♀ in BMNH (examined). BRAZIL, Nova Teutonia, 27°11'S, 52°23'W, 12.vii.1937, Fritz Plaumann, B.M. 1937-656.

Unknown.

It belongs to the gouleti species-group, and can be separated from other species within that group based on the coloration of anteromesoscutum and metasomal tergites, as well as shape of T1.

Only the holotype specimen is known.

♀ in CNC. COSTA RICA, ACG, Guanacaste Province, Sector El Hacha, Sendero Bejuquilla, 280m, 11.03004, -85.52699, 17.viii.1998. ACG database code: DHJPAR0012577.

3 ♂ (CNC). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0013128, DHJPAR0025345, DHJPAR0031764.

It belongs to the annulicornis species-group, and can be separated from other species within that group based on the combination of flagellomeres 4–8 white-yellow (occupying more than one third of antenna length), head mostly dark brown to black posteriorly, all coxae yellow, and T2 mostly striate.

Female. Body length 2.0–2.1 mm. Fore wing length 2.2–2.3 mm. Head color: mostly dark brown to black; except for orange on most of frons and face, and yellow clypeus, labrum, mandibles, and spot on lower corner of gena near oral foramen. Flagellomere color: central flagellomeres white-yellow, rest dark brown to black. Mesosoma color: entirely orange to yellow-orange. Metasoma color (dorsally): entirely orange to yellow-orange. Coxae color: all pale. Metatibia color: pale. Metatarsus color: pale. Pterostigma color: mostly dark, but with anterior pale spot. Mediotergite 1 length/width at posterior margin 4.6–5.0 ×. Mediotergite 1 maximum width/width at posterior margin 2.7–2.8 ×. Mediotergite 2 width at posterior margin/length: 3.2–3.3 ×. Mediotergite 2 sculpture: Mostly with longitudinally striate sculpture (sometimes with small, smooth area centrally). Ovipositor sheaths length: 0.8 × as long as metatibia.

Male. As female, but with all flagellomeres brown.

Sequences in BOLD: 4, barcode compliant sequences: 4.

Malaise-trapped.

Costa Rica, ACG dry forest and rain forest.

This species is named in honour of Dr. Alfio Piva, a Costa Rican former Vice-President, in recognition of his many years of administrative support to Costa Rica’s INBio (Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad) and therefore of ACG, and of his policy efforts on behalf of conserving biodiversity in Costa Rica.

♀ in CNC. COSTA RICA, ACG, Guanacaste Province, Sector Cacao, Sendero Arenales, 1080m, 10.92471, -85.46738, 18.xii.2008. ACG database code: DHJPAR0031316.

16 ♂ (CNC, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0013423, DHJPAR0013648, DHJPAR0013654, DHJPAR0026205, DHJPAR0026226, DHJPAR0031220, DHJPAR0033731, DHJPAR0033732, DHJPAR0033734, DHJPAR0033742, DHJPAR0033748, DHJPAR0033768, DHJPAR0033896, DHJPAR0033902, DHJPAR0033903, DHJPAR0033906.

It belongs to the annulicornis species-group, and can be separated from other species within that group based on the combination of flagellomeres brown, coloration of mesosoma (propleuron, pronotum partially, small spot on upper corner of mesopleuron, and small marks centrally on anteromesoscutum orange-yellow, rest dark brown), and metacoxa brown.

Female. Body length 2.0–2.1 mm. Fore wing length 2.2–2.3 mm. Head color: mostly dark brown to black; except for orange on most of frons and face, and yellow clypeus, labrum, mandibles, and spot on lower corner of gena near oral foramen. Flagellomere color: all flagellomere brown to black. Mesosoma color: mostly dark brown to black, with pronotum, propleura, anteromesoscutum, spot on mesopleura, and scutellar disc at least partially orange. Metasoma color (dorsally): mostly dark brown to black, except for yellow-orange anterior 0.4–0.6 of mediotergite 1. Coxae color: pale/pale/mostly or completely dark. Metatibia color: mostly pale, with posterior 0.1–0.2 dark. Metatarsus color: pale. Pterostigma color: mostly dark, but with anterior pale spot. Mediotergite 1 length/width at posterior margin 3.6–4.0 ×. Mediotergite 1 maximum width/width at posterior margin 2.5–2.6 ×. Mediotergite 2 width at posterior margin/length: 3.6–3.7 ×. Mediotergite 2 sculpture: Mostly with longitudinally striate sculpture (sometimes with small, smooth area centrally). Ovipositor sheaths length: 1.0 × as long as metatibia.

Male. As female, but with coloration of some specimens slightly darker.

Sequences in BOLD: 26, barcode compliant sequences: 26.

Malaise-trapped.

Costa Rica, ACG cloud forest, dry forest and rain forest.

This species is named in honour of Dr. Alvaro Umaña in recognition of his untiring efforts on behalf of ACG from its initiation in 1985–86 to the present day, and from being then Costa Rica’s first Minister of the Environment (MINAE) to today’s global advocate for ACG as an example of conservation through biodiversity development.

♀ in CNC. COSTA RICA, ACG, Guanacaste Province, Sector Cacao, Sendero Circular, 1185 meters, 10.92714, -85.46683, 18.xii.2008. ACG database code: DHJPAR0031187.

11 ♂ (CNC). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0013526, DHJPAR0031186, DHJPAR0031191, DHJPAR0031192, DHJPAR0031193, DHJPAR0031202, DHJPAR0031204, DHJPAR0031209, DHJPAR0031302, DHJPAR0031307, DHJPAR0031321.

It belongs to the annulicornis species-group, and can be separated from other species within that group based on the combination of head brown, flagellomeres 7–9 white, anteromesoscutum with orange marks centrally, and metatarsus and posterior 0.2 of metatibia brown.

Female. Body length 2.8–2.9 mm. Fore wing length 3.0–3.1 mm. Head color: mostly dark brown to black, except for yellow clypeus, labrum, mandibles, and spot on lower corner of gena near oral foramen. Flagellomere color: central flagellomere white-yellow, rest dark brown to black. Mesosoma color: mostly dark brown to black, with pronotum, propleura, anteromesoscutum, spot on mesopleura, and scutellar disc at least partially orange. Metasoma color (dorsally): mostly dark brown to black, except for yellow-orange anterior 0.4–0.6 of mediotergite 1. Coxae color: pale/pale/pale but with anterior 0.1–0.2 dark. Metatibia color: mostly pale, with posterior 0.1–0.2 dark. Metatarsus color: dark. Pterostigma color: mostly dark, but with anterior pale spot. Mediotergite 1 length/width at posterior margin 2.6–3.0 ×. Mediotergite 1 maximum width/width at posterior margin 1.7–1.8 ×. Mediotergite 2 width at posterior margin/length: 3.4–3.5 ×. Mediotergite 2 sculpture: Mostly with longitudinally striate sculpture (sometimes with small, smooth area centrally). Ovipositor sheaths length: 1.0 × as long as metatibia.

Male. As female, but with all flagellomeres brown, and sometimes anteromesoscutum and metasoma darker.

Sequences in BOLD: 20, barcode compliant sequences: 20.

Malaise-trapped.

Costa Rica, ACG cloud forest.

This species is named in honour of Sra. Ana Lorena Guevara, a key figure in INBio’s (Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad) development of biodiversity prospecting, and a Vice-Minister for the Environment who supported ACG growth and development throughout her four years in office in the 2010’s.

♀ in BMNH (examined). ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES, St. Vincent Island (no further details known about type locality). B.M. Type HYM. 3.c.1077.

2 ♀ in CNC, St. Vincent island; 1 ♀ in CNC, Panama, Cerro Campana, 8°40'N, 79°50'W, 850m.

It belongs to the annulicornis species-group, and can be separated from other species within that group based on the combination of metasoma entirely orange-yellow, mostly smooth and polished, and antenna brown with flagellomeres 6–8 white (rarely also posterior half of flagellomere 5), the band clearly occupying less than one third of antenna length.

Sequences in BOLD: 2, barcode compliant sequences: None.

Panama, St. Vincent Island.

