinLoc65 | 30-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768011 |
FiCer147 | F. (Synthyridomyia) knockensis | adult | FinLoc65 | 20-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768012 |
FiCer144 | F. (Synthyridomyia) knockensis | adult | FinLoc65 | 20-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768013 |
FiCer153 | F. (Synthyridomyia) knockensis | adult | FinLoc65 | 20-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768014 |
FiCer164 | F. (Synthyridomyia) knockensis | adult | FinLoc65 | 20-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768015 |
FiCer150 | F. (Thyridomyia) monilicornis | adult | FinLoc65 | 20-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768016 |
FiCer162 | F. (Thyridomyia) sp. 4ES | adult | FinLoc65 | 20-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768052 |
FiCer122 | F. (Thyridomyia) sp. 5ES | adult | FinLoc65 | 20-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768053 |
FiCer152 | F. (Thyridomyia) sp. 5ES | adult | FinLoc65 | 20-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768054 |
FiCer111 | F. (Trichohelea) chaetoptera | adult | FinLoc65 | 24-Jun-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768006 |
FiCer149 | F. (Trichohelea) chaetoptera | adult | FinLoc65 | 20-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768007 |
FiCer190 | D. (Dasyhelea) bensoni | adult | FinLoc65 | 20-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767961 |
FiCer117 | D. (Dasyhelea) bensoni | adult | FinLoc65 | 20-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767962 |
FiCer211 | D. (Dasyhelea) malleola | adult | FinLoc05 | 26-Jun-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767964 |
FiCer44 | D. (Dasyhelea) malleola | adult | FinLoc65 | 24-Jun-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767965 |
FiCer27 | D. (Dasyhelea) malleola | adult | FinLoc65 | 24-Jun-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767966 |
FiCer66 | D. (Dasyhelea) malleola | adult | FinLoc65 | 08-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767967 |
FiCer120 | D. (Dasyhelea) malleola | adult | FinLoc65 | 20-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767968 |
FiCer191 | D. (Dasyhelea) malleola | adult | FinLoc65 | 20-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767969 |
FiCer189 | D. (Dasyhelea) malleola | adult | FinLoc65 | 20-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767970 |
FiCer243 | D. (Dasyhelea) malleola | adult | FinLoc65 | 30-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767971 |
FiCer202 | D. (Dasyhelea) sp. 4ES | adult | FinLoc08 | 07-Aug-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767996 |
FiCer40 | D. (Dasyhelea) sp. 4ES | adult | FinLoc65 | 24-Jun-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767997 |
FiCer116 | D. (Dasyhelea) sp. 4ES | adult | FinLoc65 | 20-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767998 |
FiCer115 | D. (Dasyhelea) sp. 4ES | adult | FinLoc65 | 20-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767999 |
FiCer107 | D. (Dicryptoscena) modesta | adult | FinLoc65 | 24-Jun-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767972 |
FiCer81 | D. (Dicryptoscena) modesta | adult | FinLoc65 | 30-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767973 |
FiCer204 | D. (Dicryptoscena) modesta | adult | FinLoc08 | 07-Aug-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767974 |
FiCer39 | D. (Dicryptoscena) modesta | adult | FinLoc65 | 24-Jun-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767975 |
FiCer38 | D. (Dicryptoscena) modesta | adult | FinLoc65 | 24-Jun-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767976 |
FiCer37 | D. (Dicryptoscena) modesta | adult | FinLoc65 | 24-Jun-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767977 |
FiCer100 | D. (Dicryptoscena) modesta | adult | FinLoc65 | 24-Jun-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767978 |
FiCer29 | D. (Dicryptoscena) modesta | adult | FinLoc65 | 24-Jun-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767979 |
FiCer102 | D. (Dicryptoscena) modesta | adult | FinLoc65 | 24-Jun-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767980 |
FiCer28 | D. (Dicryptoscena) modesta | adult | FinLoc65 | 24-Jun-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767981 |
FiCer8 | D. (Dicryptoscena) modesta | adult | FinLoc65 | 24-Jun-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767982 |
FiCer114 | D. (Dicryptoscena) modesta | adult | FinLoc65 | 24-Jun-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767983 |
FiCer109 | D. (Dicryptoscena) modesta | adult | FinLoc65 | 24-Jun-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767984 |