One female from Panama (in CNC collection) represents the first record of P. annulicornis for Central America, and suggests that the species might be more widespread than previously known. That specimen is morphologically very similar to the holotype and two other females from St. Vincent (not part of the type series; collected in 1972, and deposited in the CNC); the only difference observed was the white band on the antenna (starting on flagellomere 5 for the Panama specimen versus starting on flagellomere 6 on specimens from St. Vincent). Two partial DNA barcodes (99 and 164 base pairs respectively) were obtained and also support the view of a single species, as the partial barcodes differed in 2 base pairs between the Panama specimen and one of the females collected in 1972 in St. Vincent.

♂ in BMNH (not examined). ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES, St. Vincent Island (no further details known about the holotype locality).

Only the holotype specimen is known. Wilkinson (1930) synonymized Apanteles brunneus with Apanteles annulicornis, but that was later questioned by Nixon (1965) after examining the hind wings of both holotypes. Nixon implied reinstatement of Apanteles brunneus as a valid species but he did not revise its status explicitly. However, Mason (1981: 86) treated brunneus as a valid species of Pseudapanteles. This is the only species that we were not able to photograph for the present revision.

♂ in CNC. COSTA RICA, ACG, Alajuela Province, Sector San Cristobal, Rio Blanco Abajo, 500m, 10.90037, -85.37254, 11.iii.2006. ACG database code: DHJPAR0004755.

1 ♀ (CNC). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0039928.

It belongs to the annulicornis species-group, and can be separated from other species within that group based on the combination of head, flagellomeres, mesosoma and metasoma mostly dark brown to black, body length and fore wing length 2.3–2.5 mm, and shape of T1 and T2.

Male. Body length 2.0–2.1 mm. Fore wing length 2.2–2.3 mm. Head color: mostly dark brown to black, except for yellow clypeus, labrum, mandibles, and spot on lower corner of gena near oral foramen. Mesosoma color: entirely dark brown to black. Metasoma color (dorsally): mostly dark brown to black, except for yellow-orange anterior 0.4–0.6 of mediotergite 1. Coxae color: pale/pale/mostly or completely dark. Metatibia color: mostly pale, with posterior 0.1–0.2 dark. Metatarsus color: dark. Pterostigma color: pale, with thin dark margins.

Female. See Comments section below.

Sequences in BOLD: 3, barcode compliant sequences: 2.

Hosts: Desmia sp. with interim name of Solis100 (Crambidae).

Costa Rica, ACG rain forest.

This species is named in honour of Sr. Carlos Espinach in recognition of his economic policy efforts for Costa Rica’s government since the early 1990’s, all of which greatly enhanced ACG growth and survival since the mid-1980’s.

Only the holotype male was used to morphologically characterize the species. The female specimen available for study was in poor condition and entirely bleached, with a coloration that most likely does not represent the actual females of this species.

♀ in CNC. COSTA RICA, ACG, Guanacaste Province, Sector El Hacha, Sendero Bejuquilla, 280m, 11.03004, -85.52699, 3.v.1999. ACG database code: DHJPAR0012576.

2 ♂ (CNC). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0013545, DHJPAR0013549.

It belongs to the gouleti species-group, and can be separated from other species within that group based on the combination of mesosoma and metasoma (dorsally) entirely dark brown to black.

Female. Body length 2.0–2.1 mm. Fore wing length 2.0–2.1 mm. Head color: mostly dark brown to black, except for yellow clypeus, labrum, mandibles, and spot on lower corner of gena near oral foramen. Flagellomere color: all flagellomere brown to black. Mesosoma color: entirely dark brown to black. Metasoma color (dorsally): entirely dark brown to black. Coxae color: all pale. Metatibia color: mostly pale, with posterior 0.1–0.2 dark. Metatarsus color: dark. Pterostigma color: mostly dark, but with anterior pale spot. Mediotergite 1 length/width at posterior margin 3.1–3.5 ×. Mediotergite 1 maximum width/width at posterior margin 2.1–2.2 ×. Mediotergite 2 width at posterior margin/length: 3.2–3.3 ×. Mediotergite 2 sculpture: Mostly with longitudinally striate sculpture (sometimes with small, smooth area centrally). Ovipositor sheaths length: 1.0 × as long as metatibia.

Male. As female, with slightly darker body coloration.

Sequences in BOLD: 4, barcode compliant sequences: 4.

Malaise-trapped.

Costa Rica, ACG dry forest.

This species is named in honour of Sr. Carlos Manuel Rodriguez, who has faithfully supported ACG policy for conservation through its biodiversity development from the early 1990’s through the present day, and has been especially important for the development of geothermal resources and land acquisition as a legal advisor, Vice-Minister and Minister of the Environment, all with special and detailed knowledge of Sector Santa Rosa of ACG.

♀ in CNC. COSTA RICA, Alajuela Province, ACG, Sector San Cristobal, Bosque Trampa Malaise, 815m, 10.86280, -85.38460, 13.xii.2007. ACG database code: DHJPAR0025960.

17 ♀, 41 # (BMNH, CNC, INBio, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0024675, DHJPAR0024987, DHJPAR0025702, DHJPAR0025895, DHJPAR0025902, DHJPAR0025985, DHJPAR0025966, DHJPAR0026012, DHJPAR0026026, DHJPAR0026065, DHJPAR0026081, DHJPAR0026084, DHJPAR0026088, DHJPAR0026652, DHJPAR0026717, DHJPAR0027075, DHJPAR0027138, DHJPAR0027164, DHJPAR0027242, DHJPAR0027392, DHJPAR0027591, DHJPAR0027621, DHJPAR0027627, DHJPAR0027646, DHJPAR0027655, DHJPAR0027656, DHJPAR0027657, DHJPAR0027658, DHJPAR0027661, DHJPAR0027663, DHJPAR0027664, DHJPAR0027667, DHJPAR0027699, DHJPAR0027670, DHJPAR0027673, DHJPAR0027675, DHJPAR0027689, DHJPAR0027690, DHJPAR0027691, DHJPAR0027693, DHJPAR0027698, DHJPAR0027700, DHJPAR0027701, DHJPAR0031297.

It belongs to the annulicornis species-group, and can be separated from other species within that group based on the combination of head mostly brown-black posteriorly, but orange on most of frons and face, flagellomeres 6–10 (and posterior half of flagellomere 5) white, anteromesoscutum entirely brown to black, and metatibia and metatarsus entirely yellow to orange.

Female. Body length 2.4–2.5 mm or 2.6–2.7 mm. Fore wing length 2.6–2.7 mm. Head color: mostly dark brown to black; except for orange on most of frons and face, and yellow clypeus, labrum, mandibles, and spot on lower corner of gena near oral foramen. Flagellomere color: central flagellomere white-yellow, rest dark brown to black. Mesosoma color: entirely dark brown to black. Metasoma color (dorsally): mostly dark brown to black, except for yellow-orange anterior 0.4–0.6 of mediotergite 1. Coxae color: pale/pale/pale but with anterior 0.1–0.2 dark. Metatibia color: pale, rarely mostly pale, with posterior 0.1–0.2 dark. Metatarsus color: pale, rarely dark. Pterostigma color: entirely dark. Mediotergite 1 length/width at posterior margin 4.1–4.5 ×. Mediotergite 1 maximum width/width at posterior margin 2.3–2.4 ×. Mediotergite 2 width at posterior margin/length: 3.6–3.7 × or 3.8–3.9 ×. Mediotergite 2 sculpture: Mostly with longitudinally striate sculpture (sometimes with small, smooth area centrally). Ovipositor sheaths length: 1.0 × as long as metatibia or 1.1 × as long as metatibia.

Male. As female, but with all flagellomeres brown.

Sequences in BOLD: 47, barcode compliant sequences: 38.

Malaise-trapped.

Costa Rica, ACG rain forest.

This species is named in honour of Sra. Christiana Figueres for her persistent interest in ACG survival since the early 1990’s, and up through her magnificent current efforts to get the world to reverse its climate change via the UN organizational capacity.

♀ in NMNH (examined). UNITED STATES, California, Santa Ana. USNM type No. 52890.

2 ♂ in CNC, Mexico (intercepted in Canada, Ontario, Windsor).

It belongs to the annulicornis species-group, and can be separated from other species within that group based on the combination of mesosoma and coxae color, anterior 0.6 of mediotergite 1 and most of laterotergites orange-yellow, pterostigma transparent with thin margins brown and T1 shape.

Sequences in BOLD: 1, barcode compliant sequences: 1.

Hosts: Keiferia lycopersicella, Phthorimaea operculella, Symmetrischema capsica, Tildenia gudmannella, Tuta absoluta (Gelechiidae).

Argentina, Bermuda, Cuba, Mexico, Puerto Rico, United States (California, Florida, introduced to Hawaii), US Virgin Islands.

In the CNC there are two male specimens (March, 1936, from Windsor, Ontario Canada); their labels state that the wasp specimens were intercepted on tomato from Mexico infested by Keiferia lycopersicella. Due to the known distribution of the species (mostly Neotropical, only marginally reaching the southern Nearctic), and the fact that those specimens were intercepted during the Canadian winter, we have no evidence that the species occurs in Canada.

♀ in CNC (examined). CANADA, Ontario, Ottawa, 45°21.365'N, 75°42.416'W.

All specimens mentioned in Fernández-Triana (2010 and 2014).

It belongs to the gouleti species-group, and can be separated from other species within that group based on the combination of mesosoma entirely black and metasomal tergites mostly yellow except dark brown T1 and light brown T2.

Sequences in BOLD: 15, barcode compliant sequences: 13.

Hosts: Paraclemensia acerifoliella (Incurvariidae).

Canada (Ontario in an area between 43–46°N and 74–80°W).

The species was recently proposed as of interest for conservation purposes (Fernández-Triana 2014).

♀ in CNC. COSTA RICA, ACG, Guanacaste Province, Sector Santa Rosa, Bosque San Emilio, 300m, 10.84389, -85.61384, 19.iv.1999. ACG database code: DHJPAR0013144.

1 ♀ (CNC). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0031742.

It belongs to the annulicornis species-group, and can be separated from other species within that group based on the combination of body length 2.5 mm, fore wing length 2.7 mm; pterostigma pale with thin brown margins, T1 shape and T2 mostly longitudinally striate.

Female. Body length 2.4–2.5 mm. Fore wing length 2.6–2.7 mm. Head color: mostly dark brown to black; except for orange on most of frons and face, and yellow clypeus, labrum, mandibles, and spot on lower corner of gena near oral foramen. Flagellomere color: first 6–8 flagellomere lighter in color than the rest (which are dark brown to black), making the antenna look as bicolored. Mesosoma color: mostly orange, with parts or all of propodeum, metapleuron, metascutellum, and axillar complex brown to black. Metasoma color (dorsally): mostly yellow-orange, except for mediotergites 4–7 which are centrally brown. Coxae color: pale/pale/mostly or completely dark. Metatibia color: mostly pale, with posterior 0.1–0.2 dark. Metatarsus color: dark. Pterostigma color: pale, with thin dark margins. Mediotergite 1 length/width at posterior margin 2.1–2.5 ×. Mediotergite 1 maximum width/width at posterior margin 1.7–1.8 ×. Mediotergite 2 width at posterior margin/length: 3.4–3.5 ×. Mediotergite 2 sculpture: Mostly with longitudinally striate sculpture (sometimes with small, smooth area centrally). Ovipositor sheaths length: 1.1 × as long as metatibia.

Male. Unknown.

Sequences in BOLD: 2, barcode compliant sequences: 2.

Malaise-trapped.

Costa Rica, ACG dry forest.

This species is named in honour of Sr. Hernan Bravo, who, as a Costa Rican Minister of the Environment and later, directly and indirectly supported ACG’s conservation through its biodiversity development, and especially with respect to geothermal resources

♀ in CNC. COSTA RICA, ACG, Alajuela Province, Sector San Cristobal, Estacion San Gerardo, 575m, 10.88009, -85.38887, 22.vii.2007. ACG database code: DHJPAR0025854.

It belongs to the annulicornis species-group, and can be separated from other species within that group based on the combination of ovipositor sheaths length, T2 mostly longitudinally striate (except for small smooth central area), propodeum mostly smooth (with only median longitudinal carina), and scutoscutellar sulcus with 6 impressed pits.

Female. Body length 2.0–2.1 mm. Fore wing length 2.2–2.3 mm. Head color: mostly dark brown to black, except for yellow clypeus, labrum, mandibles, and spot on lower corner of gena near oral foramen. Flagellomere color: all flagellomere brown to black. Mesosoma color: entirely dark brown to black. Metasoma color (dorsally): mostly dark brown to black, except for yellow-orange anterior 0.4–0.6 of mediotergite 1. Coxae color: pale/pale/mostly or completely dark. Metatibia color: mostly pale, with posterior 0.1–0.2 dark. Metatarsus color: dark. Pterostigma color: entirely dark. Mediotergite 1 length/width at posterior margin 4.1–4.5 ×. Mediotergite 1 maximum width/width at posterior margin 2.1–2.2 ×. Mediotergite 2 width at posterior margin/length: 4.0–4.1 ×. Mediotergite 2 sculpture: Mostly with longitudinally striate sculpture (sometimes with small, smooth area centrally). Ovipositor sheaths length: 0.9 × as long as metatibia.

Male. Unknown.

Sequences in BOLD: 1, barcode compliant sequences: 1.

Malaise-trapped.

Costa Rica, ACG rain forest.

This species is named in honour of Sr. Jorge Rodriguez, who as a forester and a Costa Rican Vice-Minister and Minister of the Environment helped ACG forge new paths of self-support through Environmental Service Payments (Pagos para Servicios Ambientales).

♀ in CNC. COSTA RICA, ACG, Alajuela Province, Sector San Cristobal, Potrero Argentina, 520m, 10.89021, -85.38803, 16.vi.2007. ACG database code: DHJPAR0025751.

It belongs to the annulicornis species-group, and can be separated from other species within that group based on the combination of relatively short ovipositor sheaths (0.7 × as long as metatibia) and T1 shape (T1 length 4.0 × its width at posterior margin).

Female. Body length 2.0–2.1 mm. Fore wing length 2.2–2.3 mm. Head color: mostly dark brown to black, except for yellow clypeus, labrum, mandibles, and spot on lower corner of gena near oral foramen. Flagellomere color: all flagellomere brown to black. Mesosoma color: entirely dark brown to black. Metasoma color (dorsally): mostly dark brown to black, except for yellow-orange anterior 0.4–0.6 of mediotergite 1. Coxae color: pale/pale/mostly or completely dark. Metatibia color: mostly pale, with posterior 0.1–0.2 dark. Metatarsus color: dark. Pterostigma color: entirely dark. Mediotergite 1 length/width at posterior margin 3.6–4.0 ×. Mediotergite 1 maximum width/width at posterior margin 2.1–2.2 ×. Mediotergite 2 width at posterior margin/length: 4.0–4.1 ×. Mediotergite 2 sculpture: Mostly with longitudinally striate sculpture (sometimes with small, smooth area centrally). Ovipositor sheaths length: 0.7 × as long as metatibia.

Male. Unknown.

Sequences in BOLD: 1, barcode compliant sequences: 1.

Malaise-trapped.

Costa Rica, ACG rain forest.

This species is named in honour of Costa Rica’s former President Jose Maria Figueres in recognition of his steady and imaginative support of ACG foundation, growth and survival through non-damaging biodiversity development, beginning in the late 1980’s and continuing to the present day.

♀ in CNC. COSTA RICA, ACG, Alajuela Province, Sector San Cristobal, Potrero Argentina, 520m, 10.89021, -85.38803, 20.ix.2007. ACG database code: DHJPAR0025675.

1 ♀ (CNC). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0026060.

It belongs to the annulicornis species-group, and can be separated from other species within that group based on the combination of metasoma yellow-orange on anterior 0.5–0.6 of T1 and most of laterotergites and hypopygium, T2 shape and ovipositor sheaths slightly shorter (0.9 ×) than metatibia.

Female. Body length 2.0–2.1 mm or 2.2–2.3 mm. Fore wing length 2.2–2.3 mm. Head color: mostly dark brown to black, except for yellow clypeus, labrum, mandibles, and spot on lower corner of gena near oral foramen. Flagellomere color: all flagellomere brown to black. Mesosoma color: entirely dark brown to black. Metasoma color (dorsally): mostly dark brown to black, except for yellow-orange anterior 0.4–0.6 of mediotergite 1. Coxae color: all pale. Metatibia color: mostly pale, with posterior 0.1–0.2 dark. Metatarsus color: dark. Pterostigma color: entirely dark. Mediotergite 1 length/width at posterior margin 4.1–4.5 ×. Mediotergite 1 maximum width/width at posterior margin 2.1–2.2 ×. Mediotergite 2 width at posterior margin/length: 3.6–3.7 ×. Mediotergite 2 sculpture: Mostly with longitudinally striate sculpture (sometimes with small, smooth area centrally). Ovipositor sheaths length: 0.9 × as long as metatibia.