FiCer63 | D. (Prokempia) sp. 1ES | adult | FinLoc65 | 08-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767985 |
FiCer65 | D. (Prokempia) sp. 1ES | adult | FinLoc65 | 08-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767986 |
FiCer118 | D. (Prokempia) sp. 1ES | adult | FinLoc65 | 20-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767987 |
FiCer194 | D. (Prokempia) sp. 1ES | adult | FinLoc65 | 20-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767988 |
FiCer216 | D. (Prokempia) sp. 1ES | adult | FinLoc05 | 26-Jun-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767989 |
FiCer244 | D. (Prokempia) sp. 1ES | adult | FinLoc65 | 30-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767990 |
FiCer18 | D. (Pseudoculicoides) bifida | adult | FinLoc65 | 24-Jun-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767963 |
FiCer35 | D. (Pseudoculicoides) sp. 2ES | adult | FinLoc65 | 24-Jun-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767991 |
FiCer45 | D. (Pseudoculicoides) sp. 2ES | adult | FinLoc65 | 24-Jun-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767992 |
FiCer193 | D. (Pseudoculicoides) sp. 3ES | adult | FinLoc65 | 20-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767993 |
FiCer192 | D. (Pseudoculicoides) sp. 3ES | adult | FinLoc65 | 20-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767994 |
FiCer119 | D. (Pseudoculicoides) sp. 3ES | adult | FinLoc65 | 20-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767995 |
FiCer1 | C. (Beltramyia) salinarius | adult | FinLoc65 | 24-Jun-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767957 |
FiCer2 | C. (Beltramyia) salinarius | adult | FinLoc65 | 24-Jun-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767958 |
FiCer47 | C. (Beltramyia) salinarius | adult | FinLoc42 | 02-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767959 |
FiCer77 | C. (Beltramyia) sphagnumensis | adult | FinLoc65 | 08-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767960 |
FiCer88 | C. (Culicoides) grisescens | adult | FinLoc56 | 09-Sep-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767938 |
FiCer131 | C. (Culicoides) grisescens | adult | FinLoc05 | 27-Aug-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767939 |
FiCer195 | C. (Culicoides) grisescens | adult | FinLoc05 | 07-Aug-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767940 |
FiCer50 | C. (Culicoides) grisescens | adult | FinLoc85 | 08-Sep-2010 | T. Andersen | KJ767941 |
FiCer51 | C. (Culicoides) grisescens | adult | FinLoc85 | 08-Sep-2010 | T. Andersen | KJ767942 |
FiCer53 | C. (Culicoides) grisescens | adult | FinLoc85 | 08-Sep-2010 | T. Andersen | KJ767943 |
FiCer55 | C. (Culicoides) grisescens | adult | FinLoc85 | 08-Sep-2010 | T. Andersen | KJ767944 |
FiCer58 | C. (Culicoides) grisescens | adult | FinLoc85 | 08-Sep-2010 | T. Andersen | KJ767945 |
FiCer93 | C. (Culicoides) grisescens | adult | FinLoc65 | 20-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767946 |
FiCer67 | C. (Culicoides) grisescens | adult | FinLoc65 | 08-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767947 |
FiCer68 | C. (Culicoides) grisescens | adult | FinLoc65 | 08-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767948 |
FiCer69 | C. (Culicoides) grisescens | adult | FinLoc65 | 08-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767949 |
FiCer70 | C. (Culicoides) grisescens | adult | FinLoc65 | 08-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767950 |
FiCer71 | C. (Culicoides) grisescens | adult | FinLoc65 | 08-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767951 |
FiCer173 | C. (Culicoides) grisescens | adult | FinLoc65 | 20-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767952 |
FiCer79 | C. (Culicoides) grisescens | adult | FinLoc65 | 30-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767953 |
FiCer23 | C. (Oecacta) albicans | adult | FinLoc65 | 24-Jun-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767935 |
FiCer52 | C. (Silvaticulicoides) fascipennis | adult | FinLoc85 | 08-Sep-2010 | T. Andersen | KJ767936 |
FiCer56 | C. (Silvaticulicoides) fascipennis | adult | FinLoc85 | 08-Sep-2010 | T. Andersen | KJ767937 |
FiCer180 | C. (Wirthomyia) minutissimus | adult | FinLoc65 | 20-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767954 |
FiCer206 | C. (Wirthomyia) reconditus | adult | FinLoc08 | 07-Aug-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767955 |
FiCer86 | C. (Wirthomyia) reconditus | adult | FinLoc05 | 23-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767956 |
FiCer4 | B. (Isohelea) nitidulus | adult | FinLoc65 | 24-Jun-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767879 |