Male. Unknown.

Sequences in BOLD: 2, barcode compliant sequences: 1.

Malaise-trapped.

Costa Rica, ACG rain forest.

This species is named in honour of Sra. Laura Chinchilla, the first female president of Costa Rica and in gratitude for her persistent tolerance of ACG efforts to push the conservation envelope during her term in office.

♀ in NMNH (examined). PANAMA, Summit, Canal Zone. USNM type No. 2793.

It belongs to the annulicornis species-group, and can be separated from other species within that group based on the combination of mesosoma and metasoma entirely yellow, and shape of T1 and T2.

Host: Lipomerinx prismatica (Tineidae).

Panama.

♀ in CNC. COSTA RICA, ACG, Alajuela Province, Sector San Cristobal, Bosque Trampa Malaise, 815m, 10.86280, -85.38460, 11.iii.2008. ACG database code: DHJPAR0027669.

1 ♂ (CNC). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: 08-SRNP-3967.

It belongs to the annulicornis species-group, and can be separated from other species within that group based on the combination of T2 mostly smooth and polished, antenna brown with flagellomeres 6–8 white (rarely also posterior half of flagellomere 5, white band clearly occupying less than one third of antenna length), and metasoma with T3+ partially brown. Those features are shared with the morphologically similar P. margaritapenonae, but P. luisguillermosolisi has the mesosoma entirely orange-yellow (while margaritapenonae has darker areas on propodeum, metapleuron, metascutellum and axillar complex).

Female. Body length 2.4–2.5 mm. Fore wing length 2.6–2.7 mm. Head color: mostly dark brown to black; except for orange on most of frons and face, and yellow clypeus, labrum, mandibles, and spot on lower corner of gena near oral foramen. Flagellomere color: central flagellomere white-yellow, rest dark brown to black. Mesosoma color: entirely orange to yellow-orange. Metasoma color (dorsally): mediotergites 1–2 orange-yellow, rest of mediotergites brown. Coxae color: all pale. Metatibia color: pale. Metatarsus color: pale. Pterostigma color: mostly dark, but with anterior pale spot. Mediotergite 1 length/width at posterior margin 4.1–4.5 ×. Mediotergite 1 maximum width/width at posterior margin 2.3–2.4 ×. Mediotergite 2 width at posterior margin/length: 4.0–4.1 ×. Mediotergite 2 sculpture: Mostly smoth and polished. Ovipositor sheaths length: 0.7 × as long as metatibia.

Male. The only known specimen is missing its head, but the coloration of mesosoma and metasoma is darker than the female holotype.

Sequences in BOLD: 1, barcode compliant sequences: 1.

Malaise-trapped.

Costa Rica, ACG rain forest.

This species is named in honour of Sr. Luis Guillermo Solis, the newly-elected President of Costa Rica, and in appreciation of the new opportunity for further administrative evolution that his election offers to ACG in its quest for sustainable conservation through self-directed non-damaging biodiversity development.

Pseudapanteles luisguillermosolisi is morphologically similar to P. margaritapenonae, but the mesosoma is entirely orange yellow in the former compared to orange yellow but with darker areas on the propodeum, metapleuron, metascutellum and axillar complex in the latter. Also, these species are at least 25 base pairs different (4%) in the DNA barcoding region.

♀ in CNC. COSTA RICA, Alajuela Province, ACG, Sector San Cristobal, Rio Blanco Abajo, 500m, Latitude: 10.90037, Longitude: -85.37254, 12.iii.2008. ACG database code: DHJPAR0026704.

13 ♀, 141 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBio, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0024807, DHJPAR0024910, DHJPAR0025022, DHJPAR0025055, DHJPAR0025061, DHJPAR0025075, DHJPAR0025079, DHJPAR0025083, DHJPAR0025101, DHJPAR0025109, DHJPAR0025110, DHJPAR0025118, DHJPAR0025178, DHJPAR0025317, DHJPAR0025342, DHJPAR0025355, DHJPAR0025406, DHJPAR0025449, DHJPAR0025470, DHJPAR0025521, DHJPAR0025824, DHJPAR0025826, DHJPAR0025827, DHJPAR0025830, DHJPAR0025831, DHJPAR0025840, DHJPAR0025858, DHJPAR0025860, DHJPAR0025866, DHJPAR0025910, DHJPAR0025952, DHJPAR0025959, DHJPAR0026008, DHJPAR0026033, DHJPAR0026107, DHJPAR0026206, DHJPAR0026247, DHJPAR0026268, DHJPAR0026275, DHJPAR0026287, DHJPAR0026289, DHJPAR0026326, DHJPAR0026336, DHJPAR0026390, DHJPAR0026444, DHJPAR0026454, DHJPAR0026464, DHJPAR0026485, DHJPAR0026488, DHJPAR0026497, DHJPAR0026511, DHJPAR0026514, DHJPAR0026525, DHJPAR0026526, DHJPAR0026549, DHJPAR0026556, DHJPAR0026592, DHJPAR0026623, DHJPAR0026653, DHJPAR0027668, DHJPAR0026671, DHJPAR0026672, DHJPAR0026690, DHJPAR0026703, DHJPAR0026711, DHJPAR0026722, DHJPAR0026726, DHJPAR0026731, DHJPAR0026744, DHJPAR0026745, DHJPAR0026752, DHJPAR0026769, DHJPAR0026771, DHJPAR0026783, DHJPAR0026786, DHJPAR0026796, DHJPAR0026798, DHJPAR0026806, DHJPAR0026822, DHJPAR0026835, DHJPAR0026844, DHJPAR0026861, DHJPAR0026872, DHJPAR0026878, DHJPAR0026940, DHJPAR0026943, DHJPAR0026964, DHJPAR0026972, DHJPAR0026973, DHJPAR0026981, DHJPAR0026995, DHJPAR0026998, DHJPAR0027000, DHJPAR0027036, DHJPAR0027058, DHJPAR0027076, DHJPAR0027088, DHJPAR0027093, DHJPAR0027094, DHJPAR0027107, DHJPAR0027108, DHJPAR0027128, DHJPAR0027129, DHJPAR0026150, DHJPAR0027151, DHJPAR0027162, DHJPAR0027168, DHJPAR0027176, DHJPAR0027177, DHJPAR0027180, DHJPAR0027182, DHJPAR0027183, DHJPAR0027193, DHJPAR0027203, DHJPAR0027206, DHJPAR0027209, DHJPAR0027212, DHJPAR0027229, DHJPAR0027252, DHJPAR0027255, DHJPAR0027256, DHJPAR0027302, DHJPAR0027312, DHJPAR0027330, DHJPAR0027331, DHJPAR0027346, DHJPAR0027353, DHJPAR0027355, DHJPAR0027369, DHJPAR0027375, DHJPAR0027376, DHJPAR0027385, DHJPAR0027393, DHJPAR0027400, DHJPAR0027401, DHJPAR0027403, DHJPAR0027405, DHJPAR0027407, DHJPAR0027410, DHJPAR0027419, DHJPAR0027425, DHJPAR0027432, DHJPAR0027437, DHJPAR0027440, DHJPAR0027446, DHJPAR0027450, DHJPAR0027451, DHJPAR0027452, DHJPAR0027453, DHJPAR0027455, DHJPAR0027460, DHJPAR0027534, DHJPAR0027614, DHJPAR0033744.

It belongs to the annulicornis species-group, and can be separated from other species within that group based on the combination of T2 mostly smooth and polished, antenna brown with flagellomeres 6–8 white (rarely also posterior half of flagellomere 5, white band clearly occupying less than one third of antenna length), and metasoma with T3+ partially brown. Those features are shared with the morphologically similar P. luisguillermosolisi, but P. margaritapenonae has darker areas on propodeum, metapleuron, metascutellum and axillar complex, while luisguillermosolisi has the mesosoma entirely orange-yellow.