FiCer5 | B. (Isohelea) nitidulus | adult | FinLoc65 | 24-Jun-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767880 |
FiCer6 | B. (Isohelea) nitidulus | adult | FinLoc65 | 24-Jun-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767881 |
FiCer106 | B. (Isohelea) nitidulus | adult | FinLoc65 | 24-Jun-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767882 |
FiCer137 | B. (Isohelea) nitidulus | adult | FinLoc65 | 20-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767883 |
FiCer241 | B. (Isohelea) nitidulus | adult | FinLoc65 | 30-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767884 |
FiCer138 | B. (Isohelea) nitidulus | adult | FinLoc65 | 20-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767885 |
FiCer30 | B. (Isohelea) nitidulus | adult | FinLoc65 | 24-Jun-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767886 |
FiCer234 | B. (Isohelea) nitidulus | adult | FinLoc65 | 10-Aug-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767887 |
FiCer15 | B. (Isohelea) nitidulus | adult | FinLoc65 | 24-Jun-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767888 |
FiCer247 | B. (Isohelea) nitidulus | adult | FinLoc65 | 24-Jun-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767889 |
FiCer188 | B. (Isohelea) nitidulus | adult | FinLoc65 | 20-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767890 |
FiCer187 | B. (Isohelea) nitidulus | adult | FinLoc65 | 20-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767891 |
FiCer49 | B. (Isohelea) nitidulus | adult | FinLoc42 | 02-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767892 |
FiCer245 | B. (Isohelea) nitidulus | adult | FinLoc65 | 24-Jun-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767893 |
FiCer184 | B. (Isohelea) nitidulus | adult | FinLoc65 | 20-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767894 |
FiCer181 | B. (Isohelea) nitidulus | adult | FinLoc65 | 20-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767895 |
FiCer182 | B. (Isohelea) nitidulus | adult | FinLoc65 | 20-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767896 |
FiCer34 | B. (Isohelea) nitidulus | adult | FinLoc65 | 24-Jun-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767897 |
FiCer110 | B. (Isohelea) sociabilis | adult | FinLoc65 | 24-Jun-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767898 |
FiCer246 | B. (Isohelea) sociabilis | adult | FinLoc65 | 24-Jun-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767899 |
FiCer242 | B. (Isohelea) sociabilis | adult | FinLoc65 | 30-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767900 |
FiCer14 | B. (Isohelea) sociabilis | adult | FinLoc65 | 24-Jun-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767901 |
FiCer236 | B. (Isohelea) sociabilis | adult | FinLoc65 | 10-Aug-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767902 |
FiCer183 | B. (Isohelea) sociabilis | adult | FinLoc65 | 20-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767903 |
FiCer101 | B. (Isohelea) sociabilis | adult | FinLoc65 | 24-Jun-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767904 |
FiCer33 | B. (Isohelea) sociabilis | adult | FinLoc65 | 24-Jun-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767905 |
FiCer185 | B. (Isohelea) sociabilis | adult | FinLoc65 | 20-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767906 |
FiCer43 | B. (Isohelea) sociabilis | adult | FinLoc65 | 24-Jun-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767907 |
FiCer186 | B. (Isohelea) sociabilis | adult | FinLoc65 | 20-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767908 |
FiCer62 | B. (Isohelea) sociabilis | adult | FinLoc65 | 08-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767909 |
FiCer64 | B. (Isohelea) sociabilis | adult | FinLoc65 | 08-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767910 |
FiCer74 | B. (Isohelea) sociabilis | adult | FinLoc65 | 08-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767911 |
FiCer80 | B. (Isohelea) sociabilis | adult | FinLoc65 | 30-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767912 |
FiCer197 | B. (Isohelea) sociabilis | adult | FinLoc05 | 07-Aug-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767913 |
FiCer105 | B. (Isohelea) sp. 1ES | adult | FinLoc65 | 24-Jun-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767914 |
FiCer97 | B. (Isohelea) sp. 2ES | adult | FinLoc65 | 24-Jun-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767915 |
FiCer99 | B. (Isohelea) sp. 2ES | adult | FinLoc65 | 24-Jun-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767916 |
FiCer103 | B. (Isohelea) sp. 2ES | adult | FinLoc65 | 24-Jun-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767917 |
FiCer26 | B. (Isohelea) sp. 2ES | adult | FinLoc65 | 24-Jun-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767918 |