Female. Body length 2.2–2.3 mm or 2.4–2.5 mm. Fore wing length 2.4–2.5 mm or 2.6–2.7 mm. Head color: mostly dark brown to black; except for orange on most of frons and face, and yellow clypeus, labrum, mandibles, and spot on lower corner of gena near oral foramen. Flagellomere color: central flagellomere white-yellow, rest dark brown to black. Mesosoma color: orange to yellow-orange, with propodeum, metascutellum and parts of axillar complex darker than rest of mesosoma; rarely anteromesoscutum with dark marks laterally and centrally on anterior 0.3. Metasoma color (dorsally): mediotergites 1–2 orange-yellow, rest of mediotergites brown. Coxae color: all pale. Metatibia color: pale. Metatarsus color: pale. Pterostigma color: entirely dark, rarely mostly dark, but with anterior pale spot. Mediotergite 1 length/width at posterior margin 4.1–4.5 × or 4.6–5.0 ×. Mediotergite 1 maximum width/width at posterior margin 2.3–2.4 × or 2.5–2.6 ×. Mediotergite 2 width at posterior margin/length: 2.9–3.1 x, 3.2–3.3 x, rarely 3.4–3.5 ×. Mediotergite 2 sculpture: Mostly smoth and polished. Ovipositor sheaths length: 0.7 × as long as metatibia.

Male. As female, but with all flagellomeres brown and darker body coloration (especially on anteromesoscutum and propodeum).

Sequences in BOLD: 157, barcode compliant sequences: 152.

Malaise-trapped, ACG rainforest.

Costa Rica, ACG rain forest.

This species is named in honour of Sra. Margarita Penon who listened patiently to a half hour of awkward academic description, addressed to Costa Rica’s political structure, of the ACG concept, translated it into two sentences for President-elect Oscar Arias in 1986, and thereby set the process in motion that protects all of these wasps and hundreds of thousands of other ACG species.

Pseudapanteles margaritapenonae is rather variable morphologically, with color varying from very dark brown (including marks on anteromesoscutum) to almost lacking dark areas. The latter extreme approaches the coloration of P. luisguillermosolisi. However, these species differ as described in the diagnosis and the comments for P. luisguillermosolisi.

♂ in CNC. COSTA RICA, ACG, Alajuela Province, Sector San Cristobal, Bosque Trampa Malaise, 815m, 10.86280, -85.38460, 16.vi.2007. ACG database code: DHJPAR0025932.

It belongs to the annulicornis species-group, and can be separated from other species within that group based on the relatively extensive dark area on metatibia (0.6 its length), brown pterostigma, T1 and T2 shape, and body length of at least 2.1 mm.

Male. Body length 2.2–2.3 mm. Fore wing length 2.2–2.3 mm. Head color: mostly dark brown to black, except for yellow clypeus, labrum, mandibles, and spot on lower corner of gena near oral foramen. Mesosoma color: entirely dark brown to black. Metasoma color (dorsally): entirely dark brown to black. Coxae color: pale/pale/mostly or completely dark. Metatibia color: mostly dark, with anterior 0.4 pale. Metatarsus color: dark. Pterostigma color: entirely dark.

Female. Unknown.

Sequences in BOLD: 1, barcode compliant sequences: None.

Malaise-trapped.

Costa Rica, ACG rain forest.

This species is named in honour of Sr. Mario Boza in recognition of his co-midwifery and constant caretaking of the Costa Rican National Park System, today the Areas Silvestres Protegidas (ASPs) of the Sistema de Areas de Conservacion (SINAC) of MINAE, as well as being the Director of Fundación Neotrópica when it received its first major donation for the ACG power line and land purchase in 1985.

♀ in CNC. COSTA RICA, ACG, Guanacaste Province, Sector San Cristobal, Tajo Angeles, 540m, 10.86472, -85.41531, 12.xii.2010. ACG database code: DHJPAR0041506.

6 ♀, 4 ♂ (CNC). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0035505, DHJPAR0039022, DHJPAR0041914, DHJPAR0041975, DHJPAR0042032, DHJPAR0052339, DHJPAR0053022, DHJPAR0054758, DHJPAR0055487, DHJPAR0055525.

It is the only known species in the mariocarvajali group, and can be separated from all other known species of Pseudapanteles based on the shape of T2, and length of body and fore wing.

Female. Body length 3.4–3.5 mm. Fore wing length 3.4–3.5 mm. Head color: entirely yellow to orange. Flagellomere color: all flagellomere brown to black. Mesosoma color: mostly orange, with parts or all of propodeum, metapleuron, metascutellum, and axillar complex brown to black. Metasoma color (dorsally): mostly dark brown to black, except for yellow-orange anterior 0.4–0.6 of mediotergite 1. Coxae color: all pale. Metatibia color: mostly pale, with posterior 0.1–0.2 dark. Metatarsus color: dark. Pterostigma color: entirely dark. Mediotergite 1 length/width at posterior margin 3.1–3.5 ×. Mediotergite 1 maximum width/width at posterior margin 1.7–1.8 ×. Mediotergite 2 width at posterior margin/length: 1.8–1.9 ×. Mediotergite 2 sculpture: Mostly with longitudinally striate sculpture (sometimes with small, smooth area centrally). Ovipositor sheaths length: 1.2 × as long as metatibia or 1.3 × as long as metatibia.

Male. Much darker coloration than female, especially on metascutellum, propodeum, metacoxa and metasoma.

Sequences in BOLD: 10, barcode compliant sequences: 10.

Hosts: Stenoma adytomes, Stenoma sp. with interim name Janzen687 (Elachistidae).

Costa Rica, ACG dry forest and rain forest.

This species is named in honour of Sr. Mario Carvajal in recognition of his support, as Minister of Agriculture, for ACG biodiversity conservation through biodiversity development, and watchful support of ACG resources in the Fundacion de Parques Nacionales and in ACG.

♂ in CNC. COSTA RICA, ACG, Alajuela Province, Sector San Cristobal, Estación San Gerardo, 575 m, 10.88009, -85.38887, 15.iv.2008. ACG database code: DHJPAR0026281.

It belongs to the gouleti species-group, and can be separated from other species within that group by the combination of pterostigma yellow-white, with very thin brown margins, propodeum only slightly sculptured on posterolateral corners and differentiated into elevated central area (which is shiny) and depressed posterolateral corners, and metasoma tergites dark brown except for anterior 0.6 of T1 which is yellow.

Male. Body length 2.0–2.1 mm. Fore wing length 2.2–2.3 mm. Head color: mostly dark brown to black, except for yellow clypeus, labrum, mandibles, and spot on lower corner of gena near oral foramen. Mesosoma color: entirely dark brown to black. Metasoma color (dorsally): mostly dark brown to black, except for yellow-orange anterior 0.4–0.6 of mediotergite 1. Coxae color: pale/pale/mostly or completely dark. Metatibia color: mostly pale, with posterior 0.1–0.2 dark. Metatarsus color: dark. Pterostigma color: pale, with thin dark margins.

Female. Unknown.

Sequences in BOLD: 1, barcode compliant sequences: 1.

Malaise-trapped.

Costa Rica, ACG rain forest.

This species is named in honour of Sra. Maureen Ballestero, Diputada from Guanacaste, and stimulator and promoter of ACG’s efforts to develop its geothermal resources as part of its quest for financial independence and conservation through non-damaging biodiversity development.

♀ in BMNH (examined). BRAZIL, Nova Teutonia, 27°11'S, 52°23'W, 16.ix.1935, Fritz Plaumann, B.M. Type HYM. 3c.1483.

It belongs to the annulicornis species-group, and can be separated from other species within that group based on head entirely yellow-orange, coloration of mesosoma and metasoma, and shape of T1 and T2.

Only the holotype specimen is known. Based on examination of the fore wing venation, propodeum median carina, mediotergites, hypopygium, ovipositor and ovipositor sheaths, this species clearly belongs to Pseudapanteles.

♀ in CNC. COSTA RICA, ACG, Alajuela Province, Sector San Cristobal, Rio Blanco Abajo, 500m, 10.90037, -85.37254, 23.iv.2008. ACG database code: DHJPAR0027221.

It belongs to the annulicornis species-group, and can be separated from other species within that group based on metatibia relatively extensively dark (on posterior 0.6), shape of T1 and T2, and length of body and fore wing.

Female. Body length 1.8–1.9 mm. Fore wing length 1.8–1.9 mm. Head color: mostly dark brown to black, except for yellow clypeus, labrum, mandibles, and spot on lower corner of gena near oral foramen. Flagellomere color: all flagellomere brown to black. Mesosoma color: entirely dark brown to black. Metasoma color (dorsally): mostly dark brown to black, except for yellow-orange anterior 0.4–0.6 of mediotergite 1. Coxae color: pale/pale/mostly or completely dark. Metatibia color: mostly dark, with anterior 0.4 pale. Metatarsus color: dark. Pterostigma color: entirely dark. Mediotergite 1 length/width at posterior margin 5.6–6.0 ×. Mediotergite 1 maximum width/width at posterior margin 3.5 × or more. Mediotergite 2 width at posterior margin/length: 2.7–2.8 ×. Mediotergite 2 sculpture: Mostly smoth and polished. Ovipositor sheaths length: 0.7 × as long as metatibia.

Male. Unknown.

Sequences in BOLD: 1, barcode compliant sequences: 1.

Malaise-trapped.

Costa Rica, ACG rain forest.

This species is named in honour of Sra. Muni Figueres in recognition of her understanding and support of ACG biodiversity development since the late 1980’s, and most recently as Costa Rica’s Ambassador to the United States, based in Washington, D.C.

♀ in BMNH (examined). BRAZIL, Nova Teutonia, 27°11'S, 52°23'W, 26.iv.1938, Fritz Plaumann, B.M. 1938-682.

It belongs to the annulicornis species-group, and can be separated from other species within that group based on metasoma almost entirely dark brown (except for laterotergites 1 and 2), T2 shape, and relatively long ovipositor sheaths (as long as metatibia).

Only the holotype specimen is known.

♀ in NMNH (examined). UNITED STATES, Pennsylvania, Mount Holly Springs. USNM type No. 22522.

It belongs to the annulicornis species-group, and can be separated from other species within that group based on most of mesosoma (except for metanotum and propodeum black), metasoma and legs reddish brown.

United States (Georgia, Pennsylvania).

♀ in CNC. COSTA RICA, ACG, Alajuela Province, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Sendero Albergue Crater, 980m, 10.84886, -85.3281, 16.v.2010. ACG database code: DHJPAR0040498.

1 ♀, 2 ♂ (CNC). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0039450, DHJPAR0043037, 10-SRNP-2415.

It belongs to the gouleti species-group, and can be separated from other species within that group based on pronotal collar yellow-orange, anteromesoscutum entirely orange-yellow, metasomal tergites entirely dark brown to black, and shape of T1.

Female. Body length 2.6–2.7 mm. Fore wing length 2.8–2.9 mm. Mesosoma color: mostly dark brown to black, with pronotum, propleura, anteromesoscutum, spot on mesopleura, and scutellar disc at least partially orange. Metasoma color (dorsally): mostly dark brown to black, except for yellow-orange anterior 0.4–0.6 of mediotergite 1. Coxae color: pale/pale/mostly or completely dark. Pterostigma color: entirely dark. Mediotergite 1 length/width at posterior margin 2.1–2.5 ×. Mediotergite 1 maximum width/width at posterior margin 1.3–1.4 ×. Mediotergite 2 width at posterior margin/length: 2.5–2.6 ×. Mediotergite 2 sculpture: Mostly with longitudinally striate sculpture (sometimes with small, smooth area centrally).

Male. Much darker coloration than female, especially on mesosoma and metasoma.

Sequences in BOLD: 5, barcode compliant sequences: 5.

Hosts: Elachistidae: Antaeotricha sp. with interim name Janzen888, and two other confamilials.

Costa Rica, ACG cloud forest and rain forest.

This species is named in honour of former President Oscar Arias who, upon listening to Margarita Penon’s summary of the ACG concept in 1986, set ACG survival policy in motion with “Sounds good to me if it doesn’t cost Costa Rica anything”; it hasn’t.

♀ in CNC. COSTA RICA, ACG, Guanacaste Province, Sector Santa Rosa, Area Administrativa, 295m, 10.83764, -85.61871, 25.xii.2008. ACG database code: DHJPAR0031749.

It belongs to the annulicornis species-group, and can be separated from other species within that group based on head entirely yellow-orange, anteromesoscutum entirely orange, T2 mostly longitudinally striate, and mesopleuron, metapleuron, axillar complex, metascutellum and propodeum dark brown to black.

Female. Body length 2.6–2.7 mm. Fore wing length 2.8–2.9 mm. Head color: entirely yellow to orange. Flagellomere color: all flagellomere brown to black. Mesosoma color: mostly dark brown to black, with pronotum, propleura, anteromesoscutum, spot on mesopleura, and scutellar disc at least partially orange. Metasoma color (dorsally): mostly dark brown to black, with anterior 0.8 of mediotergite 1 and lateral areas on mediotergites 3–7 yellow-orange. Coxae color: pale/pale/mostly or completely dark. Metatibia color: mostly pale, with posterior 0.1–0.2 dark. Metatarsus color: dark. Pterostigma color: mostly dark, but with anterior pale spot. Mediotergite 1 length/width at posterior margin 2.1–2.5 ×. Mediotergite 1 maximum width/width at posterior margin 1.7–1.8 ×. Mediotergite 2 width at posterior margin/length: 3.8–3.9 ×. Mediotergite 2 sculpture: Mostly with longitudinally striate sculpture (sometimes with small, smooth area centrally). Ovipositor sheaths length: 0.9 × as long as metatibia.

Male. Unknown.

Sequences in BOLD: 1, barcode compliant sequences: 1.

Malaise-trapped.

Costa Rica, ACG dry forest.

This species is named in honour of Sr. Otton Solis in recognition of his steadfast policy support of the ACG concept throughout two decades of Costa Rican political turmoil and the foundation of the party, PAC (Partido Accion Ciudadana), of Costa Rica’s President-elect Luis Guillermo Solis (no relative).

♀ in CNC. COSTA RICA, ACG, Alajuela Province, Sector San Cristobal, Rio Blanco Abajo, 500m, 10.90037, -85.37254, 6.v.2008. ACG database code: DHJPAR0027329.

It belongs to the annulicornis species-group, and can be separated from other species within that group based on head entirely yellow-orange, anteromesoscutum with brown marks laterally and centrally on anterior 0.3, rest of mesosoma orange, and T2 smooth.

Female. Body length 2.6–2.7 mm. Fore wing length 2.6–2.7 mm. Head color: entirely yellow to orange. Flagellomere color: all flagellomere brown to black. Mesosoma color: mostly orange to yellow-orange, but with anteromesoscutum with dark marks laterally and centrally on anterior 0.3. Metasoma color (dorsally): mostly dark brown to black, except for yellow-orange anterior 0.4–0.6 of mediotergite 1. Coxae color: all pale. Metatibia color: pale. Metatarsus color: pale. Pterostigma color: entirely dark, rarely mostly dark, but with anterior pale spot. Mediotergite 1 length/width at posterior margin 2.6–3.0 ×. Mediotergite 1 maximum width/width at posterior margin 1.9–2.0 ×. Mediotergite 2 width at posterior margin/length: 3.8–3.9 ×. Mediotergite 2 sculpture: Mostly smoth and polished. Ovipositor sheaths length: 1.0 × as long as metatibia.

Male. Unknown.

Sequences in BOLD: 1, barcode compliant sequences: 1.

Malaise-trapped.

Costa Rica, ACG rain forest.

This species is named in honour of Dr. Pedro Leon, fellow ACG watchdog, policy and biodiversity advisor, and analyst, and Director of the Fundacion de Parques Nacionales in its seminal role in ACG development, and companion throughout the ACG long march (Janzen 2000) and efforts to endow the entire Costa Rican national park system.

♀ in CNC. COSTA RICA, ACG, Guanacaste Province, Sector Cacao, Cerro Pedregal, 1080m, 10.92767, -85.47449, 22.xi.2008. ACG database code: DHJPAR0033842.

1 ♀, 12 ♂ (BMNH, CNC, INBio, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0013239, DHJPAR0013404, DHJPAR0013405, DHJPAR0013411, DHJPAR0013416, DHJPAR0013419, DHJPAR0013420, DHJPAR0013422, DHJPAR0013425, DHJPAR0013426, DHJPAR0013427, DHJPAR0013605, DHJPAR0013609.