FiCer112 | B. (Isohelea) sp. 2ES | adult | FinLoc65 | 24-Jun-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767919 |
FiCer22 | B. (Isohelea) sp. 2ES | adult | FinLoc65 | 24-Jun-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767920 |
FiCer229 | B. (Isohelea) sp. 2ES | adult | FinLoc65 | 30-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767921 |
FiCer21 | B. (Isohelea) sp. 2ES | adult | FinLoc65 | 24-Jun-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767922 |
FiCer141 | B. (Isohelea) sp. 2ES | adult | FinLoc65 | 20-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767923 |
FiCer235 | B. (Isohelea) sp. 2ES | adult | FinLoc65 | 10-Aug-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767924 |
FiCer139 | B. (Isohelea) sp. 2ES | adult | FinLoc65 | 20-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767925 |
FiCer31 | B. (Isohelea) sp. 2ES | adult | FinLoc65 | 24-Jun-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767926 |
FiCer12 | Ceratopogon abstrusus | adult | FinLoc65 | 24-Jun-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767927 |
FiCer13 | Ceratopogon abstrusus | adult | FinLoc65 | 24-Jun-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767928 |
FiCer48 | Ceratopogon grandiforceps | adult | FinLoc42 | 02-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767929 |
FiCer166 | Ceratopogon lacteipennis | adult | FinLoc65 | 20-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767932 |
FiCer136 | Ceratopogon lacteipennis | adult | FinLoc65 | 20-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767933 |
FiCer165 | Ceratopogon lacteipennis | adult | FinLoc65 | 20-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767934 |
FiCer143 | Serromyia femorata | adult | FinLoc65 | 20-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768085 |
FiCer208 | Serromyia femorata | adult | FinLoc08 | 23-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768086 |
Finnmark792 | Probezzia | pupa | FinLoc92 | 19-Jun-2010 | G.A. Halvorsen | KJ768084 |
FiCer3 | Bezzia annulipes | adult | FinLoc65 | 24-Jun-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767873 |
FiCer61 | Bezzia circumdata | adult | FinLoc65 | 08-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767874 |
FiCer7 | Bezzia rhynchostylata | adult | FinLoc65 | 24-Jun-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767875 |
FiCer36 | Bezzia rhynchostylata | adult | FinLoc65 | 24-Jun-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767876 |
FiCer11 | Bezzia rhynchostylata | adult | FinLoc65 | 24-Jun-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767877 |
FiCer32 | Bezzia rhynchostylata | adult | FinLoc65 | 24-Jun-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ767878 |
FiCer133 | Palpomyia puberula | adult | FinLoc05 | 27-Aug-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768069 |
FiCer85 | Palpomyia remmi | adult | FinLoc05 | 23-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768070 |
FiCer227 | Palpomyia remmi | adult | FinLoc08 | 23-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768071 |
FiCer209 | Palpomyia remmi | adult | FinLoc08 | 23-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768072 |
FiCer207 | Palpomyia remmi | adult | FinLoc08 | 23-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768073 |
FiCer200 | Palpomyia remmi | adult | FinLoc08 | 07-Aug-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768074 |
FiCer198 | Palpomyia remmi | adult | FinLoc05 | 07-Aug-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768075 |
FiCer87 | Palpomyia remmi | adult | FinLoc05 | 23-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768076 |
FiCer132 | Palpomyia remmi | adult | FinLoc05 | 27-Aug-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768077 |
FiCer168 | Palpomyia serripes | adult | FinLoc65 | 20-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768078 |
FiCer92 | Palpomyia serripes | adult | FinLoc65 | 20-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768079 |
FiCer170 | Palpomyia serripes | adult | FinLoc65 | 20-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768080 |
FiCer78 | Palpomyia serripes | adult | FinLoc65 | 30-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768081 |
FiCer169 | Palpomyia serripes | adult | FinLoc65 | 20-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768082 |
FiCer167 | Palpomyia serripes | adult | FinLoc65 | 20-Jul-2010 | Ekrem et al. | KJ768083 |
FiCer218 | Ceratopogonidae gen. sp. 1ES | larva | FinLoc07 | 14-Jun-2011 | T. Ekrem, E. Stur | KJ767930 |
FiCer217 | Ceratopogonidae gen. sp. 1ES | larva | FinLoc07 | 14-Jun-2010 | T. Ekrem, E. Stur | KJ767931 |