It belongs to the gouleti species-group, and can be separated from other species within that group based on anteromesoscutum and axillar complex with some orange spots, head mostly brown-black posteriorly but orange on most of frons and face, and scape yellow, contrasting with brown flagellomeres.

Female. Body length 2.2–2.3 mm. Fore wing length 2.4–2.5 mm. Head color: mostly dark brown to black; except for orange on most of frons and face, and yellow clypeus, labrum, mandibles, and spot on lower corner of gena near oral foramen. Flagellomere color: all flagellomere brown to black. Mesosoma color: mostly dark brown to black, except for posterior 0.4 of anteromesoscutum orange. Metasoma color (dorsally): mostly dark brown to black, except for yellow-orange anterior 0.4–0.6 of mediotergite 1. Coxae color: pale/pale/mostly or completely dark. Metatibia color: pale. Metatarsus color: pale. Pterostigma color: entirely dark. Mediotergite 1 length/width at posterior margin 4.1–4.5 ×. Mediotergite 1 maximum width/width at posterior margin 1.9–2.0 ×. Mediotergite 2 width at posterior margin/length: 3.2–3.3 ×. Mediotergite 2 sculpture: Mostly with longitudinally striate sculpture (sometimes with small, smooth area centrally). Ovipositor sheaths length: 0.8 × as long as metatibia.

Male. As female, but with darker coloration on mesosoma, metasoma and legs.

Sequences in BOLD: 16, barcode compliant sequences: 16.

Malaise-trapped.

Costa Rica, ACG dry forest.

This species is named in honour of Sr. Raul Solorzano, an environmental Vice-Minister and steadfast supporter of the foundation and survival of ACG in the swirling waters of governmental changes and 25 years of growth from a staid small national park to a dynamic large institution (http://www.acguanacaste.ac.cr).

♀ in CNC. COSTA RICA, ACG, Guanacaste Province, Sector Santa Rosa, Area Administrativa, 295m, 10.83764, -85.61871, 25.xii.2008. ACG database code: DHJPAR0031765.

2 ♀ (CNC). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0013149, DHJPAR0031639.

It belongs to the annulicornis species-group, and can be separated from other species within that group based on T2 mostly smooth, propodeum with short, carina like sculpture on lateral and posterior margins in addition to median longitudinal carina, and ovipositor sheaths relatively long (1.0 × as long as metatibia).

Female. Body length 2.0–2.1 mm. Fore wing length 2.0–2.1 mm. Head color: mostly dark brown to black, except for yellow clypeus, labrum, mandibles, and spot on lower corner of gena near oral foramen. Flagellomere color: all flagellomere brown to black. Mesosoma color: entirely dark brown to black. Metasoma color (dorsally): mostly dark brown to black, except for yellow-orange anterior 0.4–0.6 of mediotergite 1. Coxae color: pale/pale/mostly or completely dark. Metatibia color: mostly pale, with posterior 0.1–0.2 dark. Metatarsus color: dark. Pterostigma color: entirely dark. Mediotergite 1 length/width at posterior margin 4.6–5.0 ×. Mediotergite 1 maximum width/width at posterior margin 2.5–2.6 ×. Mediotergite 2 width at posterior margin/length: 3.6–3.7 × or 4.0–4.1 ×. Mediotergite 2 sculpture: Mostly smoth and polished. Ovipositor sheaths length: 1.0 × as long as metatibia.

Male. Unknown.

Sequences in BOLD: 2, barcode compliant sequences: 1.

Malaise-trapped.

Costa Rica, ACG dry forest.

This species is named in honour of Dr. Rene Castro, a Minister of Costa Rica’s MINAE, who helped ACG and INBio in their early years of exploring conservation through non-damaging biodiversity development, promoted the development of Costa Rica’s carbon market, and tolerated the growing pains of decentralized administration of Costa Rica’s conserved wildlands.

♀ in CNC. COSTA RICA, ACG, Alajuela Province, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Estacion Caribe, 415m, 10.90187, -85.27495, 23.vi.2007. ACG database code: DHJPAR0025819.

It belongs to the annulicornis species-group, and can be separated from other species within that group based on metatibia dark brown on posterior 0.9, pterostigma yellow-white, with very thin brown margins, T1 shape, and length of body and fore wing (1.6 mm).

Female. Body length 1.6–1.7 mm. Fore wing length 1.6–1.7 mm. Head color: mostly dark brown to black; except for orange on most of frons and face, and yellow clypeus, labrum, mandibles, and spot on lower corner of gena near oral foramen. Flagellomere color: all flagellomere brown to black. Mesosoma color: entirely dark brown to black. Metasoma color (dorsally): mostly dark brown to black, except for yellow-orange anterior 0.4–0.6 of mediotergite 1. Coxae color: pale/pale/mostly or completely dark. Metatibia color: mostly dark, with anterior 0.1 pale. Metatarsus color: dark. Pterostigma color: entirely pale. Mediotergite 1 length/width at posterior margin 4.6–5.0 ×. Mediotergite 1 maximum width/width at posterior margin 2.9–3.0 ×. Mediotergite 2 width at posterior margin/length: 2.0–2.1 ×. Mediotergite 2 sculpture: Mostly smoth and polished. Ovipositor sheaths length: 0.6 × as long as metatibia.

Male. Unknown.

Sequences in BOLD: 1, barcode compliant sequences: 1.

Malaise-trapped.

Costa Rica, ACG rain forest.

This species is named in honour of Dr. Rodrigo Gamez in recognition of his founding and developing INBio, guiding the emergence of Costa Rican national conservation policy for non-damaging use, and being the primary supporter of ACG’s early efforts to establish its endowment-supported budgetary system.

♀ in CNC. COSTA RICA, ACG, Guancaste Province, Sector Santa Rosa, Bosque San Emilio, 300m, 10.84389, -85.61384, 2.vi.2007. ACG database code: DHJPAR0013244.

15 ♀ (BMNH, CNC, INBio, INHS, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0013246, DHJPAR0024750, DHJPAR0031583, DHJPAR0031599, DHJPAR0031644, DHJPAR0031648, DHJPAR0031654, DHJPAR0031715, DHJPAR0031746, DHJPAR0031748, DHJPAR0031754, DHJPAR0031817, DHJPAR0031833, DHJPAR0031835, DHJPAR0031836.

It belongs to the gouleti species-group, and can be separated from other species within that group based on anteromesoscutum, axillar complex and head (except for clypeus, labrum and mandibles) entirely dark brown to black, and scape brown, same color as flagellomeres.

Female. Body length 2.2–2.3 mm. Fore wing length 2.0–2.1 mm or 2.2–2.3 mm. Head color: mostly dark brown to black, except for yellow clypeus, labrum, mandibles, and spot on lower corner of gena near oral foramen. Flagellomere color: all flagellomere brown to black. Mesosoma color: entirely dark brown to black. Metasoma color (dorsally): entirely dark brown to black. Coxae color: pale/pale/mostly or completely dark. Metatibia color: pale. Metatarsus color: pale. Pterostigma color: entirely dark. Mediotergite 1 length/width at posterior margin 3.6–4.0 ×. Mediotergite 1 maximum width/width at posterior margin 1.9–2.0 ×. Mediotergite 2 width at posterior margin/length: 2.9–3.1 × or 3.8–3.9 ×. Mediotergite 2 sculpture: Mostly with longitudinally striate sculpture (sometimes with small, smooth area centrally). Ovipositor sheaths length: 1.0 × as long as metatibia or 1.1 × as long as metatibia.

Male. Unknown.

Sequences in BOLD: 41, barcode compliant sequences: 39.

Malaise-trapped.

Costa Rica, ACG dry forest.

This species is named in honour of Sra. Rosemary Karpinski’s teamwork with Dr. Rodrigo Gamez to obtain the political approval that allowed for the germination and growth of ACG.

♀ in BMNH (examined). GUYANA, no other locality or date information. Here we designate, to increase nomenclatural stability, a lectotype from the syntype series (which includes 4 ♀ and 4 ♂ all glued on the same card, with voucher code: “B.M. Type HYM. 3.c.985”). The lectotype is the female positioned at the lower row, left corner of the card (Figs 166, 168). The paralectotypes are conspecific with the lectotype.

24 ♀, 11 ♂ (CNC, NMNH). COSTA RICA, ACG, Alajuela Province, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Estacion Llanura, 135m, 10.93332, -85.25331. ACG database codes: DHJPAR0026267, DHJPAR0047117, DHJPAR0047133, DHJPAR0052908, DHJPAR0053737, DHJPAR0053754, DHJPAR0053787, 11-SRNP-76958, 13-SRNP-76587.

It belongs to the annulicornis species-group, and can be separated from other species within that group based on a combination of all flagellomeres brown, T2 light brown, metatibia yellow with posterior 0.1–0.2 dark brown to black, metatarsus dark brown to black, pterostigma pale with thin brown margins, and ovipositor sheaths 0.9 × as long as metatibia.

Female. Body length 2.4–2.5 mm or 2.6–2.7 mm. Fore wing length 2.6–2.7 mm. Head color: mostly dark brown to black; except for orange on most of frons and face, and yellow clypeus, labrum, mandibles, and spot on lower corner of gena near oral foramen. Flagellomere color: all flagellomere brown to black. Mesosoma color: mostly orange, with parts or all of propodeum, metapleuron, metascutellum, and axillar complex brown to black. Metasoma color (dorsally): mostly dark brown to black, except for yellow-orange anterior 0.4–0.6 of mediotergite 1. Coxae color: all pale. Metatibia color: mostly pale, with posterior 0.1–0.2 dark. Metatarsus color: dark. Pterostigma color: pale, with thin dark margins. Mediotergite 1 length/width at posterior margin 3.6–4.0 x, rarely 3.1–3.5 × or 4.1–4.5 ×. Mediotergite 1 maximum width/width at posterior margin 2.5–2.6 ×, 2.7–2.8 ×, rarely 2.9–3.0 ×. Mediotergite 2 width at posterior margin/length: 3.8–3.9 × or 4.0–4.1 ×. Mediotergite 2 sculpture: Mostly smoth and polished. Ovipositor sheaths length: 0.9 × as long as metatibia.

Male. Much darker coloration than female, especially on anteromesoscutum, propodeum, metacoxa, and metasoma.

Sequences in BOLD: 5, barcode compliant sequences: 5.

Hosts: Desmia ufeus, Desmia spp. with interim names Janzen18 and Janzen19; Spoladea recurvalis (Crambidae).

Cuba, Costa Rica (ACG), Guyana.

The syntype series (from Guyana) is morphologically indistinguishable from the ACG specimens, so we treat them as conspecific. The description provided above is based on ACG specimens. All specimens of P. ruficollis in ACG have been reared from three species of Desmia caterpillars feeding on Vitaceae. In ACG, this wasp has not been reared from Spoladea recurvalis (Crambidae), the host reported for its rearing in Guyana, despite more than 190 rearing records for ACG S. recurvalis (that produced no microgastrine braconids). This moth is host-specific to Amaranthaceae herbs, and no Desmia have been reared from any of the thousands of caterpillar rearing records from ACG Amaranthaceae. However, adult Spoladea are black with white spots, as are Desmia, and are frequently misidentified as “a species of Desmia”. It is very likely that the Guyana record of P. ruficollis is actually a rearing from a batch of Desmia caterpillars, since the caterpillar that produced the wasps obviously could not be directly identified from an adult.

♀ in NMNH (examined). UNITED STATES, Virginia, Vienna. USNM type No. 14324.

5 ♂ (CNC). Canada, Ontario, Niagara Falls; United States, Florida, Fort Ogden; Virgina, Falls Church; Virginia, Vienna.

It belongs to the annulicornis species-group, and can be separated from other species within that group based on head, flagellomeres, mesosoma and metasoma dark brown to black, and body and fore wing length usually 3.0 mm.

Sequences in BOLD: 2, barcode compliant sequences: none.

Host: Synanthedon scitula (Sesiidae).

Canada (Ontario), United States (District of Columbia, Florida, Indiana, New Jersey, Texas, Virginia).

Two partial DNA barcodes (100 and 164 base pairs respectively) were obtained from specimens from Canada (Ontario) and United States (Florida).

♀ in CNC. COSTA RICA, ACG, Guanacaste Province, Sector Santa Rosa, Bosque Humedo, 290m, 10.85145, -85.60801, 23.ii.1998. ACG database code: DHJPAR0013238.

It belongs to the gouleti species-group, and can be separated from other species within that group by the combination of anteromesoscutum mostly dark brown to black, propodeum mostly smooth, with well-defined median carina and few short rugosities transverse to that carina, and antenna relatively shorter on its anterior half (with second flagellomere 2.5 × as long as wide, and eight flagellomere 2.2 × as long as wide).

Female. Body length 1.8–1.9 mm. Fore wing length 2.0–2.1 mm. Head color: mostly dark brown to black; except for orange on most of frons and face, and yellow clypeus, labrum, mandibles, and spot on lower corner of gena near oral foramen. Flagellomere color: all flagellomere brown to black. Mesosoma color: mostly dark brown to black, with pronotum, propleura, anteromesoscutum, spot on mesopleura, and scutellar disc at least partially orange. Metasoma color (dorsally): entirely dark brown to black. Coxae color: pale/pale/mostly or completely dark. Metatibia color: mostly pale, with posterior 0.1–0.2 dark. Metatarsus color: dark. Pterostigma color: mostly dark, but with anterior pale spot. Mediotergite 1 length/width at posterior margin 3.1–3.5 ×. Mediotergite 1 maximum width/width at posterior margin 1.9–2.0 ×. Mediotergite 2 width at posterior margin/length: 3.6–3.7 ×. Mediotergite 2 sculpture: Mostly with longitudinally striate sculpture (sometimes with small, smooth area centrally). Ovipositor sheaths length: 1.0 × as long as metatibia.

Male. Unknown.

Sequences in BOLD: 1, barcode compliant sequences: 1.

Malaise-trapped.

Costa Rica, ACG dry forest.

This species is named in honour of Sra. Sonia Picado in recognition of her wise counsel in advising the legal-administrative process of the expropriation of Sector Santa Elena for ACG, while she was Costa Rica’s Ambassador to the United States.

♀ in CNC. COSTA RICA, ACG, Guanacaste Province, Sector El Hacha, Quebrada La Leona, 255m, 11.03028, -85.54781, 3.v.2011. ACG database code: DHJPAR0048162.

1 ♀ (CNC). COSTA RICA, ACG database codes: DHJPAR0045346.

It belongs to the annulicornis species-group, and can be separated from other species within that group based on metacoxa dark brown to black, ovipositor sheaths at least 1.0 × as long as metatibia, length of body and fore wing over 2.8 mm, and shape of T1 and T2.

Female. Body length 2.8–2.9 mm. Fore wing length 3.0–3.1 mm. Head color: mostly dark brown to black; except for orange on most of frons and face, and yellow clypeus, labrum, mandibles, and spot on lower corner of gena near oral foramen. Flagellomere color: all flagellomere brown to black. Mesosoma color: mostly dark brown to black, with pronotum, propleura, anteromesoscutum, spot on mesopleura, and scutellar disc at least partially orange. Metasoma color (dorsally): mediotergites 1–2 orange-yellow, rest of mediotergites brown. Coxae color: pale/pale/mostly or completely dark. Metatibia color: mostly pale, with posterior 0.1–0.2 dark. Metatarsus color: dark. Pterostigma color: mostly dark, but with anterior pale spot. Mediotergite 1 length/width at posterior margin 1.6–2.0 ×. Mediotergite 1 maximum width/width at posterior margin 1.5–1.6 ×. Mediotergite 2 width at posterior margin/length: 4.4–4.5 ×. Mediotergite 2 sculpture: Mostly smoth and polished. Ovipositor sheaths length: 1.0 × as long as metatibia.

Male. Unknown.

Sequences in BOLD: 3, barcode compliant sequences: 3.

Hosts: Undetermined Gelechiidae with interim name gelJanzen01 Janzen830.

Costa Rica, ACG dry forest.

This species is named in honour of Dr. Teofilo de la Torre in recognition of his many years of guidance of ICE (Instituto Nacional de Electricidad), the National Electricity Institute, and his acceptance of ICE partnerships with ACG in biodiversity development.